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Cohan DS, Tian D, Hu Y, Russell AG. Control strategy optimization for attainment and exposure mitigation: case study for ozone in Macon, Georgia. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2006; 38:451-62. [PMID: 16738816 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-005-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of more stringent 8-hour ozone standards has led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to designate nonattainment status to 474 counties nationwide, many of which had never previously violated air quality standards. As states select emission control measures to achieve attainment in these regions, their choices pose significant implications to local economies and the health of their citizens. Considering a case study of one such nonattainment region, Macon, Georgia, we develop a menu of potential controls that could be implemented locally or in neighboring parts of the state. The control menu offers the potential to control about 20-35% of ozone precursor emissions in most Georgia regions, but marginal costs increase rapidly beyond 15-20%. We link high-order ozone sensitivities with the control menu to identify cost-optimized strategies for achieving attainment and for alternative goals such as reducing spatially averaged or population-weighted ozone concentrations. Strategies targeted toward attainment of Macon ozone would prioritize local reductions of nitrogen oxides, whereas controls in the more densely populated Atlanta region are shown to be more effective for reducing statewide potential population exposure to ozone. A U.S. EPA-sanctioned approach for demonstrating ozone attainment with photochemical models is shown to be highly dependent on the choice of a baseline period and may not foster optimal strategies for assuring attainment and protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Cohan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30306, USA.
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Hakami A, Seinfeld JH, Chai T, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Sandu A. Adjoint sensitivity analysis of ozone nonattainment over the continental United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:3855-64. [PMID: 16830553 DOI: 10.1021/es052135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An application of the adjoint method in air quality management is demonstrated. We use a continental scale chemical transport model (STEM) to calculate the sensitivities of a nationwide U.S. ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) nonattainment metric to precursor emissions for the period July 1 to August 15, 2004. The model shows low bias and error (-4 and 24%, respectively), particularly for areas with high ozone concentrations. The nonattainment metric accounts for both 1-h and 8-h ozone standards, but is dominated by the 8-h exceedances (97% of the combined metric). Largest values of sensitivities are found to be with respect to emissions in the south and southeast U.S., Ohio River Valley, and California. When nonattainment sensitivities are integrated over the entire U.S., NOx emissions account for the largest contribution (62% of the total), followed by biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs (24% and 14%, respectively). For NOx emissions, point/area and mobile sources account for 54% and 46% of the total sensitivities, respectively. We also provide a state-by-state comparison for the nonattainment magnitude, nonattainment sensitivity, and emission magnitudes to explore the influence of interstate transport of ozone and its precursors, and policy implications of the results. Our analysis of the nationwide ozone nonattainment metric suggests that simple cap-and-trade programs may prove inadequate in achieving sought-after air quality objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hakami
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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53
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Frost GJ, McKeen SA, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Neuman JA, Roberts JM, Swanson A, Holloway JS, Sueper DT, Fortin T, Parrish DD, Fehsenfeld FC, Flocke F, Peckham SE, Grell GA, Kowal D, Cartwright J, Auerbach N, Habermann T. Effects of changing power plant NOxemissions on ozone in the eastern United States: Proof of concept. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Data on atmospheric levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfate were examined to quantify changes since 1989. Changes in sulfur species were adjusted to account for meteorological variability. Adjustments were made using meteorological variables expressed in terms of their principal components that were used as predictors in statistical models. Several models were tested. A generalized additive model (GAM)—based in part on nonparametric, locally smoothed predictor functions—computed the greatest association between sulfate and the meteorological predictors. Sulfate trends estimated after a GAM-based adjustment for weather-related influences were found to be primarily downward across the eastern United States by as much as 6.7% per year (average of −2.6% per year), but large spatial variability was noted. The most conspicuous characteristic in the trends was over portions of the Appalachian Mountains where very small (average = −1.6% per year) and often insignificant sulfate changes were found. The Appalachian region also experienced a tendency, after removing meteorological influences, for increases in the ratio RS of sulfate sulfur to total sulfur. Before 1991, this ratio averaged 0.33 across all sites. Appalachian increases in RS were equivalent to 0.07 during 1989–2001 (significant for most sites at the 0.05 level), or nearly 2 times the average change at the other sites. This suggests that conditions over the Appalachians became notably more efficient at oxidizing SO2 into sulfate. Alternatively, subtle changes in local deposition patterns occurred, preferentially in and near mountainous monitoring sites, that changed the SO2–sulfate balance.
