51
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Huang R, Li Z, Mao C, Zhang H, Sun Z, Li H, Huang C, Feng Y, Shen X, Bucher M, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Cao Y, Duanmu D. Natural variation at OsCERK1 regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1762-1776. [PMID: 31484206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and land plants is essential for efficient nutrient acquisition and utilisation. Our understanding of key processes controlling the AMF colonisation in rice is still limited. Dongxiang wild rice (DY) exhibited a stronger colonisation with Rhizophagus irregularis than the rice cultivar Zhongzao 35 (ZZ35). Chromosome segment substitution lines were constructed and the OsCERK1 gene from DY was mapped. Transgenic plants in the japonica rice Zhonghua 11 (ZZ11) were constructed to compare root colonisation by AMF. Chromosome single-segment substitution lines containing OsCERK1DY showed higher phosphorus content and grain yield relative to ZZ35. Four amino acids substitutions were identified among the OsCERK1 haplotypes of DY, ZZ35 and ZH11 and two of these were in the second lysine-motif domain, which is essential for the differences of AMF colonisation level among rice varieties. Heterologous expression of OsCERK1DY in ZH11 significantly enhanced AMF colonisation and increased resistance against the pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae. Notably, the OsCERK1DY haplotype was absent from 4660 cultivated rice varieties. We conclude that OsCERK1 is a key gene affecting the symbiotic interaction with AMF and OsCERK1DY has the biotechnological potential to increase rice phosphorus acquisition and utilisation efficiency for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Nanchang Subcenter of Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cui Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Congcong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianhua Shen
- Nanchang Subcenter of Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Rice Physiology and Genetics of Jiangxi Province, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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52
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Volpe V, Carotenuto G, Berzero C, Cagnina L, Puech-Pagès V, Genre A. Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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53
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Huisman R, Geurts R. A Roadmap toward Engineered Nitrogen-Fixing Nodule Symbiosis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100019. [PMID: 33404552 PMCID: PMC7748023 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the late 19th century, it was discovered that legumes can establish a root nodule endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Soon after, the question was raised whether it is possible to transfer this trait to non-leguminous crops. In the past century, an ever-increasing amount of knowledge provided unique insights into the cellular, molecular, and genetic processes controlling this endosymbiosis. In addition, recent phylogenomic studies uncovered several genes that evolved to function specifically to control nodule formation and bacterial infection. However, despite this massive body of knowledge, the long-standing objective to engineer the nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait on non-leguminous crop plants has not been achieved yet. In this review, the unsolved questions and engineering strategies toward nitrogen-fixing nodulation in non-legume plants are discussed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Huisman
- Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Geurts
- Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands
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54
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Girardin A, Wang T, Ding Y, Keller J, Buendia L, Gaston M, Ribeyre C, Gasciolli V, Auriac MC, Vernié T, Bendahmane A, Ried MK, Parniske M, Morel P, Vandenbussche M, Schorderet M, Reinhardt D, Delaux PM, Bono JJ, Lefebvre B. LCO Receptors Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Are Functional for Rhizobia Perception in Legumes. Curr Biol 2019; 29:4249-4259.e5. [PMID: 31813608 PMCID: PMC6926482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are key mediators of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in legumes. The isolation of LCOs from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi suggested that LCOs are also signaling molecules in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). However, the corresponding plant receptors have remained uncharacterized. Here we show that petunia and tomato mutants in the LysM receptor-like kinases LYK10 are impaired in AM formation. Petunia and tomato LYK10 proteins have a high affinity for LCOs (Kd in the nM range) comparable to that previously reported for a legume LCO receptor essential for the RNS. Interestingly, the tomato and petunia LYK10 promoters, when introduced into a legume, were active in nodules similarly to the promoter of the legume orthologous gene. Moreover, tomato and petunia LYK10 coding sequences restored nodulation in legumes mutated in their orthologs. This combination of genetic and biochemical data clearly pinpoints Solanaceous LYK10 as part of an ancestral LCO perception system involved in AM establishment, which has been directly recruited during evolution of the RNS in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Girardin
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tongming Wang
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yi Ding
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Luis Buendia
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mégane Gaston
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Ribeyre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Gasciolli
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Auriac
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Plateforme Imagerie TRI-Genotoul, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Tatiana Vernié
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Martin Parniske
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Patrice Morel
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Martine Schorderet
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bono
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Benoit Lefebvre
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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55
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He J, Zhang C, Dai H, Liu H, Zhang X, Yang J, Chen X, Zhu Y, Wang D, Qi X, Li W, Wang Z, An G, Yu N, He Z, Wang YF, Xiao Y, Zhang P, Wang E. A LysM Receptor Heteromer Mediates Perception of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Signal in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1561-1576. [PMID: 31706032 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic microorganisms improve nutrient uptake by plants. To initiate mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plants perceive Myc factors, including lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and short-chain chitooligosaccharides (CO4/CO5), secreted by AM fungi. However, the molecular mechanism of Myc factor perception remains elusive. In this study, we identified a heteromer of LysM receptor-like kinases consisting of OsMYR1/OsLYK2 and OsCERK1 that mediates the perception of AM fungi in rice. CO4 directly binds to OsMYR1, promoting the dimerization and phosphorylation of this receptor complex. Compared with control plants, Osmyr1 and Oscerk1 mutant rice plants are less sensitive to Myc factors and show decreased AM colonization. We engineered transgenic rice by expressing chimeric receptors that respectively replaced the ectodomains of OsMYR1 and OsCERK1 with those from the homologous Nod factor receptors MtNFP and MtLYK3 of Medicago truncatula. Transgenic plants displayed increased calcium oscillations in response to Nod factors compared with control rice. Our study provides significant mechanistic insights into AM symbiotic signal perception in rice. Expression of chimeric Nod/Myc receptors achieves a potentially important step toward generating cereals that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huiling Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yayun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Weichao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guoyong An
