51
|
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Coating of Dental Implants—Past and New Perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020235. [PMID: 35203837 PMCID: PMC8868456 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regarded as one of the best solutions to replace missing teeth in the oral cavity, dental implants have been the focus of plenty of studies and research in the past few years. Antimicrobial coatings are a promising solution to control and prevent bacterial infections that compromise the success of dental implants. In the last few years, new materials that prevent biofilm adhesion to the surface of titanium implants have been reported, ranging from improved methods to already established coating surfaces. The purpose of this review is to present the developed antimicrobial and antibiofilm coatings that may have the potential to reduce bacterial infections and improve the success rate of titanium dental implants. All referred coating surfaces showed high antimicrobial properties with effectiveness in biofilm control, while maintaining implant biocompatibility. We expect that by combining the use of oligonucleotide probes as a covering material with novel peri-implant adjuvant therapies, we will be able to avoid the downsides of other covering materials (such as antibiotic resistance), prevent bacterial infections, and raise the success rate of dental implants. The existing knowledge on the optimal coating material for dental implants is limited, and further research is needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Collapse
|
52
|
Inhibitory effect of d-arabinose on oral bacteria biofilm formation on titanium discs. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102533. [PMID: 35143955 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biofilm formation on dental implant surfaces can cause peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Lectins are involved in interactions between bacteria or between bacteria and their hosts. Disrupting these interactions via specific sugars can result in reduced adhesion and biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to identify sugars that function as antiadhesion or antibiofilm agents on titanium discs. METHODS Of the sugars tested, the sugars that did not affect the planktonic growth of Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were selected. The selected sugars were assessed for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation of bacteria in single and consortium species by crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy after live/dead staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The sugars were evaluated for their ability to inhibit activity of the quorum sensing molecule autoinducer 2 (AI-2) by bioluminescence assay. RESULTS Biofilm formation of single bacteria or consortia of S. oralis, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis on titanium discs was significantly inhibited in the presence of d-arabinose. Pretreating titanium discs with d-arabinose for 3 min inhibited biofilm formation at a level comparable to that observed when d-arabinose was present over the entire period, suggesting that d-arabinose had initial anti-adhesive activity. In addition, d-arabinose inhibited the activity of AI-2. CONCLUSIONS d-Arabinose may be a good candidate for application as an antibiofilm agent and AI-2 inhibitor.
Collapse
|
53
|
Barão VAR, Costa RC, Shibli JA, Bertolini M, Souza JGS. Emerging titanium surface modifications: The war against polymicrobial infections on dental implants. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:1-12. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Dental implants made of titanium (Ti) material is recognized as the leading treatment option for edentulous patients’ rehabilitation, showing a high success rate and clinical longevity. However, dental implant surface acts as a platform for microbial adhesion and accumulation once exposed to the oral cavity. Biofilm formation on implant surfaces has been considered the main etiologic factor to induce inflammatory diseases, known as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis; the latter being recognized as the key reason for late dental implant failure. Different factors, such as biofilm matrix production, source of carbohydrate exposure, and cross-kingdom interactions, have encouraged increased microbial accumulation on dental implants, leading to a microbiological community shift from a healthy to a pathogenic state, increasing inflammation and favoring tissue damage. These factors combined with the spatial organization of biofilms, reduced antimicrobial susceptibility, complex microbiological composition, and the irregular topography of implants hamper biofilm control and microbial killing. In spite of the well-known etiology, there is still no consensus regarding the best clinical protocol to control microbial accumulation on dental implant surfaces and treat peri-implant disease. In this sense, different coatings and Ti surface treatments have been proposed in order to reduce microbial loads and control polymicrobial infections on implantable devices. Therefore, this critical review aims to discuss the current evidence on biofilm accumulation on dental implants and central factors related to the pathogenesis process of implant-related infections. Moreover, the potential surface modifications with anti-biofilm properties for dental implant devices is discussed to shed light on further promising strategies to control peri-implantitis.
Collapse
|
54
|
Shi T, Ruan Z, Wang X, Lian X, Chen Y. Erythrocyte Membrane-Enveloped Molybdenum Disulfide Nanodots for Biofilm Elimination on Implants via Toxin Neutralization and Immune Modulation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1805-1820. [PMID: 35199816 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02615a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Implant-related infections (IRIs) caused by bacterial biofilms remain a prevalent but tricky clinical issue, which are characterized by drug resistance, toxin impairment and immunity suppression. Recently, antimicrobial therapies based on...
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingwang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China.
| | - Zesong Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Lian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China.
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Shanghai Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ma X, Gao Y, Zhao D, Zhang W, Zhao W, Wu M, Cui Y, Li Q, Zhang Z, Ma C. Titanium Implants and Local Drug Delivery Systems Become Mutual Promoters in Orthopedic Clinics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:47. [PMID: 35009997 PMCID: PMC8746425 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium implants have always been regarded as one of the gold standard treatments for orthopedic applications, but they still face challenges such as pain, bacterial infections, insufficient osseointegration, immune rejection, and difficulty in personalizing treatment in the clinic. These challenges may lead to the patients having to undergo a painful second operation, along with increased economic burden, but the use of drugs is actively solving these problems. The use of systemic drug delivery systems through oral, intravenous, and intramuscular injection of various drugs with different pharmacological properties has effectively reduced the levels of inflammation, lowered the risk of endophytic bacterial infection, and regulated the progress of bone tumor cells, processing and regulating the balance of bone metabolism around the titanium implants. However, due to the limitations of systemic drug delivery systems-such as pharmacokinetics, and the characteristics of bone tissue in the event of different forms of trauma or disease-sometimes the expected effect cannot be achieved. Meanwhile, titanium implants loaded with drugs for local administration have gradually attracted the attention of many researchers. This article reviews the latest developments in local drug delivery systems in recent years, detailing how various types of drugs cooperate with titanium implants to enhance antibacterial, antitumor, and osseointegration effects. Additionally, we summarize the improved technology of titanium implants for drug loading and the control of drug release, along with molecular mechanisms of bone regeneration and vascularization. Finally, we lay out some future prospects in this field.
Collapse
|
56
|
Sato H, Ishihata H, Kameyama Y, Shimpo R, Komasa S. Professional Mechanical Tooth Cleaning Method for Dental Implant Surface by Agar Particle Blasting. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226805. [PMID: 34832206 PMCID: PMC8622555 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral dysfunction due to peri-implantitis and shortened life of implants has become a major concern. Self-care and removal of oral biofilms by professional mechanical tooth cleaning (PMTC) are indispensable for its prevention. However, if the surface roughness of the implant is increased, it may result in the adhesion of biofilm in the oral cavity. Therefore, the PMTC method can serve for long-term implant management. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been used as a cleaning method for implant surfaces; however, there is concern that the implant surface roughness could increase due to particle collision. Therefore, in this study, to establish a blasting cleaning method that does not adversely affect the implant surface, a new blasting cleaning method using agar particles was devised and its practical application examined. When the simulated stains were blasted with white alumina (WA) abrasive grains and CaCO3 particles, the simulated stains were almost removed, the surface roughness changed to a satin-finished surface—which was thought to be due to fine scratches—and the surface roughness increased. Most of the simulated stains were removed on the surface of the sample blasted with glycine particles and agar particles. Conversely, the gloss of the sample surface was maintained after cleaning, and the increase in surface roughness was slight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Sato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Ishihata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Kameyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryokichi Shimpo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3084; Fax: +81-72-864-3184
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Brunello G, Becker K, Scotti L, Drescher D, Becker J, John G. The Effects of Three Chlorhexidine-Based Mouthwashes on Human Osteoblast-Like SaOS-2 Cells. An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189986. [PMID: 34576150 PMCID: PMC8470316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several decontamination methods for removing biofilm from implant surfaces during surgical peri-implantitis treatment have been reported, including the intraoperative usage of chlorhexidine (CHX)-based antiseptics. There is a lack of information on possible adverse effects on bone healing. The study aimed to examine the impact of three CHX-based mouthwashes on osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) in vitro. Cells were cultured for three days in 96-well binding plates. Each well was randomly treated for either 30, 60 or 120 s with 0.05% CHX combined with 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 0.1% CHX, 0.2% CHX or sterile saline (NaCl) as control. Cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed at day 0, 3 and 6. Cell viability resulted in being higher in the control group at all time points. At day 0, the CHX 0.2 group showed significantly higher cytotoxicity values compared to CHX 0.1 (30 s), CHX + CPC (30 s, 60 s and 120 s) and control (60 s and 120 s), while no significant differences were identified between CHX + CPC and both CHX 0.1 and NaCl groups. All test mouthwashes were found to induce apoptosis to a lower extent compared to control. Results indicate that 0.2% CHX presented the highest cytotoxic effect. Therefore, its intraoperative use should be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brunello
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (G.B.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (G.J.)
