51
|
Yu P, Yang W, Han D, Wang X, Guo S, Li J, Li F, Zhang X, Wong SW, Bai B, Liu Y, Du J, Sun Z, Shi S, Feng H, Cai T. Mutations in WNT10B Are Identified in Individuals with Oligodontia. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:195-201. [PMID: 27321946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in humans. Oligodontia, a severe form of tooth agenesis, is genetically and phenotypically a heterogeneous condition. Although significant efforts have been made, the genetic etiology of dental agenesis remains largely unknown. In the present study, we performed whole-exome sequencing to identify the causative mutations in Chinese families in whom oligodontia segregates with dominant inheritance. We detected a heterozygous missense mutation (c.632G>A [p.Arg211Gln]) in WNT10B in all affected family members. By Sanger sequencing a cohort of 145 unrelated individuals with non-syndromic oligodontia, we identified three additional mutations (c.569C>G [p.Pro190Arg], c.786G>A [p.Trp262(∗)], and c.851T>G [p.Phe284Cys]). Interestingly, analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations revealed that mutations in WNT10B affect the development of permanent dentition, particularly the lateral incisors. Furthermore, a functional assay demonstrated that each of these mutants could not normally enhance the canonical Wnt signaling in HEPG2 epithelial cells, in which activity of the TOPFlash luciferase reporter was measured. Notably, these mutant WNT10B ligands could not efficiently induce endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Our findings provide the identification of autosomal-dominant WNT10B mutations in individuals with oligodontia, which increases the spectrum of congenital tooth agenesis and suggests attenuated Wnt signaling in endothelial differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.
Collapse
|
52
|
Liu D, Mai K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ai Q. GSK-3b participates in the regulation of hepatic lipid deposition in large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:379-388. [PMID: 26483261 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the participation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the lipid deposition was investigated in the liver of large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) by LiCl treatment. It was found that the expression of GSK-3β and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was inhibited, but the expression of β-catenin was induced by LiCl treatment. Furthermore, the gene expression and activity of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver was inhibited by LiCl treatment. The content of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-estesterified fatty acid in the liver, as well as TC, TG, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, was decreased by LiCl treatment. However, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma was increased, and the number of lipid droplets in the liver was decreased by LiCl treatment. The results indicate that GSK-3β/β-catenin may participate in regulating LPL and FAS through PPARγ in the liver of large yellow croaker, which will lead to the inhibition of hepatic lipid deposition.
Collapse
|
53
|
Carter MG, Smagghe BJ, Stewart AK, Rapley JA, Lynch E, Bernier KJ, Keating KW, Hatziioannou VM, Hartman EJ, Bamdad CC. A Primitive Growth Factor, NME7AB , Is Sufficient to Induce Stable Naïve State Human Pluripotency; Reprogramming in This Novel Growth Factor Confers Superior Differentiation. Stem Cells 2016; 34:847-59. [PMID: 26749426 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scientists have generated human stem cells that in some respects mimic mouse naïve cells, but their dependence on the addition of several extrinsic agents, and their propensity to develop abnormal karyotype calls into question their resemblance to a naturally occurring "naïve" state in humans. Here, we report that a recombinant, truncated human NME7, referred to as NME7AB here, induces a stable naïve-like state in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells without the use of inhibitors, transgenes, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), feeder cells, or their conditioned media. Evidence of a naïve state includes reactivation of the second X chromosome in female source cells, increased expression of naïve markers and decreased expression of primed state markers, ability to be clonally expanded and increased differentiation potential. RNA-seq analysis shows vast differences between the parent FGF2 grown, primed state cells, and NME7AB converted cells, but similarities to altered gene expression patterns reported by others generating naïve-like stem cells via the use of biochemical inhibitors. Experiments presented here, in combination with our previous work, suggest a mechanistic model of how human stem cells regulate self-replication: an early naïve state driven by NME7, which cannot itself limit self-replication and a later naïve state regulated by NME1, which limits self-replication when its multimerization state shifts from the active dimer to the inactive hexamer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Carter
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B J Smagghe
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A K Stewart
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J A Rapley
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Lynch