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youli Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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56
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Feng F, Sun J, Radhakrishnan GV, Lee T, Bozsóki Z, Fort S, Gavrin A, Gysel K, Thygesen MB, Andersen KR, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J, Oldroyd GED. A combination of chitooligosaccharide and lipochitooligosaccharide recognition promotes arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in Medicago truncatula. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5047. [PMID: 31695035 PMCID: PMC6834629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants associate with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitating nutrient acquisition. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce chitooligosaccharides (COs) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), that promote symbiosis signalling with resultant oscillations in nuclear-associated calcium. The activation of symbiosis signalling must be balanced with activation of immunity signalling, which in fungal interactions is promoted by COs resulting from the chitinaceous fungal cell wall. Here we demonstrate that COs ranging from CO4-CO8 can induce symbiosis signalling in Medicago truncatula. CO perception is a function of the receptor-like kinases MtCERK1 and LYR4, that activate both immunity and symbiosis signalling. A combination of LCOs and COs act synergistically to enhance symbiosis signalling and suppress immunity signalling and receptors involved in both CO and LCO perception are necessary for mycorrhizal establishment. We conclude that LCOs, when present in a mix with COs, drive a symbiotic outcome and this mix of signals is essential for arbuscular mycorrhizal establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Feng
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Jongho Sun
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Guru V Radhakrishnan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Zoltán Bozsóki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Fort
- Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Aleksander Gavrin
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Kira Gysel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel B Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1871 C, Denmark
| | | | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK.
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57
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Venice F, Ghignone S, Salvioli di Fossalunga A, Amselem J, Novero M, Xianan X, Sędzielewska Toro K, Morin E, Lipzen A, Grigoriev IV, Henrissat B, Martin FM, Bonfante P. At the nexus of three kingdoms: the genome of the mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita provides insights into plant, endobacterial and fungal interactions. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:122-141. [PMID: 31621176 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As members of the plant microbiota, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycotina) symbiotically colonize plant roots. AMF also possess their own microbiota, hosting some uncultivable endobacteria. Ongoing research has revealed the genetics underlying plant responses to colonization by AMF, but the fungal side of the relationship remains in the dark. Here, we sequenced the genome of Gigaspora margarita, a member of the Gigasporaceae in an early diverging group of the Glomeromycotina. In contrast to other AMF, G. margarita may host distinct endobacterial populations and possesses the largest fungal genome so far annotated (773.104 Mbp), with more than 64% transposable elements. Other unique traits of the G. margarita genome include the expansion of genes for inorganic phosphate metabolism, the presence of genes for production of secondary metabolites and a considerable number of potential horizontal gene transfer events. The sequencing of G. margarita genome reveals the importance of its immune system, shedding light on the evolutionary pathways that allowed early diverging fungi to interact with both plants and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection-CNR, Turin Unit, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Xie Xianan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm in Guangdong Province, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kinga Sędzielewska Toro
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Morin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE), UMR, 1136, Champenoux, France
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13288, France.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Marseille, F-13288, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francis M Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE), UMR, 1136, Champenoux, France
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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58
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Chabaud M, Fournier J, Brichet L, Abdou-Pavy I, Imanishi L, Brottier L, Pirolles E, Hocher V, Franche C, Bogusz D, Wall LG, Svistoonoff S, Gherbi H, Barker DG. Chitotetraose activates the fungal-dependent endosymbiotic signaling pathway in actinorhizal plant species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223149. [PMID: 31600251 PMCID: PMC6786586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic plant-microbe associations are widespread in natural ecosystems and have made major contributions throughout the evolutionary history of terrestrial plants. Amongst the most remarkable of these are the so-called root endosymbioses, resulting from the intracellular colonization of host tissues by either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria that both provide key nutrients to the host in exchange for energy-rich photosynthates. Actinorhizal host plants, members of the Eurosid 1 clade, are able to associate with both AM fungi and nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes known as Frankia. Currently, little is known about the molecular signaling that allows these plants to recognize their fungal and bacterial partners. In this article, we describe the use of an in vivo Ca2+ reporter to identify symbiotic signaling responses to AM fungi in roots of both Casuarina glauca and Discaria trinervis, actinorhizal species with contrasting modes of Frankia colonization. This approach has revealed that, for both actinorhizal hosts, the short-chain chitin oligomer chitotetraose is able to mimic AM fungal exudates in activating the conserved symbiosis signaling pathway (CSSP) in epidermal root cells targeted by AM fungi. These results mirror findings in other AM host plants including legumes and the monocot rice. In addition, we show that chitotetraose is a more efficient elicitor of CSSP activation compared to AM fungal lipo-chitooligosaccharides. These findings reinforce the likely role of short-chain chitin oligomers during the initial stages of the AM association, and are discussed in relation to both our current knowledge about molecular signaling during Frankia recognition as well as the different microsymbiont root colonization mechanisms employed by actinorhizal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Chabaud
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Joëlle Fournier
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lukas Brichet
