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Chen YL, Sun CK, Tsai TH, Chang LT, Leu S, Zhen YY, Sheu JJ, Chua S, Yeh KH, Lu HI, Chang HW, Lee FY, Yip HK. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells embedded in platelet-rich fibrin scaffolds promote angiogenesis, preserve heart function, and reduce left ventricular remodeling in rat acute myocardial infarction. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:781-803. [PMID: 26175843 PMCID: PMC4494133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) embedded in platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) can significant promote myocardial regeneration and repair after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). SUMMARY BACKGROUND With avoiding the needle-related complications, PRF-embedded autologous ADMSCs graft provides a new effective stem cell-based therapeutic strategy for myocardial repair. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided (n = 8 per group) into group 1 (sham-operated), group 2 (AMI by ligating left coronary artery), group 3 (AMI+ PRF), and group 4 (AMI+PRF-embedded autologous ADMSCs). RPF with or without ADMSCs was patched on infarct area 1h after AMI induction. All animals were sacrificed on day 42 after echocardiography. RESULTS Left ventricular (LV) dimension and infarct/fibrotic areas were lowest in group 1, highest in group 2, in group 3 higher than in group 4, whereas LV performance and wall thickness exhibited a reversed pattern in all groups (all p < 0.001). Protein expressions of inflammatory (MMP-9, IL-1β), oxidative, apoptotic (Bax, cleaved PARP), fibrotic (Smad 3, TFG-β), hypertrophic (β-MHC), and heart failure (BNP) biomarkers displayed an identical pattern in infarct/fibrotic areas, whereas the protein expressions of anti-inflammatory (IL-10), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), anti-fibrotic (Smad1/5, BMP-2) biomarkers and α-MHC showed an opposite pattern (all p < 0.01). Angiogenic activities (c-Kit+, Sca-1+, CD31+, SDF-1α+, CXCR4+ cells; protein expressions of SDF-1α, CXCR4, VEGF) were highest in group 4 and lowest in group 1 (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION ADMSCs embedded in PRF offered significant benefit in preserving LV function and limiting LV remodeling after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lung Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University School of Medicine for International StudentsKaohsiung, 82245, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Li-Teh Chang
- Basic Science, Nursing Department, Meiho Institute of TechnologyPingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Steve Leu
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jye Sheu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Chua
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ho Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Lu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wen Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Yen Lee
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Hillmann A, Ahrberg AB, Brehm W, Heller S, Josten C, Paebst F, Burk J. Comparative Characterization of Human and Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Basis for Translational Studies in the Equine Model. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:109-24. [PMID: 25853993 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained tremendous attention as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of orthopedic diseases. Promising results have been obtained after application of MSCs for treatment of tendon and joint disease in the equine model, making it appear favorable to use these results as a basis for the translational process of the therapy. However, while the horse is considered a highly suitable model for orthopedic diseases, knowledge is lacking regarding the level of analogy of equine MSCs and their human counterparts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the properties of human and equine adipose- and tendon-derived MSCs in a direct comparison. Basic properties of human and equine MSCs from both tissues were similar. The cells expressed CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105 and lacked expression of CD73, CD14, CD34, CD45, CD79α, and MCHII/HLA-DR. No significant differences were found between proliferation potential of human and equine MSCs in early passages, but recovery of nucleated cells after tissue digestion as well as proliferation in later passages was higher in equine samples (p < 0.01). All samples showed a good migration capacity and multilineage differentiation potential. However, while osteogenic differentiation was achieved in all equine samples, it was only evident in five out of nine human tendon-derived samples. Human MSCs further showed a higher expression of collagen IIIA1 and tenascin-C, but lower expression of decorin and scleraxis (p < 0.01). Although revealing some potentially relevant differences, the study demonstrates a high level of analogy between human and equine MSCs, providing a basis for translational research in the equine model according to the guidelines issued by the authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Hillmann
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Well into the second decade since its conception, cell transplantation continues to undergo intensive evaluation for the treatment of myocardial infarction. At a mechanistic level, its objectives remain to replace lost cardiac cell mass with new functioning cardiomyocytes and vascular cells, thereby minimizing infarct size and scar formation, and improving clinical outcomes by preventing adverse left ventricular remodeling and recurrent ischemic events. Many different cell types, including pluripotent stem cells and various adult-derived progenitor cells, have been shown to have therapeutic potential in preclinical studies, while early phase human trial experience has provided divergent outcomes and fundamental lessons, emphasizing that there remain key issues to address and challenges to overcome before cell therapy can be applied to wider clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to provide a balanced update on recent seminal developments in this exciting field and look to the next important steps to ensure its forward progression.
