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García Rodríguez R, Moreno Lozano L, Extremera Ortega A, Borja Segade J, Galindo Bonilla P, Gómez Torrijos E. Provocation Tests in Nonimmediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to β-Lactam Antibiotics in Children: Are Extended Challenges Needed? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 7:265-269. [PMID: 30009988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Lactam antibiotics are the most common trigger of reactions in children with most of them being nonimmediate (85.5%), but proven allergy after the allergological workup is between 7% and 10%. There is no agreement on how to perform the provocation tests in these types of hypersensitivity reactions. OBJECTIVE To determine whether or not repeated doses of the β-lactams are required to reproduce a nonimmediate reaction in children. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study. We included children under 14 years who were referred for a nonimmediate reaction to β-lactams. All patients underwent a 1-day hospital provocation and were kept under observation at home during the following days for at least the time elapsed between the first dose and the symptoms of the index reaction. If no reaction was triggered, the patient resumed the provocation at home with 2 daily therapeutic doses for an equal of interval time. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients were included in the study. A positive reaction was recorded in 14 of them (14.4%). The short hospital provocation triggered 3 immediate reactions and 8 delayed reactions. The home rechallenge developed 1 immediate reaction and 2 delayed reactions. CONCLUSIONS Nonimmediate reactions to β-lactams in children may be triggered with a 1-day provocation test. We suggest to perform a 1-day provocation test followed by an observational period of at least the time interval of the index reaction. If this challenge is negative, an extended home provocation could subsequently be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa García Rodríguez
- Allergy Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Lucia Moreno Lozano
- Allergy Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alba Extremera Ortega
- Allergy Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jesús Borja Segade
- Allergy Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pedro Galindo Bonilla
- Allergy Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elisa Gómez Torrijos
- Allergy Department, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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53
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Graham F, Caubet JC. Diagnosis of drug causality in non-immediate drug hypersensitivity in children. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:655-658. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1494570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Graham
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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54
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Tonson la Tour A, Michelet M, Eigenmann PA, Caubet JC. Natural History of Benign Nonimmediate Allergy to Beta-Lactams in Children: A Prospective Study in Retreated Patients After a Positive and a Negative Provocation Test. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:1321-1326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ibáñez MD, Rodríguez Del Río P, Lasa EM, Joral A, Ruiz-Hornillos J, Muñoz C, Gómez Traseira C, Escudero C, Olaguibel Rivera JM, Garriga-Baraut T, González-de-Olano D, Rosado A, Sanchez-García S, Pérez Bustamante S, Padial Vilchez MA, Prieto Montaño P, Candón Morillo R, Macías Iglesia E, Feliú Vila A, Valbuena T, Lopez-Patiño A, Martorell A, Sastre J, Audícana MT. Prospective assessment of diagnostic tests for pediatric penicillin allergy: From clinical history to challenge tests. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018; 121:235-244.e3. [PMID: 29803713 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic guidelines for penicillin allergy in children recommend cumbersome protocols based partially on data from adults, which may be suboptimal for pediatric use. OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of tools for diagnosis of penicillin allergy in children. METHODS A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in children with reported adverse events related to penicillin, excluding severe reactions. All patients underwent a uniform diagnostic protocol that consisted of clinical history, skin tests, serum specific IgE (sIgE), and, regardless of these results, drug provocation tests (DPTs). RESULTS A total of 732 children (mean age, 5.5 years; 51.2% males) completed the allergy workup, including DPTs. Amoxicillin triggered 96.9% of all reactions. None of the patients with an immediate index reaction (IR) developed a reaction on DPT. Penicillin allergy was confirmed in 35 children (4.8%): 6 immediate reactions (17%) and 29 nonimmediate reactions (83%) on the DPT. No severe reactions were recorded. The allergist diagnosis based on the clinical history was not associated with the DPT final outcome. In 30 of 33 allergic patients (91%), the results of all skin tests and sIgE tests were negative. A logistic regression model identified the following to be associated with penicillin allergy: a family history of drug allergy (odds ratio [OR], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-6.89; P = .008), an IR lasting more than 3 days vs 24 hours or less (OR, 8.96; 95% CI, 2.01-39.86; P = .004), and an IR treated with corticosteroids (OR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.30-5.54; P = .007). CONCLUSION Conventional predictors of allergy to penicillin performed weakly. The authors propose straightforward penicillin provocation testing in controlled, experienced centers for the diagnosis of nonsevere penicillin allergy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Ibáñez
- Allergy Department, Niño Jesús University Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain; The Research Network ARADyAL RD16/0006/0026.
