51
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Ladi-Seyedian SS, Nabavizadeh B, Sharifi-Rad L, Kajbafzadeh AM. Pharmacological treatments available for the management of underactive bladder in neurological conditions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 11:193-204. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1411801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Sanam Ladi-Seyedian
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Nabavizadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Sharifi-Rad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physical Therapy, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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52
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Kashyap MP, Pore SK, de Groat WC, Chermansky CJ, Yoshimura N, Tyagi P. BDNF overexpression in the bladder induces neuronal changes to mediate bladder overactivity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 315:F45-F56. [PMID: 29092846 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00386.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in urine of overactive bladder (OAB) patients support the association of BDNF with OAB symptoms, but the causality is not known. Here, we investigated the functionality of BDNF overexpression in rat bladder following bladder wall transfection of either BDNF or luciferase (luciferase) transgenes (10 µg). One week after transfection, BDNF overexpression in bladder tissue and elevation of urine BDNF levels were observed together with increased transcript of BDNF, its cognate receptors (TrkB and p75NTR), and downstream PLCγ isoforms in bladder. BDNF overexpression can induce the bladder overactivity (BO) phenotype which is demonstrated by the increased voiding pressure and reduced intercontractile interval during transurethral open cystometry under urethane anesthesia. A role for BDNF-mediated enhancement of prejunctional cholinergic transmission in BO is supported by the significant increase in the atropine- and neostigmine-sensitive component of nerve-evoked contractions and upregulation of choline acetyltransferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and transporter Oct2 and -α1 receptors. In addition, higher expression of transient receptor channels (TRPV1 and TRPA1) and pannexin-1 channels in conjunction with elevation of ATP and neurotrophins in bladder and also in L6/S1 dorsal root ganglia together support a role for sensitized afferent nerve terminals in BO. Overall, genomic changes in efferent and afferent neurons of bladder induced by the overexpression of BDNF per se establish a mechanistic link between elevated BDNF levels in urine and dysfunctional voiding observed in animal models and in OAB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra P Kashyap
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Subrata K Pore
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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53
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Corsini S, Tortora M, Rauti R, Nistri A. Nicotine protects rat hypoglossal motoneurons from excitotoxic death via downregulation of connexin 36. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2881. [PMID: 28617431 PMCID: PMC5520892 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Motoneuron disease including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may be due, at an early stage, to deficit in the extracellular clearance of the excitatory transmitter glutamate. A model of glutamate-mediated excitotoxic cell death based on pharmacological inhibition of its uptake was used to investigate how activation of neuronal nicotinic receptors by nicotine may protect motoneurons. Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) in neonatal rat brainstem slices were exposed to the glutamate uptake blocker DL-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA) that evoked large Ca2+ transients time locked among nearby HMs, whose number fell by about 30% 4 h later. As nicotine or the gap junction blocker carbenoxolone suppressed bursting, we studied connexin 36 (Cx36), which constitutes gap junctions in neurons and found it largely expressed by HMs. Cx36 was downregulated when nicotine or carbenoxolone was co-applied with TBOA. Expression of Cx36 was preferentially observed in cytosolic rather than membrane fractions after nicotine and TBOA, suggesting protein redistribution with no change in synthesis. Nicotine raised the expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a protective factor that binds the apoptotic-inducing factor (AIF) whose nuclear translocation is a cause of cell death. TBOA increased intracellular AIF, an effect blocked by nicotine. These results indicate that activation of neuronal nicotinic receptors is an early tool for protecting motoneurons from excitotoxicity and that this process is carried out via the combined decrease in Cx36 activity, overexpression of Hsp70 and fall in AIF translocation. Thus, retarding or inhibiting HM death may be experimentally achieved by targeting one of these processes leading to motoneuron death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Corsini
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Tortora
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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54