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K J Bernier
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K W Keating
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - E J Hartman
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Liu D, Mai K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Ai Q. Wnt/β-catenin signaling participates in the regulation of lipogenesis in the liver of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 191:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
55
|
Horváth P, Balla B, Kósa JP, Tóbiás B, Szili B, Kirschner G, Győri G, Kató K, Lakatos P, Takács I. Strong effect of SNP rs4988300 of the LRP5 gene on bone phenotype of Caucasian postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:79-85. [PMID: 25762437 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes of the Wnt pathway and bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women. We chose this pathway due to its importance in bone metabolism that was underlined in several studies. DNA samples of 932 Hungarian postmenopausal women were studied. First, their BMD values at different sites (spine, total hip) were measured, using a Lunar Prodigy DXA scanner. Thereafter, T-score values and the patients' body mass indices (BMIs) were calculated, while information about the fracture history of the sample population was also collected. We genotyped nine SNPs of the following three genes: LRP5, GPR177, and SP7, using a Sequenom MassARRAY Analyzer 4 instrument. The genomic DNA samples used for genotyping were extracted from the buccal mucosa of the subjects. Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 21 and R package. The results of this analysis showed a significant association between SNP rs4988300 of the LRP5 gene and total hip BMD values. We could not reveal any associations between the markers of GPR177, SP7, and bone phenotypes. We found no effect of these genotypes on fracture risk. We could demonstrate a significant gene-gene interaction between two SNPs of LRP5 (rs4988300 and rs634008, p = 0.009) which was lost after Bonferroni correction. We could firmly demonstrate a significant association between rs4988300 of the LRP5 gene and bone density of the hip on the largest homogeneous postmenopausal study group analyzed to date. Our finding corroborates the relationship between LRP5 genotype and bone phenotype in postmenopausal women, however, the complete mechanism of this relationship requires further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Horváth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary.
| | - Bernadett Balla
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - János P Kósa
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Bálint Tóbiás
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Balázs Szili
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kirschner
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Győri
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karina Kató
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Péter Lakatos
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi Sándor u. 2/a, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Molecular mechanisms of osteoporotic hip fractures in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2015; 73:49-58. [PMID: 26608808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common manifestation of age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis are fractures of the hip. Age-related osteoporosis is thought to be determined by a number of intrinsic factors including genetics, hormonal changes, changes in levels of oxidative stress, or an inflammatory status associated with the aging process. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression and bone architecture in bone samples derived from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures (OP) in comparison to bone samples from age matched women with osteoarthritis of the hip (OA). Femoral heads and adjacent neck tissue were collected from 10 women with low-trauma hip fractures (mean age 83±6) and consecutive surgical hip replacement. Ten bone samples from patients undergoing hip replacement due to osteoarthritis (mean age 80±5) served as controls. One half of each bone sample was subjected to gene expression analysis. The second half of each bone sample was analyzed by microcomputed tomography. From each half, samples from four different regions, the central and subcortical region of the femoral head and neck, were analyzed. We could show a significantly decreased expression of the osteoblast related genes RUNX2, Osterix, Sclerostin, WNT10B, and Osteocalcin, a significantly increased ratio of RANKL to Osteoprotegerin, and a significantly increased expression of the enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase GPX3, and of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in bone samples from hip fracture patients compared to controls. Major microstructural changes in OP bone were seen in the neck and were characterized by a significant decrease of bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density and a significant increase of trabecular separation. In conclusion, our data give evidence for a decreased expression of osteoblast related genes and increased expression of osteoclast related genes. Furthermore, increased expression of SOD2 and GPX3 suggest increased antioxidative activity in bone samples from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures.