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-8118145
| | - Luisa Scotti
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (G.B.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (G.J.)
- Dental Practice, 46147 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Dieter Drescher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (G.B.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (G.J.)
| | - Gordon John
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (G.B.); (L.S.); (J.B.); (G.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Peng TY, Shih YH, Hsia SM, Wang TH, Li PJ, Lin DJ, Sun KT, Chiu KC, Shieh TM. In Vitro Assessment of the Cell Metabolic Activity, Cytotoxicity, Cell Attachment, and Inflammatory Reaction of Human Oral Fibroblasts on Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implant-Abutment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172995. [PMID: 34503035 PMCID: PMC8433877 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to compare the cytotoxicity of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) with conventional dental implant–abutment materials, namely titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), to evaluate the cell metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, and inflammation potential of human oral fibroblasts (HOF) on these materials. Disk-shaped specimens were designed and prepared via a dental computer-aided manufacturing technology system. Surface topography, roughness, and free energy were investigated by atomic force microscope and contact angle analyzer; cell metabolic activity and cytotoxicity by MTT assay; and morphological changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of pro-inflammatory gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The obtained data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey’s honest significant difference tests. PEEK and PEKK exhibited higher submicron surface roughness (0.04 μm) and hydrophobicity (>80°) than the control. Although the cell activity of PEEK was lower than that of Ti-6Al-4V and Y-TZP for the first 24 h (p < 0.05), after 48 h there was no difference (p > 0.05). According to the cell cytotoxicity and the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression assays, there was no difference between the materials (p > 0.05). SEM observations indicated that HOF adhered poorly to PEKK but properly to Ti-6Al-4V, Y-TZP, and PEEK. PEEK and PEKK show comparable epithelial biological responses to Ti-6Al-4V and Y-TZP as implant–abutment materials. Between the two polymeric materials, the PEEK surface, where the HOF showed better cell metabolic activity and cytotoxicity, was a more promising implant–abutment material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (P.-J.L.); (D.-J.L.); (K.-T.S.)
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Jung Li
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (P.-J.L.); (D.-J.L.); (K.-T.S.)
| | - Dan-Jae Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (P.-J.L.); (D.-J.L.); (K.-T.S.)
| | - Kuo-Ting Sun
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (P.-J.L.); (D.-J.L.); (K.-T.S.)
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; or
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (P.-J.L.); (D.-J.L.); (K.-T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2316)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lee JH, Ha JH. Bioelectric Effect of a Microcurrent Toothbrush on Plaque Removal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168255. [PMID: 34444003 PMCID: PMC8394510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a microcurrent toothbrush (approved by the US Food and Drug Administration [FDA]), which employs a superimposed alternating and direct electric current, named as a Proxywave® technology, similar to the intensity of the biocurrent, in plaque removal and reducing gingivitis by biofilm removal through the bioelectric effect. This study enrolled 40 volunteers with gingivitis. Dental observations were made every two weeks, before and after the use of each toothbrush. We randomly assigned participants into two groups: one group used the Proxywave® toothbrush (PB) for two weeks followed by the control toothbrush (CB) for two weeks, while the other group used the CB for two weeks followed by the PB. The participants had a two-week washout period. If the toothbrush used earlier has had an effect on the bacterial flora in the oral cavity, this is to remove this effect and return it to its previous state. During each dental visit, we recorded plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) scores. The PI and GI scores were significantly lower in both the PB and the CB (p < 0.05). Considering the PI, there was no significant difference between the toothbrushes on all the surfaces. Considering the GI, the PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal surface, compared to the CB (p < 0.05). The PB showed a significant decrease in the interproximal GI and had a beneficial effect in the interproximal area where the bristles could not reach. No adverse events were observed in the participants during the clinical trial. The microcurrent toothbrush is a device that can be safely used for plaque removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44033, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-52-250-7230
| | - Jin-Hee Ha
- Department of Dentistry, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Jorio IC, Stawarczyk B, Attin T, Schmidlin PR, Sahrmann P. Reduced fracture load of dental implants after implantoplasty with different instrumentation sequences. An in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2021; 32:881-892. [PMID: 34031921 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the mechanical stability of implants after implantoplasty and thermocyclic loading, the residual thickness of the instrumented areas and neighbouring tooth injury due to implantoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a phantom head simulator and maxillary model implants were subjected to an implantoplasty procedure. Thirty implants were randomly assigned to receive one of three instrumentation sequences. After instrumentation, injury on neighbouring teeth was assessed. Instrumented implants and non-instrumented controls were subjected to 1.2 million cycles of thermo-mechanical loading in a chewing machine. Afterwards, maximum fracture load for all implants and an additional five pristine control implants was tested. RESULTS Generally, damage of neighbour teeth was a frequent finding (33 ± 56% of all cases) with considerable inter-group differences. No considerable inter-group difference for the residual implant thickness was found for different areas assessed. No implant fractured during cyclic loading. Fracture load was reduced after cyclic loading of uninstrumented implants from 2,724 ± 70 N to 2,299 ± 127 N, and after implantoplasty to 1,737 ± 165 N, while no effect by the instrumentation sequence could be observed. CONCLUSIONS Both implantoplasty and cyclic loading were shown to reduce the implants' maximum bending strength. Cyclic loading in a laboratory masticator, simulating a five-year equivalent of chewing, did not result in fractured implants. Since neighbouring tooth injury was assessed often, care should be taken with the selection of suitable instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Jorio
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Polymeri A, van der Horst J, Buijs MJ, Zaura E, Wismeijer D, Crielaard W, Loos BG, Laine ML, Brandt BW. Submucosal microbiome of peri-implant sites: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1228-1239. [PMID: 34101220 PMCID: PMC8457166 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the peri-implant submucosal microbiome in relation to implant disease status, dentition status, smoking habit, gender, implant location, implant system, time of functional loading, probing pocket depth (PPD), and presence of bleeding on probing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biofilm samples were collected from the deepest peri-implant site of 41 patients with paper points, and analysed using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. RESULTS We observed differences in microbial profiles by PPD, implant disease status, and dentition status. Microbiota in deep pockets included higher proportions of the genera Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Anaeroglobus compared with shallow pockets that harboured more Rothia, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Streptococcus. Peri-implantitis (PI) sites were dominated by Fusobacterium and Treponema compared with healthy implants and peri-implant mucositis, which were mostly colonized by Rothia and Streptococcus. Partially edentulous (PE) individuals presented more Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Rothia, whereas fully edentulous individuals presented more Veillonella and Streptococcus. CONCLUSIONS PPD, implant disease status, and dentition status may affect the submucosal ecology leading to variation in composition of the microbiome. Deep pockets, PI, and PE individuals were dominated by Gram-negative anaerobic taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Polymeri
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van der Horst
- Department Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egija Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Kreve S, Reis ACD. Bacterial adhesion to biomaterials: What regulates this attachment? A review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2021; 57:85-96. [PMID: 34188729 PMCID: PMC8215285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to the surface of dental materials play a significant role in infections. The factors that govern microbial attachment involves different types of physical-chemical interactions and biological processes. Studying bacterial adhesion makes it possible to understand the mechanisms involved in attachment and helps in the search for technologies that promote antibacterial surfaces.