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Janssen DAW, Schalken JA, Heesakkers JPFA. Urothelium update: how the bladder mucosa measures bladder filling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:201-217. [PMID: 27804256 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This review critically evaluates the evidence on mechanoreceptors and pathways in the bladder urothelium that are involved in normal bladder filling signalling. METHODS Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies on (i) signalling pathways like the adenosine triphosphate pathway, cholinergic pathway and nitric oxide and adrenergic pathway, and (ii) different urothelial receptors that are involved in bladder filling signalling like purinergic receptors, sodium channels and TRP channels will be evaluated. Other potential pathways and receptors will also be discussed. RESULTS Bladder filling results in continuous changes in bladder wall stretch and exposure to urine. Both barrier and afferent signalling functions in the urothelium are constantly adapting to cope with these dynamics. Current evidence shows that the bladder mucosa hosts essential pathways and receptors that mediate bladder filling signalling. Intracellular calcium ion increase is a dominant factor in this signalling process. However, there is still no complete understanding how interacting receptors and pathways create a bladder filling signal. Currently, there are still novel receptors investigated that could also be participating in bladder filling signalling. CONCLUSIONS Normal bladder filling sensation is dependent on multiple interacting mechanoreceptors and signalling pathways. Research efforts need to focus on how these pathways and receptors interact to fully understand normal bladder filling signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. W. Janssen
- Department of Urology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - J. A. Schalken
- Department of Urology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - J. P. F. A. Heesakkers
- Department of Urology; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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55
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White JPM, Cibelli M, Urban L, Nilius B, McGeown JG, Nagy I. TRPV4: Molecular Conductor of a Diverse Orchestra. Physiol Rev 2017; 96:911-73. [PMID: 27252279 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation channel, originally described in 2000 by research teams led by Schultz (Nat Cell Biol 2: 695-702, 2000) and Liedtke (Cell 103: 525-535, 2000). TRPV4 is now recognized as being a polymodal ionotropic receptor that is activated by a disparate array of stimuli, ranging from hypotonicity to heat and acidic pH. Importantly, this ion channel is constitutively expressed and capable of spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist stimulation, which suggests that it serves important physiological functions, as does its widespread dissemination throughout the body and its capacity to interact with other proteins. Not surprisingly, therefore, it has emerged more recently that TRPV4 fulfills a great number of important physiological roles and that various disease states are attributable to the absence, or abnormal functioning, of this ion channel. Here, we review the known characteristics of this ion channel's structure, localization and function, including its activators, and examine its functional importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M White
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Preclinical Secondary Pharmacology, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; and School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Cibelli
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Preclinical Secondary Pharmacology, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; and School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Urban
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Preclinical Secondary Pharmacology, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; and School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Preclinical Secondary Pharmacology, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; and School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J Graham McGeown
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Preclinical Secondary Pharmacology, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; and School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Academic Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Preclinical Secondary Pharmacology, Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium; and School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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56
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Role of Nonneuronal TRPV4 Signaling in Inflammatory Processes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 79:117-139. [PMID: 28528666 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are important signaling components in nociceptive and inflammatory pathways. This is attributed to their ability to function as polymodal sensors of environmental stimuli (chemical and mechanical) and as effector molecules in receptor signaling pathways. TRP vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a nonselective cation channel that is activated by multiple endogenous stimuli including shear stress, membrane stretch, and arachidonic acid metabolites. TRPV4 contributes to many important physiological processes and dysregulation of its activity is associated with chronic conditions of metabolism, inflammation, peripheral neuropathies, musculoskeletal development, and cardiovascular regulation. Mechanosensory and receptor- or lipid-mediated signaling functions of TRPV4 have historically been attributed to central and peripheral neurons. However, with the development of potent and selective pharmacological tools, transgenic mice and improved molecular and imaging techniques, many new roles for TRPV4 have been revealed in nonneuronal cells. In this chapter, we discuss these recent findings and highlight the need for greater characterization of TRPV4-mediated signaling in nonneuronal cell types that are either directly associated with neurons or indirectly control their excitability through release of sensitizing cellular factors. We address the integral role of these cells in sensory and inflammatory processes as well as their importance when considering undesirable on-target effects that may be caused by systemic delivery of TRPV4-selective pharmaceutical agents for treatment of chronic diseases. In future, this will drive a need for targeted drug delivery strategies to regulate such a diverse and promiscuous protein.
