51
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Biswas A, Saha R, Ghosh A. Two unusual mixed-valent trinuclear CuII2CuI complexes containing copper(i) tribromide dianion as bridging ligand: Identification of an unprecedented doubly hydrogen-bonded water dimer. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00784f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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52
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Iuga C, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Vivier-Bunge A. Single water-molecule catalysis in the glyoxal+OH reaction under tropospheric conditions: Fact or fiction? A quantum chemistry and pseudo-second order computational kinetic study. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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53
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The reaction between HO and (H2O) n (n = 1, 3) clusters: reaction mechanisms and tunneling effects. Theor Chem Acc 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-010-0824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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54
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Kuma S, Slipchenko MN, Momose T, Vilesov AF. Infrared Spectra and Intensities of Ar−H2O and O2−H2O Complexes in the Range of the ν3 Band of H2O. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9022-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp908450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Kuma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Mikhail N. Slipchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Takamasa Momose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Andrey F. Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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55
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Kang D, Dai J, Hou Y, Yuan J. Structure and vibrational spectra of small water clusters from first principles simulations. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3462278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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56
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Yeung CS, Ng PL, Guan X, Phillips DL. Water-Assisted Dehalogenation of Thionyl Chloride in the Presence of Water Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4123-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Shun Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Repubic of China
| | - Ping Leung Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Repubic of China
| | - Xiangguo Guan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Repubic of China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Repubic of China
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57
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Lind MC, Garrison SL, Becnel JM. Trimolecular Reactions of Uranium Hexafluoride with Water. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4641-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Lind
- Savannah River Nuclear Solutions LLC, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29808
| | - Stephen L. Garrison
- Savannah River Nuclear Solutions LLC, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29808
| | - James M. Becnel
- Savannah River Nuclear Solutions LLC, Savannah River National Laboratory, Aiken, South Carolina 29808
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58
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Takahashi K. Theoretical study on the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on OH stretching overtone decay lifetime of ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:13950-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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59
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Kawasaki T, Mochida T, Katada JI, Okahata Y. Laser response of a quartz crystal microbalance: frequency changes induced by light irradiation in the air phase. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1069-75. [PMID: 19745532 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A weak laser irradiation (523-785 nm, 5-60 mW) onto an Au electrode surface of a 27-MHz quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) caused a frequency increase (a mass decrease) in the air phase. These frequency changes depended on the wavelength of the irradiated laser in the order of 523 nm > 636 nm > 785 nm, which corresponds to the light absorbance of the Au electrode of the QCM. The laser response increased linearly with increasing laser power (5-60 mW). In addition, the laser response showed a maximum at the incidence angle of 72 degrees when the P-polarized 636 nm laser was irradiated on the Au surface, due to the evanescent effect. These laser responses were also observed in the humid air of H2O, D2O, and in the vapors of various alcohols. Based on these findings, the observed frequency increase (mass decrease) can be explained by the photo-induced reversible desorption of water molecules from the Au electrode surface of the QCM due to the interfacial property changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Kawasaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-53 4259 Natatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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60
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Giribet CG, Ruiz de Azúa MC. CLOPPA−IPPP Analysis of Cooperative Effects in H-Bonded Molecular Complexes. 2. Application to the Static Molecular Polarizability Tensor. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1109-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G. Giribet
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. I, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín C. Ruiz de Azúa
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. I, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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61
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Hänninen V, Salmi T, Halonen L. Acceptor Tunneling Motion and O−H Stretching Vibration Overtones of the Water Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7133-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901974z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vesa Hänninen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Salmi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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62
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Maroń MK, Shultz MJ, Vaida V. Characterization of the nitric acid–water complex in the infrared and near-infrared region at ambient temperatures in carbon tetrachloride. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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63
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Murray C, Derro EL, Sechler TD, Lester MI. Weakly bound molecules in the atmosphere: a case study of HOOO. Acc Chem Res 2009; 42:419-27. [PMID: 19113857 DOI: 10.1021/ar8001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Weakly bound molecules--particularly hydrated complexes of abundant atmospheric species--have long been postulated to play an important role in atmospherically relevant reactions. For example, such complexes could seed cloud formation and alter the global radiation budget. In this Account, we initially describe the current data on weakly bound species produced in association reactions of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with molecular partners, particularly oxygen (O(2)), nitric acid (HONO(2)), and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). Researchers have identified weakly bound association products of these reactions as the hydrogen trioxy (HOOO) radical, the doubly hydrogen-bonded OH-HONO(2) complex, and peroxynitrous acid (HOONO), respectively. In each case, previous kinetic studies of the reaction or OH vibrational relaxation processes have indicated unusual, non-Arrhenius behavior. Under the temperature-pressure conditions of the Earth's lower atmosphere, these processes exhibit a negative