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Iltaf Abdou-Pavy
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Leandro Imanishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Soil Biological Interactions, Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Laurent Brottier
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Pirolles
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Hocher
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Franche
- Plant Diversity, Adaptation and Development (IRD/University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Plant Diversity, Adaptation and Development (IRD/University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
| | - Luis G. Wall
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Soil Biological Interactions, Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sergio Svistoonoff
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - Hassen Gherbi
- Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean Symbioses (IRD/INRA/CIRAD/University of Montpellier/Supagro), Montpellier, France
| | - David G. Barker
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions (INRA/CNRS/University of Toulouse), Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Zhang L, Yuan L, Staehelin C, Li Y, Ruan J, Liang Z, Xie Z, Wang W, Xie J, Huang S. The LYSIN MOTIF-CONTAINING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1 protein of banana is required for perception of pathogenic and symbiotic signals. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1530-1546. [PMID: 31059122 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
How plants can distinguish pathogenic and symbiotic fungi remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the role of MaLYK1, a lysin motif receptor kinase of banana. Live cell imaging techniques were used in localization studies. RNA interference (RNAi)-silenced transgenic banana plants were generated to analyze the biological role of MaLYK1. The MaLYK1 ectodomain, chitin beads, chitooligosaccharides (COs) and mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides (Myc-LCOs) were used in pulldown assays. Ligand-induced MaLYK1 complex formation was tested in immunoprecipitation experiments. Chimeric receptors were expressed in Lotus japonicus to characterize the function of the MaLYK1 kinase domain. MaLYK1 was localized to the plasma membrane. MaLYK1 expression was induced by Foc4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4) and diverse microbe-associated molecular patterns. MaLYK1-silenced banana lines showed reduced chitin-triggered defense responses, increased Foc4-induced disease symptoms and reduced mycorrhization. The MaLYK1 ectodomain was pulled down by chitin beads and LCOs or COs impaired this process. Ligand treatments induced MaLYK1 complex formation in planta. The kinase domain of MaLYK1 could functionally replace that of the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (AtCERK1) in Arabidopsis thaliana and of a rhizobial LCO (Nod factor) receptor (LjNFR1) in L. japonicus. MaLYK1 represents a central molecular switch that controls defense- and symbiosis-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Liangbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiuxiao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhenwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Shangzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Gibelin-Viala C, Amblard E, Puech-Pages V, Bonhomme M, Garcia M, Bascaules-Bedin A, Fliegmann J, Wen J, Mysore KS, le Signor C, Jacquet C, Gough C. The Medicago truncatula LysM receptor-like kinase LYK9 plays a dual role in immunity and the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1516-1529. [PMID: 31058335 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant -specific lysin-motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are implicated in the perception of N-acetyl glucosamine-containing compounds, some of which are important signal molecules in plant-microbe interactions. Among these, both lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs) are proposed as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal symbiotic signals. COs can also activate plant defence, although there are scarce data about CO production by pathogens, especially nonfungal pathogens. We tested Medicago truncatula mutants in the LysM-RLK MtLYK9 for their abilities to interact with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. This prompted us to analyse whether A. euteiches can produce COs. Compared with wild-type plants, Mtlyk9 mutants had fewer infection events and were less colonised by the AM fungus. By contrast, Mtlyk9 mutants were more heavily infected by A. euteiches and showed more disease symptoms. Aphanomyces euteiches was also shown to produce short COs, mainly CO II, but also CO III and CO IV, and traces of CO V, both ex planta and in planta. MtLYK9 thus has a dual role in plant immunity and the AM symbiosis, which raises questions about the functioning and the ancestral origins of such a receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Amblard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Puech-Pages
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Maxime Bonhomme
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Magali Garcia
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Adeline Bascaules-Bedin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Judith Fliegmann
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clare Gough
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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61
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Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Joshi S, Xue H, Kushalappa AC. Genome-wide in silico identification of LysM-RLK genes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5005-5017. [PMID: 31317454 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The receptor like kinases (RLKs) belong to the RLK/Pelle superfamily, one of the largest gene families in plants. RLKs play an important role in plant development, as well as in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The lysine motif receptor like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are a subfamily of RLKs containing at least one lysine motif (LysM) that are involved in the perception of elicitors or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In the present study, 77 putative RLKs genes and three receptor like proteins were identified in potato (Solanum tuberosum) genome, following a genome-wide search. The 77 potato RLK proteins are classified into two major phylogenetic groups based on their kinase domain amino acid sequence similarities. Out of 77 RLKs, 10 proteins had at least one LysM. Among them three RLP proteins were found in potato genome with either 2 or three tandem LysM but these lacked a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Expression analyses of a potato LysM-RLKs (StLysM-RLK05) was carried out by a Real time RT-PCR, following inoculation of potato leaves and immature tubers with late blight and common scab pathogens, respectively. The expression was significantly higher in resistant than in susceptible following S. scabies inoculation. The StLysM-RLK05 sequence was verified and it was polymorphic in scab susceptible cultivar. The present study provides an overview of the StLysM-RLKs gene family in potato genome. This information is helpful for future functional analysis of such an important protein family, in Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Nazarian-Firouzabadi
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.,Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sripad Joshi
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada
| | - Huali Xue
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.,College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ajjamada C Kushalappa
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X3V9, Canada.