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57
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Nielsen BS, Hansen DB, Ransom BR, Nielsen MS, MacAulay N. Connexin Hemichannels in Astrocytes: An Assessment of Controversies Regarding Their Functional Characteristics. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2537-2550. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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58
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Tyagi P, Kashyap M, Majima T, Kawamorita N, Yoshizawa T, Yoshimura N. Intravesical liposome therapy for interstitial cystitis. Int J Urol 2017; 24:262-271. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Mahendra Kashyap
- Department of Urology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Majima
- Department of Urology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Naoki Kawamorita
- Department of Urology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | | | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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59
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Sana-Ur-Rehman H, Markus I, Moore KH, Mansfield KJ, Liu L. Expression and localization of pannexin-1 and CALHM1 in porcine bladder and their involvement in modulating ATP release. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R763-R772. [PMID: 28254749 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00039.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP release from urinary bladder is vital for afferent signaling. The aims of this study were to localize calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1) and pannexin-1 expression and to determine their involvement in mediating ATP release in the bladder. To determine gene expression and cellular distribution, PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed, respectively, in the porcine bladder. CALHM1 and pannexin-1-mediated ATP release in response to hypotonic solution (0.45% NaCl)-induced stretch, and extracellular Ca2+ depletion ([Ca2+]0) was measured in isolated urothelial, suburothelial, and detrusor muscle cells. CALHM1 and pannexin-1 mRNA and immunoreactivity were detected in urothelial, suburothelial, and detrusor muscle layers, with the highest expression on urothelium. Hypotonic stretch caused a 2.7-fold rise in ATP release from all three cell populations (P < 0.01), which was significantly attenuated by the pannexin-1 inhibitor, 10Panx1, and by the CALHM1 antibody. Brefeldin A, a vesicular transport inhibitor, and ruthenium red, a nonselective CALHM1 channel blocker, also significantly inhibited stretch-mediated ATP release from urothelial cells. [Ca2+]0 caused a marked, but transient, elevation of extracellular ATP level in all three cell populations. CALHM1 antibody and ruthenium red inhibited [Ca2+]0-induced ATP release from urothelial cells, but their effects on suburothelial and detrusor cells were insignificant. 10Panx1 showed no significant inhibition of [Ca2+]0-induced ATP release in any types of cells. The results presented here provide compelling evidence that pannexin-1 and CALHM1, which are densely expressed in the porcine bladder, function as ATP release channels in response to bladder distension. Modulation of extracellular Ca2+ may also regulate ATP release in the porcine bladder through voltage-gated CALHM1 ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Sana-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irit Markus
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate Hilda Moore
- St. George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, Australia; and
| | - Kylie Jan Mansfield
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;
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60
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Zhang X, Gao S, Tanaka M, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Mitsui T, Kamiyama M, Koizumi S, Fan J, Takeda M, Yao J. Carbenoxolone inhibits TRPV4 channel-initiated oxidative urothelial injury and ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced bladder dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1791-1802. [PMID: 28244642 PMCID: PMC5571544 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbenoxolone (CBX) is a clinically prescribed drug for the treatment of digestive ulcer and inflammation. It is also a widely used pharmacological inhibitor of several channels in basic research. Given that the overactivity of several channels, including those inhibitable by CBX, underlies bladder dysfunction, we tested the potential therapeutic application and mechanism of CBX in the treatment of voiding dysfunction. In a mouse model of cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP), CBX administration prevented the CYP‐elicited increase in bladder weight, oedema, haemorrhage, and urothelial injury. CBX also greatly improved micturition pattern, as manifested by the apparently decreased micturition frequency and increased micturition volume. Western blot results showed that CBX suppressed CYP‐induced increase in protein carbonyls, COX‐2, and iNOS. Further analysis using cultured urothelial cells revealed that acrolein, the major metabolite of CYP, caused protein oxidation, p38 activation, and urothelial injury. These effects of acrolein were reproduced by TRPV4 agonists and significantly prevented by antioxidant NAC, p38 inhibitor SB203580, TRPV4 antagonist RN‐1734, and CBX. Further studies showed that CBX potently suppressed TRPV4 agonist‐initiated calcium influx and subsequent cell injury. CBX attenuated CYP‐induced cystitis in vivo and reduced acrolein‐induced cell injury in vitro, through mechanisms involving inhibition of TRPV4 channels and attenuation of the channel‐mediated oxidative stress. CBX might be a promising agent for the treatment of bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Zhang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yanru Huang
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Kamiyama
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jian Yao
- Division of Molecular Signaling, Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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61