temperature dependence, indicative of an attractive interaction, or a pressure dependence. Researchers have subsequently carried out extensive theoretical studies of the properties of these weakly bound molecules, but the theoretical studies have lacked experimental validation. Next, we describe experimental studies to determine the vibrational frequencies and stability of HOOO as a prototypical example of these weakly bound molecules. We then use these data to assess its importance in the atmosphere. We discuss the efficient production of the HOOO radical from OH and O(2) under laboratory conditions and its subsequent detection using infrared action spectroscopy, a highly sensitive and selective double resonance technique. Using excitation of OH stretch and combination bands comprising OH stretch with lower frequency modes, we obtain detailed spectroscopic information on the vibrational modes of the two conformers of HOOO. In addition, we infer fundamental information about the dissociation dynamics from the OH product state distribution, which provides insight into the chemical bonding in HOOO. Perhaps most importantly, we utilize a simple conservation of energy relationship based on the highest energetically open OH product state to derive a rigorous upper limit for the stability of HOOO relative to the OH + O(2) asymptote of 5.3 kcal mol(-1). When combined with previous experimental rotational constants that reflect the structure of the HOOO radical, our laboratory characterization of its stability and vibrational frequencies provides critical information to assess its thermochemical properties. Using standard statistical mechanics approaches, we can calculate the likely atmospheric abundance of HOOO. We estimate that up to 25% of the OH radicals in the vicinity of the tropopause may be associated with O(2) as a weakly bound molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Erika L. Derro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Timothy D. Sechler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Marsha I. Lester
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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64
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Xian HD, Li HQ, Shi X, Liu JF, Zhao GL. Formation of three-dimensional supramolecular water architectures containing 1D water chains via dianion templating. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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65
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Vaida V. Spectroscopy of Photoreactive Systems: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:5-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806365r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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66
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Lemke KH, Seward TM. Ab initio investigation of the structure, stability, and atmospheric distribution of molecular clusters containing H2O, CO2, and N2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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67
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Lee MS, Baletto F, Kanhere DG, Scandolo S. Far-infrared absorption of water clusters by first-principles molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:214506. [PMID: 18537432 DOI: 10.1063/1.2933248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on first-principle molecular dynamic simulations, we calculate the far-infrared spectra of small water clusters (H(2)O)(n) (n = 2, 4, 6) at frequencies below 1000 cm(-1) and at 80 K and at atmospheric temperature (T>200 K). We find that cluster size and temperature affect the spectra significantly. The effect of the cluster size is similar to the one reported for confined water. Temperature changes not only the shape of the spectra but also the total strength of the absorption, a consequence of the complete anharmonic nature of the classical dynamics at high temperature. In particular, we find that in the frequency region up to 320 cm(-1), the absorption strength per molecule of the water dimer at 220 K is significantly larger than that of bulk liquid water, while tetramer and hexamer show bulklike strengths. However, the absorption strength of the dimer throughout the far-infrared region is too small to explain the measured vapor absorption continuum, which must therefore be dominated by other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mal-Soon Lee
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
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68
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Garden AL, Halonen L, Kjaergaard HG. Calculated Band Profiles of the OH-Stretching Transitions in Water Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7439-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp802001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, and The Lundbeck Foundation Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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69
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Salmi T, Hänninen V, Garden AL, Kjaergaard HG, Tennyson J, Halonen L. Calculation of the O−H Stretching Vibrational Overtone Spectrum of the Water Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:6305-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800754y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Salmi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa Hänninen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Garden
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tennyson
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Lauri Halonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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70
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Hartt GM, Shields GC, Kirschner KN. Hydration of OCS with One to Four Water Molecules in Atmospheric and Laboratory Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4490-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Hartt
- Hamilton College, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Design, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, New York 13323
| | - George C. Shields
- Hamilton College, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Design, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, New York 13323
| | - Karl N. Kirschner
- Hamilton College, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Design, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, New York 13323
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71
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Avila G, Kroes GJ, van Hemert MC. The photodissociation of the water dimer in the à band: A twelve-dimensional quasiclassical study. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:144313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2868775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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72
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Kjaergaard HG, Garden AL, Chaban GM, Gerber RB, Matthews DA, Stanton JF. Calculation of Vibrational Transition Frequencies and Intensities in Water Dimer: Comparison of Different Vibrational Approaches. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:4324-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Galina M. Chaban
- NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 and Department of Physical Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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73
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Ceponkus J, Uvdal P, Nelander B. Far-Infrared Band Strengths in the Water Dimer: Experiments and Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3921-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711178w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Ceponkus
- Chemical Physics, P.O. Box 124 and MAX- lab, P.O. Box 118, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Uvdal
- Chemical Physics, P.O. Box 124 and MAX- lab, P.O. Box 118, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nelander
