51
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Guo C, Geng Y, Song F, Huo Y, Wu X, Lv J, Ge A, Fan W. Mild hypothermia protects rat neuronal injury after intracerebral hemorrhage via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum response induced neuron apoptosis. Neurosci Lett 2016; 635:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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52
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Johnson ECB, Kang J. A small molecule targeting protein translation does not rescue spatial learning and memory deficits in the hAPP-J20 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2565. [PMID: 27781164 PMCID: PMC5075699 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A small molecule named ISRIB has recently been described to enhance memory in rodents. In this study we aimed to test whether ISRIB would reverse learning and memory deficits in the J20 mouse model of human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) overexpression, a model that simulates many aspects of Alzheimer’s disease in which memory deficits are a hallmark feature. We did not observe a significant rescue effect with ISRIB treatment on spatial learning and memory as assessed in the Morris water maze in J20 mice. We also did not observe a significant enhancement of spatial learning or memory in nontransgenic mice with ISRIB treatment, although a trend emerged for memory enhancement in one cohort of mice. Future preclinical studies with ISRIB would benefit from additional robust markers of target engagement in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C B Johnson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, University of California -San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jing Kang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes , San Francisco , CA , United States
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53
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Betts HM, Milicevic Sephton S, Tong C, Awais RO, Hill PJ, Perkins AC, Aigbirhio FI. Synthesis, in Vitro Evaluation, and Radiolabeling of Fluorinated Puromycin Analogues: Potential Candidates for PET Imaging of Protein Synthesis. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9422-9430. [PMID: 27690460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no ideal radiotracer for imaging of protein synthesis rate (PSR) by positron emission tomography (PET). Existing fluorine-18-labeled amino acid-based radiotracers predominantly visualize amino acid transporter processes, and in many cases they are not incorporated into nascent proteins at all. Others are radiolabeled with the short-half-life positron emitter carbon-11, which is rather impractical for many PET centers. Based on the puromycin (6) structural manifold, a series of 10 novel derivatives of 6 was prepared via Williamson ether synthesis from a common intermediate. A bioluminescence assay was employed to study their inhibitory action on protein synthesis, which identified the fluoroethyl analogue 7b as a lead compound. The fluorine-18 analogue was prepared via nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding tosylate precursor in a modest radiochemical yield of 2 ± 0.6% with excellent radiochemical purity (>99%) and showed complete stability over 3 h at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Betts
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, PET/CT Center, Nottingham City Hospital , Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, U.K
| | - Selena Milicevic Sephton
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Center, University of Cambridge , Box 65 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Carmen Tong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ramla O Awais
- Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Center , Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Philip J Hill
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham , Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, U.K
| | - Alan C Perkins
- Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Center , Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Molecular Imaging Chemistry Laboratory, Wolfson Brain Imaging Center, University of Cambridge , Box 65 Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
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54
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Freeman OJ, Mallucci GR. The UPR and synaptic dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2016; 1648:530-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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55
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Axten JM. Protein kinase R(PKR)–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) inhibitors: a patent review (2010-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 27:37-48. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1238072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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56
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Hakim V, Cohen LD, Zuchman R, Ziv T, Ziv NE. The effects of proteasomal inhibition on synaptic proteostasis. EMBO J 2016; 35:2238-2262. [PMID: 27613546 PMCID: PMC5069550 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic function crucially depends on uninterrupted synthesis and degradation of synaptic proteins. While much has been learned on synaptic protein synthesis, little is known on the routes by which synaptic proteins are degraded. Here we systematically studied how inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) affects the degradation rates of thousands of neuronal and synaptic proteins. We identified a group of proteins, including several proteins related to glutamate receptor trafficking, whose degradation rates were significantly slowed by UPS inhibition. Unexpectedly, however, degradation rates of most synaptic proteins were not significantly affected. Interestingly, many of the differential effects of UPS inhibition were readily explained by a quantitative framework that considered known metabolic turnover rates for the same proteins. In contrast to the limited effects on protein degradation, UPS inhibition profoundly and preferentially suppressed the synthesis of a large number of synaptic proteins. Our findings point to the importance of the UPS in the degradation of certain synaptic proteins, yet indicate that under basal conditions most synaptic proteins might be degraded through alternative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Hakim
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Haifa, Israel.,Network Biology Research Laboratories, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Laurie D Cohen
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Haifa, Israel.,Network Biology Research Laboratories, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rina Zuchman
- Smoler Proteomics Center, Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Proteomics Center, Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam E Ziv
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Haifa, Israel .,Network Biology Research Laboratories, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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57
