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Fletcher MA, Low KA, Boyd R, Zimmerman B, Gordon BA, Tan CH, Schneider-Garces N, Sutton BP, Gratton G, Fabiani M. Comparing Aging and Fitness Effects on Brain Anatomy. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:286. [PMID: 27445740 PMCID: PMC4923123 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mitigates the brain’s atrophy typically associated with aging, via a variety of beneficial mechanisms. One could argue that if CRF is generally counteracting the negative effects of aging, the same regions that display the greatest age-related volumetric loss should also show the largest beneficial effects of fitness. To test this hypothesis we examined structural MRI data from 54 healthy older adults (ages 55–87), to determine the overlap, across brain regions, of the profiles of age and fitness effects. Results showed that lower fitness and older age are associated with atrophy in several brain regions, replicating past studies. However, when the profiles of age and fitness effects were compared using a number of statistical approaches, the effects were not entirely overlapping. Interestingly, some of the regions that were most influenced by age were among those not influenced by fitness. Presumably, the age-related atrophy occurring in these regions is due to factors that are more impervious to the beneficial effects of fitness. Possible mechanisms supporting regional heterogeneity may include differential involvement in motor function, the presence of adult neurogenesis, and differential sensitivity to cerebrovascular, neurotrophic and metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fletcher
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA
| | - Kathy A Low
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Rachel Boyd
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA
| | - Brian A Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis MO, USA
| | - Chin H Tan
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Nils Schneider-Garces
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, UrbanaIllinois, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, UrbanaIL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
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Jolly TAD, Cooper PS, Wan Ahmadul Badwi SA, Phillips NA, Rennie JL, Levi CR, Drysdale KA, Parsons MW, Michie PT, Karayanidis F. Microstructural white matter changes mediate age-related cognitive decline on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Psychophysiology 2015; 53:258-67. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd A. D. Jolly
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science & IT; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
| | - Patrick S. Cooper
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science & IT; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
| | - Syarifah Azizah Wan Ahmadul Badwi
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science & IT; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Department of Psychology, Kulliyyah of IRKHS; International Islamic University Malaysia; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Natalie A. Phillips
- Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology; Concordia University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research; Jewish General Hospital; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jaime L. Rennie
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science & IT; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
| | - Christopher R. Levi
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
| | - Karen A. Drysdale
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science & IT; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
| | - Mark W. Parsons
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science & IT; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
| | - Frini Karayanidis
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science & IT; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research; University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute; Newcastle Australia
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