- Chemical Physics, P.O. Box 124 and MAX- lab, P.O. Box 118, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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74
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Lin W, Han JX, Takahashi LK, Harker HA, Keutsch FN, Saykally RJ. Terahertz vibration-rotation-tunneling spectroscopy of the water tetramer-d8: Combined analysis of vibrational bands at 4.1 and 2.0THz. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:094302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2837466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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75
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Elementary Processes in Atmospheric Chemistry: Quantum Studies of Intermolecular Dimer Formation and Intramolecular Dynamics. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(07)00215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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76
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Nakayama T, Fukuda H, Kamikawa T, Sakamoto Y, Sugita A, Kawasaki M, Amano T, Sato H, Sakaki S, Morino I, Inoue G. Effective interaction energy of water dimer at room temperature: An experimental and theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:134302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2773726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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77
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Scribano Y, Leforestier C. Contribution of water dimer absorption to the millimeter and far infrared atmospheric water continuum. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:234301. [PMID: 17600414 DOI: 10.1063/1.2746038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a rigorous calculation of the contribution of water dimers to the absorption coefficient alpha(nu,T) in the millimeter and far infrared domains, over a wide range (276-310 K) of temperatures. This calculation relies on the explicit consideration of all possible transitions within the entire rovibrational bound state manifold of the dimer. The water dimer is described by the flexible 12-dimensional potential energy surface previously fitted to far IR transitions [C. Leforestier et al., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 8710 (2002)], and which was recently further validated by the good agreement obtained for the calculated equilibrium constant Kp(T) with experimental data [Y. Scribano et al., J. Phys. Chem. A. 110, 5411 (2006)]. Transition dipole matrix elements were computed between all rovibrational states up to an excitation energy of 750 cm(-1), and J=K=5 rotational quantum numbers. It was shown by explicit calculations that these matrix elements could be extrapolated to much higher J values (J=30). Transitions to vibrational states located higher in energy were obtained from interpolation of computed matrix elements between a set of initial states spanning the 0-750 cm(-1) range and all vibrational states up to the dissociation limit (approximately 1200 cm(-1)). We compare our calculations with available experimental measurements of the water continuum absorption in the considered range. It appears that water dimers account for an important fraction of the observed continuum absorption in the millimeter region (0-10 cm(-1)). As frequency increases, their relative contribution decreases, becoming small (approximately 3%) at the highest frequency considered nu=944 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Scribano
- Institut Charles Gerhardt (CTMM), CC 1501, Université Montpellier II-CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France
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78
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Marshall MD, Lester MI. Spectroscopic implications of partially quenched orbital angular momentum in the OH-water complex. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:8400-6. [PMID: 16851986 DOI: 10.1021/jp046308k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The OH monomer orbital angular momentum is predicted to be partially quenched in the OH-water complex because of the significant splitting of the OH monomer orbital degeneracy into (2)A' and (2)A' ' electronic states. This orbital angular momentum quenching and the associated decoupling of the electron spin from the a inertial axis are shown to have dramatic effects on the rotational band structure of the microwave and infrared transitions of the OH-water complex. At the ab initio values for the splitting between the (2)A' and (2)A' ' surfaces, simulated spectra of a- and b-type bands, such as those expected for the OH radical stretch and water asymmetric stretch, are predicted to have a noticeably different appearance than the well-established limiting cases associated with fully quenched or completely unquenched orbital angular momentum. Spectral identification of the OH-water complex in the gas phase will require explicit consideration of this quenching phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, P.O. Box 5000, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002-5000, USA
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79
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Schofield DP, Lane JR, Kjaergaard HG. Hydrogen bonded OH-stretching vibration in the water dimer. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:567-72. [PMID: 17249744 DOI: 10.1021/jp063512u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have calculated the frequencies and intensities of the hydrogen-bonded OH-stretching transitions in the water dimer complex. The potential-energy curve and dipole-moment function are calculated ab initio at the coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level of theory with correlation-consistent Dunning basis sets. The vibrational frequencies and wavefunctions are found from a numerical solution to a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The corresponding transition intensities are found from numerical integration of these vibrational wavefunctions with the ab initio calculated dipole moment function. We investigate the effect of counterpoise correcting both the potential-energy surface and dipole-moment function. We find that the effect of using a numeric potential is significant for higher overtones and that inclusion of a counterpoise correction for basis set superposition error is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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80
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Abstract
Gaussian-3 and MP2/aug-cc-pVnZ methods have been used to calculate geometries and thermochemistry of CS(2)(H2O)n, where n=1-4. An extensive molecular dynamics search followed by optimization using these two methods located two dimers, six trimers, six tetramers, and two pentamers. The MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ structure matched best with the experimental result for the CS(2)(H2O) dimer, showing that diffuse functions are necessary to model the interactions found in this complex. For larger CS(2)(H2O)n clusters, the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ minima are significantly different from the MP2(full)6-31G* structures, revealing that the G3 model chemistry is not suitable for investigation of sulfur containing van der Waals complexes. Based on the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ free energies, the concentration of saturated water in the atmosphere and the average amount of CS(2) in the atmosphere, the concentrations of these clusters are predicted to be on the order of 10(5) CS(2)(H2O) clusters.cm(-3) and 10(2) CS(2)(H2O)(2) clusters.cm(-3) at 298.15 K. The MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ scaled harmonic and anharmonic frequencies of the most abundant dimer cluster at 298 K are presented, along with the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ scaled harmonic frequencies for the CS(2)(H(2)O)(n) structures predicted to be present in a low-temperature molecular beam experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl N Kirschner
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY 13323, USA.
