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Efficacy of various side-to-side toothbrushes and impact of brushing parameters on noncontact biofilm removal in an interdental space model. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1565-1577. [PMID: 27757550 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of four different side-to-side toothbrushes and the impact of various brushing parameters on noncontact biofilm removal in an adjustable interdental space model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-species biofilm, consisting of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus sanguinis, was formed in vitro on protein-coated titanium disks using a flow chamber combined with a static biofilm growth model. Subsequently, the biofilm-coated disks were exposed to four different powered toothbrushes (A, B, C, D). The parameters distance (0 and 1 mm), brushing time (2, 4, and 6 s), interdental space width (1, 2, and 3 mm), and toothbrush angulation (45° and 90°) were tested. The biofilm volumes were determined using volumetric analyses with confocal laser scanning microscope (Zeiss LSM700) images and Imaris version 7.7.2 software. RESULTS The median percentages of simulated interdental biofilm reduction by the tested toothbrushes ranged from 7 to 64 %. The abilities of the analyzed toothbrushes to reduce the in vitro biofilm differed significantly (p < 0.05). Three of the tested toothbrushes (A, B, C) were able to significantly reduce a simulated interdental biofilm by noncontact brushing (p ≤ 0.005). The brushing parameters and their combinations tested in the experiments revealed only minor effects on in vitro interdental biofilm reduction (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A three-species in vitro biofilm could be altered by noncontact brushing with toothbrushes A, B, and C in an artificial interdental space model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Certain side-to-side toothbrushes demonstrate in vitro a high efficacy in interdental biofilm removal without bristle-to-biofilm contact.
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Eggmann F, Connert T, Bühler J, Dagassan-Berndt D, Weiger R, Walter C. Do periapical and periodontal pathologies affect Schneiderian membrane appearance? Systematic review of studies using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1611-1630. [PMID: 27585589 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review analyzed the relationship between periapical and periodontal pathologies in the posterior maxilla and the appearance of the Schneiderian membrane in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) compared with sound dentitions. METHODS Five electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, OpenGrey, PubMed, Web of Science), complemented by hand searching, were screened up to May 9, 2016. Human clinical studies that used CBCT and contained information on the periapical/periodontal status in the posterior maxilla and Schneiderian membrane appearance were included. A weighted vote counting (WVC) method was applied to summarize results across studies. RESULTS Out of 413 records, 20 studies were included. In the WVC, the studies that observed a positive association between periapical lesions and the appearance of the Schneiderian membrane outweighed those that found no such association (WVC 51 % and WVC 33 %, respectively), with some studies yielding indeterminate results (WVC 16 %). Regarding the relation between periodontal pathologies and the appearance of the Schneiderian membrane, WVC produced a tie between studies demonstrating a positive association (WVC 46 %) and those showing no association (WVC 44 %); one study (WVC 10 %) reported indeterminate results. CONCLUSIONS On CBCT scans, periapical lesions in the posterior maxilla are likely to be associated with Schneiderian membrane thickening. In contrast, current evidence regarding the relation between periodontal diseases and the appearance of the Schneiderian membrane in CBCT is inconclusive. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Incidental maxillary sinus findings on CBCT scans warrant thorough differential diagnosis. Frequently, they may be related to dental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Eggmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Connert
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Bühler
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Dagassan-Berndt
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, University Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Influence of proximal box elevation technique on marginal integrity of adhesively luted Cerec inlays. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:607-612. [PMID: 27507168 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study evaluated the marginal quality of Lava Ultimate inlays in deep proximal cavities with and without proximal box elevation (PBE) before and after thermomechanical loading (TML). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesio-occluso-distal cavities with proximal boxes beneath the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) were prepared in 24 human molars. Then, one of the proximal boxes was elevated with Filtek Supreme above the CEJ. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 8). The inlays of group A were adhesively luted to the cavities with Scotchbond Universal and Rely X Ultimate, the inlays of group B with Monobond Plus, Syntac, and Variolink II, and the inlays of group C with Clearfil Ceramic Primer and Panavia SA Cement. Epoxy resin replicas were taken before and after thermomechanical loading (1,200,000 cycles, 55 °C/5 °C, max. load 50 N). Marginal integrity at the different interfaces tooth/PBE, tooth/dentine, inlay/PBE, inlay/dentine was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (×200). The percentage of continuous margin (% of total proximal margin length) was compared between the groups before and after TML. STATISTICS Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05). RESULTS No significant differences (p > 0.05) before and after TML were found between the three groups for bonding the inlay to dentine or to PBE composite. CONCLUSIONS The marginal integrities of bonding inlays directly to dentine are not different from bonding inlays to a proximal box, which has been elevated by a composite filling material. For deep proximal cavities, the PBE technique could be an alternative technique to conventional methods. Clinical research is needed to confirm.
