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Ma B, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Bao X, Zhang M, Ren C, Zhang Q. Aucubin, a natural iridoid glucoside, attenuates oxidative stress-induced testis injury by inhibiting JNK and CHOP activation via Nrf2 up-regulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:153057. [PMID: 31419730 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eucommia ulmoides has been used for many years as a successful strategy to treat male infertility. Aucubin (AU) is the active ingredient extracted from Eucommia ulmoides. However, its protective action and exact mechanism on testicular injury is not yet known. PURPOSE Here, the protective effect and the mechanism of action of AU on testis damage under oxidative stress was investigated in vivo and in vitro. METHODS As regard the in vivo experiment, male mice were divided into five groups and testicular injury model was established by Triptolide (TP) (120 μg/kg) intraperitoneal injection for two weeks. Animals in the treatment group were pretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of AU at different doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) for 1 h and subsequently treated with TP (120 μg/kg). At the end of the experimental period, the testis was collected for biochemical and histological examination. As regard the in vitro experiment, Sertoli cells (SCs) were used to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of action of AU against disruption of the blood-testis-barrier (BTB) and apoptosis induced by TP via apoptosis detection, western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, and siRNA transient transfection. RESULTS TP-treated animals showed testicular atrophy, BTB disruption, increased ROS levels and spermatogenic dysfunction. Pre-administration of AU resulted in a significant protection on keeping a normal testicular weight, sperm morphology, BTB integrity, and a normal level of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants. Furthermore, AU prevented apoptosis through an effective inhibition of PERK/CHOP and JNK dependent apoptosis pathway, as well as protected the integrity of BTB by up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-11) and gap junction protein (Cx43). The mechanistic study revealed that AU significantly triggered Nrf2 translocation, thus increasing nuclear Nrf2 accumulation and then induced antioxidant enzymes expression in the testis and SCs. Furthermore, Nrf2 silencing unsuccessfully reversed the increased CHOP and p-JNK expression induced by TP, abolishing the protective effect of AU. CONCLUSION These results indicate that AU might be considered as a potential protective agent against testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingya Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoxing Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Wu S, Yan M, Li L, Mao B, Wong CKC, Ge R, Lian Q, Cheng CY. mTORC1/rpS6 and spermatogenic function in the testis-insights from the adjudin model. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:54-66. [PMID: 31278979 PMCID: PMC6825331 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
mTORC1/rpS6 signaling complex promoted Sertoli blood-testis barrier (BTB) remodeling by perturbing Sertoli cell-cell adhesion site known as the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES). mTORC1/rpS6 complex also promoted disruption of spermatid adhesion at the Sertoli-spermatid interface called the apical ES. Herein, we performed analyses using the adjudin (a non-hormonal male contraceptive drug under development) model, wherein adjudin was known to perturb apical and basal ES function when used at high dose. Through direct administration of adjudin to the testis, adjudin at doses that failed to perturb BTB integrity per se, overexpression of an rpS6 phosphomimetic (i.e., constitutively active) mutant (i.e., p-rpS6-MT) that modified BTB function considerably potentiated adjudin efficacy. This led to disorderly spatial expression of proteins necessary to maintain the proper cytoskeletal organization of F-actin and microtubules (MTs) across the seminiferous epithelium, leading to germ cell exfoliation and aspermatogenesis. These findings yielded important insights regarding the role of mTORC1/rpS6 signaling complex in regulating BTB homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Ming Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States.
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53
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Edelsztein NY, Rey RA. Importance of the Androgen Receptor Signaling in Gene Transactivation and Transrepression for Pubertal Maturation of the Testis. Cells 2019; 8:E861. [PMID: 31404977 PMCID: PMC6721648 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens are key for pubertal development of the mammalian testis, a phenomenon that is tightly linked to Sertoli cell maturation. In this review, we discuss how androgen signaling affects Sertoli cell function and morphology by concomitantly inhibiting some processes and promoting others that contribute jointly to the completion of spermatogenesis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibition by androgens at puberty, as well as on the role androgens have on Sertoli cell tight junction formation and maintenance and, consequently, on its effect on proper germ cell differentiation and meiotic onset during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Y Edelsztein
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) - CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina.