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81
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Barkan E, Luz B. Diffusivity fractionations of H2(16)O/H2(17)O and H2(16)O/H2(18)O in air and their implications for isotope hydrology. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2999-3005. [PMID: 17705344 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the isotope effects of (17)O and (18)O substitution of (16)O in H(2)O on molecular diffusivities of water vapor in air by the use of evaporation experiments. The derived diffusion fractionation coefficients (17)alpha(diff) and (18)alpha(diff) are 1.0146 +/- 0.0002 and 1.0283 +/- 0.0003, respectively. We also determined, for the first time, the ratio ln((17)alpha(diff))/ln((18)alpha(diff)) as 0.5185 +/- 0.0002. This ratio, which is in excellent agreement with the theoretical value of 0.5184, is significantly smaller than the ratio in vapor-liquid equilibrium (0.529). We show how this new experimental information gives rise to (17)O excess in meteoric water, and how it can be applied in isotope hydrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeni Barkan
- The Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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82
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Howard DL, Kjaergaard HG. Influence of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Strength on OH-Stretching Overtones. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10245-50. [PMID: 16928114 DOI: 10.1021/jp063631+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vapor-phase OH-stretching overtone spectra of 1,3-propanediol and 1,4-butanediol were recorded and compared to the spectra of ethylene glycol to investigate the effect of increased intramolecular hydrogen bond strength on OH-stretching overtone transitions. The spectra were recorded with laser photoacoustic spectroscopy in the second and third OH-stretching overtone regions. The room-temperature spectra of each molecule are dominated by two conformers that show intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Anharmonic oscillator local-mode calculations of the OH-stretching transitions have been performed to aid assignment of the different conformers in the spectra and to illustrate the effect of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen bond strength increases in the order ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol. The overtone transitions of the hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups are more difficult to observe with increasing intramolecular hydrogen bond strength. We suggest that the bandwidth of these transitions increases with increasing hydrogen bond strength and with increasing overtone and furthermore that these changes are in part responsible for the lack of observed overtone spectra for complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl L Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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83
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Howard DL, Kjaergaard HG. Vapor Phase near Infrared Spectroscopy of the Hydrogen Bonded Methanol−Trimethylamine Complex. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:9597-601. [PMID: 16884192 DOI: 10.1021/jp061547o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopy of the vapor phase hydrogen bonded complex formed between methanol and trimethylamine has been studied in the near-infrared region. A combination band involving one quantum of OH stretch and one quantum of COH bend has been observed for the complex. The much less intense first OH-stretching overtone transition has been tentatively assigned. This assignment is supported by anharmonic oscillator local mode calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl L Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9001, New Zealand
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84
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Abstract
In this review, gas-phase chemistry of interstellar media and some planetary atmospheres is extended to include molecular complexes. Although the composition, density, and temperature of the environments discussed are very different, molecular complexes have recently been considered as potential contributors to chemistry. The complexes reviewed include strongly bound aggregates of molecules with ions, intermediate-strength hydrogen bonded complexes (primarily hydrates), and weakly bonded van der Waals molecules. In low-density, low-temperature environments characteristic of giant molecular clouds, molecular synthesis, known to involve gas-phase ion-molecule reactions and chemistry at the surface of dust and ice grains is extended here to involve molecular ionic clusters. At the high density and high temperatures found on planetary atmospheres, molecular complexes contribute to both atmospheric chemistry and climate. Using the observational, laboratory, and theoretical database, the role of molecular complexes in close and far away is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Klemperer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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85
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Abstract
The 500 MHz NMR spectra of water-benzene solution near saturation at 303.15, 323.15, and 343.15 K indicate that there is a proton-proton exchange between the water and benzene molecules. In the solution water appears to be present as a dimer attached to the benzene pi cloud on one side of each of the two (initially degenerate) fundamental energy levels, as predicted by the Jahn-Teller effect. This view is reinforced by the fact that one of its hydrogen atoms hovers above one of the carbon atoms and the other three are spread upward around the C6 axis of the benzene molecule. It is also supported by the calculated NMR spectra. Both effects are responsible for the change in the NMR spectra of the water molecules from a single line into four AB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximo Baron