Collapse
|
57
|
Calderon-Gierszal EL, Prins GS. Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Prostate Organoids In Vitro and its Perturbation by Low-Dose Bisphenol A Exposure. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26222054 PMCID: PMC4519179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using rodent and adult human prostate stem-progenitor cell models suggest that developmental exposure to the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol-A (BPA) can predispose to prostate carcinogenesis with aging. Unknown at present is whether the embryonic human prostate is equally susceptible to BPA during its natural developmental window. To address this unmet need, we herein report the construction of a pioneer in vitro human prostate developmental model to study the effects of BPA. The directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into prostatic organoids in a spatial system was accomplished with precise temporal control of growth factors and steroids. Activin-induced definitive endoderm was driven to prostate specification by combined exposure to WNT10B and FGF10. Matrigel culture for 20–30 days in medium containing R-Spondin-1, Noggin, EGF, retinoic acid and testosterone was sufficient for mature prostate organoid development. Immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis confirmed that organoids exhibited cytodifferentiation and functional properties of the human prostate. Exposure to 1 nM or 10 nM BPA throughout differentiation culture disturbed early morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner with 1 nM BPA increasing and 10 nM BPA reducing the number of branched structures formed. While differentiation of branched structures to mature organoids seemed largely unaffected by BPA exposure, the stem-like cell population increased, appearing as focal stem cell nests that have not properly entered lineage commitment rather than the rare isolated stem cells found in normally differentiated structures. These findings provide the first direct evidence that low-dose BPA exposure targets hESC and perturbs morphogenesis as the embryonic cells differentiate towards human prostate organoids, suggesting that the developing human prostate may be susceptible to disruption by in utero BPA exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther L. Calderon-Gierszal
- Departments of Urology and Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Departments of Urology and Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Niemann C, Schneider MR. Hair type-specific function of canonical Wnt activity in adult mouse skin. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:881-3. [PMID: 25039641 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a key regulator of hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and life-long HF regeneration. In a recently published issue of Experimental Dermatology, Lei et al. report that sustained WNT10B supply and pathway activation in regenerating mouse HF increased the width of hair bulbs, hair shafts and the dermal papilla (DP), and enlarged the CD34(+) HF bulge cell compartment. Notably, WNT10B affected primarily zigzag HFs, while size and morphology of other HF types remained largely unaffected. Thus, these findings raise a number of questions regarding a HF type-specific function of Wnt/β-catenin and on the role of the WNT-stimulated DP in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherin Niemann
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Brommage R, Liu J, Hansen GM, Kirkpatrick LL, Potter DG, Sands AT, Zambrowicz B, Powell DR, Vogel P. High-throughput screening of mouse gene knockouts identifies established and novel skeletal phenotypes. Bone Res 2014; 2:14034. [PMID: 26273529 PMCID: PMC4472125 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening gene function in vivo is a powerful approach to discover novel drug targets. We present high-throughput screening (HTS) data for 3 762 distinct global gene knockout (KO) mouse lines with viable adult homozygous mice generated using either gene-trap or homologous recombination technologies. Bone mass was determined from DEXA scans of male and female mice at 14 weeks of age and by microCT analyses of bones from male mice at 16 weeks of age. Wild-type (WT) cagemates/littermates were examined for each gene KO. Lethality was observed in an additional 850 KO lines. Since primary HTS are susceptible to false positive findings, additional cohorts of mice from KO lines with intriguing HTS bone data were examined. Aging, ovariectomy, histomorphometry and bone strength studies were performed and possible non-skeletal phenotypes were explored. Together, these screens identified multiple genes affecting bone mass: 23 previously reported genes (Calcr, Cebpb, Crtap, Dcstamp, Dkk1, Duoxa2, Enpp1, Fgf23, Kiss1/Kiss1r, Kl (Klotho), Lrp5, Mstn, Neo1, Npr2, Ostm1, Postn, Sfrp4, Slc30a5, Slc39a13, Sost, Sumf1, Src, Wnt10b), five novel genes extensively characterized (Cldn18, Fam20c, Lrrk1, Sgpl1, Wnt16), five novel genes with preliminary characterization (Agpat2, Rassf5, Slc10a7, Slc26a7, Slc30a10) and three novel undisclosed genes coding for potential osteoporosis drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Liu
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals , The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Vogel
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals , The Woodlands, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
de Queiroz KB, Coimbra RS, Ferreira AR, Carneiro CM, Paiva NCN, Costa DC, Evangelista EA, Guerra-Sá R. Molecular mechanism driving retroperitoneal adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to a high-sugar diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2331-41. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Roney Santos Coimbra
- Informática de Biossistemas; Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ; Belo Horizonte Brasil