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Burma NE, Bonin RP, Leduc-Pessah H, Baimel C, Cairncross ZF, Mousseau M, Shankara JV, Stemkowski PL, Baimoukhametova D, Bains JS, Antle MC, Zamponi GW, Cahill CM, Borgland SL, De Koninck Y, Trang T. Blocking microglial pannexin-1 channels alleviates morphine withdrawal in rodents. Nat Med 2017; 23:355-360. [PMID: 28134928 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opiates are essential for treating pain, but termination of opiate therapy can cause a debilitating withdrawal syndrome in chronic users. To alleviate or avoid the aversive symptoms of withdrawal, many of these individuals continue to use opiates. Withdrawal is therefore a key determinant of opiate use in dependent individuals, yet its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood and effective therapies are lacking. Here, we identify the pannexin-1 (Panx1) channel as a therapeutic target in opiate withdrawal. We show that withdrawal from morphine induces long-term synaptic facilitation in lamina I and II neurons within the rodent spinal dorsal horn, a principal site of action for opiate analgesia. Genetic ablation of Panx1 in microglia abolished the spinal synaptic facilitation and ameliorated the sequelae of morphine withdrawal. Panx1 is unique in its permeability to molecules up to 1 kDa in size and its release of ATP. We show that Panx1 activation drives ATP release from microglia during morphine withdrawal and that degrading endogenous spinal ATP by administering apyrase produces a reduction in withdrawal behaviors. Conversely, we found that pharmacological inhibition of ATP breakdown exacerbates withdrawal. Treatment with a Panx1-blocking peptide (10panx) or the clinically used broad-spectrum Panx1 blockers, mefloquine or probenecid, suppressed ATP release and reduced withdrawal severity. Our results demonstrate that Panx1-mediated ATP release from microglia is required for morphine withdrawal in rodents and that blocking Panx1 alleviates the severity of withdrawal without affecting opiate analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Burma
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert P Bonin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Leduc-Pessah
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Corey Baimel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zoe F Cairncross
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael Mousseau
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Patrick L Stemkowski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dinara Baimoukhametova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaideep S Bains
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael C Antle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine M Cahill
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institut Universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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62
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Lim JC, Lu W, Beckel JM, Mitchell CH. Neuronal Release of Cytokine IL-3 Triggered by Mechanosensitive Autostimulation of the P2X7 Receptor Is Neuroprotective. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:270. [PMID: 27932954 PMCID: PMC5120082 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical strain due to increased pressure or swelling activates inflammatory responses in many neural systems. As cytokines and chemokine messengers lead to both pro-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions, understanding the signaling patterns triggered by mechanical stress may help improve overall outcomes. While cytokine signaling in neural systems is often associated with glial cells like astrocytes and microglia, the contribution of neurons themselves to the cytokine response is underappreciated and has bearing on any balanced response. Mechanical stretch of isolated neurons was previously shown to trigger ATP release through pannexin hemichannels and autostimulation of P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) on the neural membrane. Given that P2X7Rs are linked to cytokine activation in other cells, this study investigates the link between neuronal stretch and cytokine release through a P2X7-dependent pathway. Cytokine assays showed application of a 4% strain to isolated rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) released multiple cytokines. The P2X7R agonist BzATP also released multiple cytokines; Interleukin 3 (IL-3), TNF-α, CXCL9, VEGF, L-selectin, IL-4, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-1Rα, MIP and CCL20 were released by both stimuli, with the release of IL-3 greatest with either stimuli. Stretch-dependent IL-3 release was confirmed with ELISA and blocked by P2X7R antagonists A438079 and Brilliant Blue G (BBG), implicating autostimulation of the P2X7R in stretch-dependent IL-3 release. Neuronal IL-3 release triggered by BzATP required extracellular calcium. The IL-3Rα receptor was expressed on RGCs but not astrocytes, and both IL-3Rα and IL-3 itself were predominantly expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer of adult retinal sections, implying autostimulation of receptors by released IL-3. While the number of surviving ganglion cells decreased with time in culture, the addition of IL-3 protected against this loss of neurons. Expression of mRNA for IL-3 and IL-3Rα increased in rat retinas stretched with moderate intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation; BBG blocked the rise in IL-3, implicating a role for the P2X7R in transcriptional regulation in vivo. In summary, mechanical stretch triggers release of cytokines from neurons that can convey neuroprotection. The enhancement of these signals in vivo implicates P2X7R-mediated IL-3 signaling as an endogenous pathway that could minimize damage following neuronal exposure to chronic mechanical strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wennan Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claire H Mitchell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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63