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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86
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Scribano Y, Goldman N, Saykally RJ, Leforestier C. Water Dimers in the Atmosphere III: Equilibrium Constant from a Flexible Potential. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:5411-9. [PMID: 16623469 DOI: 10.1021/jp056759k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We present new results for the water dimer equilibrium constant K(p)(T) in the range 190-390 K, using a flexible potential energy surface fitted to spectroscopical data. The increased numerical complexity due to explicit consideration of the monomer vibrations is handled via an adiabatic (6 + 6)d decoupling between intra- and intermolecular modes. The convergence of the canonical partition function of the dimer is ensured by computing all energy levels up to dissociation for total angular momentum values J = 0-5 and using an extrapolation scheme to higher values. The newly calculated values for K(p)(T) are in very good agreement with available experimental data at room temperature. At higher temperatures, an analysis of the convergence of the partition function reveals that quasi-bound states are likely to contribute to the equilibrium constant. Additional thermodynamical quantities (deltaG, deltaH, deltaS, and C(p)) have also been determined and fit to quadratic expressions a + bT + cT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Scribano
- UMR-CNRS 5636, CC 014, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
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87
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Dunn ME, Evans TM, Kirschner KN, Shields GC. Prediction of accurate anharmonic experimental vibrational frequencies for water clusters, (H2O)n, n=2-5. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:303-9. [PMID: 16392869 PMCID: PMC2548414 DOI: 10.1021/jp054958y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate anharmonic experimental vibrational frequencies for water clusters consisting of 2-5 water molecules have been predicted on the basis of comparing different methods with MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculated and experimental anharmonic frequencies. The combination of using HF/6-31G* scaled frequencies for intramolecular modes and anharmonic frequencies for intermolecular modes gives excellent agreement with experiment for the water dimer and trimer and are as good as the expensive anharmonic MP2 calculations. The water trimer, the cyclic Ci and S4 tetramers, and the cyclic pentamer all have unique peaks in the infrared spectrum between 500 and 800 cm-1 and between 3400 and 3700 cm-1. Under the right experimental conditions these different clusters can be uniquely identified using high-resolution IR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, New York 13323, USA
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88
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Shi Q, Kais S, Francisco JS. Graph Theory for Fused Cubic Clusters of Water Dodecamer. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:12036-45. [PMID: 16366659 DOI: 10.1021/jp0550154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The stable structures of the fused cubic water cluster (H2O)12 are examined using graph theoretical techniques and ab initio calculations. The calculations are obtained by scanning the symmetry of digraph structures of hydrogen-bond network spanning 12 oxygen atom vertexes. Using the Pólya theorem the cycle index expressions for 12 vertexes and 20 edges of a cuboid in point-group symmetry D(4h) are developed. A total of 91 energy-allowed fused cubic structures are obtained, which are classified by 8 point-group symmetries: 1 D(2h), 2 S4, 5 C4, 1 D2, 11 C2, 10 C(i), 1 C(s), and 60 C1. An energy level diagram of the structures reveals 14 bands that correspond to 14 unique two-colored graphs derived from the distributions of four free hydrogens of the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, USA
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89
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Phillips DL, Zhao C, Wang D. A Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of the Water-Catalyzed HCl Elimination Reactions of CHXCl(OH) (X = H, Cl) and HClCO in the Gas Phase and in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:9653-73. [PMID: 16866419 DOI: 10.1021/jp053015y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A systematic ab initio investigation of the water-assisted decomposition of chloromethanol, dichloromethanol, and formyl chloride as a function of the number of water molecules (up to six) building up the solvation shell is presented. The decomposition reactions of the chlorinated methanols and formyl chloride are accelerated substantially as the reaction system involves additional explicit coordination of water molecules. Rate constants for the decomposition of chlorinated methanols and formyl chloride were found to be in reasonable agreement with previous experimental observations of aqueous phase decomposition reactions of dichloromethanol [CHCl(2)(OH)] and formyl chloride. For example, using the calculated activation free energies in conjunction with the stabilization free energies from the ab initio calculations, the rate constant was predicted to be 1.2-1.5 x 10(4) s(-1) for the decomposition of formyl chloride in aqueous solution. This is in good agreement with the experimental rate constant of about 10(4) s(-1) reported in the literature. The mechanism for the water catalysis of the decomposition reactions as well as probable implications for the decomposition of these chlorinated methanol compounds and formaldehydes in the natural environment and as intermediates in advanced oxidation processes are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China.