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Marketou ME, Parthenakis FI, Kalyva A, Pontikoglou C, Maragkoudakis S, Kontaraki JE, Zacharis EA, Chlouverakis G, Patrianakos A, Papadaki HA, Vardas PE. Increased mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with essential hypertension: the effect of left ventricular hypertrophy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2014; 16:883-8. [PMID: 25329239 PMCID: PMC8031608 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have great clinical significance in many cardiovascular diseases. However, there are limited data regarding the involvement of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of MSCs in patients with essential hypertension. The authors included 24 patients with untreated essential hypertension and 19 healthy individuals. Using flow cytometry, MSCs in peripheral blood, as a population of CD45-/CD34-/CD90+ cells and also as a population of CD45-/CD34-/CD105+ cells, were measured. The resulting counts were translated into the percentage of MSCs in the total cells. Hypertensive patients were shown to have increased circulating CD45-/CD34-/CD90+ compared with controls (0.0069%±0.012% compared with 0.00085%±0.0015%, respectively; P=.039). No significant difference in circulating CD45-/CD34-/CD105+ cells was found between hypertensive patients' and normotensive patients' peripheral blood (0.018%±0.013% compared with 0.015%±0.014%, respectively; P=.53). Notably, CD45-/CD34-/CD90+ circulating cells were positively correlated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (r=0.516, P<.001). Patients with essential hypertension have increased circulating MSCs compared with normotensive patients, and the number of MSCs is correlated with LVMI. These findings contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension and might suggest a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athanasia Kalyva
- Molecular Cardiology LaboratorySchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteCreteGreece
| | | | | | - Joanna E. Kontaraki
- Molecular Cardiology LaboratorySchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteCreteGreece
| | | | | | | | | | - Panos E. Vardas
- Department of CardiologyHeraklion University HospitalCreteGreece
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Niada S, Ferreira LM, Arrigoni E, Addis A, Campagnol M, Broccaioli E, Brini AT. Porcine adipose-derived stem cells from buccal fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue for future preclinical studies in oral surgery. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 4:148. [PMID: 24330736 PMCID: PMC4054958 DOI: 10.1186/scrt359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are progenitor cells used in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite subcutaneous adipose tissue being more abundant, the buccal fat pad (BFP) is easily accessible for dentists and maxillofacial surgeons. For this reason, considering the need for preclinical study and the swine as an optimal animal model in tissue engineering applications, we compared the features of porcine ASCs (pASCs) from both tissue-harvesting sites. Methods ASCs were isolated from interscapular subcutaneous adipose tissue (ScI) and buccal fat pads of six swine. Cells were characterized for their stemness and multipotent features. Moreover, their osteogenic ability when cultured on titanium disks and silicon carbide-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor-deposition fragments, and their growth in the presence of autologous and heterologous serum were also assessed. Results Independent of the harvesting site, no differences in proliferation, viability, and clonogenicity were observed among all the pASC populations. Furthermore, when induced toward osteogenic differentiation, both ScI- and BFP-pASCs showed an increase of collagen and calcified extracellular matrix (ECM) production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteonectin expression, indicating their ability to differentiate toward osteoblast-like cells. In addition, they differentiated toward adipocyte-like cells, and chondrogenic induced pASCs were able to increase glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) production over time. When cells were osteoinduced on synthetic biomaterials, they significantly increased the amount of calcified ECM compared with control cells; moreover, titanium showed the osteoinductive effect on pASCs, also without chemical stimuli. Finally, these cells grew nicely in 10% FBS, and no benefits were produced by substitution with swine serum. Conclusions Swine buccal fat pad contains progenitor cells with mesenchymal features, and they also osteo-differentiate nicely in association with synthetic supports. We suggest that porcine BFP-ASCs may be applied in preclinical studies of periodontal and bone-defect regeneration.