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Abstract
Phosphorous is important for life but often limiting for plants. The symbiotic pathway of phosphate uptake via arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is evolutionarily ancient and today occurs in natural and agricultural ecosystems alike. Plants capable of this symbiosis can obtain up to all of the phosphate from symbiotic fungi, and this offers potential means to develop crops less dependent on unsustainable P fertilizers. Here, we review the mechanisms and insights gleaned from the fine-tuned signal exchanges that orchestrate the intimate mutualistic symbiosis between plants and AMF. As the currency of trade, nutrients have signaling functions beyond being the nutritional goal of mutualism. We propose that such signaling roles and metabolic reprogramming may represent commitments for a mutualistic symbiosis that act across the stages of symbiosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hao Chiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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63
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Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, Guimarães Fonseca J, de Moraes FE, Vaz Setem L, Carmanhanis Begossi A, Labate CA. Plant Cell Wall Proteomics: A Focus on Monocot Species, Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1975. [PMID: 31018495 PMCID: PMC6514655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell walls mostly comprise polysaccharides and proteins. The composition of monocots' primary cell walls differs from that of dicots walls with respect to the type of hemicelluloses, the reduction of pectin abundance and the presence of aromatic molecules. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) differ among plant species, and their distribution within functional classes varies according to cell types, organs, developmental stages and/or environmental conditions. In this review, we go deeper into the findings of cell wall proteomics in monocot species and make a comparative analysis of the CWPs identified, considering their predicted functions, the organs analyzed, the plant developmental stage and their possible use as targets for biofuel production. Arabidopsis thaliana CWPs were considered as a reference to allow comparisons among different monocots, i.e., Brachypodium distachyon, Saccharum spp. and Oryza sativa. Altogether, 1159 CWPs have been acknowledged, and specificities and similarities are discussed. In particular, a search for A. thaliana homologs of CWPs identified so far in monocots allows the definition of monocot CWPs characteristics. Finally, the analysis of monocot CWPs appears to be a powerful tool for identifying candidate proteins of interest for tailoring cell walls to increase biomass yield of transformation for second-generation biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Juliana Calderan-Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Guimarães Fonseca
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício Edgar de Moraes
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laís Vaz Setem
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Carmanhanis Begossi
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Department of Genetics, Max Feffer Laboratory of Plant Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, CP 83, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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64
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Lectin Sequence Distribution in QTLs from Rice (Oryza sativa) Suggest A Role in Morphological Traits and Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020437. [PMID: 30669545 PMCID: PMC6359108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the main staple crops worldwide but suffers from important yield losses due to different abiotic and biotic stresses. Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) is a classical genetic method which enables the creation of more resistant cultivars but does not yield information on the genes directly involved or responsible for the desired traits. Lectins are known as proteins with diverse functions in plants. Some of them are abundant proteins in seeds and are considered as storage/defense proteins while other lectins are known as stress-inducible proteins, implicated in stress perception and signal transduction as part of plant innate immunity. We investigated the distribution of lectin sequences in different QTL related to stress tolerance/resistance, morphology, and physiology through mapping of the lectin sequences and QTL regions on the chromosomes and subsequent statistical analysis. Furthermore, the domain structure and evolutionary relationships of the lectins in O. sativa spp. indica and japonica were investigated. Our results revealed that lectin sequences are statistically overrepresented in QTLs for (a)biotic resistance/tolerance as well as in QTLs related to economically important traits such as eating quality and sterility. These findings contribute to the characterization of the QTL sequences and can provide valuable information to the breeders.