| | - Rodolfo A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) - CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
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54
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Rotgers E, Cisneros-Montalvo S, Nurmio M, Toppari J. Retinoblastoma protein represses E2F3 to maintain Sertoli cell quiescence in mouse testis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/14/jcs229849. [PMID: 31308245 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the differentiated state and cell cycle exit in adult Sertoli cells depends on tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein (RB, also known as RB1). We have previously shown that RB interacts with transcription factor E2F3 in the mouse testis. Here, we investigated how E2f3 contributes to adult Sertoli cell proliferation in a mouse model of Sertoli cell-specific knockout of Rb by crossing these mice with an E2f3 knockout mouse line. In the presence of intact RB, E2f3 was redundant in Sertoli cells. However, in the absence of RB, E2f3 is a key driver for cell cycle re-entry and loss of function in adult Sertoli cells. Knockout of E2f3 in Sertoli cells rescued the breakdown of Sertoli cell function associated with Rb loss, prevented proliferation of adult Sertoli cells and restored fertility of the mice. In summary, our results show that RB-mediated repression of E2F3 is critical for the maintenance of cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation in adult mouse Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Rotgers
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Sheyla Cisneros-Montalvo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Mirja Nurmio
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland .,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
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Yan M, Li L, Mao B, Li H, Li SYT, Mruk D, Silvestrini B, Lian Q, Ge R, Cheng CY. mTORC1/rpS6 signaling complex modifies BTB transport function: an in vivo study using the adjudin model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E121-E138. [PMID: 31112404 PMCID: PMC6689739 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00553.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the mTORC1/rpS6 signaling cascade regulates Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier (BTB) dynamics. For instance, specific inhibition of mTORC1 by treating Sertoli cells with rapamycin promotes the Sertoli cell barrier, making it "tighter." However, activation of mTORC1 by overexpressing a full-length rpS6 cDNA clone (i.e., rpS6-WT, wild type) in Sertoli cells promotes BTB remodeling, making the barrier "leaky." Also, there is an increase in rpS6 and p-rpS6 (phosphorylated and activated rpS6) expression at the BTB in testes at stages VIII-IX of the epithelial cycle, and it coincides with BTB remodeling to support the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes across the barrier, illustrating that rpS6 is a BTB-modifying signaling protein. Herein, we used a constitutively active, quadruple phosphomimetic mutant of rpS6, namely p-rpS6-MT of p-rpS6-S235E/S236E/S240E/S244E, wherein Ser (S) was converted to Glu (E) at amino acid residues 235, 236, 240, and 244 from the NH2 terminus by site-directed mutagenesis, for its overexpression in rat testes in vivo using the Polyplus in vivo jet-PEI transfection reagent with high transfection efficiency. Overexpression of this p-rpS6-MT was capable of inducing BTB remodeling, making the barrier "leaky." This thus promoted the entry of the nonhormonal male contraceptive adjudin into the adluminal compartment in the seminiferous epithelium to induce germ cell exfoliation. Combined overexpression of p-rpS6-MT with a male contraceptive (e.g., adjudin) potentiated the drug bioavailability by modifying the BTB. This approach thus lowers intrinsic drug toxicity due to a reduced drug dose, further characterizing the biology of BTB transport function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Linxi Li
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
- Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Baiping Mao
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
- Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Huitao Li
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
- Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Stephen Y T Li
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Dolores Mruk
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | | | - Qingquan Lian
- Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Renshan Ge
- Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
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Kanamori M, Oikawa K, Tanemura K, Hara K. Mammalian germ cell migration during development, growth, and homeostasis. Reprod Med Biol 2019; 18:247-255. [PMID: 31312103 PMCID: PMC6613016 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germ cells represent one of the typical cell types that moves over a long period of time and large distance within the animal body. To continue its life cycle, germ cells must migrate to spatially distinct locations for proper development. Defects in such migration processes can result in infertility. Thus, for more than a century, the principles of germ cell migration have been a focus of interest in the field of reproductive biology. METHODS Based on published reports (mainly from rodents), investigations of germ cell migration before releasing from the body, including primordial germ cells (PGCs), gonocytes, spermatogonia, and immature spermatozoon, were summarized. MAIN FINDINGS Germ cells migrate with various patterns, with each migration step regulated by distinct mechanisms. During development, PGCs actively and passively migrate from the extraembryonic region toward genital ridges through the hindgut epithelium. After sex determination, male germline cells migrate heterogeneously in a developmental stage-dependent manner within the testis. CONCLUSION During migration, there are multiple gates that disallow germ cells from re-entering the proper developmental pathway after wandering off the original migration path. The presence of gates may ensure the robustness of germ cell development during development, growth, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kanamori