Bacterial attachment to biomaterials is of great interest to the medical and dental field due to its impact on dental implants, dental prostheses, and others, leading to the need to introduce methods for biofilm control and mitigation of infections. Biofilm adhesion is a multifactorial process and involves characteristics relevant to the bacterial cell as well as biological, chemical, and physical properties relative to the surface of biomaterials. Bacteria encountered different environmental conditions during their growth and developed interspecies communication strategies, as well as various mechanisms to detect the environment and facilitate survival, such as chemical sensors or physical detection mechanisms. However, the factors that govern microbial attachment to surfaces are not yet fully understood. In order to understand how bacteria interact with surfaces, as well as to characterize the physical-chemical properties of bacteria adhesins, and to determine their interrelation with the adhesion to the substrate, in recent years new techniques of atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been developed and helped by providing quantitative results. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the factors that regulate microbial adhesion to surfaces in order to offer a guide to studies to obtain technologies that provide an antimicrobial surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kreve
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP-University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Li Y, Ling J, Jiang Q. Inflammasomes in Alveolar Bone Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691013. [PMID: 34177950 PMCID: PMC8221428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is tightly controlled by osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Fine tuning of the osteoclast-osteoblast balance results in strict synchronization of bone resorption and formation, which maintains structural integrity and bone tissue homeostasis; in contrast, dysregulated bone remodeling may cause pathological osteolysis, in which inflammation plays a vital role in promoting bone destruction. The alveolar bone presents high turnover rate, complex associations with the tooth and periodontium, and susceptibility to oral pathogenic insults and mechanical stress, which enhance its complexity in host defense and bone remodeling. Alveolar bone loss is also involved in systemic bone destruction and is affected by medication or systemic pathological factors. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the osteoimmunological mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of alveolar bone remodeling. The inflammasome is a supramolecular protein complex assembled in response to pattern recognition receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis downstream of inflammasome activation also facilitates the clearance of intracellular pathogens and irritants. However, inadequate or excessive activity of the inflammasome may allow for persistent infection and infection spreading or uncontrolled destruction of the alveolar bone, as commonly observed in periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, peri-implantitis, orthodontic tooth movement, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, nonsterile or sterile osteomyelitis of the jaw, and osteoporosis. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the role and mechanism of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and development of etiologically diverse diseases associated with alveolar bone loss. Inappropriate inflammasome activation may drive alveolar osteolysis by regulating cellular players, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T helper 17 cells, causing increased osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and enhanced periodontium inflammation by creating a pro-inflammatory milieu in a context- and cell type-dependent manner. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies targeting inappropriate inflammasome activity in the treatment of alveolar bone loss. Novel strategies for inhibiting inflammasome signaling may facilitate the development of versatile drugs that carefully balance the beneficial contributions of inflammasomes to host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzhou Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Sedghizadeh PP, Sun S, Jones AC, Sodagar E, Cherian P, Chen C, Junka AF, Neighbors JD, McKenna CE, Russell RGG, Ebetino FH. Bisphosphonates in dentistry: Historical perspectives, adverse effects, and novel applications. Bone 2021; 147:115933. [PMID: 33757899 PMCID: PMC8076070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the potential role of bisphosphonates in dentistry date back to physical chemical research in the 1960s, and the genesis of the discovery of bisphosphonate pharmacology in part can be linked to some of this work. Since that time, parallel research on the effects of bisphosphonates on bone metabolism continued, while efforts in the dental field included studies of bisphosphonate effects on dental calculus, caries, and alveolar bone loss. While some utility of this drug class in the dental field was identified, leading to their experimental use in various dentrifice formulations and in some dental applications clinically, adverse effects of bisphosphonates in the jaws have also received attention. Most recently, certain bisphosphonates, particularly those with strong bone targeting properties, but limited biochemical effects (low potency bisphosphonates), are being studied as a local remedy for the concerns of adverse effects associated with other more potent members of this drug class. Additionally, low potency bisphosphonate analogs are under study as vectors to target active drugs to the mineral surfaces of the jawbones. These latter efforts have been devised for the prevention and treatment of oral problems, such as infections associated with oral surgery and implants. Advances in the utility and mechanistic understanding of the bisphosphonate class may enable additional oral therapeutic options for the management of multiple aspects of dental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parish P Sedghizadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
| | - Shuting Sun
- BioVinc LLC, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Allan C Jones
- General Dental Practice; Torrance, California, United States
| | - Esmat Sodagar
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Philip Cherian
- BioVinc LLC, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Casey Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences & Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Adam F Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical University of Wroclaw; Wroclaw Research Centre EIT, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jeffrey D Neighbors
- BioVinc LLC, Pasadena, California, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - R Graham G Russell
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- BioVinc LLC, Pasadena, California, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Liu Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Wu Y, Tang C. Covalent immobilization of the phytic acid-magnesium layer on titanium improves the osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111768. [PMID: 33872830 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve early osseointegration and long-term survival rate of implants, a multifunctional titanium surface that promotes osteogenesis and antibacterial properties is expected. Incorporation of bioactive trace elements such as magnesium ions was proved a promising method to improve osseointegration of titanium. Phytic acid has strong chelating ability with multivalent cations, which has been used in surface modification. Moreover, phytic acid was proved antibacterial potential. Herein, to improve the osteogenic and antibacterial properties, a phytic acid-magnesium (PA-Mg) layer was introduced on titanium using phytic acid as a cross-linker molecule. No obvious changes of the surface characterization were observed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the PA-Mg layer covalently bond to the Ti surface, and the thickness of the PA-Mg layer was about 150 nm. Besides, improved hydrophilic and more protein adsorption were observed on Ti-PA-Mg. Notably, a relatively controlled magnesium release was also observed on Ti-PA-Mg. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells showed better adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation on Ti-PA-Mg samples, indicating improved biocompatibility and osteoinductivity. Moreover, Ti-PA-Mg had better antibacterial properties against porphyromonas gingivalis than Ti. Overall, the PA-Mg layer on Ti surface improved the osteogenic and antibacterial properties, which may have promise for use in dental implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yizhen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Kaur M, Abou-Arraj RV, Lin CP, Geisinger ML, Geurs NC. A 5-year retrospective analysis of biologic and prosthetic complications associated with single-tooth endosseous dental implants: Practical applications. Clin Adv Periodontics 2021; 11:225-232. [PMID: 33829671 DOI: 10.1002/cap.10155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
FOCUSED CLINICAL QUESTION What are the key considerations of the incidence and timing for single-tooth implant complications, including early failure, biological complications, and prosthetic complications? SUMMARY Single-tooth dental implants have been shown to have a high overall survival rate, but implant complications affect patient satisfaction and may lead to costly and/or time-consuming repair and revision. Assessing the incidence and types of biologic and prosthetic complications and the timing of such complications is helpful so that the underlying causes can be addressed during the treatment planning process. Furthermore, identification of patient demographics, patient-, implant-, and site-specific factors associated with such complications may allow for more comprehensive risk assessment during treatment planning. CONCLUSIONS Overall, dental implants have a high survival rate. Identification of the incidence of both biologic and prosthetic complications and minimizing their impact in patients with dental implants is critical to overall implant success. Utilization of careful treatment planning and dental implant fixtures, surgical protocols, and prosthetic designs that reduce complication rates can improve patient acceptance and outcomes. Further research is necessary to fully assess complication rates and risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ramzi V Abou-Arraj
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chee Paul Lin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Maria L Geisinger
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nicolaas C Geurs
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Metabolic activity of hydro-carbon-oxo-borate on a multispecies subgingival periodontal biofilm: a short communication. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5945-5953. [PMID: 33774716 PMCID: PMC8443475 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the metabolic activity of hydro-carbon-oxo-borate complex (HCOBc) on a multispecies subgingival biofilm as well as its effects on cytotoxicity. Materials and methods The subgingival biofilm with 32 species related to periodontitis was formed in the Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) for 7 days. Two different therapeutic schemes were adopted: (1) treatment with HCOBc, 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), and negative control group (without treatment) from day 3 until day 6, two times a day for 1 min each time, totaling 8 treatments and (2) a 24-h treatment on a biofilm grown for 6 days. After 7 days of formation, biofilm metabolic activity was determined by colorimetry assay, and bacterial counts and proportions of complexes were determined by DNA-DNA hybridization. Both substances’ cytotoxicity was evaluated by cell viability (XTT assay) and clonogenic survival assay on ovary epithelial CHO-K1 cells and an osteoblast precursor from calvaria MC3T3-E1 cells. Results The first treatment scheme resulted in a significant reduction in biofilm’s metabolic activity by means of 77% by HCOBc and CHX treatments versus negative control. The total count of 11 and 25 species were decreased by treatment with hydro-carbon-oxo-borate complex and CHX, respectively, compared with the group without treatment (p < 0.05), highlighting a reduction in the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium periodontium. CHX significantly reduced the count of 10 microorganisms compared to the group treated with HCOBc (p < 0.05). HCOBc and CHX significantly decreased the pathogenic red-complex proportion compared with control-treated biofilm, and HCOBc had even a more significant effect on the red complex than CHX had (p ≤ 0.05). For the second treatment scheme, HCOBc complex and CHX significantly decreased 61 and 72% of control biofilms’ metabolic activity and the counts of 27 and 26 species, respectively. HCOBc complex did not significantly affect the proportions of formed biofilms, while CHX significantly reduced red, orange, and yellow complexes. Both substances exhibited similar cytotoxicity results. Conclusions This short communication suggested that the HCOBc complex reduced a smaller number of bacterial species when compared to chlorhexidine during subgingival biofilm formation, but it was better than chlorhexidine in reducing red-complex bacterial proportions. Although HCOBc reduced the mature 6-day-old subgingival multispecies biofilms, it did not modify bacterial complexes’ ratios as chlorhexidine did on the biofilms mentioned above. Future in vivo studies are needed to validate these results. Clinical relevance HCOBc complex could be used to reduce red-complex periodontal bacterial proportions.
