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Walczak J, Bocian S, Trziszka T, Buszewski B. Hyphenated Analytical Methods in Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Hen's Eggs. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:201-12. [PMID: 26186292 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1023428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hen's egg is a complete material needed for the development of the embryo; it is an important source of nutraceutical compounds, such as protein, fats, vitamins, trace metals, and minerals. Moreover, avian egg contains biologically active compounds that exhibit antibacterial and antimicrobial activities as well as antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulating, and therapeutic properties. Eggs are mostly very good sources of valuable, easily digestible proteins. This review focuses on the biologically active compounds from hen's egg and applications of these compounds in medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, it gives an overview of the hyphenated separation techniques, including sample preparation, analysis, and identification, used in the proteomics and lipidomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Walczak
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Trziszka
- b Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management , Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- a Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
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52
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Liang H, Zhou B, Li J, Pei Y, Li B. Coordination-driven multilayer of phosvitin-polyphenol functional nanofibrous membranes: antioxidant and biomineralization applications for tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2016; 6:98935-98944. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition technique has been widely used to decorate the nanofibers formed from polymer pairs with complementary functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshan Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology
| | - Yaqiong Pei
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Industrial Fermentation
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53
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Yousr M, Howell N. Antioxidant and ACE Inhibitory Bioactive Peptides Purified from Egg Yolk Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29161-78. [PMID: 26690134 PMCID: PMC4691102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein by-products from the extraction of lecithin from egg yolk can be converted into value-added products, such as bioactive hydrolysates and peptides that have potential health enhancing antioxidant, and antihypertensive properties. In this study, the antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of peptides isolated and purified from egg yolk protein were investigated. Defatted egg yolk was hydrolyzed using pepsin and pancreatin and sequentially fractionated by ultrafiltration, followed by gel filtration to produce egg yolk gel filtration fractions (EYGF). Of these, two fractions, EYGF-23 and EYGF-33, effectively inhibited the peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in an oxidizing linoleic acid model system. The antioxidant mechanism involved superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals scavenging and ferrous chelation. The presence of hydrophobic amino acids such as tyrosine (Y) and tryptophan (W), in sequences identified by LC-MS as WYGPD (EYGF-23) and KLSDW (EYGF-33), contributed to the antioxidant activity and were not significantly different from the synthetic BHA antioxidant. A third fraction (EYGF-56) was also purified from egg yolk protein by gel filtration and exhibited high ACE inhibitory activity (69%) and IC50 value (3.35 mg/mL). The SDNRNQGY peptide (10 mg/mL) had ACE inhibitory activity, which was not significantly different from that of the positive control captopril (0.5 mg/mL). In addition, YPSPV in (EYGF-33) (10 mg/mL) had higher ACE inhibitory activity compared with captopril. These findings indicated a substantial potential for producing valuable peptides with antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activity from egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Yousr
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, the University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Nazlin Howell
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, the University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
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54
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Vilgis TA. Soft matter food physics--the physics of food and cooking. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:124602. [PMID: 26534781 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/124602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the (soft matter) physics of food. Although food is generally not considered as a typical model system for fundamental (soft matter) physics, a number of basic principles can be found in the interplay between the basic components of foods, water, oil/fat, proteins and carbohydrates. The review starts with the introduction and behavior of food-relevant molecules and discusses food-relevant properties and applications from their fundamental (multiscale) behavior. Typical food aspects from 'hard matter systems', such as chocolates or crystalline fats, to 'soft matter' in emulsions, dough, pasta and meat are covered and can be explained on a molecular basis. An important conclusion is the point that the macroscopic properties and the perception are defined by the molecular interplay on all length and time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Vilgis
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55129 Mainz, Germany
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55
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Oliveira CR, Silva Cunha Tamashiro WM, Bueno SMA. Evaluation of OPS-agarose pseudo-affinity adsorption IgG 2a mouse monoclonal antibody. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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56
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Purification and identification of antioxidative peptides from dry-cured Xuanwei ham. Food Chem 2015; 194:951-8. [PMID: 26471639 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study mainly focused on the purification and identification of antioxidative peptides generated in dry-cured Xuanwei ham. Based on scavenging effect on free radicals and ferrous ion, the antioxidant activity of crude peptides from Xuanwei ham was assessed. From the scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH) radicals and superoxide anion (O2(-)), it was suggested that XHP generated during the ripening period had a strong antioxidant activity. By using size exclusion chromatography, anion exchange column and reversed-phase HPLC, fractions with a strong antioxidative activity were separated based on their molecular weight and polarity differences. The fraction with strong antioxidant effect was further characterized by LC-MS/MS. The results suggest that antioxidative peptides are produced during the long processing of Xuanwei ham among which the tetrapeptide Asp-Leu-Glu-Glu could be one of the main peptides that play key role in the antioxidant activity.