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Sano T, Kobayashi T, Negoro H, Sengiku A, Hiratsuka T, Kamioka Y, Liou LS, Ogawa O, Matsuda M. Intravital imaging of mouse urothelium reveals activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by stretch-induced intravesical release of ATP. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/21/e13033. [PMID: 27905300 PMCID: PMC5112504 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the roles played by signaling molecules in the bladder, we established a protocol of intravital imaging of the bladder of mice expressing a Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), which plays critical roles not only in cell growth but also stress responses. With an upright two‐photon excitation microscope and a vacuum‐stabilized imaging window, cellular ERK activity was visualized in the whole bladder wall, from adventitia to urothelium. We found that bladder distention caused by elevated intravesical pressure (IVP) activated ERK in the urothelium, but not in the detrusor smooth muscle. When bladder distension was prevented, high IVP failed to activate ERK, suggesting that mechanical stretch, but not the high IVP, caused ERK activation. To delineate its molecular mechanism, the stretch‐induced ERK activation was reproduced in an hTERT‐immortalized human urothelial cell line (TRT‐HU1) in vitro. We found that uniaxial stretch raised the ATP concentration in the culture medium and that inhibition of ATP signaling by apyrase or suramin suppressed the stretch‐induced ERK activation in TRT‐HU1 cells. In agreement with this in vitro observation, pretreatment with apyrase or suramin suppressed the high IVP‐induced urothelial ERK activation in vivo. Thus, we propose that mechanical stretch induces intravesical secretion of ATP and thereby activates ERK in the urothelium. Our method of intravital imaging of the bladder of FRET biosensor‐expressing mice should open a pathway for the future association of physiological stimuli with the activities of intracellular signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sano
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sengiku
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Hiratsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamioka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Louis S Liou
- Department of Urology, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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64
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Takezawa K, Kondo M, Nonomura N, Shimada S. Urothelial ATP signaling: what is its role in bladder sensation? Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:966-972. [PMID: 27542121 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bladder functional disorders are common health problems; however, their pathologies are poorly understood. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from the urothelium has been suggested to have an essential role in the micturition reflex, and its involvement in bladder functional disorders has been intensively investigated. Here, we review the latest advances in research on urothelial ATP signaling. METHODS We reviewed research articles on the role of the urothelium and urothelial ATP release in bladder function. RESULTS Mice lacking purinergic receptors have been reported to exhibit marked bladder hyporeflexia. Based on this observation, it was commonly believed, according to the widely held ATP urothelial signaling theory, that stretch-induced urothelial ATP release mediates the sensation of bladder filling via purinergic receptors. However, recent studies employing novel experimental methods and approaches have demonstrated that there are no significant differences in bladder function between wild-type and purinergic receptor knockout mice under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, under pathological conditions, inhibition of purinergic receptors has been shown to improve bladder hyperactivity. Moreover, enhanced urothelial ATP release has been reported in patients with bladder functional disorders. CONCLUSIONS Recently, conflicting evidence has led us to question the role of urothelial ATP signaling in normal micturition reflex. In contrast, under pathological conditions, it seems likely that enhanced urothelial ATP signaling mediates bladder hyperactivity. These recent findings suggest that the urothelial ATP signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for bladder functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takezawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Urology, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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65
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Fry CH, Vahabi B. The Role of the Mucosa in Normal and Abnormal Bladder Function. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:57-62. [PMID: 27228303 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The internal face of the detrusor smooth muscle wall of the urinary bladder is covered by a mucosa, separating muscle from the hostile environment of urine. However, the mucosa is more than a very low permeability structure and offers a sensory function that monitors the extent of bladder filling and composition of the urine. The mucosa may be considered as a single functional structure and comprises a tight epithelial layer under which is a basement membrane and lamina propria. The latter region itself is a complex of afferent nerves, blood vessels, interstitial cells and in some species including human beings a muscularis mucosae. Stress on the bladder wall through physical or chemical stressors elicits release of chemicals, such as ATP, acetylcholine, prostaglandins and nitric oxide that modulate the activity of either afferent nerves or the muscular components of the bladder wall. The release and responses are graded so that the mucosa forms a dynamic sensory structure, and there is evidence that the gain of this system is increased in pathologies such as overactive bladder and bladder pain syndrome. This system therefore potentially provides a number of drug targets against these conditions, once a number of fundamental questions are answered. These include how is mediator release regulated; what are the intermediate roles of interstitial cells that surround afferent nerves and blood vessels; and what is the mode of communication between urothelium and muscle - by diffusion of mediators or by cell-to-cell communication?
