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Latzel V, Janeček Š, Doležal J, Klimešová J, Bossdorf O. Adaptive transgenerational plasticity in the perennialPlantago lanceolata. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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52
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Rice KJ, Gerlach JD, Dyer AR, McKay JK. Evolutionary ecology along invasion fronts of the annual grass Aegilops triuncialis. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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53
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Oakley CG. Small effective size limits performance in a novel environment. Evol Appl 2013; 6:823-831. [PMID: 29387168 PMCID: PMC5779127 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding what limits or facilitates species' responses to human‐induced habitat change can provide insight for the control of invasive species and the conservation of small populations, as well as an arena for studying adaptation to realistic novel environments. Small effective size of ancestral populations could limit the establishment in, or response to, a novel or altered habitat because of low genetic variation for ecologically important traits, and/or because small populations harbor fixed deleterious mutations. I estimated the fitness of individuals from populations of the endangered plant Hypericum cumulicola, of known census and effective size, transplanted into native scrub habitat and unpaved roadsides, which are a novel habitat for this species. I found a significant positive relationship between estimates of population size and mean fitness, but only in the novel roadside habitat. Fitness was more than 200% greater in the roadside habitat than the scrub, mostly due to increased fecundity. These results combined with previous estimates of heterosis in this species suggest that fixed deleterious mutations could contribute to lower fitness of field transplants from small populations in the novel environment.
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Piiroinen S, Lyytinen A, Lindström L. Stress for invasion success? Temperature stress of preceding generations modifies the response to insecticide stress in an invasive pest insect. Evol Appl 2012; 6:313-23. [PMID: 23467574 PMCID: PMC3586620 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to stressful environments is one important factor influencing species invasion success. Tolerance to one stress may be complicated by exposure to other stressors experienced by the preceding generations. We studied whether parental temperature stress affects tolerance to insecticide in the invasive Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Field-collected pyrethroid-resistant beetles were reared under either stressful (17°C) or favourable (23°C) insecticide-free environments for three generations. Then, larvae were exposed to pyrethroid insecticides in common garden conditions (23°C). Beetles were in general tolerant to stress. The parental temperature stress alone affected beetles positively (increased adult weight) but it impaired their tolerance to insecticide exposure. In contrast, offspring from the favourable temperature regime showed compensatory weight gain in response to insecticide exposure. Our study emphasizes the potential of cross-generational effects modifying species stress tolerance. When resistant pest populations invade benign environments, a re-application of insecticides may enhance their performance via hormetic effects. In turn, opposite effects may arise if parental generations have been exposed to temperature stress. Thus, the outcome of management practices of invasive pest species is difficult to predict unless we also incorporate knowledge of the evolutionary and recent (preceding generations) stress history of the given populations into pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Piiroinen
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Research, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
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56
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Transgenerational defense induction and epigenetic inheritance in plants. Trends Ecol Evol 2012; 27:618-26. [PMID: 22940222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly accumulating evidence shows that herbivore and pathogen attack of plants can generate particular defense phenotypes across generations. What was once thought to be an oddity of plant defense induction now appears to be a taxonomically widespread phenomenon with strong potential to impact the ecology and evolution of species interactions. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small RNAs each contribute to transgenerational defense initiation; examples in several species demonstrate that this induction can last for multiple generations. Priming of the offspring generation for more rapid induction following subsequent attack has also been reported. The extent to which transgenerational induction is predictable, detectable in nature, and subject to manipulation will determine the ability of researchers to decipher its role in plant-herbivore and plant-pathogen interactions.
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Herman JJ, Sultan SE, Horgan-Kobelski T, Riggs C. Adaptive transgenerational plasticity in an annual plant: grandparental and parental drought stress enhance performance of seedlings in dry soil. Integr Comp Biol 2012; 52:77-88. [PMID: 22523124 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ics041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful parental (usually maternal) environments can dramatically influence expression of traits in offspring, in some cases resulting in phenotypes that are adaptive to the inducing stress. The ecological and evolutionary impact of such transgenerational plasticity depends on both its persistence across generations and its adaptive value. Few studies have examined both aspects of transgenerational plasticity within a given system. Here we report the results of a growth-chamber study of adaptive transgenerational plasticity across two generations, using the widespread annual plant Polygonum persicaria as a naturally evolved model system. We grew five inbred Polygonum genetic lines in controlled dry vs. moist soil environments for two generations in a fully factorial design, producing replicate individuals of each genetic line with all permutations of grandparental and parental environment. We then measured the effects of these two-generational stress histories on traits critical for functioning in dry soil, in a third (grandchild) generation of seedling offspring raised in the dry treatment. Both grandparental and parental moisture environment significantly influenced seedling development: seedlings of drought-stressed grandparents or parents produced longer root systems that extended deeper and faster into dry soil compared with seedlings of the same genetic lines whose grandparents and/or parents had been amply watered. Offspring of stressed individuals also grew to a greater biomass than offspring of nonstressed parents and grandparents. Importantly, the effects of drought were cumulative over the course of two generations: when both grandparents and parents were drought-stressed, offspring had the greatest provisioning, germinated earliest, and developed into the largest seedlings with the most extensive root systems. Along with these functionally appropriate developmental effects, seedlings produced after two previous drought-stressed generations had significantly greater survivorship in very dry soil than did seedlings with no history of drought. These findings show that plastic responses to naturalistic resource stresses experienced by grandparents and parents can "preadapt" offspring for functioning under the same stresses in ways that measurably influence realized fitness. Possible implications of these environmentally-induced, inherited adaptations are discussed with respect to ecological distribution, persistence under novel stresses, and evolution in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Herman
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, USA
