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Zhang H, Chen X, Zong B, Yuan H, Wang Z, Wei Y, Wang X, Liu G, Zhang J, Li S, Cheng G, Wang Y, Ma Y. Gypenosides improve diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4437-4448. [PMID: 29993180 PMCID: PMC6111804 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays an important role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which may relate to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gypenosides (Gps), the major ingredients of Gynostemma pentaphylla (Thunb.) Makino, have exerted the properties of anti-hyperglycaemia and anti-inflammation, but whether Gps improve myocardial damage and the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that high glucose (HG) induced myocardial damage by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and then promoting IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in H9C2 cells and NRVMs. Meanwhile, HG elevated the production of ROS, which was vital to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, the ROS activated the NLRP3 inflammasome mainly by cytochrome c influx into the cytoplasm and binding to NLRP3. Inhibition of ROS and cytochrome c dramatically down-regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improved the cardiomyocyte damage induced by HG, which was also detected in cells treated by Gps. Furthermore, Gps also reduced the levels of the C-reactive proteins (CRPs), IL-1β and IL-18, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequently improved myocardial damage in vivo. These findings provide a mechanism that ROS induced by HG activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by cytochrome c binding to NLRP3 and that Gps may be potential and effective drugs for DCM via the inhibition of ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Pathology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Beibei Zong
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hongmin Yuan
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yinxiang Wei
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuance Wang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shulian Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Ng HH, Leo CH, Parry LJ, Ritchie RH. Relaxin as a Therapeutic Target for the Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:501. [PMID: 29867503 PMCID: PMC5962677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality in patients with diabetes. This is closely associated with both macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes, which lead to organ injuries in diabetic patients. Previous studies have consistently demonstrated the beneficial effects of relaxin treatment for protection of the vasculature, with evidence of antioxidant and anti-remodeling actions. Relaxin enhances nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-type-mediated relaxation in various vascular beds. These effects of relaxin on the systemic vasculature, coupled with its cardiac actions, reduce pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and pulmonary artery pressure. This results in an overall decrease in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance in heart failure patients. The anti-fibrotic actions of relaxin are well established, a desirable property in the context of diabetes. Further, relaxin ameliorates diabetic wound healing, with accelerated angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Relaxin-mediated stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1-α, as well as regulation of metalloproteinase expression, ameliorates cardiovascular fibrosis in diabetic mice. In the heart, relaxin is a cardioprotective molecule in several experimental animal models, exerting anti-fibrotic, anti-hypertrophy and anti-apoptotic effects in diabetic pathologies. Collectively, these studies provide a foundation to propose the therapeutic potential for relaxin as an adjunctive agent in the prevention or treatment of diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the beneficial effects of relaxin, and identifies its therapeutic possibilities for alleviating diabetes-related cardiovascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi Hooi Ng
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laura J. Parry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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