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Origin and genetic diversity of canine parvovirus 2c circulating in Mexico. Arch Virol 2018; 164:371-379. [PMID: 30377825 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) emerged in the late 1970 s as a pathogen that is capable of causing high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs. Currently, three genetic variants circulate worldwide (CPV 2a, 2b, and 2c); however, epidemiological studies have not been conducted in all countries to identify its variants. The objectives of this work were to determine which genotypes of CPV-2 circulate in Mexico and to identify the genetic relationships between CPV-2 sequences from Mexico and those from other parts of the world. Samples from five geographical regions of Mexico were analysed by PCR for identification of CPV-2. Here, 1638 bp of the VP2 gene were amplified and sequenced from 50 CPV-2-positive samples, and a phylogenetic network was assembled using these 50 sequences and 150 others obtained from GenBank, representing different countries around the world. The network showed that the most common genotype circulating in the geographic zones of Mexico was CPV-2c. In the network, the 50 samples were organised into two clusters: cluster I, derived from a group of samples of European origin, which belong to genotype 2c, and cluster II, derived from samples belonging to genotype 2b from the USA. Our data suggest that the CPV-2 strains circulating in Mexico originated from two possible virus introduction events. In addition, high genetic diversity was observed among the CPV-2c-derived sequences, which correspond exclusively to the presence of Mexican CPV-2c haplotypes.
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Diagnosis and characterization of canine parvovirus-2 affecting canines of South Gujarat, India. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out in the region of South Gujarat, India, to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) infection in acute gastroenteritis of pups. Further, haemagglutination (HA) test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid immunochromatography test were compared for diagnosis and prevalent CPV-2 types were ascertained. A total of 73 diarrhoea samples were collected and out of those 32, 33 and 35 were found positive via HA, ELISA and PCR, respectively. In rapid test, 26/52 samples were found positive. Among different age-groups, 11/24 and 13/21 animals were positive in pups aged 4–8 and 8–12 weeks, respectively. All but one (34/35) positive samples were from unvaccinated animals. Labrador was found to be the most susceptible breed (n = 13) to infection. Considering PCR as the best test, 47.94% (35/73) prevalence of CPV was recorded. Among PCR positive samples, 3 and 32 belonged to type CPV-2a and CPV-2b, respectively. Type CPV-2c was not detected among the examined samples. Sequencing analysis of 9/10 CPV-2b isolates revealed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A-G) at position 4106 (alanine to threonine) and suggested the occurrence of mutant, new CPV-2b in this area. As other major pathogen canine coronavirus was detected in 7/38 CPV negative samples. Conclusively, CPV-2 infection was detected in 47.97% cases of AGE of pups which warrants search for other pathogens in the diagnostic procedure. This work is among the few recent reports which depict the occurrence of a novel mutant (new CPV-2b) in India.
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Tucciarone CM, Franzo G, Mazzetto E, Legnardi M, Caldin M, Furlanello T, Cecchinato M, Drigo M. Molecular insight into Italian canine parvovirus heterogeneity and comparison with the worldwide scenario. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:171-179. [PMID: 30257188 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus is one of the most frequent pathogens of young dogs, causing severe clinical manifestations. Its phenotypic variability led to an antigenic-based classification into different variants, which have been reported worldwide. To update the Italian distribution of CPV, a molecular survey was performed on 100 geographically-annotated samples collected from 2008 to 2015 by full VP2 sequencing. All three antigenic variants (CPV-2a, 2b, 2c) were detected during the studied period, being CPV-2a the most prevalent (60%). Locally, CPV appeared widely distributed, without any regional or temporal clustering, demonstrating an outstanding and uncontrolled within-country viral spreading. The Italian sequences were also contextualized in the International scenario. The analysis of CPV worldwide molecular epidemiology highlighted the remarkable genetic heterogeneity of the circulating strains and their broad distribution. In fact, a frequent viral exchange among Countries, was proven both over short and long distances, involving haplotypes persisting through time. The reported information on viral dissemination patterns appears crucial for understanding the introduction routes of new variants or strains, which could complicate the epidemiological scenario, affect the disease patterns, show possible differential virulence and clinical relevance of emerging strains especially, and impair the vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Eva Mazzetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Marco Caldin
- "San Marco" Private Veterinary Clinic, Via dell'Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, PD, Italy
| | - Tommaso Furlanello
- "San Marco" Private Veterinary Laboratory, Via dell'Industria 3, 35030 Veggiano, PD, Italy
| | - Mattia Cecchinato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Liu L, Wang J, Geng Y, Wang J, Li R, Shi R, Yuan W. Equipment-free recombinase polymerase amplification assay using body heat for visual and rapid point-of-need detection of canine parvovirus 2. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 39:41-46. [PMID: 29705183 PMCID: PMC7127419 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A visible and equipment-free recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with a lateral flow strip (LFS RPA) was developed to detect canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), which is the etiological agent of canine parvovirus disease. The CPV-2 LFS RPA assay was developed based on the VP2 gene and is performed in a closed fist using body heat for 15 min; the products are visible to the naked eye on the LFS within 5 min. The assay could detect CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c, and there was no cross-reaction with the other viruses tested. Using the standard CPV-2 DNA as a template, the analytical sensitivity was 1.0 × 102 copies per reaction, which was the same result as that of a real-time PCR. The assay performance was further evaluated by testing 60 canine fecal samples, and CPV-2 DNA was detected in 46 samples (76.7%, 46/60) by LFS RPA, which was the same result as that of the real-time PCR assay and higher than that of the SNAP method (48.3%, 29/60). The novel CPV-2 LFS RPA assay is an attractive and promising tool for rapid and convenient diagnosis of CPV disease, especially cage side and in underequipped laboratories. Visual and rapid molecular assay for detection of CPV-2 was developed. Assay was based on recombinase polymerase amplification and use of lateral flow strip to visualize product. Assay was incubated successfully in a closed fist using body heat. Assay showed high sensitivity and specificity for detection of CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Liu
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yunyun Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ruihan Shi
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Hebei Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China.