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58
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Pichancourt JB, van Klinken RD. Phenotypic plasticity influences the size, shape and dynamics of the geographic distribution of an invasive plant. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32323. [PMID: 22384216 PMCID: PMC3288080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has long been suspected to allow invasive species to expand their geographic range across large-scale environmental gradients. We tested this possibility in Australia using a continental scale survey of the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Fabaceae) in twenty-three sites distributed across four climate regions and three habitat types. Using tree-level responses, we detected a trade-off between seed mass and seed number across the moisture gradient. Individual trees plastically and reversibly produced many small seeds at dry sites or years, and few big seeds at wet sites and years. Bigger seeds were positively correlated with higher seed and seedling survival rates. The trade-off, the relation between seed mass, seed and seedling survival, and other fitness components of the plant life-cycle were integrated within a matrix population model. The model confirms that the plastic response resulted in average fitness benefits across the life-cycle. Plasticity resulted in average fitness being positively maintained at the wet and dry range margins where extinction risks would otherwise have been high (“Jack-of-all-Trades” strategy JT), and fitness being maximized at the species range centre where extinction risks were already low (“Master-of-Some” strategy MS). The resulting hybrid “Jack-and-Master” strategy (JM) broadened the geographic range and amplified average fitness in the range centre. Our study provides the first empirical evidence for a JM species. It also confirms mechanistically the importance of phenotypic plasticity in determining the size, the shape and the dynamic of a species distribution. The JM allows rapid and reversible phenotypic responses to new or changing moisture conditions at different scales, providing the species with definite advantages over genetic adaptation when invading diverse and variable environments. Furthermore, natural selection pressure acting on phenotypic plasticity is predicted to result in maintenance of the JT and strengthening of the MS, further enhancing the species invasiveness in its range centre.
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59
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Herman JJ, Sultan SE. Adaptive transgenerational plasticity in plants: case studies, mechanisms, and implications for natural populations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:102. [PMID: 22639624 PMCID: PMC3355592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental conditions not only by plastic changes to their own development and physiology, but also by altering the phenotypes expressed by their offspring. This transgenerational plasticity was initially considered to entail only negative effects of stressful parental environments, such as production of smaller seeds by resource- or temperature-stressed parent plants, and was therefore viewed as environmental noise. Recent evolutionary ecology studies have shown that in some cases, these inherited environmental effects can include specific growth adjustments that are functionally adaptive to the parental conditions that induced them, which can range from contrasting states of controlled laboratory environments to the complex habitat variation encountered by natural plant populations. Preliminary findings suggest that adaptive transgenerational effects can be transmitted by means of diverse mechanisms including changes to seed provisioning and biochemistry, and epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation that can persist across multiple generations. These non-genetically inherited adaptations can influence the ecological breadth and evolutionary dynamics of plant taxa and promote the spread of invasive plants. Interdisciplinary studies that join mechanistic and evolutionary ecology approaches will be an important source of future insights.
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60
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Schulte PM, Healy TM, Fangue NA. Thermal Performance Curves, Phenotypic Plasticity, and the Time Scales of Temperature Exposure. Integr Comp Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/icb%2ficr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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61
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Bernatchez L, Tseng M. Evolutionary applications summer 2011. Evol Appl 2011; 4:617-20. [PMID: 25568009 PMCID: PMC3352538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernatchez
- Département de biologie, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada e-mail:
| | - Michelle Tseng
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada e-mail:
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Schulte PM, Healy TM, Fangue NA. Thermal Performance Curves, Phenotypic Plasticity, and the Time Scales of Temperature Exposure. Integr Comp Biol 2011; 51:691-702. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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63
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Schuler MS, Orrock JL. The maladaptive significance of maternal effects for plants in anthropogenically modified environments. Evol Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-011-9499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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64
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Vanderhoeven S, Brown CS, Tepolt CK, Tsutsui ND, Vanparys V, Atkinson S, Mahy G, Monty A. Linking concepts in the ecology and evolution of invasive plants: network analysis shows what has been most studied and identifies knowledge gaps. Evol Appl 2010; 3:193-202. [PMID: 25567919 PMCID: PMC3352479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00116.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, a growing number of studies have addressed connections between ecological and evolutionary concepts in biologic invasions. These connections may be crucial for understanding the processes underlying invaders' success. However, the extent to which scientists have worked on the integration of the ecology and evolution of invasive plants is poorly documented, as few attempts have been made to evaluate these efforts in invasion biology research. Such analysis can facilitate recognize well-documented relationships and identify gaps in our knowledge. In this study, we used a network-based method for visualizing the connections between major aspects of ecology and evolution in the primary research literature. Using the family Poaceae as an example, we show that ecological concepts were more studied and better interconnected than were evolutionary concepts. Several possible connections were not documented at all, representing knowledge gaps between ecology and evolution of invaders. Among knowledge gaps, the concepts of plasticity, gene flow, epigenetics and human influence were particularly under-connected. We discuss five possible research avenues to better understand the relationships between ecology and evolution in the success of Poaceae, and of alien plants in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vanderhoeven
- Laboratory of Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Carolyn K Tepolt
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Neil D Tsutsui
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California-Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Valérie Vanparys
- Laboratory of Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sheryl Atkinson
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Grégory Mahy
- Laboratory of Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Monty
- Laboratory of Ecology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege Gembloux, Belgium
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