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Passipieri JA, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Suhett G, Martins AB, Brasil GV, Campos DB, Rocha NN, Ramos IP, Mello DB, Rodrigues DC, Christie BB, Silva-Mendes BJ, Balduíno A, Sá RM, Lopes LM, Goldenberg RC, Campos de Carvalho AC, Carvalho AB. Improvement of cardiac function by placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells does not require permanent engraftment and is independent of the insulin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:102. [PMID: 25145631 PMCID: PMC4354978 DOI: 10.1186/scrt490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). Since MSCs can be obtained from two different regions of the human term placenta (chorionic plate or villi), cells obtained from both these regions were compared so that the best candidate for cell therapy could be selected. METHODS For the in vitro studies, chorionic plate MSCs (cp-MSCs) and chorionic villi MSCs (cv-MSCs) were extensively characterized for their genetic stability, clonogenic and differentiation potential, gene expression, and immunophenotype. For the in vivo studies, C57Bl/6 mice were submitted to MI and, after 21 days, received weekly intramyocardial injections of cp-MSCs for 3 weeks. Cells were also stably transduced with a viral construct expressing luciferase, under the control of the murine stem cell virus (MSCV) promoter, and were used in a bioluminescence assay. The expression of genes associated with the insulin signaling pathway was analyzed in the cardiac tissue from cp-MSCs and placebo groups. RESULTS Morphology, differentiation, immunophenotype, and proliferation were quite similar between these cells. However, cp-MSCs had a greater clonogenic potential and higher expression of genes related to cell cycle progression and genome stability. Therefore, we considered that the chorionic plate was preferable to the chorionic villi for the isolation of MSCs. Sixty days after MI, cell-treated mice had a significant increase in ejection fraction and a reduction in end-systolic volume. This improvement was not caused by a reduction in infarct size. In addition, tracking of cp-MSCs transduced with luciferase revealed that cells remained in the heart for 4 days after the first injection but that the survival period was reduced after the second and third injections. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed similar expression of genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway when comparing cell-treated and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of cardiac function by cp-MSCs did not require permanent engraftment and was not mediated by the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A Passipieri
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-006, Brazil.
| | - Tais H Kasai-Brunswick
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-006, Brazil.
| | - Grazielle Suhett
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Andreza B Martins
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-006, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme V Brasil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Dilza B Campos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Nazareth N Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Professor Hernani Melo 101, Niterói, 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Isalira P Ramos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Departamento de Radiologia, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Rua Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 255, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Debora B Mello
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Deivid C Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz B Christie
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo J Silva-Mendes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Alex Balduíno
- Centro de Pesquisa, Tecnologia e Inovação, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rua Ibituruna 108, Rio de Janeiro, 20271-020, Brazil.
| | - Renato M Sá
- Centro Pré-Natal de Diagnóstico e Tratamento, Clínica Perinatal, Rua das Laranjeiras 445, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-002, Brazil.
| | - Laudelino M Lopes
- Centro Pré-Natal de Diagnóstico e Tratamento, Clínica Perinatal, Rua das Laranjeiras 445, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-002, Brazil.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre-Victoria Hospital, B2-401, London, ON, N6H 5W9, Canada.
