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de Paiva HN, Paiva PCP, de Paula Silva CJ, Lamounier JA, Ferreira e Ferreira E, Ferreira RC, Kawachi I, Zarzar PM. Is there an association between traumatic dental injury and social capital, binge drinking and socioeconomic indicators among schoolchildren? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118484. [PMID: 25719561 PMCID: PMC4342009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traumatic dental injury is defined as trauma caused by forces on a tooth with variable extent and severity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of traumatic dental injury and its association with overjet, lip protection, sex, socioeconomic status, social capital and binge drinking among 12-year-old students. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 633 12-year-old students. Data were collected through a clinical exam and self-administered questionnaires. Socioeconomic status was determined based on mother's schooling and household income. The Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) were used to measure social capital and binge drinking, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of traumatic dental injury was 29.9% (176/588). Traumatic dental injury was more prevalent among male adolescents (p = 0.010), those with overjet greater than 5 mm (p < 0.001) and those with inadequate lip protection (p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, overjet [OR = 3.80 (95% CI: 2.235-6.466), p < 0.0001], inadequate lip protection [OR = 5.585 (95% CI: 3.654-8.535), p < 0.0001] and binge drinking [OR = 1.93 (95% CI: 1.21-3.06), p = 0.005] remained significantly associated with traumatic dental injury. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that a high level of total social capital and trust are not associated with TDI in adolescents, unlike binge drinking. The effects of social and behavioral factors on TDI are not well elucidated. Therefore, further research involving other populations and a longitudinal design is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo Neves de Paiva
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Pelli Paiva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos José de Paula Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Joel Alves Lamounier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira
- Department of Public Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Conceição Ferreira
- Department of Public Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health and Medical School, 617495.1000, Harvard, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Patrícia Maria Zarzar
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Peres MA, Luzzi L, Peres KG, Sabbah W, Antunes JL, Do LG. Income-related inequalities in inadequate dentition over time in Australia, Brazil and USA adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 43:217-25. [PMID: 25611323 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes over time of the absolute and relative household income-related inequalities in inadequate dentition (ID) among Australians, Brazilians and USA adults. METHODS This study used nationwide oral health survey data from Australia (n = 1200 in 1999; n = 2729 in 2005), Brazil (n = 13 431 in 2003; n = 9779 in 2010) and USA (n = 2542 in 1999; n = 1596 in 2005). Absolute income inequalities were calculated using Absolute Concentration Index (ACI) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), while relative inequalities were calculated using Relative Concentration Index (RCI) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). RESULTS Prevalence of ID in the studied period dropped from 8.7% to 3.1% in Australia; from 42.1% to 22.4% in Brazil; and remained stable in USA, nearly 8.0%. Absolute income inequalities were highest in Brazil, followed by the USA and Australia; relative inequalities were lower in Brazil than in Australia and the USA. ID was higher among Brazilian females (2010) and for the poorest group in all countries and periods. A remarkable reduction in absolute inequalities were found in Australia [Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and AIC 60%] and in Brazil (SII 25%; ACI 33%) while relative inequalities increased both in Australia (RCI and RII 40%) and in Brazil (RCI 24%; RII 38%). No changes in absolute and relative income inequalities were found in the USA. CONCLUSION There were still persistent absolute and relative income inequalities in ID in all examined countries. There has been a reduction in absolute income inequalities in ID but an increase in relative income inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Peres
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Salehyar MH, Keenan L, Patterson S, Amin M. Conceptual understanding of social capital in a First Nations community: a social determinant of oral health in children. Int J Circumpolar Health 2015; 74:25417. [PMID: 25623814 PMCID: PMC4306758 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v74.25417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of the study was: (a) to better understand the concept of social capital and its potential role in oral health of children in a First Nations community and (b) to identify the strengths and resources in terms of social capital and a health promotion model that the community has at its disposal to address its oral health issues. Methods In this qualitative case study, participants were purposively selected in a First Nations community: Seven individual interviews and two focus groups involving 18 parents/care givers were selected. Putnam's concept of social capital guided all the interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was employed using the NVivo software. Results The community was close-knit and seemed to have strong moral fibre, which encouraged members to help each other. A strong