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90
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Valenzano L, van Hemert MC, Kroes GJ. Photodissociation of the water dimer: three-dimensional quantum dynamics studies on diabatic potential-energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:34303. [PMID: 16080733 DOI: 10.1063/1.1961614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The results are presented of three-dimensional model studies of the photodissociation of the water dimer following excitation in the first absorption band. Diabatic potential-energy surfaces are used to investigate the photodissociation following excitation of the hydrogen bond donor molecule and of the hydrogen bond acceptor molecule. In both cases, the degrees of freedom considered are the two OH-stretch modes of the molecule being excited, and the dimer stretch vibration. The diabatic potentials are based on adiabatic potential surfaces computed with the multireference configuration-interaction method, and the dynamics of dissociation was studied using the time-dependent wave-packet method. The dynamics calculations yield a donor spectrum extending over roughly the same range of frequencies as the spectrum of the water monomer computed at the same level of theory. The acceptor spectrum has the same width as the monomer spectrum, but is shifted to the blue by 0.4-0.5 eV. The dimer spectrum obtained by averaging the donor and the acceptor spectrum is broader than the monomer spectrum, with the center of the dimer first absorption band shifted to the blue by about 0.2 eV relative to the monomer band. Our reduced dimensionality calculations do not find the red tail predicted for the dimer first absorption band by Harvey et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 8747 (1998)]. This conclusion also holds if preexcitation of the dimer stretch vibration with one or two quanta is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Valenzano
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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91
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Day MB, Kirschner KN, Shields GC. Global Search for Minimum Energy (H2O)n Clusters, n = 3−5. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:6773-8. [PMID: 16834031 DOI: 10.1021/jp0513317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Gaussian-3 (G3) model chemistry method has been used to calculate the relative deltaG(o) values for all possible conformers of neutral clusters of water, (H2O)n, where n = 3-5. A complete 12-fold conformational search around each hydrogen bond produced 144, 1728, and 20,736 initial starting structures of the water trimer, tetramer, and pentamer. These structures were optimized with PM3, followed by HF/6-31G* optimization, and then with the G3 model chemistry. Only two trimers are present on the G3 potential energy hypersurface. We identified 5 tetramers and 10 pentamers on the potential energy and free-energy hypersurfaces at 298 K. None of these 17 structures were linear; all linear starting models folded into cyclic or three-dimensional structures. The cyclic pentamer is the most stable isomer at 298 K. On the basis of this and previous studies, we expect the cyclic tetramers and pentamers to be the most significant cyclic water clusters in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Day
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, New York 13323, USA
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92
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Nizkorodov SA, Ziemkiewicz M, Nesbitt DJ, Knight AEW. Overtone spectroscopy of H2O clusters in the vOH=2 manifold: Infrared-ultraviolet vibrationally mediated dissociation studies. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:194316. [PMID: 16161582 DOI: 10.1063/1.1899157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopy and predissociation dynamics of (H2O)2 and Ar-H2O are investigated with vibrationally mediated dissociation (VMD) techniques, wherein upsilon(OH) = 2 overtones of the complexes are selectively prepared with direct infrared pumping, followed by 193 nm photolysis of the excited H2O molecules. As a function of relative laser timing, the photolysis breaks H2O into OH and H fragments either (i) directly inside the complex or (ii) after the complex undergoes vibrational predissociation, with the nascent quantum state distribution of the OH photofragment probed via laser-induced fluorescence. This capability provides the first rotationally resolved spectroscopic analysis of (H2O)2 in the first overtone region and vibrational predissociation dynamics of water dimer and Ar-water clusters. The sensitivity of the VMD approach permits several upsilon(OH) = 2 overtone bands to be observed, the spectroscopic assignment of which is discussed in the context of recent anharmonic theoretical calculations.