| | - Regina C Goldenberg
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Antonio C Campos de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rua das Laranjeiras 374, Rio de Janeiro, 22240-006, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Adriana B Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Sala G2-053, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Av Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Gao Y, Krpata DM, Criss CN, Liu L, Posielski N, Rosen MJ, Novitsky YW. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell and fibroblast coating on immunogenic potential of prosthetic meshes in vitro. Surg Endosc 2014; 28:2357-67. [PMID: 24972922 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-014-3470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to reveal the effect of fibroblast or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) coating on the mesh-induced production of IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF by macrophages. METHODS Four commonly used surgical meshes were tested in this study, including Parietex, SoftMesh, TIGR, and Strattice. One-square-centimeter pieces of each mesh were placed on top of a monolayer of human fibroblasts or rat MSCs. The coating status was monitored with a light microscope. The human promonocytic cell line U937 was induced to differentiate into macrophages (MΦ). Three weeks later, meshes were transferred to new 24-well plates and cocultured with the MΦs for 72 h. Culture medium was collected and analyzed for IL-1β, IL-6, and VEGF production using standard ELISA essays. Parallel mesh samples were fixed with paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde for histology or transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) analyses, respectively. RESULTS Uncoated meshes induced increased production of all three cytokines compared with macrophages cultured alone. HF coating further increased the production of both IL-6 and VEGF but reduced IL-1β production. Except for the SoftMesh group, MSC coating significantly blunted release of all cytokines to levels even lower than with MΦs cultured alone. MΦs tended to deteriorate in the presence of MSCs. Both histology and TEM revealed intimate interactions between cell-coated meshes and MΦs. CONCLUSIONS Cytokine response to fibroblast coating varied, while MSC coating blunted the immunogenic effect of both synthetic and biologic meshes in vitro. Cell coating appears to affect mesh biocompatibility and may become a key process in mesh evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Paebst F, Piehler D, Brehm W, Heller S, Schroeck C, Tárnok A, Burk J. Comparative immunophenotyping of equine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: an approach toward a standardized definition. Cytometry A 2014; 85:678-87. [PMID: 24894974 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Horses are an approved large animal model for therapies of the musculoskeletal system. Especially for tendon disease where cell-based therapy is commonly used in equine patients, the translation of achieved results to human medicine would be a great accomplishment. Immunophenotyping of equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remains the last obstacle to meet the criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) definition of human MSCs. Therefore, the surface antigen expression of CD 29, CD 44, CD 73, CD 90, CD 105, CD 14, CD 34, CD 45, CD 79α, and MHC II in equine MSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, and tendon tissue was analyzed using flow cytometry. Isolated cells from the different sources and donors varied in their expression pattern of MSC-defining antigens. In particular, CD 90 and 105 showed most heterogeneity. However, cells from all samples were robustly positive for CD 29 and CD 44, while being mostly negative for CD 73 and the exclusion markers CD 14, CD 34, CD 45, CD 79α and MHC II. Furthermore, it was evident that enzymes used for cell detachment after in vitro-culture affected the detection of antigen expression. These results emphasize the need of standardization of MSC isolation, culturing, and harvesting techniques. As the equine MSCs did not meet all criteria the ISCT defined for human MSCs, further investigations for a better characterization of the cell type should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Paebst
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Hsu WT, Jui HY, Huang YH, Su MYM, Wu YW, Tseng WYI, Hsu MC, Chiang BL, Wu KK, Lee CM. CXCR4 Antagonist TG-0054 Mobilizes Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Attenuates Inflammation, and Preserves Cardiac Systolic Function in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Infarction. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1313-28. [PMID: 24823505 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x681739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 and the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) governs the sequestration and mobilization of bone marrow stem cells. We investigated the therapeutic potential of TG-0054, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, in attenuating cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). In miniature pigs (minipigs), TG-0054 mobilized CD34(+)CXCR4(+), CD133(+)CXCR4(+), and CD271(+)CXCR4(+) cells into peripheral circulation. After isolation and expansion, TG-0054-mobilized CD271(+) cells were proved to be mesenchymal stem cells (designated CD271-MSCs) since they had trilineage differentiation potential, surface markers of MSCs, and immunosuppressive effects on allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation. MI was induced in 22 minipigs using balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by intravenous injections of 2.85 mg/kg of TG-0054 or saline at 3 days and 7 days post-MI. Serial MRI analyses revealed that TG-0054 treatment prevented left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at 12 weeks after MI (change of LV ejection fraction from baseline, -1.0 ± 6.2% in the TG-0054 group versus -7.9 ± 5.8% in the controls). The preserved cardiac function was accompanied by a significant decrease in the myocardial expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 at 7 days post-MI. Moreover, the plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were persistently suppressed by the TG-0054 treatment. Infusion of TG-0054-mobilized CD271-MSCs reduced both myocardial and plasma cytokine levels in a pattern, which is temporally correlated with TG-0054 treatment. This study demonstrated that TG-0054 improves the impaired LV contractility following MI, at least in part, by mobilizing MSCs