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65
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Jiang X, Bao H, Merzendorfer H, Yang Q. Immune Responses of Mammals and Plants to Chitin-Containing Pathogens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1142:61-81. [PMID: 31102242 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin-containing organisms, such as fungi and arthropods, use chitin as a structural component to protect themselves from harsh environmental conditions. Hosts such as mammals and plants, however, sense chitin to initiate innate and adaptive immunity and exclude chitin-containing organisms. A number of protein factors are then expressed, and several signaling pathways are triggered. In this chapter, we focus on the responses and signal transduction pathways that are activated in mammals and plants upon invasion by chitin-containing organisms. As host chitinases play important roles in the glycolytic processing of chitin, which is then recognized by pattern-recognition receptors, we also pay special attention to the chitinases that are involved in immune recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Han Bao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hans Merzendorfer
- Department of Chemistry and Biology - Molecular Biology, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116023, China. .,State Laboratory of Biology for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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66
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Lanfranco L, Fiorilli V, Gutjahr C. Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1031-1046. [PMID: 29806959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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67
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Bonfante P. The future has roots in the past: the ideas and scientists that shaped mycorrhizal research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:982-995. [PMID: 30160311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 982 I. Introduction 982 II. The portraits of our ancestors: a gallery of ideas from more than 100 years of mycorrhizal research 983 III. Mycorrhizal fungi in the 'omics' era: first puzzle, how to name mycorrhizal fungi 985 IV. Signalling: a central question of our time? 987 V. The colonization process: how cellular studies predicted future 'omics' data 989 VI. The genetics underlying colonization events 991 VII. Concluding thoughts: chance and needs in mycorrhizal symbioses 992 Acknowledgements 992 References 992 SUMMARY: Our knowledge of mycorrhizas dates back to at least 150 years ago, when the plant pathologists A. B. Frank and G. Gibelli described the surprisingly morphology of forest tree roots surrounded by a fungal mantle. Compared with this history, our molecular study of mycorrhizas remains a young science. To trace the history of mycorrhizal research, from its roots in the distant past, to the present and the future, this review outlines a few topics that were already central in the 19th century and were seminal in revealing the biological meaning of mycorrhizal associations. These include investigations of nutrient exchange between partners, plant responses to mycorrhizal fungi, and the identity and evolution of mycorrhizal symbionts as just a few examples of how the most recent molecular studies of mycorrhizal biology sprouted from the roots of past research. In addition to clarifying the ecological role of mycorrhizas, some of the recent results have changed the perception of the relevance of mycorrhizas in the scientific community, and in the whole of society. Looking to past knowledge while foreseeing strategies for the next steps can help us catch a glimpse of the future of mycorrhizal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
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68
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Backer R, Rokem JS, Ilangumaran G, Lamont J, Praslickova D, Ricci E, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Context, Mechanisms of Action, and Roadmap to Commercialization of Biostimulants for Sustainable Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1473. [PMID: 30405652 PMCID: PMC6206271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbes of the phytomicrobiome are associated with every plant tissue and, in combination with the plant form the holobiont. Plants regulate the composition and activity of their associated bacterial community carefully. These microbes provide a wide range of services and benefits to the plant; in return, the plant provides the microbial community with reduced carbon and other metabolites. Soils are generally a moist environment, rich in reduced carbon which supports extensive soil microbial communities. The rhizomicrobiome is of great importance to agriculture owing to the rich diversity of root exudates and plant cell debris that attract diverse and unique patterns of microbial colonization. Microbes of the rhizomicrobiome play key roles in nutrient acquisition and assimilation, improved soil texture, secreting, and modulating extracellular molecules such as hormones, secondary metabolites, antibiotics, and various signal compounds, all leading to enhancement of plant growth. The microbes and compounds they secrete constitute valuable biostimulants and play pivotal roles in modulating plant stress responses. Research has demonstrated that inoculating plants with plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) or treating plants with microbe-to-plant signal compounds can be an effective strategy to stimulate crop growth. Furthermore, these strategies can improve crop tolerance for the abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, heat, and salinity) likely to become more frequent as climate change conditions continue to develop. This discovery has resulted in multifunctional PGPR-based formulations for commercial agriculture, to minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers and agrochemicals. This review is an update about the role of PGPR in agriculture, from their collection to commercialization as low-cost commercial agricultural inputs. First, we introduce the concept and role of the phytomicrobiome and the agricultural context underlying food security in the 21st century. Next, mechanisms of plant growth promotion by PGPR are discussed, including signal exchange between plant roots and PGPR and how these relationships modulate plant abiotic stress responses via induced systemic resistance. On the application side, strategies are discussed to improve rhizosphere colonization by PGPR inoculants. The final sections of the paper describe the applications of PGPR in 21st century agriculture and the roadmap to commercialization of a PGPR-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Backer
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J. Stefan Rokem
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - John Lamont
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dana Praslickova
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily Ricci
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Donald L. Smith
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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69
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Choi J, Summers W, Paszkowski U. Mechanisms Underlying Establishment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:135-160. [PMID: 29856935 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants engage in mutually beneficial interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, the fungus providing phosphate and nitrogen in exchange for fixed carbon. During presymbiosis, both organisms communicate via oligosaccharides and butenolides. The requirement for a rice chitin receptor in symbiosis-induced lateral root development suggests that cell division programs operate in inner root tissues during both AM and nodule symbioses. Furthermore, the identification of transcription factors underpinning arbuscule development and degeneration reemphasized the plant's regulatory dominance in AM symbiosis. Finally, the finding that AM fungi, as lipid auxotrophs, depend on plant fatty acids (FAs) to complete their asexual life cycle revealed the basis for fungal biotrophy. Intriguingly, lipid metabolism is also central for asexual reproduction and interaction of the fungal sister clade, the Mucoromycotina, with endobacteria, indicative of an evolutionarily ancient role for lipids in fungal mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - William Summers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
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70
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Parniske M. Uptake of bacteria into living plant cells, the unifying and distinct feature of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:164-174. [PMID: 30071473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the presence of complex microbiota on the surfaces of all plants, the uptake of bacteria into plant cells and the subsequent accommodation in a membrane-enclosed compartment is restricted to the nitrogen-fixing root nodule and the Gunnera-Nostoc symbiosis. The plant cell wall and the outward-directed turgor pressure are major constraints for bacterial uptake because localised lysis of the cell wall endangers the integrity of the protoplast. Host cell integrity is consistently maintained by turgescent neighbours, connected via apoplastic polymers that seal a bacteria-containing extracellular compartment prior to localized cell wall lysis. Its unifying and almost exclusive phylogenetic distribution pinpoints the ability to take up bacteria into living plant cells as a key step during the evolution of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Parniske
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter Martinsried, LMU Munich, Germany.