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Liquid storage of equine semen: Assessing the effect of d-penicillamine on longevity of ejaculated and epididymal stallion sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 159:155-62. [PMID: 26130601 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Short-term storage of equine sperm at 5°C in an extender containing milk and/or egg yolk components is common practice in the equine breeding industry. Sperm motility, viability, DNA integrity and, consequently, fertilizing ability decline over time, partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We investigated whether adding the anti-oxidant d-penicillamine to a commercial milk/egg yolk extender delayed the decrease in semen quality. Semen was recovered on four consecutive days from eight 3-year old Warmblood stallions. On day 5, seven of the stallions were castrated and sperm recovered from the caudae epididymides. Ejaculated samples were split, and one portion was centrifuged and re-suspended to reduce seminal plasma content. All samples were diluted to 50millionsperm/ml and divided into two portions, one of which was supplemented with 0.5mM d-penicillamine. After 48h, 96h, 144h and 192h storage, sperm motility was assessed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA), viability by SYBR14/PI staining, and DNA integrity using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). d-Penicillamine had no effect on motility of ejaculated sperm (P>0.05) but reduced total and progressive motility of epididymal sperm. Sperm chromatin integrity was not influenced by storage time, seminal plasma or d-penicillamine. In short, adding d-penicillamine to a commercial semen extender was neither beneficial nor detrimental to the maintenance of quality in ejaculated semen stored at 5°C. The negative effect on motility of epididymal sperm may reflect differences in (membrane) physiology of spermatozoa that have not been exposed to seminal plasma.
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Meisrimler CN, Schwendke A, Lüthje S. Two-dimensional phos-tag zymograms for tracing phosphoproteins by activity in-gel staining. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:230. [PMID: 25926840 PMCID: PMC4396385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications regulating many cellular processes. The phos-tag technology was combined with two-dimensional zymograms, which consisted of non-reducing IEF PAGE or NEPHGE in the first dimension and high resolution clear native electrophoresis (hrCNE) in the second dimension. The combination of these electrophoresis methods was mild enough to accomplish in-gel activity staining for Fe(III)-reductases by NADH/Fe(III)-citrate/ferrozine, 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine/H2O2 or TMB/H2O2 in the second dimension. The phos-tag zymograms can be used to investigate phosphorylation-dependent changes in enzyme activity. Phos-tag zymograms can be combined with further downstream analysis like mass spectrometry. Non-reducing IEF will resolve proteins with a pI of 3-10, whereas non-reducing NEPHGE finds application for alkaline proteins with a pI higher than eight. Advantages and disadvantages of these new methods will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler
- Plant Physiology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of HamburgHamburg, Germany
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie, Environnementale et de BiotechnologieSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Alexandra Schwendke
- Plant Physiology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of HamburgHamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Lüthje
- Plant Physiology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of HamburgHamburg, Germany
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59
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Lilienthal S, Drotleff AM, Ternes W. Changes in the protein secondary structure of hen's egg yolk determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during the first eight days of incubation. Poult Sci 2015; 94:68-79. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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60
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Li S, Liu F, Niu F, Gu L, Su Y, Yang Y. Purification of phosvitin phosphopeptides using macro-mesoporous TiO2. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purification of phosvitin phosphopeptides from egg-yolk protein hydrolysates using macro-mesoporous TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Fuge Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
- School of Food Science and Technology
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61
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Intarasirisawat R, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W. Stability of emulsion containing skipjack roe protein hydrolysate modified by oxidised tannic acid. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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62
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Yu Z, Yin Y, Zhao W, Chen F, Liu J. Application and bioactive properties of proteins and peptides derived from hen eggs: opportunities and challenges. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2839-2845. [PMID: 24652758 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides that are released in vitro and/or in vivo from hen eggs are biologically active and have a variety of functional properties in humans beyond normal nutrition, for which extensive studies have been performed. This review focuses on their biological activities, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiadhesive, immunomodulatory and antithrombotic activities and enhancement of mineral absorption. These proteins and peptides have been shown to regulate the nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system and gastrointestinal system. The potential application and future directions of research on these bioactive peptides and proteins in the food industry are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China; Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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63
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Eckert E, Zambrowicz A, Pokora M, Setner B, Dąbrowska A, Szołtysik M, Szewczuk Z, Polanowski A, Trziszka T, Chrzanowska J. Egg-yolk protein by-product as a source of ACE-inhibitory peptides obtained with using unconventional proteinase from Asian pumpkin (Cucurbita ficifolia). J Proteomics 2014; 110:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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64
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Duan X, Zhou Y, Li M, Wu F, Yang N, Xu J, Chen H, Jin Z, Xu X. Postfertilization changes in conformation of egg yolk phosvitin and biological activities of phosphopeptides. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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65