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55
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Gupta P, Duplessis S, White H, Karnosky DF, Martin F, Podila GK. Gene expression patterns of trembling aspen trees following long-term exposure to interacting elevated CO2 and tropospheric O3. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2005; 167:129-41. [PMID: 15948836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Expression of 4600 poplar expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was studied over the 2001-2002 growing seasons using trees of the moderately ozone (O(3))-tolerant trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) clone 216 exposed to elevated CO(2) and/or O(3) for their entire 5-yr life history. Based on replication of the experiment in years 2001 and 2002, 238 genes showed qualitatively similar expression in at least one treatment and were retained for analysis. Of these 238 genes, 185 were significantly regulated (1.5-fold) from one year to the other in at least one treatment studied. Less than 1% of the genes were regulated 2-fold or more. In the elevated CO(2) treatment, relatively small numbers of genes were up-regulated, whereas in the O(3) treatment, higher expression of many signaling and defense-related genes and lower expression of several photosynthesis and energy-related genes were observed. Senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and genes involved in the flavonoid pathway were also up-regulated under O(3), with or without CO(2) treatment. Interestingly, the combined treatment of CO(2) plus O(3) resulted in the differential expression of genes that were not up-regulated with individual gas treatments. This study represents the first investigation into gene expression following long-term exposure of trees to the interacting effects of elevated CO(2) and O(3) under field conditions. Patterns of gene-specific regulation described in this study correlated with previously published physiological responses of aspen clone 216.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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56
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Kuster WC, Harren FJM, de Gouw JA. Inter-comparison of laser photoacoustic spectroscopy and gas chromatography techniques for measurements of ethene in the atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:4581-5. [PMID: 16047795 DOI: 10.1021/es0504385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) is highly suitable for the detection of ethene in air due to the overlap between its strongest absorption lines and the wavelengths accessible by high-powered CO2 lasers. Here, we test the ability of LPAS to measure ethene in ambient air by comparing the measurements in urban air with those from a gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) instrument. Over the course of several days, we obtained quantitative agreement between the two measurements. Over this period, the LPAS instrument had a positive offset of 330 +/- 140 pptv (parts-per-trillion by volume) relative to the GC-FID instrument, possibly caused by interference from other species. The detection limit of the LPAS instrument is currently estimated around 1 ppbv and is limited by this offset and the statistical noise in the data. We conclude that LPAS has the potential to provide fast-response measurements of ethene in the atmosphere, with significant advantages over existing techniques when measuring from moving platforms and in the vicinity of emission sources.