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93
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Vigasin A, Pavlyuchko A, Jin Y, Ikawa S. Density evolution of absorption bandshapes in the water vapor OH-stretching fundamental and overtone: evidence for molecular aggregation. J Mol Struct 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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94
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Cormier JG, Hodges JT, Drummond JR. Infrared water vapor continuum absorption at atmospheric temperatures. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:114309. [PMID: 15836217 DOI: 10.1063/1.1862623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser in a single-mode realization of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure absorption coefficients of water vapor at 944 cm(-1) for several temperatures in the range 270-315 K. The conventional description of water vapor infrared absorption is applied, in which the absorption is modeled in two parts consisting of local line absorption and the remaining residual absorption, which has become known as the water vapor continuum. This water vapor continuum consists of distinct water-water, water-nitrogen, and water-oxygen continua. The water-water continuum absorption coefficient is found to have a magnitude of C(s)(296 K) = (1.82+/-0.02) x 10(-22) cm(2) molecule(-1) atm(-1), and the water-nitrogen coefficient has a magnitude of C(n)(296 K) = (7.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-25) cm(2) molecule(-1) atm(-1). The temperature dependences of both the water-water and the water-nitrogen continua are shown to be well represented by a model describing the expected behavior of weakly bound binary complexes. Using this model, our data yield dissociation energies of D(e) = (-15.9 +/- 0.3) kJ/mole for the water dimer and D(e) = (-3.2 +/- 1.7) kJ/mole for the water-nitrogen complex. These values are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical predictions of D(e) = -15.7 kJ/mole (water dimer) and D(e) = -2.9 kJ/mole (water-nitrogen complex), as well as the experimentally determined value of D(e) = (-15.3 +/- 2.1) kJ/mole for the water dimer obtained by investigators employing a thermal conductivity technique. Although there is reasonably good agreement with the magnitude of the continuum absorption coefficients, the agreement on temperature dependence is less satisfactory. While our results are suggestive of the role played by water dimers and water complexes in producing the infrared continuum, the uncertain spectroscopy of the water dimer in this spectral region prevents us from making a firm conclusion. In the meantime, empirical models of water vapor continuum absorption, essential for atmospheric radiative transfer calculations, should be refined to give better agreement with our low-uncertainty continuum absorption data.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Cormier
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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95
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Sabu A, Kondo S, Saito R, Kasai Y, Hashimoto K. Theoretical study of O2-H2O: potential energy surface, molecular vibrations, and equilibrium constant at atmospheric temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1836-42. [PMID: 16833514 DOI: 10.1021/jp0482518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular potential energy surface of O(2)-H(2)O was investigated at ab initio MP2 and MRSDCI levels using the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. The vibrational levels were evaluated by numerically solving the Schrödinger equations for the nuclear motions with the ab initio potential functions using one- to three-dimensional finite-element methods. On the basis of the calculated partition functions, the equilibrium constant of the complex, K(p), was studied. The K(p) values at atmospheric temperatures of 200-300 K were found to be 1-2 orders of magnitude less than previous estimates from the harmonic oscillator approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Sabu
- Computer Center and Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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96
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Chen B, Siepmann JI, Klein ML. Simulating Vapor−Liquid Nucleation of Water: A Combined Histogram-Reweighting and Aggregation-Volume-Bias Monte Carlo Investigation for Fixed-Charge and Polarizable Models. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1137-45. [PMID: 16833423 DOI: 10.1021/jp0463722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The method of histogram-reweighting was integrated with a recently developed approach using aggregation-volume-bias Monte Carlo and self-adaptive umbrella sampling to develop the AVUS-HR algorithm that allows for exceedingly efficient calculations of nucleation properties over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions. Simulations were carried out for water using both fixed-charge and polarizable force fields belonging to the TIP4P family (namely, TIP4P, TIP4P-FQ, TIP4P-pol2, and TIP4P-pol3) to investigate the nucleation of water over a temperature range from 200 to 300 K and the concentration of water clusters in the atmosphere at elevations up to 15 km. It was found that the nucleation free energy barriers and atmospheric concentrations are extremely sensitive to the force field, albeit all of the models investigated in this study support the following general conclusions: (i) ice nucleation is not present under the thermodynamic conditions and cluster-size range investigated here, i.e., the critical nuclei possess liquidlike structures, and (ii) the atmospheric concentrations of water clusters under homogeneous conditions are very low with the mole fraction of hexamers being about 10(-10), a number probably too low to influence the solar radiation balance. Compared to the experimental data, the TIP4P-pol3 model yields the most accurate nucleation results, consistent with its excellent performance for the second virial coefficient and the minimum cluster energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, USA.