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55
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Investigation on Canine parvovirus circulation in dogs from Sicily (Italy) by biomolecular assay. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) is a DNA virus that causes a very common worldwide diffused infectious disease in dogs. Since its appearance, the CPV-2 evolved generating novel genetic and antigenic variants (CPV-2a/2b/2c) which are distributed throughout the world. In the present study, the frequency of CPV-2 in a canine population in Sicily (Italy) was investigated, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for a fragment of the VP2 gene. Out of a total of 673 samples from 370 dogs, submitted to the laboratory from July 2009 to August 2015, 265 samples (39.38%) were positive and these were further analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequence analysis. A high prevalence of the CPV-2c variant (79.56% of CPV-2 positive dogs) was observed in this survey, underlining that this type of CPV field isolate is prevalent circulating in Sicily. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship with CPV-2a and CPV-2c strains from Europe and non-European countries. Considering that CPV-2c is reaching a worldwide distribution and that this variant is also affecting vaccinated dogs, efforts should be made towards the development of new CPV vaccines.
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Mira F, Dowgier G, Purpari G, Vicari D, Di Bella S, Macaluso G, Gucciardi F, Randazzo V, Decaro N, Guercio A. Molecular typing of a novel canine parvovirus type 2a mutant circulating in Italy. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 61:67-73. [PMID: 29548803 PMCID: PMC7185394 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is the etiological agent of a severe viral disease of dogs. After its emergence in late 1970s, the CPV original type (CPV-2) was rapidly and totally replaced by three antigenic variants named CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. CPV has an evolutionary rate nearest to those of RNA viruses, with consequences on disease diagnosis and epidemiology. This paper reports the molecular characterization of eight CPV-2a strains collected from dogs in Italy in 2016–2017. Genetic analysis was conducted on a CPV genomic region encompassing both open reading frames (ORFs) encoding for nonstructural (NS1-NS2) and structural proteins (VP1-VP2). Sequence analysis indicates new and unreported sequence changes, mainly affecting the VP2 gene, which included the mutation Tyr324Leu. This study represents the first evidence of a new CPV-2a mutant (VP2 324Leu) and illustrates the importance of a continuous molecular survey in order to obtain more information on effective spread of new CPV mutants. Canine parvovirus strains collected from dogs in southern Italy were analyzed. Nearly complete genome sequences of the CPV strains were obtained and comparatively analyzed. A novel CPV-2a mutant with unreported sequence changes has been characterized. This study reports a novel CPV-2a mutant in genus Protoparvovirus. Our data confirmed the importance of the continuous epidemiological survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giulia Dowgier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusi Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Randazzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Mira F, Purpari G, Lorusso E, Di Bella S, Gucciardi F, Desario C, Macaluso G, Decaro N, Guercio A. Introduction of Asian canine parvovirus in Europe through dog importation. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:16-21. [PMID: 29134762 PMCID: PMC7169687 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important infectious agent of domestic and wild carnivores, responsible for severe and often fatal haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and leukopenia. This paper reports the genomic characterization of a CPV strain collected from a dog recently imported to Italy from Thailand. The virus was detected in all tissue samples collected. The whole genome encompassing the two open reading frames encoding for non‐structural (NS1/NS2) and structural (VP1/VP2) proteins was amplified and sequenced. On the basis of genetic analysis of the VP2 gene, the isolate was characterized as CPV‐2c, but it presented genetic signatures typical of Asian strains. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of amino acid changes never observed in European CPV‐2c strains (NS1: Ile60Val, Tyr544Phe, Glu545Val, Leu630Pro; VP2: Ala5Gly, Phe267Tyr, Tyr324Ile, Gln370Arg). By phylogenetic analysis of full‐length VP2 gene, the analysed strain clustered together with Asian viruses. Therefore, a possible introduction of the virus from Asia through the imported dog was suggested, thus confirming the important role of movement of dogs in the global spread of viruses. In addition, full‐length genome analysis could help better trace the spread of canine viruses through different continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Purpari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - F Gucciardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G Macaluso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - N Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Guercio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
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