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57
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Kleinman LI. A comparative study of ozone production in five U.S. metropolitan areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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58
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McKeen S, Wilczak J, Grell G, Djalalova I, Peckham S, Hsie EY, Gong W, Bouchet V, Menard S, Moffet R, McHenry J, McQueen J, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Pagowski M, Chan A, Dye T, Frost G, Lee P, Mathur R. Assessment of an ensemble of seven real-time ozone forecasts over eastern North America during the summer of 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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59
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Chen G. An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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60
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Neuman JA, Parrish DD, Ryerson TB, Brock CA, Wiedinmyer C, Frost GJ, Holloway JS, Fehsenfeld FC. Nitric acid loss rates measured in power plant plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Aeronomy Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | - C. A. Brock
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Aeronomy Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Wiedinmyer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. J. Frost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Aeronomy Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Aeronomy Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Aeronomy Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
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61
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Brock CA, Hudson PK, Lovejoy ER, Sullivan A, Nowak JB, Huey LG, Cooper OR, Cziczo DJ, de Gouw J, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Hübler G, Lafleur BG, Murphy DM, Neuman JA, Nicks DK, Orsini DA, Parrish DD, Ryerson TB, Tanner DJ, Warneke C, Weber RJ, Wilson JC. Particle characteristics following cloud-modified transport from Asia to North America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Brock
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paula K. Hudson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Amy Sullivan
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - John B. Nowak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - L. Gregory Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Owen R. Cooper
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Daniel J. Cziczo
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Joost de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Fred C. Fehsenfeld
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Gerhard Hübler
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | | | - J. Andrew Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Dennis K. Nicks
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Douglas A. Orsini
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | | | | | - David J. Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; Boulder Colorado USA
- NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Rodney J. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - James C. Wilson
- Department of Engineering; University of Denver; Denver Colorado USA
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62
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Di Carlo P, Brune WH, Martinez M, Harder H, Lesher R, Ren X, Thornberry T, Carroll MA, Young V, Shepson PB, Riemer D, Apel E, Campbell C. Missing OH reactivity in a forest: evidence for unknown reactive biogenic VOCs. Science 2004; 304:722-5. [PMID: 15118159 DOI: 10.1126/science.1094392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Forest emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), such as isoprene and other terpenes, play a role in the production of tropospheric ozone and aerosols. In a northern Michigan forest, the direct measurement of total OH reactivity, which is the inverse of the OH lifetime, was significantly greater than expected. The difference between measured and expected OH reactivity, called the missing OH reactivity, increased with temperature, as did emission rates for terpenes and other BVOCs. These measurements are consistent with the hypothesis that unknown reactive BVOCs, perhaps terpenes, provide the missing OH reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Di Carlo
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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63
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Zhang R, Lei W, Tie X, Hess P. Industrial emissions cause extreme urban ozone diurnal variability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:6346-50. [PMID: 15084740 PMCID: PMC404047 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401484101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simulations with a regional chemical transport model show that anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (NO(x) = NO + NO(2)) lead to a dramatic diurnal variation of surface ozone (O(3)) in Houston, Texas. During the daytime, photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds catalyzed by NO(x) results in episodes of elevated ambient O(3) levels significantly exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. The O(3) production rate in Houston is significantly higher than those found in other cities over the United States. At night, a surface NO(x) maximum occurs because of continuous NO emission from industrial sources, and, consequently, an extensive urban-scale "hole" of surface ozone (<10 parts per billion by volume in the entire Houston area) is formed as a result of O(3) removal by NO. The results suggest that consideration of regulatory control of O(3) precursor emissions from the industrial sources is essential to formulate ozone abatement strategies in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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64
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Wang JL, Din GZ, Chan CC. Validation of a laboratory-constructed automated gas chromatograph for the measurement of ozone precursors through comparison with a commercial analogy. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1027:11-8. [PMID: 14971478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An automated gas chromatographic (auto-GC) system aiming at performing unattended hourly measurement of ozone precursors was developed in the laboratory. To encompass volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of a wide range of volatility within each analysis, the system uses dual-traps and dual-columns to simultaneously analyze both low and high-boiling compounds with each injection. Since sorbents with sufficient retention of C2 compounds at room temperature, namely ethane, ethene, and ethyne are not yet available, cooling with a thermoelectrical device was built around the low-boiling trap to facilitate quantitative enrichment of C2 compounds. The effectiveness of using micro-trap with low dead volume plumbing was manifested in reducing peak width and increasing peak height for particularly the lower-boiling compounds. The increase in sensitivity allowed sufficient detector response with a small amount of air sample, e.g. 200 ml in our routine operation, which in term eliminate the need for remove water prior to sampling trapping. The performance and applicability of this laboratory-built auto-GC system was validated by comparison with a commercial analog, i.e. the ATD-400 system made by Perkin-Elmer, in the field sharing a common air intake. During more than 3 weeks of synchronized monitoring of ambient volatile organic compounds both systems showed highly consistent results on almost every monitored compound, clearly demonstrating the robustness of this self-built system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 32054, Taiwan.