to attenuate the postinfarction inflammation. This insight may facilitate exploring novel stem cell-based therapy for treating post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Tseng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Baboolal TG, Boxall SA, El-Sherbiny YM, Moseley TA, Cuthbert RJ, Giannoudis PV, McGonagle D, Jones E. Multipotential stromal cell abundance in cellular bone allograft: comparison with fresh age-matched iliac crest bone and bone marrow aspirate. Regen Med 2014; 9:593-607. [PMID: 24617969 PMCID: PMC4077757 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To enumerate and characterize multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) in a cellular bone allograft and compare with fresh age-matched iliac crest bone and bone marrow (BM) aspirate. MATERIALS & METHODS MSC characterization used functional assays, confocal/scanning electron microscopy and whole-genome microarrays. Resident MSCs were enumerated by flow cytometry following enzymatic extraction. RESULTS Allograft material contained live osteocytes and proliferative bone-lining cells defined as MSCs by phenotypic and functional capacities. Without cultivation/expansion, the allograft displayed an 'osteoinductive' molecular signature and the presence of CD45(-)CD271(+)CD73(+)CD90(+)CD105(+) MSCs; with a purity over 100-fold that of iliac crest bone. In comparison with BM, MSC numbers enzymatically released from 1 g of cellular allograft were equivalent to approximately 45 ml of BM aspirate. CONCLUSION Cellular allograft bone represents a unique nonimmune material rich in MSCs and osteocytes. This osteoinductive graft represents an attractive alternative to autograft bone or composite/synthetic grafts in orthopedics and broader regenerative medicine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sally A Boxall
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Richard J Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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61
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van der Spoel TIG, Vrijsen KR, Koudstaal S, Sluijter JPG, Nijsen JFW, de Jong HW, Hoefer IE, Cramer MJM, Doevendans PA, van Belle E, Chamuleau SAJ. Transendocardial cell injection is not superior to intracoronary infusion in a porcine model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy: a study on delivery efficiency. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2768-76. [PMID: 22697212 PMCID: PMC4118245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a new strategy for chronic ischaemic heart disease in patients. However, no consensus exists on the most optimal delivery strategy. This randomized study was designed to assess cell delivery efficiency of three clinically relevant strategies: intracoronary (IC) and transendocardial (TE) using electromechanical mapping guidance (NOGA) compared to surgical delivery in a chronic pig model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-four animals underwent delivery of 10(7) autologous Indium-oxine-labelled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) 4 weeks after infarction and were randomized to one of three groups (n = 8 each group): IC, TE or surgical delivery (reference group). Primary endpoint was defined as percentage (%) of injected dose per organ and assessed by in vivo gamma-emission counting. In addition, troponin and coronary flow were assessed before and after MSC injection. Blinded endpoint analysis showed no significant difference in efficiency after surgical (16 ± 4%), IC (11 ± 1%) and TE (11 ± 3%) (P = 0.52) injections. IC showed less variability in efficiency compared with TE and surgical injection. Overall, TE injection showed less distribution of MSC to visceral organs compared with other modalities. Troponin rise and IC flow did not differ between the percutaneous groups. This randomized study showed no significant difference in cell delivery efficiency to the myocardium in a clinically relevant ischaemic large animal model between IC and TE delivery. In addition, no differences in safety profile were observed. These results are important in view of the choice of percutaneous cell delivery modality in future clinical stem cell trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho I G van der Spoel
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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62
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Zaniboni A, Bernardini C, Alessandri M, Mangano C, Zannoni A, Bianchi F, Sarli G, Calzà L, Bacci ML, Forni M. Cells derived from porcine aorta tunica media show mesenchymal stromal-like cell properties in in vitro culture. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C322-33. [PMID: 24304832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00112.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have already described the presence of specialized niches of precursor cells in vasculature wall, and it has been shown that these populations share several features with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Considering the relevance of MSCs in the cardiovascular physiopathology and regenerative medicine, and the usefulness of the pig animal model in this field, we reported a new method for MSC-like cell isolation from pig aorta. Filling the vessel with a collagenase solution for 40 min, all endothelial cells were detached and discarded and then collagenase treatment was repeated for 4 h to digest approximately one-third of the tunica media. The ability of our method to select a population of MSC-like cells from tunica media could be ascribed in part to the elimination of contaminant cells from the intimal layer and in part to the overnight culture in the high antibiotic/antimycotic condition and to the starvation step. Aortic-derived cells show an elongated, spindle shape, fibroblast-like morphology, as reported for MSCs, stain positively for CD44, CD56, CD90, and CD105; stain negatively for CD34 and CD45; and express CD73 mRNA. Moreover, these cells show the classical mesenchymal trilineage differentiation potential. Under our in vitro culture conditions, aortic-derived cells share some phenotypical features with pericytes and are able to take part in the formation of network-like structures if cocultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In conclusion, our work reports a simple and highly suitable method for obtaining large numbers of precursor MSC-like cells derived from the porcine aortic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zaniboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences-DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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63