| | - Pablo Rodríguez Del Río
- Allergy Department, Niño Jesús University Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain; The Research Network ARADyAL RD16/0006/0026
| | - Eva Maria Lasa
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - Alejandro Joral
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Hornillos
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Candelaria Muñoz
- Allergy Department. Children Hospital, University Regional Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Carmelo Escudero
- Allergy Department, Niño Jesús University Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain; The Research Network ARADyAL RD16/0006/0026
| | | | - Teresa Garriga-Baraut
- Unitat d'Al.lergologia Pediàtrica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Grup Creixement i Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rosado
- Unidad de Alergia, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sanchez-García
- Allergy Department, Niño Jesús University Children's Hospital, Madrid, Spain; The Research Network ARADyAL RD16/0006/0026
| | - Socorro Pérez Bustamante
- Allergy Department, Torrejon University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Allergy Department, Rincon Health Group, Vithas, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Rocío Candón Morillo
- Allergy Department, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eva Macías Iglesia
- Allergy Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Valbuena
- Servicio Alergología, Hospital Infanta Sofia, SS Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquín Sastre
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; Allergy Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Audícana
- Allergy Department. Hospital Universitario Araba (HUA), Instituto Bioaraba, Vitoria, Spain
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56
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Sousa-Pinto B, Araújo L, Freitas A, Delgado L. Hospitalizations in Children with a Penicillin Allergy Label: An Assessment of Healthcare Impact. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 176:234-238. [PMID: 29788022 DOI: 10.1159/000488857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-lactam allergy is overdiagnosed. Diagnosis of penicillin allergy has been associated with a greater use of hospital resources and an increased risk of antibiotic-resistant infections, although this issue remains poorly studied in children. We aimed to compare patient characteristics and use of hospital resources in hospitalized children with and without a record of penicillin allergy. METHODS We identified all hospitalizations in children labelled as being allergic to penicillin in a database containing all hospitalizations in Portuguese public hospitals between 2000 and 2014, and compared these with a similar number of age-, sex-, and main diagnosis-matched hospitalizations without a penicillin allergy label. Comparisons were made for length of hospital stay, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), in-hospital mortality, and hospitalization costs. RESULTS We identified 1,718 hospitalizations corresponding to children labelled as penicillin-allergic. Compared with patients without such a label, these children had longer hospital stays (mean 5 vs. 4 days, p = 0.03) and a higher comorbidity index (mean 0.11 vs. 0.09, p < 0.001). Hospitalization costs were also higher (EUR 2,071 vs. 1,798), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS Hospitalizations of children labelled as allergic to penicillin are associated with longer hospital stays, more comorbidities, and a tendency towards higher hospitalization costs. An accurate diagnosis of penicillin allergy based on clinical history and confirmatory tests is therefore essential in all paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,MEDCIDS, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Araújo
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal.,Allergy Unit, CUF Institute, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Alberto Freitas
- MEDCIDS, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal.,Allergy Unit, CUF Institute, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Norton AE, Konvinse K, Phillips EJ, Broyles AD. Antibiotic Allergy in Pediatrics. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-2497. [PMID: 29700201 PMCID: PMC5914499 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The overlabeling of pediatric antibiotic allergy represents a huge burden in society. Given that up to 10% of the US population is labeled as penicillin allergic, it can be estimated that at least 5 million children in this country are labeled with penicillin allergy. We now understand that most of the cutaneous symptoms that are interpreted as drug allergy are likely viral induced or due to a drug-virus interaction, and they usually do not represent a long-lasting, drug-specific, adaptive immune response to the antibiotic that a child received. Because most antibiotic allergy labels acquired in childhood are carried into adulthood, the overlabeling of antibiotic allergy is a liability that leads to unnecessary long-term health care risks, costs, and antibiotic resistance. Fortunately, awareness of this growing burden is increasing and leading to more emphasis on antibiotic allergy delabeling strategies in the adult population. There is growing literature that is used to support the safe and efficacious use of tools such as skin testing and drug challenge to evaluate and manage children with antibiotic allergy labels. In addition, there is an increasing understanding of antibiotic reactivity within classes and side-chain reactions. In summary, a better overall understanding of the current tools available for the diagnosis and management of adverse drug reactions is likely to change how pediatric primary care providers evaluate and treat patients with such diagnoses and prevent the unnecessary avoidance of antibiotics, particularly penicillins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Eaddy Norton