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Kenta Oikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Kenshiro Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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Wang J, Li J, Xu W, Xia Q, Gu Y, Song W, Zhang X, Yang Y, Wang W, Li H, Zou K. Androgen promotes differentiation of PLZF + spermatogonia pool via indirect regulatory pattern. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:57. [PMID: 31142324 PMCID: PMC6542041 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen plays a pivotal role in spermatogenesis, accompanying a question how androgen acts on germ cells in testis since germ cells lack of androgen receptors (AR). Promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) is essential for maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia population which is terminologically called spermatogonia progenitor cells (SPCs). Aims We aim to figure out the molecular connections between androgen and fates of PLZF+ SPCs population. Method Immunohistochemistry was conducted to confirm that postnatal testicular germ cells lacked endogenous AR. Subsequently, total cells were isolated from 5 dpp (day post partum) mouse testes, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or bicalutamide treatment manifested that Plzf was indirectly regulated by androgen. Then, Sertoli cells were purified to screen downstream targets of AR using ChIP-seq, and gene silence and overexpression were used to attest these interactions in Sertoli cells or SPCs-Sertoli cells co-culture system. Finally, these connections were further verified in vivo using androgen pharmacological deprivation mouse model. Results Gata2 is identified as a target of AR, and β1-integrin is a target of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) in Sertoli cells. Androgen signal negatively regulate β1-integrin on Sertoli cells via Gata2 and WT1, and β1-integrin on Sertoli cells interacts with E-cadherin on SPCs to regulate SPCs fates. Conclusion Androgen promotes differentiation of PLZF+ spermatogonia pool via indirect regulatory pattern. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0369-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunzhao Gu
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixiang Song
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hua Li
- Bio-ID Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Zou
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang NO.1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Paduch DA, Hilz S, Grimson A, Schlegel PN, Jedlicka AE, Wright WW. Aberrant gene expression by Sertoli cells in infertile men with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216586. [PMID: 31071133 PMCID: PMC6508736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome is a severe form of human male infertility seemingly characterized by the lack all spermatogenic cells. However, tubules of some SCO testes contain small patches of active spermatogenesis and thus spermatogonial stem cells. We hypothesized that these stem cells cannot replicate and seed spermatogenesis in barren areas of tubule because as-of-yet unrecognized deficits in Sertoli cell gene expression disable most stem cell niches. Performing the first thorough comparison of the transcriptomes of human testes exhibiting complete spermatogenesis with the transcriptomes of testes with SCO syndrome, we defined transcripts that are both predominantly expressed by Sertoli cells and expressed at aberrant levels in SCO testes. Some of these transcripts encode proteins required for the proper assembly of adherent and gap junctions at sites of contact with other cells, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Other transcripts encode GDNF, FGF8 and BMP4, known regulators of mouse SSCs. Thus, most SCO Sertoli cells can neither organize junctions at normal sites of cell-cell contact nor stimulate SSCs with adequate levels of growth factors. We propose that the critical deficits in Sertoli cell gene expression we have identified contribute to the inability of spermatogonial stem cells within small patches of spermatogenesis in some SCO testes to seed spermatogenesis to adjacent areas of tubule that are barren of spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we predict that one or more of these deficits in gene expression are primary causes of human SCO syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius A. Paduch
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Hilz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Genomic Analysis and Sequencing Core Facility, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Jedlicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William W. Wright