Collapse
|
68
|
Modification of the Lipid Profile of the Initial Oral Biofilm In Situ Using Linseed Oil as Mouthwash. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030989. [PMID: 33808527 PMCID: PMC8003129 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are of interest for the targeted modification of oral bioadhesion processes. Therefore, the sustainable effects of linseed oil on the composition and ultrastructure of the in situ pellicle were investigated. Unlike saliva, linseed oil contains linolenic acid (18:3), which served as a marker for lipid accumulation. Individual splints with bovine enamel slabs were worn by five subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation, rinses were performed with linseed oil for 10 min, and the slabs' oral exposure was continued for up to 2 or 8 h. Gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS) was used to characterize the fatty acid composition of the pellicle samples. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to analyze the ultrastructure. Extensive accumulation of linolenic acid was recorded in the samples of all subjects 2 h after the rinse and considerable amounts persisted after 8 h. The ultrastructure of the 2 h pellicle was less electron-dense and contained lipid vesicles when compared with controls. After 8 h, no apparent ultrastructural effects were visible. Linolenic acid is an excellent marker for the investigation of fatty acid accumulation in the pellicle. New preventive strategies could benefit from the accumulation of lipid components in the pellicle.
Collapse
|
69
|
Peng TY, Lin DJ, Mine Y, Tasi CY, Li PJ, Shih YH, Chiu KC, Wang TH, Hsia SM, Shieh TM. Biofilm Formation on the Surface of (Poly)Ether-Ether-Ketone and In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy on Peri-Implant Mucositis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060940. [PMID: 33803736 PMCID: PMC8003156 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is an aesthetically pleasing natural material with good biocompatibility and shock absorption characteristics. The application of PEEK as a dental implant or abutment is expected to reduce the risk of failure and enhance aesthetics. Given that approximately one in 15 patients have allergic reactions to antibiotics, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been gaining attention as an alternative treatment. Herein, the applicability of PEEK dental implants or abutments was investigated using material analyses, biofilm formation assay, and cell viability tests. The possible use of PDT for peri-implant mucositis was evaluated with the biofilm removal assay. The obtained data were analyzed based on the multivariate analysis of variance, paired t-tests, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). The results revealed that PEEK was significantly less conducive to the formation of biofilms with S. mutans and A. actinomycetemcomitan (p < 0.001) but exhibited comparable MG-63 (human osteoblast-like) osteoblast cell viability (p > 0.05) to the other materials. PDT had similar antimicrobial efficacy and yielded similar biofilm removal effects to antibiotics. Altogether, these findings suggest that PEEK has attractive features and can serve as an alternative material for dental implants or abutments. In cases where peri-implant mucositis occurs, PDT can be used as an accessible therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (D.-J.L.); (P.-J.L.)
| | - Dan-Jae Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (D.-J.L.); (P.-J.L.)
| | - Yuichi Mine
- Department of Medical System Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Chi-Yang Tasi
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Jung Li
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (D.-J.L.); (P.-J.L.)
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-C.C.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2316) (T.-M.S.)
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (T.-Y.P.); (D.-J.L.); (P.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.-C.C.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2316) (T.-M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Korsch M, Marten SM, Stoll D, Prechtl C, Dötsch A. Microbiological findings in early and late implant loss: an observational clinical case-controlled study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:112. [PMID: 33706748 PMCID: PMC7948356 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implants are a predictable and well-established treatment method in dentistry. Nevertheless, looking at possible failures of dental implants, early and late loss have to be distinguished. The intent of the study was to report microbiological findings on the surface of implants with severe peri-implantitis, which had to be explanted. Methods 53 specimens of implants from 48 patients without severe general illnesses have been examined. The groups investigated were implants that had to be removed in the period of osseointegration (early loss, 13 patients with 14 implants) or after the healing period (late loss, 14 patients with 17 implants). The implant losses were compared with two control groups (implants with no bone loss directly after completed osseointegration, two to four months after implant placement (17 patients with 17 implants) and implants with no bone loss and prosthetic restoration for more than three years (5 patients with 5 implants)). Data about the bacteria located in the peri-implant sulcus was collected using amplification and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Results The biofilm composition differed substantially between individuals. Both in early and late implant loss, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were found to be abundant. Late lost implants showed higher bacterial diversity and in addition higher abundances of Treponema, Fretibacterium, Pseudoramibacter and Desulfobulbus, while microbial communities of early loss implants were very heterogeneous and showed no significantly more abundant bacterial taxa. Conclusions Specific peri-implant pathogens were found around implants that were lost after a primarily uneventful osseointegration. P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum frequently colonized the implant in early and late losses and could therefore be characteristic for implant loss in general. In general, early lost implants showed also lower microbial diversity than late losses. However, the microbial results were not indicative of the causes of early and late losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Korsch
- Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Lorenzstrasse 7, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Center for Implantology and Oral Surgery, Berliner Straße 41, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Silke-Mareike Marten
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominic Stoll
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Prechtl
- Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Lorenzstrasse 7, 76135, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Center for Implantology and Oral Surgery, Berliner Straße 41, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Terlep S, Hympanova M, Dogsa I, Pajk F, Stopar D. Photoacoustic removal of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms from titanium surface with an Er:YAG laser using super short pulses. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:381-390. [PMID: 33619682 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms that grow on implant surfaces pose a great risk and challenge for the dental implant survival. In this work, we have applied Er:YAG photoacoustic irrigation using super short pulses (Er:YAG-SSP) to remove biofilms from the titanium surfaces in the non-contact mode. Mature Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were treated with saline solution, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide, or photoacoustically with Er:YAG-SSP for 10 or 60 s. The number of total and viable bacteria as well as biofilm surface coverage was determined prior and after different treatments. Er:YAG-SSP photoacoustic treatment significantly increases the biofilm removal rate compared to saline or chemically treated biofilms. Up to 92% of biofilm-covered surface can be cleaned in non-contact mode during 10 s without the use of abrasives or chemicals. In addition, Er:YAG-SSP photoacoustic irrigation significantly decreases the number of viable bacteria that remained on the titanium surface. Within the limitations of the present in vitro model, the ER:YAG-SSP seems to constitute an efficient therapeutic option for quick debridement and decontamination of titanium implants without using abrasives or chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saša Terlep
- Fotona d.o.o., Stegne 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michaela Hympanova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence in Brno, Trebesska 1575, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franja Pajk
- Fotona d.o.o., Stegne 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Chen X, Xing H, Zhou Z, Hao Y, Zhang X, Qi F, Zhao J, Gao L, Wang X. Nanozymes go oral: nanocatalytic medicine facilitates dental health. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1491-1502. [PMID: 33427841 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes are multi-functional nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, which rapidly won a place in biomedicine due to their number of nanocatalytic materials types and applications. Yan and Gao first discovered horseradish peroxidase-like activity in ferromagnetic nanoparticles in 2007. With the joint efforts of many scientists, a new concept-nanocatalytic medicine-is emerging. Nanozymes overcome the inherent disadvantages of natural enzymes, such as poor environmental stability, high production costs, difficult storage and so on. Their progress in dentistry is following the advancement of materials science. The oral research and application of nanozymes is becoming a new branch of nanocatalytic medicine. In order to highlight the great contribution of nanozymes facilitating dental health, we first review the overall research progress of multi-functional nanozymes in oral related diseases, including treating dental caries, dental pulp diseases, oral ulcers and peri-implantitis; the monitoring of oral cancer, oral bacteria and ions; and the regeneration of soft and hard tissue. Additionally, we also propose the challenges remaining for nanozymes in terms of their research and application, and mention future concerns. We believe that the new catalytic nanomaterials will play important roles in dentistry in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Chen