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71
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Rey T, Jacquet C. Symbiosis genes for immunity and vice versa. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:64-71. [PMID: 29550547 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Basic molecular knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions has largely been gained from reverse and forward genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, as this model plant is unable to establish endosymbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia, plant responses to mutualistic symbionts have been studied in parallel in other plant species, mainly legumes. The resulting analyses led to the identification of gene networks involved in various functions, from microbe recognition to signalling and plant responses, thereafter assigned to either mutualistic symbiosis or immunity, according to the nature of the initially inoculated microbe. The increasing development of new pathosystems and genetic resources in model legumes and the implementation of reverse genetics in plants such as rice and tomato that interact with both mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens, have highlighted the dual role of plant genes previously thought to be specific to mutualistic or pathogenic interactions. The next challenges will be to determine whether such genes have similar functions in both types of interaction and if not, whether the perception of microbial compounds or the involvement of specific plant signalling components is responsible for the appropriate plant responses to the encountered microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France.
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Proteomic approach to understand the molecular physiology of symbiotic interaction between Piriformospora indica and Brassica napus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5773. [PMID: 29636503 PMCID: PMC5893561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been now focused on the promising approach of fungal endophytes to protect the plant from nutrient deficiency and environmental stresses along with better development and productivity. Quantitative and qualitative protein characteristics are regulated at genomic, transcriptomic, and posttranscriptional levels. Here, we used integrated in-depth proteome analyses to characterize the relationship between endophyte Piriformospora indica and Brassica napus plant highlighting its potential involvement in symbiosis and overall growth and development of the plant. An LC-MS/MS based label-free quantitative technique was used to evaluate the differential proteomics under P. indica treatment vs. control plants. In this study, 8,123 proteins were assessed, of which 46 showed significant abundance (34 downregulated and 12 upregulated) under high confidence conditions (p-value ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥2, confidence level 95%). Mapping of identified differentially expressed proteins with bioinformatics tools such as GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of gene sets involves in metabolic processes, symbiotic signaling, stress/defense responses, energy production, nutrient acquisition, biosynthesis of essential metabolites. These proteins are responsible for root's architectural modification, cell remodeling, and cellular homeostasis during the symbiotic growth phase of plant's life. We tried to enhance our knowledge that how the biological pathways modulate during symbiosis?
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73
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Pimprikar P, Gutjahr C. Transcriptional Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:673-690. [PMID: 29425360 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient symbiosis between land plants and fungi of the glomeromycotina that is widespread in the plant kingdom. AM improves plant nutrition, stress resistance and general plant performance, and thus represents a promising addition to sustainable agricultural practices. In return for delivering mineral nutrients, the obligate biotrophic AM fungi receive up to 20% of the photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plant. AM fungi colonize the inside of roots and form highly branched tree-shaped structures, called arbuscules, in cortex cells. The pair of the arbuscule and its host cell is considered the central functional unit of the symbiosis as it mediates the bidirectional nutrient exchange between the symbionts. The development and spread of AM fungi within the root is predominantly under the control of the host plant and depends on its developmental and physiological status. Intracellular accommodation of fungal structures is enabled by the remarkable plasticity of plant cells, which undergo drastic subcellular rearrangements. These are promoted and accompanied by cell-autonomous transcriptional reprogramming. AM development can be dissected into distinct stages using plant mutants. Progress in the application of laser dissection technology has allowed the assignment of transcriptional responses to specific stages and cell types. The first transcription factors controlling AM-specific gene expression and AM development have been discovered, and cis-elements required for AM-responsive promoter activity have been identified. An understanding of their connectivity and elucidation of transcriptional networks orchestrating AM development can be expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pimprikar
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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74
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Signaling through plant lectins: modulation of plant immunity and beyond. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:217-233. [PMID: 29472368 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lectins constitute an abundant group of proteins that are present throughout the plant kingdom. Only recently, genome-wide screenings have unraveled the multitude of different lectin sequences within one plant species. It appears that plants employ a plurality of lectins, though relatively few lectins have already been studied and functionally characterized. Therefore, it is very likely that the full potential of lectin genes in plants is underrated. This review summarizes the knowledge of plasma membrane-bound lectins in different biological processes (such as recognition of pathogen-derived molecules and symbiosis) and illustrates the significance of soluble intracellular lectins and how they can contribute to plant signaling. Altogether, the family of plant lectins is highly complex with an enormous diversity in biochemical properties and activities.