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Zanardi PR, Laia Rocha Zanardi R, Chaib Stegun R, Sesma N, Costa BN, Cruz Laganá D. The Use of the Digital Smile Design Concept as an Auxiliary Tool in Aesthetic Rehabilitation: A Case Report. Open Dent J 2016; 10:28-34. [PMID: 27006721 PMCID: PMC4780488 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The digital smile design is a practical diagnosis method that can assist the clinician to visualize and measure dentogingival discrepancies. This clinical report aims to present the associated steps, from the diagnosis of the alterations diagnosis through to the final aesthetic result. A 37-years-old female patient presented as her main complaint the tooth form and colour discrepancies. Applying the digital smile design principle, the necessary measures for a harmonic smile correction could be accurately determined. The initial diagnosis led to a wax up of the master cast that was duplicated in acrylic resin directly in the mouth. This temporary restoration guided the periodontal surgery and the final pressed ceramic crown restoration. We conclude that the digital smile design concept seems to be a useful tool to achieve a satisfactory aesthetic result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Rocha Zanardi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Chaib Stegun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Newton Sesma
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bru-No Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalva Cruz Laganá
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abou-Arraj RV, Majzoub ZAK, Holmes CM, Geisinger ML, Geurs NC. Healing Time for Final Restorative Therapy After Surgical Crown Lengthening Procedures: A Review of Related Evidence. Clin Adv Periodontics 2015; 5:131-139. [DOI: 10.1902/cap.2014.140014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bühler J, Amato M, Weiger R, Walter C. A systematic review on the effects of air polishing devices on oral tissues. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 14:15-28. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bühler
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - M Amato
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - R Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - C Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery; School of Dentistry; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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Bühler J, Amato M, Weiger R, Walter C. A systematic review on the patient perception of periodontal treatment using air polishing devices. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 14:4-14. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bühler
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - M Amato
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - R Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - C Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery; School of Dentistry; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
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Ilgenstein I, Zitzmann NU, Bühler J, Wegehaupt FJ, Attin T, Weiger R, Krastl G. Influence of proximal box elevation on the marginal quality and fracture behavior of root-filled molars restored with CAD/CAM ceramic or composite onlays. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1021-8. [PMID: 25248949 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the influence of proximal box elevation (PBE) with composite resin when applied to deep proximal defects in root-filled molars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities, which were subsequently restored with computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic or composite restorations. MATERIALS AND METHOD Root canal treatment was performed on 48 human mandibular molars. Standardized MOD cavities were prepared with the distal box located 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The teeth were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups (n = 12). In groups G1 and G2, the distal proximal box was elevated up to the level of the CEJ with composite resin (PBE). No elevation was performed in the remaining two groups (G3, G4). CAD/CAM restorations were fabricated with feldspathic ceramic (Vita Mark II, CER) in groups G1 (PBE-CER) and G3 (CER) or with resin nano-ceramic blocks (Lava Ultimate, LAV) in groups G2 (PBE-LAV) and G4 (LAV). Replicas were taken before and after thermomechanical loading (TML; 1.2 Mio cycles; 49 N; 3,000 thermocycles between 50 °C and 5 °C). Following TML, load was applied until failure. Fracture analysis was performed under a stereomicroscope (×16). Marginal quality before and after TML (tooth restoration, composite restoration) was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (×200). RESULTS After TML, lower percentages of continuous margins were observed in groups G1-G3 compared with pre-TML assessments; however, the differences were not statistically significant. For group G4-LAV, the marginal quality after TML was significantly better than in any other group. The highest mean fracture value was recorded for group G4. No significant difference was found for this value between the groups with PBE compared with the groups without PBE, regardless of the material used. The specimens restored with ceramic onlays exhibited fractures that were mainly restricted to the restoration while, in teeth restored with composite onlays, the percentage of catastrophic failures (fractures beyond bone level) was increased. CONCLUSION PBE had no impact on either the marginal integrity or the fracture behavior of root canal-treated mandibular molars restored with feldspathic ceramic onlays. CAD/CAM-fabricated composite onlays were more favorable than ceramic onlays in terms of both marginal quality and fracture resistance, particularly in specimens without PBE. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Composite onlays with or without PBE may be a viable approach for the restoration of root-filled molars with subgingival MOD cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ilgenstein
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 3, 4056, Basel, Switzerland,
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Zweers J, Thomas RZ, Slot DE, Weisgold AS, Van der Weijden FGA. Characteristics of periodontal biotype, its dimensions, associations and prevalence: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:958-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Zweers
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Renske Z. Thomas
- Clinic for Periodontology and Implantology; Zwolle The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar E. Slot
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Arnold S. Weisgold
- Department of Periodontics; University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine; Philadelphia PA USA
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Schmidt JC, Walter C, Amato M, Weiger R. Treatment of periodontal-endodontic lesions - a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:779-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Schmidt
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Clemens Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Mauro Amato
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Roland Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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Irie K, Novince CM, Darveau RP. Impact of the Oral Commensal Flora on Alveolar Bone Homeostasis. J Dent Res 2014; 93:801-6. [PMID: 24935067 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514540173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of healthy periodontal tissues is affected by innate and adaptive immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora. Recent comparisons of germ-free (GF) and normal specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice have revealed the impact of host immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora on alveolar bone height. Prior reports that alveolar bone height is significantly less in normal SPF mice compared with their age- and strain-matched GF counterparts suggest that naturally occurring alveolar bone loss is a normal component of healthy periodontal tissue homeostasis. In this report, histomorphometric analyses confirmed increased alveolar bone loss and revealed increased numbers of TRAP+ osteoclastic cells lining the alveolar bone surface in SPF compared with GF mice. Increased numbers of RANKL+ cells and IL17+ cells in the periodontium of SPF mice demonstrate possible molecular mechanisms mediating the up-regulated osteoclastogenesis and alveolar bone loss in SPF mice compared with GF mice. Increased numbers of T-lymphocytic cells and T-helper cells in the junctional epithelium of SPF mice compared with GF mice suggest that the adaptive immune response contributes to physiologic alveolar bone loss in the healthy periodontium. This GF animal model study notably begins to elucidate the impact of host immunosurveillance mechanisms in response to the normal oral flora, mediating catabolic alveolar bone homeostasis in the healthy periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Irie
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - C M Novince
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - R P Darveau
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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