bonding social capital was also found among the members, especially inside the clans (families). A need for improvement in bridging social capital that would help the community to reach external resources was observed. While members of the community were actively involved in religious rituals and cultural ceremonies, more efforts seemed to be required to recruit volunteers for other events or programs. Active engagement of community members in any program requires that members be given a voice as well as some ownership of the process. Mobilizing or building community's social capital can play a role when planning future interventions. Conclusions A better understanding of social capital may enhance the community's investment and efforts by reinforcing healthy oral behaviours and improving access to external resources. With more dynamic collaboration, it may be possible to create more sustainable community-based oral health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Salehyar
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Louanne Keenan
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Patterson
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Rouxel PL, Heilmann A, Aida J, Tsakos G, Watt RG. Social capital: theory, evidence, and implications for oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 43:97-105. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Heilmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; UCL; London UK
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; UCL; London UK
| | - Richard G. Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; UCL; London UK
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Fontanini H, Marshman Z, Vettore M. Social support and social network as intermediary social determinants of dental caries in adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2014; 43:172-82. [PMID: 25413492 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Fontanini
- Family Health Strategy; Municipal Health Secretariat of Dourados; Dourados Brazil
| | - Zoe Marshman
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Mario Vettore
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Smith NDL, Kawachi I. State-level social capital and suicide mortality in the 50 U.S. states. Soc Sci Med 2014; 120:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ohara Y, Hirano H, Watanabe Y, Obuchi S, Yoshida H, Fujiwara Y, Ihara K, Kawai H, Mataki S. Factors associated with self-rated oral health among community-dwelling older Japanese: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:755-61. [PMID: 25244626 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the determinants of self-rated oral health among community-dwelling older people in Japan. METHODS The participants were 897 (357 men and 540 women) aged 65 years and over who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination, which included an oral examination, a face-to-face interview assessing cognitive function, questionnaires regarding depressive symptoms and functional capacity, and a medical examination. The oral examination measured indices of oral health status: number of present teeth, number of functional teeth, occlusal force and amount of resting saliva. Multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine the factors associated with poor self-rated oral health. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 73.5 ± 5.0 years. The prevalence of poor and rather poor self-rated oral health was 11.5% and 29.5%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the number of present teeth (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.95-0.99), difficulty in mastication (OR 3.20, CI 2.18-4.70), presence of xerostomia (OR 1.43, CI 1.02-2.01), total score on the MoCA-J (OR 1.06, CI 1.01-1.11), and reduction in frequency of leaving the house (OR 1.64, CI 1.12-2.41) were significantly associated with poor self-rated oral health. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggested that self-rated oral health was a significant factor in oral health status as well as overall well-being among community-dwelling older Japanese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohara
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School, Section of Oral Health Care Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Department of Oral Disease, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Obuchi
- Human Care Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyo Yoshida
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawai
- Human Care Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Mataki
- Graduate School, Section of Behavioral Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kojima A, Ekuni D, Mizutani S, Furuta M, Irie K, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Relationships between self-rated oral health, subjective symptoms, oral health behavior and clinical conditions in Japanese university students: a cross-sectional survey at Okayama University. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:62. [PMID: 24195632 PMCID: PMC4228361 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated oral health is a valid and useful summary indicator of overall oral health status and quality of life. However, few studies on perception of oral health have been conducted among Japanese young adults. This study investigated whether oral health behavior, subjective oral symptoms, or clinical oral status were associated with self-rated oral health in Japanese young adults. Methods This cross-sectional survey included 2,087 students (1,183 males, 904 females), aged 18 and 19 years, at Okayama University, Japan. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and an oral examination was performed. Results In a structural equation modeling analysis, the score of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) significantly affected self-rated oral health (p <0.05) and the effect size was highest. Malocclusion, subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and stomatitis, and poor oral health behavior significantly induced self-rated poor oral health with small effect sizes (p <0.05). Clinical periodontal conditions and Oral Hygiene Index-simplified were not related to self-rated oral health. Conclusion Self-rated oral health was influenced by subjective symptoms of TMD and stomatitis, oral health behavior, the score of DMFT, and malocclusion. The evaluation of these parameters may be a useful approach in routine dental examination to improve self-rated oral health in university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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Lamarca GA, Leal MDC, Leao ATT, Sheiham A, Vettore MV. The different roles of neighbourhood and individual social capital on oral health-related quality of life during pregnancy and postpartum: a multilevel analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013; 42:139-50. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Lamarca
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; University College London; London UK
| | - Maria do C. Leal
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Anna T. T. Leao
- Faculdade de Odontologia; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Aubrey Sheiham
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; University College London; London UK
| | - Mario V. Vettore
- Unit of Dental Public Health; School of Clinical Dentistry; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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Takeuchi K, Aida J, Kondo K, Osaka K. Social participation and dental health status among older Japanese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61741. [PMID: 23613921 PMCID: PMC3629217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although social participation is a key determinant of health among older adults, few studies have focused on the association between social participation and dental health. This study examined the associations between social participation and dental health status in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. METHODS AND FINDINGS In 2010, self-administered postal questionnaires were distributed to all people aged ≥ 65 years in Iwanuma City, Japan (response rate, 59.0%). Data from 3,517 respondents were analyzed. Data on the number of remaining natural teeth, for determining the dental health status, and social participation were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The number, type, and frequency of social activities were used to assess social participation. Social activities were political organizations or associations, industrial or professional groups, volunteer groups, senior citizens' clubs, religious groups or associations, sports groups, neighborhood community associations, and hobby clubs. Using ordinal logistic regression, we calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for an increase in category of remaining teeth based on the number, type, and frequency of social activities. Sex, age, marital status, current medical history, activity of daily living, educational attainment, and annual equivalent income were used as covariates. Of the respondents, 34.2% reported having ≥ 20 teeth; 27.1%, 10-19 teeth; 26.3%, 1-9 teeth; and 12.4%, edentulousness. Social participation appeared to be related with an increased likelihood of having a greater number of teeth in old age, even after adjusting for covariates (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10-1.53). Participation in sports groups, neighborhood community associations, or hobby clubs was significantly associated with having more teeth. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a protective effect of social participation on dental health. In particular, participation in sports groups, neighborhood community associations, or hobby clubs might be a strong predictor for retaining more teeth in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Miyagi, Japan.
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Chi DL, Carpiano RM. Neighborhood social capital, neighborhood attachment, and dental care use for Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey adults. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:e88-95. [PMID: 23409881 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2012.301170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that neighborhood-level social capital and individual-level neighborhood attachment are positively associated with adult dental care use. METHODS We analyzed data from the 2000-2001 Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey that were linked to US Census Bureau data from 2000 (n = 1800 adults aged 18-64 years across 65 neighborhoods). We used 2-level hierarchical logistic regression models to estimate the odds of dental use associated with each of 4 forms of social capital and neighborhood attachment. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, the odds of dental use were significantly associated with only 1 form of social capital: social support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72, 0.99). Individual-level neighborhood attachment was positively associated with dental care use (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.10). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, adults in neighborhoods with higher levels of social capital, particularly social support, were significantly less likely to use dental care. Future research should identify the oral health-related attitudes, beliefs, norms, and practices in neighborhoods and other behavioral and cultural factors that moderate and mediate the relationship between social capital and dental care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7475, USA.