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75
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Desaki Y, Kouzai Y, Ninomiya Y, Iwase R, Shimizu Y, Seko K, Molinaro A, Minami E, Shibuya N, Kaku H, Nishizawa Y. OsCERK1 plays a crucial role in the lipopolysaccharide-induced immune response of rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1042-1049. [PMID: 29194635 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell surface receptor-like kinases (RLKs) mediate the signals from microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that induce immune responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is a common MAMP perceived by animals and plants; however, the plant receptors/co-receptors are unknown except for LORE, a bulb-type lectin S-domain RLK (B-lectin SD1-RLK) in Arabidopsis. OsCERK1 is a multifunctional RLK in rice that contains lysin motifs (LysMs) and is essential for the perception of chitin, a fungal MAMP, and peptidoglycan, a bacterial MAMP. Here, we analyzed the relevance of OsCERK1 to LPS perception in rice. Using OsCERK1-knockout mutants (oscerk1), we evaluated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production and gene expression after LPS treatment. We also examined the LPS response in knockout mutants for the B-lectin SD1-RLK genes in rice and for all LysM-protein genes in Arabidopsis. Compared with wild-type rice cells, LPS responses in oscerk1 cells were mostly diminished. By contrast, rice lines mutated in either of three B-lectin SD1-RLK genes and Arabidopsis lines mutated in the LysM-protein genes responded normally to LPS. From these results, we conclude that OsCERK1 is an LPS receptor/co-receptor and that the LPS perception systems of rice and Arabidopsis are significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Desaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ninomiya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Iwase
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yumi Shimizu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Keito Seko
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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Plett JM, Martin FM. Know your enemy, embrace your friend: using omics to understand how plants respond differently to pathogenic and mutualistic microorganisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:729-746. [PMID: 29265527 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms, or 'microbes', have formed intimate associations with plants throughout the length of their evolutionary history. In extant plant systems microbes still remain an integral part of the ecological landscape, impacting plant health, productivity and long-term fitness. Therefore, to properly understand the genetic wiring of plants, we must first determine what perception systems plants have evolved to parse beneficial from commensal from pathogenic microbes. In this review, we consider some of the most recent advances in how plants respond at the molecular level to different microbial lifestyles. Further, we cover some of the means by which microbes are able to manipulate plant signaling pathways through altered destructiveness and nutrient sinks, as well as the use of effector proteins and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). We conclude by highlighting some of the major questions still to be answered in the field of plant-microbe research, and suggest some of the key areas that are in greatest need of further research investment. The results of these proposed studies will have impacts in a wide range of plant research disciplines and will, ultimately, translate into stronger agronomic crops and forestry stock, with immune perception and response systems bred to foster beneficial microbial symbioses while repudiating pathogenic symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Francis M Martin
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche, 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Grand Est-Nancy, 54280, Champenoux, France
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Gough C, Cottret L, Lefebvre B, Bono JJ. Evolutionary History of Plant LysM Receptor Proteins Related to Root Endosymbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:923. [PMID: 30022986 PMCID: PMC6039847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
LysM receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs), which are specific to plants, can control establishment of both the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and the rhizobium-legume (RL) symbioses in response to signal molecules produced, respectively, by the fungal and bacterial symbiotic partners. While most studies on these proteins have been performed in legume species, there are also important findings that demonstrate the roles of LysM-RLKs in controlling symbiosis in non-legume plants. Phylogenomic studies, which have revealed the presence or absence of certain LysM-RLKs among different plant species, have provided insight into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying both the acquisition and the loss of symbiotic properties. The role of a key nodulation LysM-RLK, NFP/NFR5, in legume plants has thus probably been co-opted from an ancestral role in the AM symbiosis, and has been lost in most plant species that have lost the ability to establish the AM or the RL symbiosis. Another LysM-RLK, LYK3/NFR1, that controls the RL symbiosis probably became neo-functionalised following two rounds of gene duplication. Evidence suggests that a third LysM-RLK, LYR3/LYS12, is also implicated in perceiving microbial symbiotic signals, and this protein could have roles in symbiosis and/or plant immunity in different plant species. By focusing on these three LysM-RLKs that are widespread in plants we review their evolutionary history and what this can tell us about the evolution of both the RL and the AM symbioses.
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78
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Liao D, Sun X, Wang N, Song F, Liang Y. Tomato LysM Receptor-Like Kinase SlLYK12 Is Involved in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1004. [PMID: 30050553 PMCID: PMC6050466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi (Glomeromycota), which improves the supply of water and nutrients to host plants. AM symbiosis is set in motion by fungal chitooligosaccharides and lipochitooligosaccharides, which are perceived by plant-specific LysM-type receptor kinases (LYK). In rice this involves OsCERK1, a LYK also essential for chitin triggered innate immunity. In contrast in legumes, the CERK1 homologous gene experienced duplication events resulting in subfunctionalization. However, it remains unknown whether this subfunctionalization is legume-specific, or has occurred also in other dicot plant species. We identified four CERK1 homologs in tomato (SlLYK1, SlLYK11, SlLYK12, and SlLYK13) and investigated their roles in chitin signaling and AM symbiosis. We found that knockdown of SlLYK12 in tomato significantly reduced AM colonization, whereas chitin-induced responses were unaffected. In contrast, knockdown of SlLYK1 resulted in reduced responses to chitin, but did not alter responses to AM fungi. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of SlLYK1 and SlLYK13 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death, whereas SlLYK12 overexpression did not. Based on our results and comparison with rice OsCERK1, we hypothesize that OsCERK1 orthologs in tomato underwent gene duplication, leading to the subfunctionalization of immunity and symbiosis.