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Su J, Chen X, Huang Y, Li W, Li J, Cao K, Cao G, Zhang L, Li F, Roberts AI, Kang H, Yu P, Ren G, Ji W, Wang Y, Shi Y. Phylogenetic distinction of iNOS and IDO function in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression in mammalian species. Cell Death Differ 2013; 21:388-96. [PMID: 24162664 PMCID: PMC3921585 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be strongly immunosuppressive in both animal disease models and human clinical trials. We have reported that the key molecule mediating immunosuppression by MSCs is species dependent: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in human and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mouse. In the present study, we isolated MSCs from several mammalian species, each of a different genus, and investigated the involvement of IDO and iNOS during MSC-mediated immunosuppression. The characterization of MSCs from different species was by adherence to tissue culture plastic, morphology, specific marker expression, and differentiation potential. On the basis of the inducibility of IDO and iNOS by inflammatory cytokines in MSCs, the tested mammalian species fall into two distinct groups: IDO utilizers and iNOS utilizers. MSCs from monkey, pig, and human employ IDO to suppress immune responses, whereas MSCs from mouse, rat, rabbit, and hamster utilize iNOS. Interestingly, based on the limited number of species tested, the iNOS-utilizing species all belong to the phylogenetic clade, Glires. Although the evolutionary significance of this divergence is not known, we believe that this study provides critical guidance for choosing appropriate animal models for preclinical studies of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Su
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - K Cao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - G Cao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Zhang
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, NJ 08901, USA
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - A I Roberts
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, NJ 08901, USA
| | - H Kang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - P Yu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - G Ren
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, NJ 08901, USA
| | - W Ji
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Shi
- 1] Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 225 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China [2] Child Health Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 89 French Street, NJ 08901, USA
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64
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Telukuntla KS, Suncion VY, Schulman IH, Hare JM. The advancing field of cell-based therapy: insights and lessons from clinical trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000338. [PMID: 24113326 PMCID: PMC3835242 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik S Telukuntla
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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65
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Oerlemans MI, Koudstaal S, Chamuleau SA, de Kleijn DP, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JP. Targeting cell death in the reperfused heart: Pharmacological approaches for cardioprotection. Int J Cardiol 2013; 165:410-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Feyen D, Gaetani R, Liu J, Noort W, Martens A, den Ouden K, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG. Increasing short-term cardiomyocyte progenitor cell (CMPC) survival by necrostatin-1 did not further preserve cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:83-91. [PMID: 23554461 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS One of the main limitations for an effective cell therapy for the heart is the poor cell engraftment after implantation, which is partly due to a large percentage of cell death in the hostile myocardium. In the present study, we investigated the utilization of necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) as a possible attenuator of cell death in cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (CMPCs). METHODS AND RESULTS In a mouse model of myocardial infarction, survival of CMPCs 3 days after intra-myocardial injection was 39 ± 9% higher in cells pretreated with the Nec-1 compound. However, the increase in cell number was not sustained over 28 days, and did not translate into improved cardiac function (ejection fraction %, 20.6 ± 2.1 vs. 21.4 ± 2.5 for vehicle and Nec-1-treated CMPC, respectively). Nonetheless, Nec-1 rescued CMPCs remained functionally competent. CONCLUSION A pharmacological pretreatment approach to solely enhance cell survival on the short term does not seem to be effective strategy to improve cardiac cell therapy with CMPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Feyen
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, room G02.523, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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67
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Petsche Connell J, Camci-Unal G, Khademhosseini A, Jacot JG. Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:368-79. [PMID: 23350771 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that a population of stem cells can be isolated from amniotic fluid removed by amniocentesis that are broadly multipotent and nontumorogenic. These amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSC) could potentially provide an autologous cell source for treatment of congenital defects identified during gestation, particularly cardiovascular defects. In this review, the various methods of isolating, sorting, and culturing AFSC are compared, along with techniques for inducing differentiation into cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells. Although research has not demonstrated complete and high-yield cardiac differentiation, AFSC have been shown to effectively differentiate into endothelial cells and can effectively support cardiac tissue. Additionally, several tissue engineering and regenerative therapeutic approaches for the use of these cells in heart patches, injection after myocardial infarction, heart valves, vascularized scaffolds, and blood vessels are summarized. These applications show great promise in the treatment of congenital cardiovascular defects, and further studies of isolation, culture, and differentiation of AFSC will help to develop their use for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cardiovascular therapies.