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65
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Griffin RJ, Revelle MK, Dabdub D. Modeling the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere of the south coast air basin of California. 1. Ozone formation metrics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:746-752. [PMID: 14968859 DOI: 10.1021/es0341283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Metrics associated with ozone (O3) formation are investigated using the California Institute of Technology (CIT) three-dimensional air-quality model. Variables investigated include the O3 production rate (P(O3)), O3 production efficiency (OPE), and total reactivity (the sum of the reactivity of carbon monoxide (CO) and all organic gases that react with the hydroxyl radical). Calculations are spatially and temporally resolved; surface-level and vertically averaged results are shown for September 9, 1993 for three Southern California locations: Central Los Angeles, Azusa, and Riverside. Predictions indicate increasing surface-level O3 concentrations with distance downwind, in line with observations. Surface-level and vertically averaged P(O3) values peak during midday and are highest downwind; surface P(O3) values are greater than vertically averaged values. Surface OPEs generally are highest downwind and peak during midday in downwind locations. In contrast, peaks occur in early morning and late afternoon in the vertically averaged case. Vertically averaged OPEs tend to be greater than those for the surface. Total reactivities are highest in upwind surface locations and peak during rush hours; vertically averaged reactivities are smaller and tend to be more uniform temporally and spatially. Total reactivity has large contributions from CO, alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, unsubstituted monoaromatics, and secondary organics. Calculations using estimated emissions for 2010 result in decreases in P(O3) values and reactivities but increases in OPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Griffin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Pratt School of Engineering Summer Research Experience for Undergraduates Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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66
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Slusher DL. A thermal dissociation–chemical ionization mass spectrometry (TD-CIMS) technique for the simultaneous measurement of peroxyacyl nitrates and dinitrogen pentoxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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67
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Ray EA. Evidence of the effect of summertime midlatitude convection on the subtropical lower stratosphere from CRYSTAL-FACE tracer measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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68
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Griffin RJ. Quantification of ozone formation metrics at Thompson Farm during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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69
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Kondo Y. Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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70
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71
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Kuster WC, Jobson BT, Karl T, Riemer D, Apel E, Goldan PD, Fehsenfeld FC. Intercomparison of volatile organic carbon measurement techniques and data at La Porte during the TexAQS2000 Air Quality Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:221-228. [PMID: 14740739 DOI: 10.1021/es034710r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Texas Air Quality Study 2000 (TexAQS2000) investigated the photochemical production of ozone and the chemistry of related precursors and reaction products in the vicinity of Houston, TX. The colocation of four instruments for the measurement of volatile organic carbon compounds (VOCs) allowed a unique opportunity for the intercomparison of the different in-situ measuring techniques. The instruments included three gas chromatographs, each with a different type of detector, and a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) with each system designed to measure a different suite of VOCs. Correlation plots and correlation statistics are presented for species measured by more than one of these instruments. The GC instruments were all in agreement to within 10-20% (slope) with coefficients of variation (r2) of > or = 0.85. The PTR-MS agreement with other instruments was more dependent on species with some very good agreements (r2 values of approximately 0.95 for some aromatics), but isoprene, acetaldehyde and propene were substantially less highly correlated (0.55 < r2 < 0.80). At least part of these differences were undoubtedly due to the timing of sample acquisition in an environment in which VOC levels changed very rapidly on both quantitative and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Kuster
- Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, R/AL7, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.
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72
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Redeker KR, Meinardi S, Blake D, Sass R. Gaseous emissions from flooded rice paddy agriculture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Redeker
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - S. Meinardi
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - D. Blake
- Department of Earth System Science; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - R. Sass
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Rice University; Houston Texas USA
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73
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Affiliation(s)
- Don J Durzan
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8587, USA.