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China. and Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Helin Xing
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zilan Zhou
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China. and Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yujia Hao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China. and Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China. and Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China and CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China. and Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, China. and Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Cordeiro JM, Pires JM, Souza JGS, Lima CV, Bertolini MM, Rangel EC, Barão VAR. Optimizing citric acid protocol to control implant-related infections: An in vitro and in situ study. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:558-568. [PMID: 33538336 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to establish an optimized protocol for biofilm removal from titanium (Ti) surfaces using citric acid (CA) solutions. BACKGROUND Biofilm accumulation is the main factor to trigger peri-implant infections and to increase the risk of treatment failures. Although CA has been suggested as the anti-infective agent with highest potential for biofilm removal on Ti, there is no consensus that CA could improve the anti-infective treatment and its effect. METHODS Physical and chemical alterations, electrochemical behavior, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial effect of CA on Ti discs were evaluated using four concentrations (1, 10, 20, and 40%) and two application methods (immersion and rubbing). Negative control using 0.9% NaCl was used in all experiments. To evaluate whether different application times can have similar response, polymicrobial biofilm (microcosm model) was formed on Ti and treated with CA for 1, 2, 4, and 8 min. An in situ study was conducted to verify whether the established protocol is equally effective in biofilms formed on machined and sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces. RESULTS CA 40% induced significantly higher surface alterations observed by confocal images and profilometry. In general, rubbing protocol decreased the surface roughness and increased the wettability (p < 0.05), exhibiting better surface cleaning by biofilm removal. CA 10% presented no indirect cytotoxicity and, when applied by rubbing for 8 min, presented proper in vitro antibacterial action and potential corrosion inhibition. When CA 10% was rubbed on Ti surfaces for 4 min, it displayed optimum cleaning ability as 8 min, working equally to remove in situ biofilm on machined and SLA surfaces. CONCLUSIONS The application of CA 10% by rubbing for at least 4 min demonstrated to be a promising protocol to eliminate biofilms formed in smooth and rougher surfaces, which could improve implant-related infection therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jairo M Cordeiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Júlia M Pires
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - João G S Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas (FCO), Montes Claros, Brazil.,Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | | | - Martinna M Bertolini
- Division of Periodontology, Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Harrell JE, Hahn MM, D'Souza SJ, Vasicek EM, Sandala JL, Gunn JS, McLachlan JB. Salmonella Biofilm Formation, Chronic Infection, and Immunity Within the Intestine and Hepatobiliary Tract. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:624622. [PMID: 33604308 PMCID: PMC7885405 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.624622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the species of Salmonella enterica, there is significant diversity represented among the numerous subspecies and serovars. Collectively, these account for microbes with variable host ranges, from common plant and animal colonizers to extremely pathogenic and human-specific serovars. Despite these differences, many Salmonella species find commonality in the ability to form biofilms and the ability to cause acute, latent, or chronic disease. The exact outcome of infection depends on many factors such as the growth state of Salmonella, the environmental conditions encountered at the time of infection, as well as the infected host and immune response elicited. Here, we review the numerous biofilm lifestyles of Salmonella (on biotic and abiotic surfaces) and how the production of extracellular polymeric substances not only enhances long-term persistence outside the host but also is an essential function in chronic human infections. Furthermore, careful consideration is made for the events during initial infection that allow for gut transcytosis which, in conjunction with host immune functions, often determine the progression of disease. Both typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellae can cause chronic and/or secondary infections, thus the adaptive immune responses to both types of bacteria are discussed with particular attention to the differences between Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium, and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella that can result in differential immune responses. Finally, while strides have been made in our understanding of immunity to Salmonella in the lymphoid organs, fewer definitive studies exist for intestinal and hepatobiliary immunity. By examining our current knowledge and what remains to be determined, we provide insight into new directions in the field of Salmonella immunity, particularly as it relates to chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaikin E Harrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mark M Hahn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shaina J D'Souza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Erin M Vasicek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jenna L Sandala
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John S Gunn
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - James B McLachlan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Zhang Z, Li B, Cai Q, Qiao S, Wang D, Wang H, Zhang H, Yang Y, Meng W. Synergistic effects of D-arginine, D-methionine and D-histidine against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:222-234. [PMID: 33682548 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1893309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms are implicated in the pathology of peri-implantitis and periodontitis. In this study, D-arginine (R), D-methionine (M), D-histidine (H), and a mixture of these D-amino acids (D-AAs) were investigated as an effective therapeutic strategy against P. gingivalis biofilms. The bacterial growth activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for each D-AA, along with the effects of the D-AAs mixture on biofilm development, morphology, structure, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), cytotoxicity towards commensals, and bacterial structure. The D-AA mixture delayed the proliferation of P. gingivalis, changed its membrane structure, and decreased biofilm thickness and integrity, as compared with individual D-AAs. The EPS content increased with the concentration of D-AAs. The present study shows that a 4 mM RMH, triple D-AA mixture, enhanced deleterious effects on P. gingivalis biofilms without any cytotoxicity compared with individual D-AAs, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of peri-implantitis and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuwei Qiao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyan Meng
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Romanos GE, Fischer GA, Delgado-Ruiz R. Titanium Wear of Dental Implants from Placement, under Loading and Maintenance Protocols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1067. [PMID: 33494539 PMCID: PMC7865642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to analyze the process of wear of implants leading to the shedding of titanium particles into the peri-implant hard and soft tissues. Titanium is considered highly biocompatible with low corrosion and toxicity, but recent studies indicate that this understanding may be misleading as the properties of the material change drastically when titanium nanoparticles (NPs) are shed from implant surfaces. These NPs are immunogenic and are associated with a macrophage-mediated inflammatory response by the host. The literature discussed in this review indicates that titanium NPs may be shed from implant surfaces at the time of implant placement, under loading conditions, and during implant maintenance procedures. We also discuss the significance of the micro-gap at the implant-abutment interface and the effect of size of the titanium particles on their toxicology. These findings are significant as the titanium particles can have adverse effects on local soft and hard tissues surrounding implants, implant health and prognosis, and even the health of systemic tissues and organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E. Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant-, Phototherapy (LA-PIP), School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA;
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerard A. Fischer
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory for Periodontal-, Implant-, Phototherapy (LA-PIP), School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, 106 Rockland Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA;
| | - Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Martorano-Fernandes L, Rodrigues NC, de Souza Borges MH, Cavalcanti YW, de Almeida LDFD. Interkingdom interaction between C. albicans and S. salivarius on titanium surfaces. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:349. [PMID: 33261593 PMCID: PMC7706213 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In oral candidiasis models, Candida albicans and Streptococcus salivarius sp. biofilms have an antagonistic relationship. Due to this, S. salivarius have been used experimentally as probiotic. However, the interaction between these microorganisms in the peri-implantitis-like microenvironment remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between C. albicans and S. salivarius biofilms developed on titanium surfaces, under reduced oxygen levels. METHODS Titanium specimens were pre-conditioned with artificial saliva (1 h, 37 °C). Single-species biofilms of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) and co-culture biofilms of C. albicans and S. salivarius (ATCC 7073) was developed for 24 and 72 h on titanium specimens. Subsequently, the effect of these intervals of biofilm formation and the interactions among the cells were evaluated. Biofilms from cultures were collected and analyzed for cell viability (CFU/mL), biofilm biomass, and total protein dosage. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%). In addition, co-culture biofilms were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS C. albicans growth did not change due to the presence of S. salivarius. Besides, co-culture biofilms showed a significant difference in the number of viable cells between 24 and 72 h of biofilm development (p < 0.05). The highest biofilm biomass and protein dosage were observed in co-cultures at 72 h of biofilm development. Fluorescence microscopy showed that co-cultures biofilms at 24 h have limited number of pseudo-hyphal and hyphae cells of C. albicans. At 72 h, these types of cells have increased. S. salivarius in both stages of development was present in some clusters surrounded by C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS Co-cultivation of C. albicans with S. salivarius in biofilms developed on titanium surfaces, under lower oxygen levels, did not affect fungus growth. In addition, S. salivarius did not hind C. albicans virulence. These findings suggest that the use of S. salivarius as a probiotic would be ineffective in peri-implant disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loyse Martorano-Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Nadiny Cezar Rodrigues
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti
- Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Goo CL, Goh V. Beyond Osseointegration: Dealing With Late Dental Implant Complications. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 46:602-611. [PMID: 32838406 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-20-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chui Ling Goo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Victor Goh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Bai R, Peng L, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wei Y, Han B. Metallic Antibacterial Surface Treatments of Dental and Orthopedic Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204594. [PMID: 33076495 PMCID: PMC7658793 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors complex microbial communities, which leads to biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) during dental and orthopedic treatments. Conventional antibiotic treatments have met great challenges recently due to the increasing emergency of drug-resistant bacteria. To tackle this clinical issue, antibacterial surface treatments, containing surface modification and coatings, of dental and orthopedic materials have become an area of intensive interest now. Among various antibacterial agents used in surface treatments, metallic agents possess unique properties, mainly including broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, low potential to develop bacterial resistance, relative biocompatibility, and chemical stability. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on underlying antibacterial applications and the mechanisms of metallic agents in dentistry and orthopedics. An overview of the present review indicates that much work remains to be done to deepen the understanding of antibacterial mechanisms and potential side-effects of metallic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rushui Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (R.B.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liying Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (R.B.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (R.B.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (R.B.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (R.B.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (B.H.); Tel.: +86-010-82195584 (Y.W.); +86-010-82195381 (B.H.)
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (R.B.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (B.H.); Tel.: +86-010-82195584 (Y.W.); +86-010-82195381 (B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Stuani VT, Kim DM, Nagai M, Chen CY, Sant'Ana ACP. Effectiveness and surface changes of different decontamination protocols at smooth and minimally rough titanium surfaces. J Periodontol 2020; 92:704-715. [PMID: 32946119 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to evaluate titanium decontamination after different protocols while assessing changes in surface roughness, chemical composition, and wettability. METHODS Ninety-six smooth (S) and 96 minimally rough (R) titanium microimplants were used. Pristine microimplants were reserved for negative control (S-nC/R-nC, n = 9), while the remaining microimplants were incubated in Escherichia coli culture. Non-decontaminated microimplants were used as positive control (S-pC/R-pC, n = 3). The other microimplants were divided into seven different decontamination protocols (12 S/R per group): 24% EDTA, 2% chlorhexidine (CHL), gauze soaked in 2% chlorhexidine (GCHL), gauze soaked in ultrapure water (GMQ), scaling (SC), titanium brush (TiB), and implantoplasty (IP). Contaminated areas were assessed by scanning electron microscope images, chemical composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, wettability by meniscus technique, and roughness by an optical profiler. RESULTS Higher residual bacteria were observed in R-pC compared with S-pC (P <0.0001). When comparing S and R with their respective pC groups, the best results were obtained with GCHL, SC, TiB, and IP, with no difference between these protocols (P >0.05). Changes in surface roughness were observed after all treatments, with S/R-IP presenting the smoother and a less hydrophilic surface (P <0.05). Apart from IP protocol, all the other groups presented a more hydrophilic surface in R than in S microimplants (P <0.003). All decontamination protocols resulted in a lower percentage of superficial Ti when compared with S/R-nC (P <0.002). CONCLUSIONS All decontamination protocols resulted in changes in roughness, wettability, and chemical composition, but GCHL, SC, TiB, an IP presented the best decontamination outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor T Stuani
- Department of Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry-University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masazumi Nagai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adriana C P Sant'Ana
- Department of Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry-University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
D'Ercole S, Cellini L, Pilato S, Di Lodovico S, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Petrini M. Material characterization and Streptococcus oralis adhesion on Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium surfaces used in implantology. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:84. [PMID: 32989624 PMCID: PMC7522102 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Streptococcus oralis and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a novel material recently introduced in implantology. The topographical characterization and the Streptococcus oralis adhesion on this material were compared with other titanium surfaces, currently used for the production of dental implants: machined and double etched (DAE). The superficial micro-roughness of the PEEK discs was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, the Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analyzed their chemical composition. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the micro-topography and the sessile method to evaluate the wettability of the samples. Microbiological analysis measured the colony forming units (CFUs), the biomass (OD570 detection) and the cell viability after 24 and 48 h after Streptococcus oralis cultivation on the different discs, that were previously incubated with saliva. Results showed that PEEK was characterized by a micro-roughness that was similar to machined titanium but at nano-level the nano-roughness was significantly higher in respect to the other samples. The EDS showed that PEEK superficial composition was characterized mainly by Carbonium and Oxygen. The hydrophilicity and wetting properties of PEEK were similar to machined titanium; on the contrary, double etched discs (DAE) samples were characterized by significantly higher levels (p < 0.05). PEEK was characterized by significant lower CFUs, biomass and viable cells in respect to the titanium surfaces. No differences were found between machined and DAE. The anti-adhesive and antibacterial properties showed by PEEK at 24 and 48 h against a pioneer such as S. oralis, could have an important role in the prevention of all pathologies connected with biofilm formation, like peri-implantitis in dentistry or prosthetic failures in orthopedics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D'Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Serena Pilato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città S. Angelo, Via Petruzzi 42, 65013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Schuldt L, Bi J, Owen G, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Decontamination of rough implant surfaces colonized by multispecies oral biofilm by application of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin. J Periodontol 2020; 92:875-885. [PMID: 32853401 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decontamination of biofilm-infected rough implant surfaces is challenging. Platelet rich blood products have been shown to have anti-microbial properties against periodontal pathogens. Our aim was to investigate the effect of a potential biological implant surface disinfectant, leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), on a mature oral multispecies biofilm on a rough titanium surface. METHODS Sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium disks were inoculated with subgingival dental plaque and cultured anaerobically for 21 days. The L-PRF membranes were collected from 12 donors in three trials (four donors in each trial). The disks were rinsed with 0.9% NaCl and exposed to the cell-rich portion of the L-PRF membranes for 48 hours followed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis immediately or after rinsing with 0.9% NaCl prior to fixation. The presence of platelet factor-4 in the rinse samples was analyzed by Western blotting. Remaining bacteria were quantified from SEM images of the implant surfaces and their numbers statistically compared. RESULTS The L-PRF-treated samples without rinsing displayed numerous cells with multiple pseudopodia in immediate contact with bacteria that appeared perforated and increased in size. The cells were identified as platelets based on morphological criteria and by positive reaction for platelet factor-4 by Western blotting. After post-treatment rinsing, the L-PRF-treated disks displayed a significant reduction in bacterial counts (in average 92% reduction). CONCLUSION Application of L-PRF significantly reduced bacterial counts on contaminated SLA titanium surface, most likely through anti-microbial action by platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schuldt