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Smith HL, Mallucci GR. The unfolded protein response: mechanisms and therapy of neurodegeneration. Brain 2016; 139:2113-21. [PMID: 27190028 PMCID: PMC4958893 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the unfolded protein response is emerging as a common theme in protein-misfolding neurodegenerative diseases, with relevant markers observed in patient tissue and mouse models. Genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the pathway in several mouse models has shown that this is not a passive consequence of the neurodegeneration process. Rather, overactivation of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK, encoded by EIF2AK3) branch of the unfolded protein response directly contributes to disease pathogenesis through the critical reduction in neuronal protein synthesis rates, essential for learning and memory and for neuronal survival. The pharmacological inhibition of this process in these models is strikingly neuroprotective, resulting in the discovery of the first small molecule preventing neurodegeneration and clinical disease in vivo. This now represents a potential generic approach for boosting memory and preventing neurodegeneration across the spectrum of these disorders, albeit with some exceptions, independent of disease-specific proteins. Targeting the unfolded protein response, and particularly PERK-branch mediated translational failure is thus an increasingly compelling strategy for new treatments for dementia and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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58
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Valenzuela V, Martínez G, Duran-Aniotz C, Hetz C. Gene therapy to target ER stress in brain diseases. Brain Res 2016; 1648:561-570. [PMID: 27131987 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy based on the use of Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) is emerging as a safe and stable strategy to target molecular pathways involved in a variety of brain diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is proposed as a transversal feature of most animal models and clinical samples from patients affected with neurodegenerative diseases. Manipulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a major homeostatic reaction under ER stress conditions, had proved beneficial in diverse models of neurodegeneration. Although increasing number of drugs are available to target ER stress, the use of small molecules to treat chronic brain diseases is challenging because of poor blood brain barrier permeability and undesirable side effects due to the role of the UPR in the physiology of peripheral organs. Gene therapy is currently considered a possible future alternative to circumvent these problems by the delivery of therapeutic agents to selective regions and cell types of the nervous system. Here we discuss current efforts to design gene therapy strategies to alleviate ER stress on a disease context. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Valenzuela
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
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59
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Injury to the nervous system: A look into the ER. Brain Res 2016; 1648:617-625. [PMID: 27117870 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injury to the central or peripheral nervous systems leads to the loss of cognitive and/or sensorimotor capabilities that still lack an effective treatment. Although injury to the nervous system involves multiple and complex molecular factors, alteration to protein homeostasis is emerging as a relevant pathological mechanism. In particular, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is proposed as a possible driver of neuronal dysfunction in conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke and damage to peripheral nerves. Importantly, manipulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a homeostatic pathway engaged by ER stress, has proved effective in improving cognitive and motor recovery after nervous system injury. Here we provide an overview on recent findings depicting a functional role of the UPR to the functional recovery after injury in the peripheral and central nervous systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
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60
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Hearn BR, Jaishankar P, Sidrauski C, Tsai JC, Vedantham P, Fontaine SD, Walter P, Renslo AR. Structure-Activity Studies of Bis-O-Arylglycolamides: Inhibitors of the Integrated Stress Response. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:870-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Hearn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and; Small Molecule Discovery Center; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Priyadarshini Jaishankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and; Small Molecule Discovery Center; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Carmela Sidrauski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Jordan C. Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Punitha Vedantham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and; Small Molecule Discovery Center; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Shaun D. Fontaine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and; Small Molecule Discovery Center; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and; Small Molecule Discovery Center; University of California; San Francisco CA 94158 USA
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61
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Naranjo JR, Zhang H, Villar D, González P, Dopazo XM, Morón-Oset J, Higueras E, Oliveros JC, Arrabal MD, Prieto A, Cercós P, González T, De la Cruz A, Casado-Vela J, Rábano A, Valenzuela C, Gutierrez-Rodriguez M, Li JY, Mellström B. Activating transcription factor 6 derepression mediates neuroprotection in Huntington disease. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:627-38. [PMID: 26752648 DOI: 10.1172/jci82670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated protein and Ca2+ homeostasis underlie synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD); however, the factors that disrupt homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we determined that expression of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM), a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein, is reduced in murine in vivo and in vitro HD models and in HD patients. DREAM downregulation was observed early after birth and was associated with endogenous neuroprotection. In the R6/2 mouse HD model, induced DREAM haplodeficiency or blockade of DREAM activity by chronic administration of the drug repaglinide delayed onset of motor dysfunction, reduced striatal atrophy, and prolonged life span. DREAM-related neuroprotection was linked to an interaction between DREAM and the unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Repaglinide blocked this interaction and enhanced ATF6 processing and nuclear accumulation of transcriptionally active ATF6, improving prosurvival UPR function in striatal neurons. Together, our results identify a role for DREAM silencing in the activation of ATF6 signaling, which promotes early neuroprotection in HD.
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