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Comparison of a novel TiO2/diatomite composite and pure TiO2 for the purification of phosvitin phosphopeptides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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66
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Cupisti A, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Management of natural and added dietary phosphorus burden in kidney disease. Semin Nephrol 2013; 33:180-90. [PMID: 23465504 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus retention occurs from higher dietary phosphorus intake relative to its renal excretion or dialysis removal. In the gastrointestinal tract the naturally existing organic phosphorus is only partially (∼60%) absorbable; however, this absorption varies widely and is lower for plant-based phosphorus including phytate (<40%) and higher for foods enhanced with inorganic phosphorus-containing preservatives (>80%). The latter phosphorus often remains unrecognized by patients and health care professionals, even though it is widely used in contemporary diets, in particular, low-cost foods. In a nonenhanced mixed diet, digestible phosphorus correlates closely with total protein content, making protein-rich foods a main source of natural phosphorus. Phosphorus burden is limited more appropriately in predialysis patients who are on a low-protein diet (∼0.6 g/kg/d), whereas dialysis patients who require higher protein intake (∼1.2 g/kg/d) are subject to a higher dietary phosphorus load. An effective and patient-friendly approach to reduce phosphorus intake without depriving patients of adequate proteins is to educate patients to avoid foods with high phosphorus relative to protein such as egg yolk and those with high amounts of phosphorus-based preservatives such as certain soft drinks and enhanced cheese and meat. Phosphorus rich foods should be prepared by boiling, which reduces phosphorus as well as sodium and potassium content, or by other types of cooking-induced demineralization. The dose of phosphorus-binding therapy should be adjusted separately for the amount and absorbability of phosphorus in each meal. Dietician counseling to address the emerging aspects of dietary phosphorus management is instrumental for achieving a reduction of phosphorus load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamasco Cupisti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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67
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Sun J, Liu Y, Su Y, Xia W, Yang Y. Highly efficient enrichment of phosvitin phosphopeptides by novel magnetic carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles decorated with Fe (III) ions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 915-916:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Volk SP, Ahn DU, Zeece M, Jung S. Effects of high-pressure processing and enzymatic dephosphorylation on phosvitin properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:3095-3098. [PMID: 22777915 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Egg phosvitin could be a good source of functional peptides. Enzymatic dephosphorylation and high-pressure processing combined with thermal treatment applied before proteolysis could produce phosvitin hydrolysates with different properties compared to its native form. RESULTS Phosvitin structure was maintained overall during high-pressure treatment of 600 MPa applied at an initial temperature of 65 °C regardless of the pH and duration of treatment, confirming the high structural stability of this phosphoprotein. Treatment of phosvitin with phosphatase increased the degree of dephosphorylation from 24% to 63%, after 2 and 18 h, respectively. Moderate dephosphorylation of phosvitin prior to proteolytic digestion improved its hydrolysis, allowing formation of peptides with a molecular weight lower than 17,000 kDa as determined by size exclusion chromatography. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition and antioxidant activity of dephosphorylated and protease-treated phosvitin was increased by 52% and 39%, respectively, as compared to protease-digested native phosvitin. CONCLUSION Enzymatic dephosphorylation before proteolysis mimicking in vivo gut conditions improved ACE inhibition and antioxidant activity of phosvitin hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P Volk
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1061, USA
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69
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Yu Z, Yin Y, Zhao W, Liu J, Chen F. Anti-diabetic activity peptides from albumin against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Food Chem 2012; 135:2078-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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70
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Bess F, Vieira S, Favero A, Cruz R, Nascimento P. Dietary iron effects on broiler breeder performance and egg iron contents. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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71
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Bohin MC, Vincken JP, van der Hijden HTWM, Gruppen H. Efficacy of food proteins as carriers for flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4136-43. [PMID: 22486637 DOI: 10.1021/jf205292r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of flavonoids in food is often limited by their off-tastes, which might be counteracted by the use of food proteins as carriers of flavonoids. Various milk proteins, egg proteins, and gelatin hydrolysates were compared for their binding characteristics to two flavan-3-ols. Among the proteins tested for their affinities toward epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), β-casein and gelatin hydrolysates, in particular fish gelatin, were found to be the most promising carriers with an affinity on the order of 10(4) M(-1). A flexible open structure of proteins, as present in random coil proteins, was found to be important. The saturation of binding observed at high flavonoid/protein ratios was used to estimate the maximal binding capacity of each protein. To reach a daily intake of EGCG that has been associated with positive health effects, only 519 mg of gelatin B and 787 mg of β-casein were required to complex EGCG on the basis of their maximal binding capacity. When the absence of turbidity is taken into account, β-casein prevails as carrier. Three selected proteins were further investigated for their binding potential of representative flavonoids differing in their C-ring structure. An increase in hydrophobicity of flavonoids was related to a higher affinity for proteins, and the presence of a gallic acid ester on the C-ring showed an overall higher affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime C Bohin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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