| | - Amanda Rios Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Nívia Carolina Nogueira Paiva
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Elísio Alberto Evangelista
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; Ouro Preto Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Itin PH. Etiology and pathogenesis of ectodermal dysplasias. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2472-7. [PMID: 24715647 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are a large group of heterogeneous heritable conditions characterized by congenital defects of one or more ectodermal structures and their appendages. The skin and its appendages are mainly composed by ectodermal components but development initiation of appendages is orchestrated by signals of the mesoderm with the help of placodes. A complex network of signaling pathways coordinates the formation and function of ectodermal structures. In recent years much has been discovered regarding the molecular mechanisms of ectodermal embryogenesis and this facilitates a rational basis for classification of ectodermal dysplasia. Interestingly, not only complex ectodermal syndromes but also mono- or oligosymptomatic ectodermal malformations may result from a mutation in a gene that is critical for ectodermal development. Mesodermal, and occasionally endodermal malformations may coexist. Embryogenesis occurs in distinct tissue organizational fields and specific interactions among the germ layers exist that may lead to a wide range of ectodermal dysplasias. Of the approximately 200 different ectodermal dysplasias, about 80 have been characterized at the molecular level with identification of the genes that are mutated in these disorders. Modern molecular genetics will increasingly elucidate the basic defects of these distinct syndromes and shed more light into the regulatory mechanisms of embryology. The upcoming classification of ectodermal dysplasias will combine detailed clinical and molecular knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Itin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Group of Dermatology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Schmerbach K, Patzak A. The metabolic syndrome: is it the mother's fault? Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:702-4. [PMID: 24479946 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Schmerbach
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Institut für Vegetative Physiologie; Berlin Germany
| | - A. Patzak
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Institut für Vegetative Physiologie; Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Boudin E, Fijalkowski I, Piters E, Van Hul W. The role of extracellular modulators of canonical Wnt signaling in bone metabolism and diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:220-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
64
|
Helmer RA, Foreman O, Dertien JS, Panchoo M, Bhakta SM, Chilton BS. Role of helicase-like transcription factor (hltf) in the G2/m transition and apoptosis in brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66799. [PMID: 23826137 PMCID: PMC3691323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HLTF participates in transcription, chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, and tumor suppression. Aside from being expressed in mouse brain during embryonic and postnatal development, little is known about Hltf's functional importance. Splice variant quantification of wild-type neonatal (6-8 hour postpartum) brain gave a ratio of 5:1 for Hltf isoform 1 (exons 1-25) to isoform 2 (exons 1-21 with exon 21 extended via a partial intron retention event). Western analysis showed a close correlation between mRNA and protein expression. Complete loss of Hltf caused encephalomalacia with increased apoptosis, and reduced viability. Sixty-four percent of Hltf null mice died, 48% within 12-24 hours of birth. An RNA-Seq snapshot of the neonatal brain transcriptome showed 341 of 20,000 transcripts were altered (p < 0.05) - 95 up regulated and 246 down regulated. MetaCoreTM enrichment pathway analysis revealed Hltf regulates cell cycle, cell adhesion, and TGF-beta receptor signaling. Hltf's most important role is in the G2/M transition of the cell cycle (p = 4.672e-7) with an emphasis on transcript availability of major components in chromosome cohesion and condensation. Hltf null brains have reduced transcript levels for Rad21/Scc1, histone H3.3, Cap-E/Smc2, Cap-G/G2, and Aurora B kinase. The loss of Hltf in its yeast Rad5-like role in DNA damage repair is accompanied by down regulation of Cflar, a critical inhibitor of TNFRSF6-mediated apoptosis, and increased (p<0.0001) active caspase-3, an indicator of intrinsic triggering of apoptosis in null brains. Hltf also regulates Smad7/Bambi/Tgf-beta/Bmp5/Wnt10b signaling in brain. ChIP confirmed Hltf binding to consensus sequences in predicted (promoter Scgb3a1 gene) and previously unidentified (P-element on chromosome 7) targets. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive view of Hltf targets in brain. Moreover, it reveals how silencing Hltf disrupts cell cycle progression, and attenuates DNA damage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Helmer
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oded Foreman
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Dertien
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marlyn Panchoo
- St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Suhani M. Bhakta
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beverly S Chilton