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Jiarui Bi
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Gethin Owen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Ya Shen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
The Effects of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser (Er: YAG) Irradiation on Sandblasted and Acid-Etched (SLA) Titanium, an In Vitro Study. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13184174. [PMID: 32961798 PMCID: PMC7560302 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of peri-implantitis implies the decontamination of the surface of the fixture. This study aims to analyze the effect of the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Er: YAG) on sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) titanium. 30 titanium SLA disks were divided into three groups. In Group 1, the disks were left intact; on the contrary, both Groups 2 and 3 were irradiated with the Er: YAG laser at different settings, with a pulse duration of 300 μs and a period of 30 s. Group 2 was irradiated at 1 W and 100 mJ/pulse and Group 3 at 4 W and 400 mJ/pulse. The superficial changes at chemical, nano, and microscopical levels were detected through the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Dunn–Bonferroni Post Hoc analysis, detected the presence of statistically significant differences among the groups. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results showed that Er: YAG irradiation promoted a significant (p < 0.05) increase of oxides and a decrease of microscopical roughness and porosity on SLA disks. However, the protocol tested on group 3 seemed to be too aggressive for the titanium surface, as shown by the presence of micro-cracks and signs of coagulation, melting, and microfractures. In conclusion, Group 2 showed significantly minor surface alterations with respect to Group 3, and the increase of superficial oxide level, the decrease of porosity, and micro-roughness represent a positive alteration that could protect the materials against bacterial adhesion.
Collapse
|
84
|
In vitro surgical and non-surgical air-polishing efficacy for implant surface decontamination in three different defect configurations. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1743-1754. [PMID: 32813077 PMCID: PMC7966646 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Evaluation of surgical and non-surgical air-polishing in vitro efficacy for implant surface decontamination. Material and methods One hundred eighty implants were distributed to three differently angulated bone defect models (30°, 60°, 90°). Biofilm was imitated using indelible red color. Sixty implants were used for each defect, 20 of which were air-polished with three different types of glycine air powder abrasion (GAPA1–3) combinations. Within 20 equally air-polished implants, a surgical and non-surgical (with/without mucosa mask) procedure were simulated. All implants were photographed to determine the uncleaned surface. Changes in surface morphology were assessed using scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Results Cleaning efficacy did not show any significant differences between GAPA1–3 for surgical and non-surgical application. Within a cleaning method significant (p < 0.001) differences for GAPA2 between 30° (11.77 ± 2.73%) and 90° (7.25 ± 1.42%) in the non-surgical and 30° (8.26 ± 1.02%) and 60° (5.02 ± 0.84%) in the surgical simulation occurred. The surgical use of air-polishing (6.68 ± 1.66%) was significantly superior (p < 0.001) to the non-surgical (10.13 ± 2.75%). SEM micrographs showed no surface damages after use of GAPA. Conclusions Air-polishing is an efficient, surface protective method for surgical and non-surgical implant surface decontamination in this in vitro model. No method resulted in a complete cleaning of the implant surface. Clinical relevance Air-polishing appears to be promising for implant surface decontamination regardless of the device.
Collapse
|
85
|
Bunk D, Eisenburger M, Häckl S, Eberhard J, Stiesch M, Grischke J. The effect of adjuvant oral irrigation on self-administered oral care in the management of peri-implant mucositis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2020; 31:946-958. [PMID: 32716603 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This single-blinded randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of adjuvant oral irrigation in addition to self-administered oral care on prevalence and severity of peri-implant mucositis. MATERIAL & METHODS After randomization, patients suffering from peri-implant mucositis were assigned to the following: Group 1 (control) received oral hygiene instruction following a standardized protocol, including a sub- and supramucosal mechanical debridement. Group 2 and 3 additionally were instructed to use an oral irrigator with either water or 0.06% CHX solution. One implant per patient was considered for examination. Clinical examinations included Probing Depth, Bleeding on Probing (BOP-positive sites), and Modified Plaque and Gingival Index. A surrogate variable (mucositis severity score) was applied measuring severity of disease. Statistical analysis included linear regression models and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Sixty periodontally healthy patients were examined for presence and severity of peri-implant mucositis. 70% of all patients reached complete resolution of disease after 12 weeks. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis after 12 weeks was 50% in group 1, 35% in group 2, and 5% in group 3. Average BOP-positive sites were reduced in all groups after 12 weeks (mean change from baseline: group 1: -1.5; group 2: -1.8; group 3: -2.3). CONCLUSION Within the limits of the study, adjuvant use of an oral irrigator with 0.06% CHX in addition to mechanical biofilm removal and oral hygiene instruction can reduce the presence and severity of peri-implant mucositis after 12 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bunk
- Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael Eisenburger
- Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Häckl
- Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jörg Eberhard
- School of Dentistry and the Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Grischke
- Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Robokind Robotics for Mankind Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Geisinger ML, Calvert Grosso K, Kaur M, Abou-Arraj RV, Basma H, Ogdon D, Geurs NC. Clinical Decision Making for Primary Peri-Implantitis Prevention: Practical Applications. Clin Adv Periodontics 2020; 11:43-53. [PMID: 32702205 DOI: 10.1002/cap.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOCUSED CLINICAL QUESTION When planning dental implant therapy, what risk-reduction strategies allow practitioners to select patients, sites, and restorative plans that decrease the incidence of peri-implant disease? SUMMARY With a marked increase in the number of patients receiving dental implants to treat partial or complete edentulism, it follows that the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis have increased. Risks associated with implant therapies may vary based upon underlying local, environmental, surgical, patient, prosthetic, and fixture-related factors. Furthermore, an emphasis on preventative measures and maintenance should be undertaken to avoid development and progression of peri-implant diseases. Thorough risk assessment, proper treatment planning, and early diagnosis and intervention are critical in the absence of definitive data of long-term success of treatments for peri-implant condition. Given the difficulty in intervention once peri-implantitis is established, identification of risk factors and development of treatment plans to address those factors before dental implant therapy is critical to the long-term health and success of dental implants. CONCLUSIONS A patient-centered, evidence based approach to dental implant treatment planning to reduce the risk for peri-implantitis should be undertaken. Systematic diagnosis of disease state(s) and evaluation of the etiologic and modifying risk factors for peri-implant diseases can yield more optimal outcomes to reduce peri-implantitis rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Geisinger
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Maninder Kaur
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ramzi V Abou-Arraj
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hussein Basma
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dorothy Ogdon
- Lister Hill Library, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nicolaas C Geurs