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and
| | - Katherine Konvinse
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth J. Phillips
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, and,John A. Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;,Division of Infectious Disease, Departments of Medicine and,Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia; and
| | - Ana Dioun Broyles
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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58
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Lezmi G, Alrowaishdi F, Bados-Albiero A, Scheinmann P, de Blic J, Ponvert C. Non-immediate-reading skin tests and prolonged challenges in non-immediate hypersensitivity to beta-lactams in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:84-89. [PMID: 29047169 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A minority of children reporting non-immediate reactions to beta-lactams (BLs) are allergic. Allergy workup usually includes late-reading (48-72 hours) skin tests (ST) and short (1-3 days) drug provocation tests (DPT), regardless of the chronology of the index reaction. The sensitivity of hyper-late-reading (≥6-7 days) ST and of prolonged DPT for the diagnosis of non-immediate hypersensitivity to BLs is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES To establish the diagnostic values of late-reading ST and hyper-late-reading ST and of prolonged DPT in children reporting non-immediate reactions to BLs. METHODS Prospective assessment of children reporting non-immediate reactions to BLs with late- and additional hyper-late-reading intradermal (ID) and patch tests, and if negative, with prolonged DPT. RESULTS Five hundred and fifty children reporting reactions to a single or several BLs (674 suspected BLs) were included. Non-immediate hypersensitivity to BLs was diagnosed in 63 children (11.5%), reporting 66 reactions (9.8%), based on responses in ST (n = 17, 25.8%: 5 to ID, 8 to patch tests, and 4 to both tests), DPT (n = 43, 65.2%), and clinical history (n = 6, 9.1%), including 3/9 children with severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Skin test positivity was observed after the 6-7th day in 14/17 children, and DPT positivity after a median time of 3 days. No severe reaction was observed after ST or during prolonged DPT. CONCLUSION Additional hyper-late-reading of ST enhanced their positivity. However, their overall sensitivity remained weak, especially in non-severe cases. Prolonged DPT are safe and may improve the performance of DPT in the diagnosis of non-immediate hypersensitivity to BLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lezmi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - F Alrowaishdi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France
| | | | - P Scheinmann
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - J de Blic
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Ponvert
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et d'allergologie Pédiatriques, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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59
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Designing Predictive Models for Beta-Lactam Allergy Using the Drug Allergy and Hypersensitivity Database. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2018; 6:139-148.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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60
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Moral L, Caubet JC. Oral challenge without skin tests in children with non-severe beta-lactam hypersensitivity: Time to change the paradigm? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:724-727. [PMID: 28892222 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Suspected allergy to penicillins and cephalosporins is very common in childhood. After a proper evaluation, allergy will be confirmed only in a small portion of them. Intradermal tests are usually part of the allergy workup, but they are painful for children and time-consuming, and their role has been debated. A systematic review found only two studies reporting a positive predictive value of skin tests in children of 36% and 33%, respectively, leading to a high rate of inaccurate diagnosis. Moreover, considering that skin tests are negative in more than 90%-95% of cases, an oral provocation test (OPT) is finally needed to confirm tolerance in most of these children. Positive OPT are rare, and even where children demonstrate reproducible signs on challenge, they rarely constitute immediate or serious symptoms. Therefore, OPT to the index antibiotic without skin tests are increasingly being considered an accepted procedure for children with a suspected mild non-immediate reaction related to a beta-lactam antibiotic. Furthermore, a recent research has taken the same approach including children with suspected mild immediate reactions, with similar safety and positive results. In light of recent evidence highlighted, it is now the time for large and multicentric studies to confirm that OPT with the index antibiotic, without skin tests, are safe and convenient for children with a history of a mild reaction with a beta-lactam antibiotic before it can be recommended in pediatric allergy guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Moral
- Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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61