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79
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Buendia L, Girardin A, Wang T, Cottret L, Lefebvre B. LysM Receptor-Like Kinase and LysM Receptor-Like Protein Families: An Update on Phylogeny and Functional Characterization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1531. [PMID: 30405668 PMCID: PMC6207691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of plant specific families of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs), containing 3 extracellular LysMs have been shown to directly bind and/or to be involved in perception of lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), and peptidoglycan (PGN), three types of GlcNAc-containing molecules produced by microorganisms. These receptors are involved in microorganism perception by plants and can activate different plant responses leading either to symbiosis establishment or to defense responses against pathogens. LysM-RLK/Ps belong to multigenic families. Here, we provide a phylogeny of these families in eight plant species, including dicotyledons and monocotyledons, and we discuss known or putative biological roles of the members in each of the identified phylogenetic groups. We also report and discuss known biochemical properties of the LysM-RLK/Ps.
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80
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Chiu CH, Choi J, Paszkowski U. Independent signalling cues underpin arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and large lateral root induction in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:552-557. [PMID: 29194644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perception of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) triggers distinct plant signalling responses for parallel establishment of symbiosis and induction of lateral root formation. Rice receptor kinase CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (CERK1) and α/β-fold hydrolase DWARF14-LIKE (D14L) are involved in pre-symbiotic fungal perception. After 6 wk post-inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis, root developmental responses, fungal colonization and transcriptional responses were monitored in two independent cerk1 null mutants; a deletion mutant lacking D14L, and with D14L complemented as well as their respective wild-type cultivars (cv Nipponbare and Nihonmasari). Here we show that although essential for symbiosis, D14L is dispensable for AMF-induced root architectural modulation, which conversely relies on CERK1. Our results demonstrate uncoupling of symbiosis and the symbiotic root developmental signalling during pre-symbiosis with CERK1 required for AMF-induced root architectural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hao Chiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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81
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Trade-Offs in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Disease Resistance, Growth Responses and Perspectives for Crop Breeding. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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82
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Desaki Y, Miyata K, Suzuki M, Shibuya N, Kaku H. Plant immunity and symbiosis signaling mediated by LysM receptors. Innate Immun 2017; 24:92-100. [PMID: 29105533 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917738885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants possess the ability to recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and PAMPs through the PRRs, and initiate pattern-triggered immunity. MAMPs are derived from cell-envelope components, secreted materials and cytosolic proteins from bacteria, oomycetes or fungi, and some MAMPs play a similar function in the innate immunity in mammals. Chitin is a representative fungal MAMP and triggers defense signaling in a wide range of plant species. The chitin receptors CEBiP and CERK1 on the plasma membrane have LysM (lysin motif) in their ectodomains. These molecules play an important role for the defense responses in rice and Arabidopsis, strictly recognizing the size and acetylated form of chitin oligosaccharides. However, related LysM receptors also play major roles for the signaling in root nodule and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of the defense and symbiosis signaling mediated by LysM receptors, including the activation steps of chitin-induced defense signaling downstream of LysM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Desaki
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kana Miyata
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.,2 Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maruya Suzuki
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Guest Editors: Mari-Anne Newman (Copenhagen, Denmark) and Antonio Molinaro (Naples, Italy) 1Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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83
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Bozsoki Z, Cheng J, Feng F, Gysel K, Vinther M, Andersen KR, Oldroyd G, Blaise M, Radutoiu S, Stougaard J. Receptor-mediated chitin perception in legume roots is functionally separable from Nod factor perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8118-E8127. [PMID: 28874587 PMCID: PMC5617283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706795114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of root cells to distinguish mutualistic microbes from pathogens is crucial for plants that allow symbiotic microorganisms to infect and colonize their internal root tissues. Here we show that Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula possess very similar LysM pattern-recognition receptors, LjLYS6/MtLYK9 and MtLYR4, enabling root cells to separate the perception of chitin oligomeric microbe-associated molecular patterns from the perception of lipochitin oligosaccharide by the LjNFR1/MtLYK3 and LjNFR5/MtNFP receptors triggering symbiosis. Inactivation of chitin-receptor genes in Ljlys6, Mtlyk9, and Mtlyr4 mutants eliminates early reactive oxygen species responses and induction of defense-response genes in roots. Ljlys6, Mtlyk9, and Mtlyr4 mutants were also more susceptible to fungal and bacterial pathogens, while infection and colonization by rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was maintained. Biochemical binding studies with purified LjLYS6 ectodomains further showed that at least six GlcNAc moieties (CO6) are required for optimal binding efficiency. The 2.3-Å crystal structure of the LjLYS6 ectodomain reveals three LysM βααβ motifs similar to other LysM proteins and a conserved chitin-binding site. These results show that distinct receptor sets in legume roots respond to chitin and lipochitin oligosaccharides found in the heterogeneous mixture of chitinaceous compounds originating from soil microbes. This establishes a foundation for genetic and biochemical dissection of the perception and the downstream responses separating defense from symbiosis in the roots of the 80-90% of land plants able to develop rhizobial and/or mycorrhizal endosymbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Bozsoki
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeryl Cheng
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Feng Feng
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Kira Gysel
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Vinther
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mickael Blaise
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
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84
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Martin FM, Uroz S, Barker DG. Ancestral alliances: Plant mutualistic symbioses with fungi and bacteria. Science 2017; 356:356/6340/eaad4501. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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