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Chen X, Daliri EBM, Kim N, Kim JR, Yoo D, Oh DH. Microbial Etiology and Prevention of Dental Caries: Exploiting Natural Products to Inhibit Cariogenic Biofilms. Pathogens 2020; 9:E569. [PMID: 32674310 PMCID: PMC7400585 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most common microbe-mediated oral diseases in human beings. At present, the accepted etiology of caries is based on a four-factor theory that includes oral microorganisms, oral environment, host, and time. Excessive exposure to dietary carbohydrates leads to the accumulation of acid-producing and acid-resistant microorganisms in the mouth. Dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm adherent to the enamel surface. Effective preventive methods include inhibiting the cariogenic microorganisms, treatment with an anti-biofilm agent, and sugar intake control. The goal is to reduce the total amount of biofilm or the levels of specific pathogens. Natural products could be recommended for preventing dental caries, since they may possess fewer side effects in comparison with synthetic antimicrobials. Herein, the mechanisms of oral microbial community development and functional specialization are discussed. We highlight the application of widely explored natural products in the last five years for their ability to inhibit cariogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Namhyeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
| | - Jong-Rae Kim
- Hanmi Natural Nutrition Co., LTD 44-20, Tongil-ro 1888 beon-gil, Munsan, Paju, Gyeonggi 10808, Korea;
| | - Daesang Yoo
- H-FOOD, 108-66, 390 gil, Jingun Oh Nam-Ro, Nam Yang, Ju-Shi, Gyung Gi-Do 12041, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea; (X.C.); (E.B.-M.D.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Biofunctionalization of Microgroove Surfaces with Antibacterial Nanocoatings. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8387574. [PMID: 32626766 PMCID: PMC7317309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8387574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the physical properties of the modified microgroove (MG) and antibacterial nanocoated surfaces. In addition, the biological interactions of the modified surfaces with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the antibacterial activity of the surfaces against Porphyromonas gingivalis were studied. Methods The titanium nitride (TiN) and silver (Ag) coatings were deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering. A smooth titanium surface (Ti-S) was used as the control. The physicochemical properties including surface morphology, roughness, and hydrophilicity were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and an optical contact angle analyzer. The "contact guidance" morphology was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression level of the main focal adhesion-related structural protein vinculin was compared using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting. The antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit. Results The Ag and TiN antibacterial nanocoatings were successfully deposited onto the smooth and MG surfaces using magnetron sputtering technology. TiN coating on a grooved surface (TiN-MG) resulted in less nanoroughness and greater surface hydrophilicity than Ag coating on a smooth surface (Ag-S), which was more hydrophobic. Cell proliferation and expression of vinculin were higher on the TiN-MG surface than on the Ag-coated surfaces. Ag-coated surfaces showed the strongest antibacterial activity, followed by TiN-coated surfaces. Conclusion Nano-Ag coating resulted in good antimicrobial activity; however, the biocompatibility was questionable. TiN nanocoating on an MG surface showed antibacterial properties with an optimal biocompatibility and maintained the "contact guidance" effects for HGFs.
Collapse
|
89
|
Qin W, Wang C, Jiang C, Sun J, Yu C, Jiao T. Graphene Oxide Enables the Reosteogenesis of Previously Contaminated Titanium In Vitro. J Dent Res 2020; 99:922-929. [PMID: 32320640 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520913873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of peri-implantitis treatment is to control infection and arrest bone loss, which requires the removal of polymicrobial biofilms on the implant surface and the reduction of tissue invasion. Additionally, prognosis can be improved if reosseointegration occurs on previously contaminated implants. To evaluate whether graphene oxide (GO) can remove polymicrobial biofilms, biofilms were established on titanium surfaces in vitro and treated with different methods: group B, removed only with brushing; group G, treated with different GO concentrations (64, 128, 256, and 512 μg/mL); group GB, combined treatments of groups B and G; and group C, untreated. Subsequently, to evaluate reosteogenesis on previously contaminated titanium, 4 groups were used: groups C, B, GB-256, and GB-512 (treated with 256 and 512 μg/mL of GO, respectively). Intact clean titanium (IC) was used as a control. Additionally, cell behavior on IC treated with GB-256 (IGB-256) and GB-512 (IGB-512) was compared with that of the GB-256 and GB-512 groups, respectively. The results showed that at high concentrations (≥256 μg/mL), GO eliminated residual bacteria and inhibited biofilm reformation after brushing, whereas neither GO nor brushing alone could achieve this. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell viability in groups GB-256 and IC was higher than that in groups GB-512, C, and B (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between group GB-256 and group IC (P > 0.05). Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in group GB-256 was higher than that in groups IC, GB-512, C, and B. No difference was found between groups IGB-256 and IGB-512 and groups GB-256 and GB-512, respectively (P > 0.05). In conclusion, 256 μg/mL of GO combined with brushing significantly removed polymicrobial biofilms that remained on the previously contaminated titanium surfaces. The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic potential was regained or even enhanced on the titanium surfaces treated this way in vitro, which might provide a new idea for treating peri-implantitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Qin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - C Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - C Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - T Jiao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Göltz M, Koch M, Detsch R, Karl M, Burkovski A, Rosiwal S. Influence of In-Situ Electrochemical Oxidation on Implant Surface and Colonizing Microorganisms Evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3977. [PMID: 31801251 PMCID: PMC6926823 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a worldwide increasing health problem, caused by infection of tissue and bone around an implant by biofilm-forming microorganisms. Effects of peri-implantitis treatment using mechanical debridement, air particle abrasion and electrochemical disinfection on implant surface integrity were compared. Dental implants covered with bacterial biofilm were cleaned using mechanical debridement and air particle abrasion. In addition, implants were disinfected using a novel electrochemical technique based on an array of boron-doped diamond (BDD) coated electrodes. Following treatment and preparation, the implants were inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mechanical debridement led to changes in surface topography destroying the manufacturer's medium-rough surface by scratch formation. Air particle abrasion led to accumulation of the abrasive used on the implant surface. With both treatment options, appearance of bacteria and yeasts was not affected. In contrast, electrochemical disinfection did not cause alterations of the implant surface but resulted in distorted microbial cells. Electrochemical disinfection of implant surfaces using BDD electrodes may constitute a promising treatment option for cleaning dental implant surfaces without negatively affecting materials and surface properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Göltz
- Division of Ultra-Hard Coatings, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Maximilian Koch
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Matthias Karl
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefan Rosiwal
- Division of Ultra-Hard Coatings, Department of Material Sciences, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.G.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Romanos GE, Delgado-Ruiz R, Sculean A. Concepts for prevention of complications in implant therapy. Periodontol 2000 2019; 81:7-17. [PMID: 31407435 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of dental implants is nowadays a well-accepted and highly predictable treatment modality for restoring the dentition and reestablishing the masticatory function of edentulous and partially edentulous patients. Despite the high predictability and excellent long-term survival rates reported for implant therapy, complications may still occur and can jeopardize both short- and long-term success. The present paper provides an overview on the most important aspects related to the etiology, prevention, and management of complications associated with implant therapy. Data from the literature indicate that a number of factors, such as surgical trauma, implant diameter, type of implant-abutment connection, abutment disconnection and reconnection, presence of microgap, and implant malpositioning, can substantially influence the biologic processes of bone remodeling and biofilm formation, thus increasing the rate of short- and long-term hard- and soft-tissue complications. Other factors, such as excess cement at cement-retained prosthetic restorations, abutment mobility, and infections (e.g. peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis) caused by bacterial biofilm, are further causes for complications and failures. More recent evidence also indicates that besides the need for sufficient bone volume surrounding the implant, the presence of an adequate width and thickness of attached mucosa may improve biofilm control and limit crestal bone resorption. Furthermore, emerging evidence points also to the pivotal role of human factors as one of the most important causes of complications in implant dentistry. It can be concluded that clinicians need to consider all biologic and biomechanical factors affecting implant placement and survival, as well as undergo adequate training to improve their surgical skills to control and prevent implant complications. Careful patient selection and control of environmental and systemic factors, such as smoking, diabetes etc., coupled with an accurate surgical and prosthetic planning, enable a better prevention and control of infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios E Romanos
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Delgado-Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|