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97
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Pickard FC, Pokon EK, Liptak MD, Shields GC. Comparison of CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO, G2, and G3 thermochemical predictions with experiment for formation of ionic clusters of hydronium and hydroxide ions complexed with water. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:024302. [PMID: 15638581 DOI: 10.1063/1.1811611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The GAUSSIAN 2, GAUSSIAN 3, complete basis set-QB3, and complete basis set-APNO methods have been used to calculate DeltaH( composite function) and DeltaG( composite function) values for ionic clusters of hydronium and hydroxide ions complexed with water. Results for the clusters H3O+(H2O)n and OH-(H2O)n, where n=1-4 are reported in this paper, and compared against experimental values contained in the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. Agreement with experiment is excellent for the three ab initio methods for formation of these clusters. The high accuracy of these methods makes them reliable for calculating energetics for the formation of ionic clusters containing water. In addition this allows them to serve as a valuable check on the accuracy of experimental data reported in the NIST database, and makes them useful tools for addressing unresolved issues in atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Pickard
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, Clinton, New York 13323, USA
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98
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Kassi S, Macko P, Naumenko O, Campargue A. The absorption spectrum of water near 750 nm by CW-CRDS: contribution to the search of water dimer absorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2460-7. [PMID: 15962030 DOI: 10.1039/b502172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The absorption spectrum of natural water vapour around 750 nm has been recorded with a typical sensitivity of 3 x 10(-10) cm(-1) using a cw cavity ring down spectroscopy set up based on a Ti:sapphire laser. The 13 312.4-13 377.7 cm(-1) spectral interval was chosen as it corresponds to the region where water dimer absorption was recently measured (K. Pfeisticker et al., Science, 2003, 300, 2078-2080). The line parameters (wavenumber and intensity) of a total of 286 lines of water vapor were measured by a one by one fit of the lines to a Voigt profile. For the main water isotopologue, 276 lines were measured with line intensities as weak as 5 x 10(-29) cm molecule(-1)i.e. about 50 times smaller than the weakest H(2)16O line intensities included in the 2004 edition of the HITRAN database. On the basis of the predictions of Schwenke and Partridge, all but 16 lines could be assigned to different isotopologues of water (H(2)16O, H(2)18O, and HD16O) present in natural abundance in the sample. A total of 272 energy levels of H(2)16O were determined and rovibrationally assigned to 18 upper vibrational states. Half of them had not been reported previously. The importance of the additional absorbance resulting from the observation of many new weak lines is discussed in relation to the detection of water dimer absorption and compared to the absorbance predicted by Schwenke and Partridge. The quality of the line parameters of water monomer is shown to be of crucial importance to identify the absorbance of the water dimer in the considered region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kassi
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (associated with CNRS, UMR 5588), Université Joseph Fourier de Grenoble, B.P. 87, 38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères Cedex, France
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99
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Schofield DP, Kjaergaard HG. High-levelab initiostudies of the electronic excited states of the hydroxyl radical and water–hydroxyl complex. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:6930-4. [PMID: 15267591 DOI: 10.1063/1.1687335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lowest-energy electronic transitions in the hydroxyl radical and the hydrogen bound complex H(2)O.HO have been studied using ab initio methods. We have used the complete active-space self-consistent field and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) methods to calculate vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths. At the MRCI level the lowest-lying (2)Sigma(+)<--(2)Pi electronic transition is redshifted by about 2500 cm(-1) upon formation of the H(2)O.HO complex. We propose that this transition could be used to identify the complex in the gas phase, which in turn could be used to examine the role of H(2)O.HO in atmospheric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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100
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Dunn ME, Pokon EK, Shields GC. Thermodynamics of Forming Water Clusters at Various Temperatures and Pressures by Gaussian-2, Gaussian-3, Complete Basis Set-QB3, and Complete Basis Set-APNO Model Chemistries; Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:2647-53. [PMID: 14982475 DOI: 10.1021/ja038928p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Gaussian-2, Gaussian-3, complete basis set- (CBS-) QB3, and CBS-APNO methods have been used to calculate Delta H degrees and Delta G degrees values for neutral clusters of water, (H(2)O)(n), where n = 2-6. The structures are similar to those determined from experiment and from previous high-level calculations. The thermodynamic calculations by the G2, G3, and CBS-APNO methods compare well against the estimated MP2(CBS) limit. The cyclic pentamer and hexamer structures release the most heat per hydrogen bond formed of any of the clusters. While the cage and prism forms of the hexamer are the lowest energy structures at very low temperatures, as temperature is increased the cyclic structure is favored. The free energies of cluster formation at different temperatures reveal interesting insights, the most striking being that the cyclic trimer, cyclic tetramer, and cyclic pentamer, like the dimer, should be detectable in the lower troposphere. We predict water dimer concentrations of 9 x 10(14) molecules/cm(3), water trimer concentrations of 2.6 x 10(12) molecules/cm(3), tetramer concentrations of approximately 5.8 x 10(11) molecules/cm(3), and pentamer concentrations of approximately 3.5 x 10(10) molecules/cm(3) in saturated air at 298 K. These results have important implications for understanding the gas-phase chemistry of the lower troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Road, Clinton, New York 13323, USA
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