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Trubiano JA, Stone CA, Grayson ML, Urbancic K, Slavin MA, Thursky KA, Phillips EJ. The 3 Cs of Antibiotic Allergy-Classification, Cross-Reactivity, and Collaboration. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:1532-1542. [PMID: 28843343 PMCID: PMC5681410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic allergy labeling is highly prevalent and negatively impacts patient outcomes and antibiotic appropriateness. Reducing the prevalence and burden of antibiotic allergies requires the engagement of key stakeholders such as allergists, immunologists, pharmacists, and infectious diseases physicians. To help address this burden of antibiotic allergy overlabeling, we review 3 key antibiotic allergy domains: (1) antibiotic allergy classification, (2) antibiotic cross-reactivity, and (3) multidisciplinary collaboration. We review the available evidence and research gaps of currently used adverse drug reaction classification systems, antibiotic allergy cross-reactivity, and current and future models of antibiotic allergy care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Trubiano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cosby A Stone
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | - M Lindsay Grayson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Urbancic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Department of Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tenn
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62
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Management of Children with Hypersensitivity to Antibiotics and Monoclonal Antibodies. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2017; 37:713-725. [PMID: 28965636 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper management of drug allergy in children is based on a thorough history, in vitro testing (if available), in vivo testing, and drug challenge. This approach has been well developed with beta-lactam drugs but not with non-beta-lactam drugs and monoclonal antibodies. Children commonly develop rashes during an antibiotic course, which can lead to misdiagnosis of drug allergy. Clinical reactions to monoclonal antibodies vary and are managed depending on the type. A better knowledge of drug reactions that can occur in antibiotic allergy and monoclonal allergy can aid a provider in better management of their drug-allergic pediatric patients.
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63
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Amsler E, Soria A. [Hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics]. Rev Med Interne 2017; 38:737-748. [PMID: 28754229 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is a common condition and about 10% of patients report being allergic to penicillin. However, this diagnosis is largely overestimated. Two types of allergy should be distinguished and include immediate hypersensitivity that can lead to anaphylactic shock and delayed hypersensitivity, ranging from the most common maculopapular exanthema to severe bullous toxidermia or life-threatening DRESS. Allergy challenge with oriented skin tests according to the clinical features, supplemented with oral challenge in the absence of contraindication, will confirm or invalidate the diagnosis of beta-lactam allergy and will help to identify if necessary safe alternatives to beta-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Amsler
- Service de dermatologie et allergologie, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
| | - A Soria
- Service de dermatologie et allergologie, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; Inserm U1135, immunology and infectious diseases center-Paris (Cimi-Paris), Sorbonne université, UPMC université Paris 06, 75013 Paris, France
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64
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Atanasković-Marković M. Multiple Drug Allergy. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-017-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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65
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Romano A, Valluzzi RL, Caruso C, Maggioletti M, Gaeta F. Non-immediate Cutaneous Reactions to Beta-Lactams: Approach to Diagnosis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:23. [PMID: 28382604 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-immediate cutaneous reactions (i.e., occurring at least 1 h after the initial drug administration), particularly maculopapular exanthemas and urticarial eruptions, are common during beta-lactam treatments. A T cell-mediated pathogenic mechanism has been demonstrated in some cutaneous reactions, such as maculopapular exanthema, fixed drug eruption, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. In the diagnostic work-up, patch testing is useful, together with delayed-reading intradermal testing. Patch tests are a simple and safe diagnostic tool, which in the case of severe reactions should be used as the first line of investigation. However, patch tests are less sensitive than intradermal tests, which are preferable in subjects with mild reactions. Lymphocyte transformation or activation tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays can be used as complementary tests. In selected cases of mild or moderate reactions, displaying negative results in the aforesaid allergy tests, a graded challenge with the implicated beta-lactam can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Romano
- Allergy Unit, Presidio Columbus, Via G. Moscati, 31, 00168, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS Oasi Maria S.S, Troina, Italy.