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74
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Karnosky D, Zak D, Pregitzer K, Awmack C, Bockheim J, Dickson R, Hendrey G, Host G, King J, Kopper B, Kruger E, Kubiske M, Lindroth R, Mattson W, Mcdonald E, Noormets A, Oksanen E, Parsons W, Percy K, Podila G, Riemenschneider D, Sharma P, Thakur R, Sôber A, Sôber J, Jones W, Anttonen S, Vapaavuori E, Mankovska B, Heilman W, Isebrands J. Tropospheric O3
moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2
: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project. Funct Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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75
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Carlos-Cuellar S, Li P, Christensen AP, Krueger BJ, Burrichter C, Grassian VH. Heterogeneous Uptake Kinetics of Volatile Organic Compounds on Oxide Surfaces Using a Knudsen Cell Reactor: Adsorption of Acetic Acid, Formaldehyde, and Methanol on α-Fe2O3, α-Al2O3, and SiO2. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0267609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Carlos-Cuellar
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and the Center for Global and Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - P. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and the Center for Global and Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - A. P. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and the Center for Global and Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - B. J. Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and the Center for Global and Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - C. Burrichter
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and the Center for Global and Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - V. H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and the Center for Global and Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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76
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Brock CA, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Neuman JA, Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Nicks DK, Frost GJ, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld FC, Wilson JC, Reeves JM, Lafleur BG, Hilbert H, Atlas EL, Donnelly SG, Schauffler SM, Stroud VR, Wiedinmyer C. Particle growth in urban and industrial plumes in Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Brock
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Michael Trainer
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Dennis K. Nicks
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Gregory J. Frost
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Gerhard Hübler
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Fred C. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Charles Wilson
- Department of Engineering; University of Denver; Denver Colorado USA
| | - J. Michael Reeves
- Department of Engineering; University of Denver; Denver Colorado USA
| | | | - Henrike Hilbert
- Department of Engineering; University of Denver; Denver Colorado USA
| | - Elliot L. Atlas
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Stephen G. Donnelly
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Sue M. Schauffler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Verity R. Stroud
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Christine Wiedinmyer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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77
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Wert BP, Trainer M, Fried A, Ryerson TB, Henry B, Potter W, Angevine WM, Atlas E, Donnelly SG, Fehsenfeld FC, Frost GJ, Goldan PD, Hansel A, Holloway JS, Hubler G, Kuster WC, Nicks DK, Neuman JA, Parrish DD, Schauffler S, Stutz J, Sueper DT, Wiedinmyer C, Wisthaler A. Signatures of terminal alkene oxidation in airborne formaldehyde measurements during TexAQS 2000. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. P. Wert
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Trainer
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Fried
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Henry
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. Potter
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. M. Angevine
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. Atlas
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. G. Donnelly
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. C. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. J. Frost
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. D. Goldan
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Hansel
- Institute for Ionphysics; University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - J. S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Hubler
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. C. Kuster
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. K. Nicks
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. A. Neuman
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Schauffler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Stutz
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles California USA
| | - D. T. Sueper
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Wiedinmyer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - A. Wisthaler
- Institute for Ionphysics; University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
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78
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DRISCOLL CHARLEST, WHITALL DAVID, ABER JOHN, BOYER ELIZABETH, CASTRO MARK, CRONAN CHRISTOPHER, GOODALE CHRISTINEL, GROFFMAN PETER, HOPKINSON CHARLES, LAMBERT KATHLEEN, LAWRENCE GREGORY, OLLINGER SCOTT. Nitrogen Pollution in the Northeastern United States: Sources, Effects, and Management Options. Bioscience 2003. [DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0357:npitnu]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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79
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Ryerson TB. Effect of petrochemical industrial emissions of reactive alkenes and NOxon tropospheric ozone formation in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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80