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Brun J, Dieudonné FX, Marty C, Müller J, Schüle R, Patiño-García A, Lecanda F, Fromigué O, Marie PJ. FHL2 silencing reduces Wnt signaling and osteosarcoma tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55034. [PMID: 23383046 PMCID: PMC3557236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms that are involved in the growth and invasiveness of osteosarcoma, an aggressive and invasive primary bone tumor, are not fully understood. The transcriptional co-factor FHL2 (four and a half LIM domains protein 2) acts as an oncoprotein or as a tumor suppressor depending on the tissue context. In this study, we investigated the role of FHL2 in tumorigenesis in osteosarcoma model. Methodology/Principal Findings Western blot analyses showed that FHL2 is expressed above normal in most human and murine osteosarcoma cells. Tissue microarray analysis revealed that FHL2 protein expression is high in human osteosarcoma and correlates with osteosarcoma aggressiveness. In murine osteosarcoma cells, FHL2 silencing using shRNA decreased canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduced the expression of Wnt responsive genes as well as of the key Wnt molecules Wnt5a and Wnt10b. This effect resulted in inhibition of osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro. Using xenograft experiments, we showed that FHL2 silencing markedly reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis occurence in mice. The anti-oncogenic effect of FHL2 silencing in vivo was associated with reduced cell proliferation and decreased Wnt signaling in the tumors. Conclusion/Significance Our findings demonstrate that FHL2 acts as an oncogene in osteosarcoma cells and contributes to tumorigenesis through Wnt signaling. More importantly, FHL2 depletion greatly reduces tumor cell growth and metastasis, which raises the potential therapeutic interest of targeting FHL2 to efficiently impact primary bone tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brun
- INSERM UMR 606, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM UMR 606, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Judith Müller
- Urologische Klink/Frauenklinik, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schüle
- Urologische Klink/Frauenklinik, Klinikum der Universität Freiburg and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Patiño-García
- Oncology Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Oncology Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olivia Fromigué
- INSERM UMR 606, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre J. Marie
- INSERM UMR 606, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Wend P, Runke S, Wend K, Anchondo B, Yesayan M, Jardon M, Hardie N, Loddenkemper C, Ulasov I, Lesniak MS, Wolsky R, Bentolila LA, Grant SG, Elashoff D, Lehr S, Latimer JJ, Bose S, Sattar H, Krum SA, Miranda-Carboni GA. WNT10B/β-catenin signalling induces HMGA2 and proliferation in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:264-79. [PMID: 23307470 PMCID: PMC3569642 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signalling has been suggested to be active in basal-like breast cancer. However, in highly aggressive metastatic triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) the role of β-catenin and the underlying mechanism(s) for the aggressiveness of TNBC remain unknown. We illustrate that WNT10B induces transcriptionally active β-catenin in human TNBC and predicts survival-outcome of patients with both TNBC and basal-like tumours. We provide evidence that transgenic murine Wnt10b-driven tumours are devoid of ERα, PR and HER2 expression and can model human TNBC. Importantly, HMGA2 is specifically expressed during early stages of embryonic mammogenesis and absent when WNT10B expression is lost, suggesting a developmentally conserved mode of action. Mechanistically, ChIP analysis uncovered that WNT10B activates canonical β-catenin signalling leading to up-regulation of HMGA2. Treatment of mouse and human triple-negative tumour cells with two Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulators or siRNA to HMGA2 decreases HMGA2 levels and proliferation. We demonstrate that WNT10B has epistatic activity on HMGA2, which is necessary and sufficient for proliferation of TNBC cells. Furthermore, HMGA2 expression predicts relapse-free-survival and metastasis in TNBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
Turmeric has been long recognized for its anti-inflammatory and health-promoting properties. Curcumin is one of the principal anti-inflammatory and healthful components of turmeric comprising 2-8% of most turmeric preparations. Experimental evidence supports the activity of curcumin in promoting weight loss and reducing the incidence of obesity-related diseases. With the discovery that obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade metabolic inflammation, phytochemicals like curcumin which have anti-inflammatory activity are being intensely investigated. Recent scientific research reveals that curcumin directly interacts with white adipose tissue to suppress chronic inflammation. In adipose tissue, curcumin inhibits macrophage infiltration and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation induced by inflammatory agents. Curcumin reduces the expression of the potent proinflammatory adipokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and it induces the expression of adiponectin, the principal anti-inflammatory agent secreted by adipocytes. Curcumin also has effects to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and to promote antioxidant activities. Through these diverse mechanisms curcumin reduces obesity and curtails the adverse health effects of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Bradford
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
CHEN HONGMAN, WANG YINGMEI, XUE FENGXIA. Expression and the clinical significance of Wnt10a and Wnt10b in endometrial cancer are associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:507-14. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
69
|