| | - Rocco Luigi Valluzzi
- Allergy Unit, Presidio Columbus, Via G. Moscati, 31, 00168, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Vatican City, Italy
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Allergy Unit, Presidio Columbus, Via G. Moscati, 31, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Gaeta
- Allergy Unit, Presidio Columbus, Via G. Moscati, 31, 00168, Rome, Italy
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66
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Soyer O, Sahiner UM, Sekerel BE. Pro and Contra: Provocation Tests in Drug Hypersensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071437. [PMID: 28677662 PMCID: PMC5535928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug provocation test (DPT) is the controlled administration of a drug to diagnose immune- or non-immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity and the last step for accurate recognition of drug hypersensitivity reactions when the previous diagnostic evaluations are negative or unavailable. A DPT is performed only if other conventional tests fail to yield conclusive results. In each clinical presentation, "to provoke or not to provoke" a patient should be decided after careful assessment of the risk-benefit ratio. Well-defined benefits of DPT include confirmative exclusion of diagnoses of drug hypersensitivity and provision of safe alternatives. However, disadvantages such as safety, difficulty in interpretations of results, lack of objective biomarkers, risks of resensitization, efficiency in daily practice, and lack of standardized protocols, are poorly debated. This review summarizes the current published research concerning DPT, with particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of DPT in an evidence-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Soyer
- Department of Pediatric Allergy Ankara, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Umit Murat Sahiner
- Department of Pediatric Allergy Ankara, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Enis Sekerel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy Ankara, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
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Grinlington L, Cranswick N, Gwee A. QUESTION 1: What is the risk of a repeat reaction to amoxicillin or a cephalosporin in children with a history of a non-immediate reaction to amoxicillin? Arch Dis Child 2017; 102:285-288. [PMID: 27998885 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Grinlington
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noel Cranswick
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Gwee
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Gaeta F, Medjo B, Gavrovic-Jankulovic M, Cirkovic Velickovic T, Tmusic V, Romano A. Non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in children - our 10-year experience in allergy work-up. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:533-8. [PMID: 26999792 PMCID: PMC7167905 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-immediate reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics (BL) occur more than one hour after drug administration, and the most common manifestations are maculopapular exanthemas and delayed-appearing urticaria and/or angioedema. Infections can lead to skin eruptions and mimic drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR), if a drug is taken at the same time. The most of children are labeled as 'drug allergic' after considering only the clinical history. OBJECTIVE To diagnose/detect a hypersensitivity or an infection which mimic DHR in children with non-immediate reactions to BL METHODS: A prospective survey was conducted in a group of 1026 children with histories of non-immediate reactions to BL by performing patch tests, skin tests, and in case of negative results, drug provocation tests (DPTs). In 300 children, a study was performed to detect infections by viruses or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. RESULTS Urticaria and maculopapular exanthemas were the most reported non-immediate reactions. Only 76 (7.4%) of 1026 children had confirmed non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions to BL. Fifty-seven children had positive delayed-reading intradermal tests (18 of these with a positive patch test). Nineteen children had positive DPT. Sixty-six of 300 children had positive tests for viruses or Mycoplasma pneumoniae and 2 of them had a positive allergy work-up. CONCLUSIONS A diagnostic work-up should be performed in all children with non-immediate reactions to BL, to remove a false label of hypersensitivity. Even though only 57 (5.5%) of 1026 children displayed positive responses to delayed-reading intradermal tests to BL, such tests appear to be useful in order to reduce the risk for positive DPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Atanaskovic-Markovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,University Children's Hospital of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Biljana Medjo
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,University Children's Hospital of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Vladimir Tmusic
- University Children's Hospital of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonino Romano
- Allergy Unit Complesso Integrato Columbus, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Oasi Maria S.S., Troina, Italy
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Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Caubet JC. Management of drug hypersensitivity in the pediatric population. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1341-1349. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1213131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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