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Zaveri RA. Ozone production efficiency and NOxdepletion in an urban plume: Interpretation of field observations and implications for evaluating O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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81
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DRISCOLL CHARLEST, WHITALL DAVID, ABER JOHN, BOYER ELIZABETH, CASTRO MARK, CRONAN CHRISTOPHER, GOODALE CHRISTINEL, GROFFMAN PETER, HOPKINSON CHARLES, LAMBERT KATHLEEN, LAWRENCE GREGORY, OLLINGER SCOTT. Nitrogen Pollution in the Northeastern United States: Sources, Effects, and Management Options. Bioscience 2003. [DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053%5b0357:npitnu%5d2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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82
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Kleinman LI, Daum PH, Lee YN, Nunnermacker LJ, Springston SR, Weinstein-Lloyd J, Rudolph J. Ozone production efficiency in an urban area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence I. Kleinman
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - Peter H. Daum
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | - Yin-Nan Lee
- Atmospheric Sciences Division; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton New York USA
| | | | | | - Judith Weinstein-Lloyd
- Chemistry/Physics Department; State University of New York at Old Westbury; Old Westbury New York USA
| | - Jochen Rudolph
- Chemistry Department and Centre for Atmospheric Research; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
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83
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Roberts JM, Flocke F, Stroud CA, Hereid D, Williams E, Fehsenfeld F, Brune W, Martinez M, Harder H. Ground-based measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the 1999 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Intensive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Roberts
- Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA/ERL, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Frank Flocke
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Craig A. Stroud
- Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA/ERL, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Daniel Hereid
- Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA/ERL, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric Williams
- Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA/ERL, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Fred Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA/ERL, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William Brune
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Monica Martinez
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hartwig Harder
- Department of Meteorology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania USA
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84
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Levy JL, Wolff SK, Evans JS. A regression-based approach for estimating primary and secondary particulate matter intake fractions. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2002; 22:895-904. [PMID: 12442987 DOI: 10.1111/1539-6924.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the common challenges for life cycle impact assessment and risk assessment is the need to estimate the population exposures associated with emissions. The concept of intake fraction (a unitless term representing the fraction of material or its precursor released from a source that is eventually inhaled or ingested) can be used when limited site data are available or the number of sources to model is large. Although studies have estimated intake fractions for some pollutant-source combinations, there is a need to quickly and accurately estimate intake fractions for sources and settings not previously evaluated. It would be expected that limited source or site information could be used to yield intake fraction estimates with reasonable accuracy. To test this theory, we developed regression models to predict intake fractions previously estimated for primary fine particles (PM2.5) and secondary sulfate and nitrate particles from power plants and mobile sources in the United States. Our regression models were able to predict pollutant-specific intake fractions with R2 between 0.53 and 0.86 and equations that reflected expected relationships (e.g., intake fraction increased with population density, stack height influenced the intake fraction of primary but not secondary particles). Further analysis would be needed to generalize beyond this case study and construct models applicable across source categories and settings, but our analysis demonstrates that inclusion of a limited number of parameters can significantly reduce the uncertainty in population-average exposure estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Levy
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and Center for Risk Analysis, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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85
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Zahn A, Brenninkmeijer CAM, Asman WAH, Crutzen PJ, Heinrich G, Fischer H, Cuijpers JWM, van Velthoven PFJ. Budgets of O3and CO in the upper troposphere: CARIBIC passenger aircraft results 1997-2001. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Zahn
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | | | - W. A. H. Asman
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - P. J. Crutzen
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry; Mainz Germany
| | - G. Heinrich
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - H. Fischer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research; Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - J. W. M. Cuijpers
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI); De Bilt Netherlands
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86