Hsu RJ, Ho JY, Cha TL, Yu DS, Wu CL, Huang WP, Chu P, Chen YH, Chen JT, Yu CP. WNT10A plays an oncogenic role in renal cell carcinoma by activating WNT/β-catenin pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47649. [PMID: 23094073 PMCID: PMC3477117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis. WNT/β-catenin signaling dysregulation, especially β-catenin overactivation and WNT antagonist silencing, is associated with RCC carcinogenesis and progression. However, the role of WNT ligands in RCC has not yet been determined. We screened 19 WNT ligands from normal kidney and RCC cell lines and tissues and found that WNT10A was significantly increased in RCC cell lines and tissues as compared to that in normal controls. The clinical significance of increase in WNT10A was evaluated by performing an immunohistochemical association study in a 19-year follow-up cohort comprising 284 RCC and 267 benign renal disease (BRD) patients. The results of this study showed that WNT10A was dramatically upregulated in RCC tissues as compared to that in BRD tissues. This result suggests that WNT10A, nuclear β-catenin, and nuclear cyclin D1 act as independent risk factors for RCC carcinogenesis and progression, with accumulative risk effects. Molecular validation of cell line models with gain- or loss-of-function designs showed that forced WNT10A expression induced RCC cell proliferation and aggressiveness, including higher chemoresistance, cell migration, invasiveness, and cell transformation, due to the activation of β-catenin-dependent signaling. Conversely, WNT10A siRNA knockdown decreased cell proliferation and aggressiveness of RCC cells. In conclusion, we showed that WNT10A acts as an autocrine oncogene both in RCC carcinogenesis and progression by activating WNT/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jun Hsu
- Biobank Management Center of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jar-Yi Ho
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lung Cha
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Divisions of Urology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Shyong Yu
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Divisions of Urology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Lin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ping Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pauling Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Biobank Management Center of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Lee H, Bae S, Yoon Y. Anti-adipogenic effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are mediated by the maintenance of the wingless-type MMTV integration site/β-catenin pathway. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:1219-24. [PMID: 22922938 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D, was found to have anti-adipogenic activity, however, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence and absence of 1,25(OH)2D3, and the expression of the genes and proteins of the wingless-type MMTV integration site (WNT)/β-catenin pathway were analyzed. While the expression of the members of the WNT/β-catenin pathway were significantly downregulated during the adipogenesis of untreated 3T3-L1 cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment was found to maintain the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Among the members of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, the levels of WNT10B and disheveled (DVL)2 as well as the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β were maintained by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The levels of nuclear β-catenin, which were downregulated during adipogenesis, were also maintained by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The results of this study suggested that the anti-adipogenic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 was mediated by the maintenance of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, which was normally downregulated during adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haeyong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Ko MM, Park TY, Lim JH, Cha MH, Lee MS. WNT10B Polymorphism in Korean Stroke Patients with Yin Deficiency Pattern. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2012; 2012:798131. [PMID: 22927882 PMCID: PMC3426177 DOI: 10.1155/2012/798131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
WNT10B has been indicated as a potential regulator of adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro models of obesity. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of WNT10B polymorphism in elderly Korean subjects with cerebral infarction (CI) and Yin Deficiency pattern and Non-Yin Deficiency pattern. A total of 630 CI patients, including 75 with Yin Deficiency pattern and 555 with Non-Yin Deficiency pattern, participated in this study. SNP (G-607C) genotyping was conducted by primer extension using TaqMan probe; five percent of subjects were regenotyped by direct sequencing to confirm the accuracy of the genotyping. The results were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model to evaluate the genetic association between the G-607C variant and Yin Deficiency pattern. The frequency of the CC genotype of G-607C in the Yin Deficiency pattern group (29.33%) was significantly higher than that in the Non-Yin Deficiency pattern group (23.96%) (P = 0.0339 , OR = 2.005 (1.054-3.814)) in a recessive model. This is the first study to demonstrate an association between a WNT10B polymorphism and the Yin Deficiency pattern of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) in a CI patient population. These results suggest that G-607C might be used as a diagnostic genetic marker for Yin Deficiency pattern in stroke patients and in the development of personalized medical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Mi Ko
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Park
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lim
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Cha
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Schulte G, Bryja V, Schambony A. 19thActa Physiologicainternational symposium ‘WNT Signaling in Physiology and Disease’- a long way from developmental biology to physiology. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|