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Bahareh Vahabi
- Department of Biological, Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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66
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Durnin L, Hayoz S, Corrigan RD, Yanez A, Koh SD, Mutafova-Yambolieva VN. Urothelial purine release during filling of murine and primate bladders. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F708-F716. [PMID: 27465992 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00387.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During urinary bladder filling the bladder urothelium releases chemical mediators that in turn transmit information to the nervous and muscular systems to regulate sensory sensation and detrusor muscle activity. Defects in release of urothelial mediators may cause bladder dysfunctions that are characterized with aberrant bladder sensation during bladder filling. Previous studies have demonstrated release of ATP from the bladder urothelium during bladder filling, and ATP remains the most studied purine mediator that is released from the urothelium. However, the micturition cycle is likely regulated by multiple purine mediators, since various purine receptors are found present in many cell types in the bladder wall, including urothelial cells, afferent nerves, interstitial cells in lamina propria, and detrusor smooth muscle cells. Information about the release of other biologically active purines during bladder filling is still lacking. Decentralized bladders from C57BL/6 mice and Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were filled with physiological solution at different rates. Intraluminal fluid was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for simultaneous evaluation of ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ADP-ribose, and cADP-ribose content. We also measured ex vivo bladder filling pressures and performed cystometry in conscious unrestrained mice at different filling rates. ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD+, ADPR, cADPR, and adenosine were detected released intravesically at different ratios during bladder filling. Purine release increased with increased volumes and rates of filling. Our results support the concept that multiple urothelium-derived purines likely contribute to the complex regulation of bladder sensation during bladder filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Durnin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sebastien Hayoz
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Robert D Corrigan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Andrew Yanez
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Sang Don Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
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67
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Gonzalez EJ, Heppner TJ, Nelson MT, Vizzard MA. Purinergic signalling underlies transforming growth factor-β-mediated bladder afferent nerve hyperexcitability. J Physiol 2016; 594:3575-88. [PMID: 27006168 DOI: 10.1113/jp272148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The sensory components of the urinary bladder are responsible for the transduction of bladder filling and are often impaired with neurological injury or disease. Elevated extracellular ATP contributes, in part, to bladder afferent nerve hyperexcitability during urinary bladder inflammation or irritation. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) may stimulate ATP release from the urothelium through vesicular exocytosis mechanisms with minimal contribution from pannexin-1 channels to increase bladder afferent nerve discharge. Bladder afferent nerve hyperexcitability and urothelial ATP release with CYP-induced cystitis is decreased with TGF-β inhibition. These results establish a causal link between an inflammatory mediator, TGF-β, and intrinsic signalling mechanisms of the urothelium that may contribute to the altered sensory processing of bladder filling. ABSTRACT The afferent limb of the micturition reflex is often compromised following bladder injury, disease and inflammatory conditions. We have previously demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling contributes to increased voiding frequency and decreased bladder capacity with cystitis. Despite the functional presence of TGF-β in bladder inflammation, the precise mechanisms of TGF-β mediating bladder dysfunction are not yet known. Thus, the present studies investigated the sensory components of the urinary bladder that may underlie the pathophysiology of aberrant TGF-β activation. We utilized bladder-pelvic nerve preparations to characterize bladder afferent nerve discharge and the mechanisms of urothelial ATP release with distention. Our findings indicate that bladder afferent nerve discharge is sensitive to elevated extracellular ATP during pathological conditions of urinary bladder inflammation or irritation. We determined that TGF-β1 may increase bladder afferent nerve excitability by stimulating ATP release from the urothelium via vesicular exocytosis mechanisms with minimal contribution from pannexin-1 channels. Furthermore, blocking aberrant TGF-β signalling in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis with TβR-1 inhibition decreased afferent nerve hyperexcitability with a concomitant decrease in urothelial ATP release. Taken together, these results establish a role for purinergic signalling mechanisms in TGF-β-mediated bladder afferent nerve activation that may ultimately facilitate increased voiding frequency. The synergy between intrinsic urinary bladder signalling mechanisms and an inflammatory mediator provides novel insight into bladder dysfunction and supports new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Gonzalez