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Affek HP, Yakir D. Protection by isoprene against singlet oxygen in leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 129:269-77. [PMID: 12011357 PMCID: PMC155890 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2001] [Revised: 12/16/2001] [Accepted: 02/04/2002] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) protection against effects of singlet oxygen was investigated in Myrtus communis and Rhamnus alaternus. In M. communis, singlet oxygen produced in the leaves by Rose Bengal (RB) led to a 65% decrease in net assimilation rates within 3 h, whereas isoprene emission rates showed either a 30% decrease at ambient CO2 concentrations or a 70% increase under high CO2. In both cases, these changes led to an increase in calculated internal isoprene concentrations. The isoprene protection effect was directly demonstrated by fumigation of young (non-emitting) leaves, treated with RB or bromoxynil (simulating photoinhibition). There was 42% and 29% reduction in the damage to net assimilation compared with non-fumigated leaves for RB or bromoxynil, respectively. In R. alaternus, similar effects of RB on net assimilation were observed, and additional fluorescence measurements showed a significantly smaller decrease in Fv/Fm in isoprene-fumigated young leaves treated with RB (from 0.78 to 0.52), compared with non-fumigated leaves (from 0.77 to 0.27). The internal isoprene concentrations used in this study and possible rate of 1O2 production in leaves indicate that the protective effects observed should be beneficial also under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit P Affek
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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87
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Dillon MB, Lamanna MS, Schade GW, Goldstein AH, Cohen RC. Chemical evolution of the Sacramento urban plume: Transport and oxidation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Dillon
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - M. S. Lamanna
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - G. W. Schade
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - A. H. Goldstein
- Division of Ecosystem Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California USA
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88
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Grassian VH. Chemical Reactions of Nitrogen Oxides on the Surface of Oxide, Carbonate, Soot, and Mineral Dust Particles: Implications for the Chemical Balance of the Troposphere. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. H. Grassian
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, and the Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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89
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Fiore AM. Background ozone over the United States in summer: Origin, trend, and contribution to pollution episodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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90
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Neuman JA. Fast-response airborne in situ measurements of HNO3during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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91
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Tinsley MR, Field RJ. Steady State Instability and Oscillation in Simplified Models of Tropospheric Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010571t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Tinsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Richard J. Field
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
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92
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Isebrand JG, McDonald EP, Kruger E, Hendrey G, Percy K, Pregitzer K, Sober J, Karnosky DF. Growth responses of Populus tremuloides clones to interacting elevated carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2001; 115:359-371. [PMID: 11789918 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00227-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3) are increasing concomitantly globally. Little is known about the effect of these interacting gases on growth, survival, and productivity of forest ecosystems. In this study we assess the effects of three successive years of exposure to combinations of elevated CO2 and O3 on growth responses in a five trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) clonal mixture in a regenerating stand. The experiment is located in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA (45 degrees N 89 degrees W) and employs free air carbon dioxide and ozone enrichment (FACE) technology. The aspen stand was exposed to a factorial combination of four treatments consisting of elevated CO2 (560 ppm), elevated O3 (episodic exposure-90 microl l(-1) hour(-1)), a combination of elevated CO2 and O3, and ambient control in 30 m treatment rings with three replications. Our overall results showed that our three growth parameters including height, diameter and volume were increased by elevated CO2, decreased by elevated O3, and were not significantly different from the ambient control under elevated CO2 + O3. However, there were significant clonal differences in the responses; all five clones exhibited increased growth with elevated CO2, one clone showed an increase with elevated O3, and two clones showed an increase over the control with elevated CO2 + O3, two clones showed a decrease, and one was not significantly different from the control. Notably. there was a significant increase in current terminal shoot dieback with elevated CO2 during the 1999-2000 dormant season. Dieback was especially prominent in two of the five clones, and was attributed to those clones growing longer into the autumnal season where they were subject to frost. Our results show that elevated O3 negates expected positive growth effects of elevated CO2 in Populus tremuloides in the field, and suggest that future climate model predictions should take into account the offsetting effects of elevated O3 on CO2 enrichment when estimating future growth of trembling aspen stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Isebrand
- USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rhinelander, WI 54501, USA.
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