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68
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Oerlemans MIFJ, Mosterd A, Dekker MS, de Vrey EA, van Mil A, Pasterkamp G, Doevendans PA, Hoes AW, Sluijter JPG. Early assessment of acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department: the potential diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:1176-85. [PMID: 23023917 PMCID: PMC3494874 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were based on small patient numbers, performed no comparison with established markers of cardiac injury and did not have appropriate controls. We determined the potential diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs as novel early biomarkers in 332 suspected ACS patients on presentation to the emergency department (ED) in a prospective single-centre study including cardiac miRNAs (miR-1, -208a and -499), miR-21 and miR-146a. Levels of all miRs studied were significantly increased in 106 patients diagnosed with ACS, even in patients with initially negative high-sensitive (hs) troponin or symptom onset <3 h. MiR-1, miR-499 and miR-21 significantly increased the diagnostic value in all suspected ACS patients when added to hs-troponin T (AUC 0.90). These three miRs were strong predictors of ACS independent of clinical co-variates including patient history and cardiovascular risk factors. Interestingly, the combination of these three miRs resulted in a significantly higher AUC of 0.94 than hs-troponin T (0.89). Circulating microRNAs hold great potential as novel early biomarkers for the management of suspected ACS patients.
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69
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van den Akker F, Deddens JC, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG. Cardiac stem cell therapy to modulate inflammation upon myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1830:2449-58. [PMID: 22975401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After myocardial infarction (MI) a local inflammatory reaction clears the damaged myocardium from dead cells and matrix debris at the onset of scar formation. The intensity and duration of this inflammatory reaction are intimately linked to post-infarct remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Strikingly, treatment with standard anti-inflammatory drugs worsens clinical outcome, suggesting a dual role of inflammation in the cardiac response to injury. Cardiac stem cell therapy with different stem or progenitor cells, e.g. mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), was recently found to have beneficial effects, mostly related to paracrine actions. One of the suggested paracrine effects of cell therapy is modulation of the immune system. SCOPE OF REVIEW MSC are reported to interact with several cells of the immune system and could therefore be an excellent means to reduce detrimental inflammatory reactions and promote the switch to the healing phase upon cardiac injury. This review focuses on the potential use of MSC therapy for post-MI inflammation. To understand the effects MSC might have on the post-MI heart the cellular and molecular changes in the myocardium after MI need to be understood. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS By studying the general pathways involved in immunomodulation, and examining the interactions with cell types important for post-MI inflammation, it becomes clear that MSC treatment might provide a new therapeutic opportunity to improve cardiac outcome after acute injury. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Using stem cells to target the post-MI inflammation is a novel therapy which could have considerable clinical implications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F van den Akker
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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70
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Markers for characterization of bone marrow multipotential stromal cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:975871. [PMID: 22666272 PMCID: PMC3361338 DOI: 10.1155/2012/975871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the observed efficacy of culture-expanded multipotential stromal cells, also termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in the treatment of graft-versus host and cardiac disease, it remains surprising that purity and potency characterization of manufactured cell batches remains rather basic. In this paper, we will initially discuss surface and molecular markers that were proposed to serve as the indicators of the MSC potency, in terms of their proliferative potential or the ability to differentiate into desired lineages. The second part of this paper will be dedicated to a critical discussion of surface markers of uncultured (i.e., native) bone marrow (BM) MSCs. Although no formal consensus has yet been reached on which markers may be best suited for prospective BM MSC isolation, markers that cross-react with MSCs of animal models (such as CD271 and W8-B2/MSCA-1) may have the strongest translational value. Whereas small animal models are needed to discover the in vivo function on these markers, large animal models are required for safety and efficacy testing of isolated MSCs, particularly in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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