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Thomas J Heppner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Margaret A Vizzard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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68
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Vizzard MA. Pannexins: the 'nexus' between urothelium ATP production and extracellular release. J Physiol 2016; 593:1759-60. [PMID: 25871555 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2015.288498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Vizzard
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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69
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Tyagi P, Kashyap M, Hensley H, Yoshimura N. Advances in intravesical therapy for urinary tract disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:71-84. [PMID: 26479968 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravesical therapy is a valuable option in the clinical management of urinary tract disorders such as interstitial cystitis/ painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) and refractory overactive bladder. This review will cover the latest advances in this field using polymer and liposomes as delivery platform for drugs, protein and nucleic acids. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the significance of intravesical therapy for lower urinary tract disorders. The recent advancement of liposomes as a drug delivery platform for botulinum toxin, tacrolimus and small interfering RNA is discussed. The importance of polymers forming indwelling devices and hydrogels are also discussed, where all preparations improved efficacy parameters in rodent models. Clinical experience of treating IC/PBS with indwelling devices and liposomes are summarized and preclinical evidence about the downregulation of target gene expression in rodent bladder with liposomes complexed with siRNA is also reviewed. EXPERT OPINION There have been several advances in the field of intravesical therapy for improving clinical outcomes. One of the most promising research avenues is the repurposing of drugs, given previously by other routes of administration, such as tacrolimus. Intravesical therapy also opens up novel therapeutic targets with improved efficacy and safety for underactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Tyagi
- a Department of Urology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA 15213 , USA
| | - Mahendra Kashyap
- a Department of Urology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA 15213 , USA
| | - Harvey Hensley
- b Small animal Imaging Facility , Fox chase cancer center , Philadelphia , PA 19111 , USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- a Department of Urology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA 15213 , USA
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Yu W. Polarized ATP distribution in urothelial mucosal and serosal space is differentially regulated by stretch and ectonucleotidases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F864-72. [PMID: 26336160 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00175.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a major pathway in regulating bladder function, and mechanical force stimulates urothelial ATP release, which plays an important role in bladder mechanotransduction. Although urothelial ATP release was first reported almost 20 years ago, the way in which release is regulated by mechanical force, and the presence of ATP-converting enzymes in regulating the availability of released ATP is still not well understood. Using a set of custom-designed Ussing chambers with the ability to manipulate mechanical forces applied on the urothelial tissue, we have demonstrated that it is stretch and not hydrostatic pressure that induces urothelial ATP release. The experiments reveal that urothelial ATP release is tightly controlled by stretch speed, magnitude, and direction. We have further shown that stretch-induced urothelial ATP release is insensitive to temperature (4°C). Interestingly, stretch-induced ATP release shows polarized distribution, with the ATP concentration in mucosal chamber (nanomolar level) about 10 times higher than the ATP concentration in serosal chamber (subnanomolar level). Furthermore, we have consistently observed differential ATP lifetime kinetics in the mucosal and serosal chambers, which is consistent with our immunofluorescent localization data, showing that ATP-converting enzymes ENTPD3 and alkaline phosphatase are expressed on urothelial basal surface, but not on the apical membrane. In summary, our data indicate that urothelial ATP release is finely regulated by stretch speed, magnitude, and direction, and extracellular ATP signaling is likely to be differentially regulated by ectonucleotidase, which results in temporally and spatially distinct ATP kinetics in response to mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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71
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Corrigendum. J Physiol 2015; 593:3393. [DOI: 10.1113/jp270812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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