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Santiago BM, Valença AMG, Vettore MV. Social capital and dental pain in Brazilian northeast: a multilevel cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:2. [PMID: 23289932 PMCID: PMC3543847 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence on possible associations between social determinants and dental pain. This study investigated the relationship of neighborhood and individual social capital with dental pain in adolescents, adults and the elderly. METHODS A population-based multilevel study was conducted involving 624 subjects from 3 age groups: 15-19, 35-44 and 65-74 years. They were randomly selected from 30 census tracts in three cities in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. A two-stage cluster sampling was used considering census tracts and households as sampling units. The outcome of study was the presence of dental pain in the last 6 months. Information on dental pain, demographic, socio-economic, health-related behaviors, use of dental services, self-perceived oral health and social capital measures was collected through interviews. Participants underwent a clinical examination for assessment of dental caries. Neighborhood social capital was evaluated using aggregated measures of social trust, social control, empowerment, political efficacy and neighborhood safety. Individual social capital assessment included bonding and bridging social capital. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test the relationship of neighborhood and individual social capital with dental pain after sequential adjustment for covariates. RESULTS Individuals living in neighborhoods with high social capital were 52% less likely to report dental pain than those living in neighborhoods with low social capital (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.85). Bonding social capital (positive interaction) was independently associated with dental pain (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.91). Last dental visit, self-perceived oral health and number of decayed teeth were also significantly associated with dental pain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that contextual and individual social capital are independently associated with dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marques Santiago
- Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Manaíra, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Socio-environmental factors associated with self-rated oral health in South Africa: a multilevel effects model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012. [PMID: 23202757 PMCID: PMC3509466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study examined the influence of the social context in which people live on self-ratings of their oral health. Method: This study involved a representative sample of 2,907 South African adults (≥16 years) who participated in the 2007 South African Social Attitude Survey (SASAS). We used the 2005 General Household Survey (n = 107,987 persons from 28,129 households) to obtain living environment characteristics of SASAS participants, including sources of water and energy, and household cell-phone ownership (a proxy measure for the social network available to them). Information obtained from SASAS included socio-demographic data, respondents’ level of trust in people, oral health behaviors and self-rated oral health. Results: Of the respondents, 76.3% self-rated their oral health as good. Social context influenced women’s self-rated oral health differently from that of men. Good self-rated oral health was significantly higher among non-smokers, employed respondents and women living in areas with higher household cell-phone ownership. Furthermore, trust and higher social position were associated with good self-rated oral health among men and women respectively. Overall, 55.1% and 18.3% of the variance in self-rated oral health were explained by factors operating at the individual and community levels respectively. Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential role of social capital in improving the population’s oral health.
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Zarzar PM, Ferreira EFE, Kawachi I. Can social capital contribute to the improvement of oral health? Braz Oral Res 2012; 26:388-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000500002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Mizutani S, Ekuni D, Furuta M, Tomofuji T, Irie K, Azuma T, Kojima A, Nagase J, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Effects of self-efficacy on oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students aged 18- or 19-years-old. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:844-9. [PMID: 22780323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although self-efficacy is known to affect various health-related practises, few studies have clearly examined how self-efficacy correlates with oral health behaviors or the oral health condition. We examined the relationship between gingivitis, oral health behaviors and self-efficacy in university students. MATERIAL & METHODS A total of 2,111 students (1,197 males, 914 females) aged 18 and 19 years were examined. The degree of gingivitis was expressed as the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP). Additional information was collected via a questionnaire regarding oral health behaviors (daily frequency of tooth-brushing, use of dental floss and regular check-up). Self-efficacy was assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS). Path analysis was used to test pathways from self-efficacy to oral health behaviors and %BOP. RESULTS In the final structural model, self-efficacies were related to each other, and they affected oral health behaviors. Good oral health behaviors reduced dental plaque and calculus, and lower levels of dental plaque and calculus resulted in lower %BOP. CONCLUSION Higher self-efficacy correlated with better oral health behaviours and gingival health in university students. Improving self-efficacy may be beneficial for maintaining good gingival health in university students. To prevent gingivitis, the approach of enhancing self-efficacy in university students would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mizutani
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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