- Consulting Research Services, Inc, North Bergen, N.J., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ma B, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zhao A, Zhou Y, Ying H, Zhang Q. Luteolin Ameliorates Testis Injury and Blood–Testis Barrier Disruption through the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and by Upregulating Cx43. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800843. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yanfen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- School of Life Science & Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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Xiao X, Yang Y, Mao B, Cheng CY, Ni Y. Emerging role for SRC family kinases in junction dynamics during spermatogenesis. Reproduction 2019; 157:R85-R94. [PMID: 30608903 PMCID: PMC6602873 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SRC family kinases (SFKs) are known regulators of multiple cellular events, including cell movement, differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. SFKs are expressed virtually by all mammalian cells. They are non-receptor protein kinases that phosphorylate a variety of cellular proteins on tyrosine, leading to the activation of protein targets in response to environmental stimuli. Among SFKs, SRC, YES and FYN are the ubiquitously expressed and best studied members. In fact, SRC, the prototypical SFK, was the first tyrosine kinase identified in mammalian cells. Studies have shown that SFKs are regulators of cell junctions, and function in endocytosis and membrane trafficking to regulate junction restructuring events. Herein, we briefly summarize the recent findings in the field regarding the role of SFKs in the testis in regulating spermatogenesis, particularly in Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell adhesion. While it is almost 50 years since the identification of the oncogene v-Src encoded by Rous sarcoma transforming virus, the understanding of SFK involvement during spermatogenesis in the testis remains far behind that in other epithelia and tissues. The goal of this review is to bridge this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Woldford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Ya Ni
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang, China
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Melo TP, Fortes MRS, Bresolin T, Mota LFM, Albuquerque LG, Carvalheiro R. Multitrait meta-analysis identified genomic regions associated with sexual precocity in tropical beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4087-4099. [PMID: 30053002 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multitrait meta-analyses are a strategy to produce more accurate genome-wide association studies, especially for complex phenotypes. We carried out a meta-analysis study for traits related to sexual precocity in tropical beef cattle (Nellore and Brahman) aiming to identify important genomic regions affecting these traits. The traits included in the analyses were age at first calving (AFC), early pregnancy (EP), age at first corpus luteum (AGECL), first postpartum anoestrus interval (PPAI), and scrotal circumference (SC). The traits AFC, EP, and SCN were measured in Nellore cattle, while AGECL, PPAI, and SCB were measured in Brahman cattle. Meta-analysis resulted in 108 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), at an empirical threshold P-value of 1.39 × 10-5 (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). Within 0.5 Mb of the significant SNP, candidate genes were annotated and analyzed for functional enrichment. Most of the closest genes to the SNP with higher significance in each chromosome have been associated with important roles in reproductive function. They are TSC22D2, KLF7, ARHGAP29, 7SK, MAP3K5, TLE3, WDR5, TAF3, TMEM68, PPP1R15B, NR2F2, GALR1, SUFU, and KCNU1. We did not observe any significant SNP in BTA5, BTA12, BTA17, BTA18, BTA19, BTA20, BTA22, BTA23, BTA25, and BTA28. Although the majority of significant SNPs are in BTA14, it was identified significant associations in multiple chromosomes (19 out of 29 autosomes), which is consistent with the postulation that reproductive traits are complex polygenic phenotypes. Five proposed association regions harbor the majority of the significant SNP (76%) and were distributed over four chromosomes (P < 1.39 × 10-5, FDR < 0.05): BTA2 (5.55%) from 95 to 96 Mb, BTA4 (5.55%) from 94.1 to 94.8 Mb, BTA14 (59.26%) from 24 to 25 Mb and 29 to 30 Mb, and BTA21 (5.55%) from 6.7 Mb to 11.4 Mb. These regions harbored key genes related to reproductive function. Moreover, these genes were enriched for functional groups associated with immune response, maternal-fetal tolerance, pregnancy maintenance, embryo development, fertility, and response to stress. Further studies including other breeds and precocity traits could confirm the importance of these regions and identify new candidate regions for sexual precocity in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise P Melo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina R S Fortes
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tiago Bresolin
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucio F M Mota
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia G Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, FCAV/ UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Adams A, Sriram A, Wayne Vogl A. Internalization of Intact Intercellular Junctions in the Testis by Clathrin/Actin-Mediated Endocytic Structures: Tubulobulbar Complexes. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:2080-2085. [PMID: 30312540 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells of the mammalian seminiferous epithelium form unique subcellular actin-related structures at intercellular junctions. The appearance of these so called "tubulobulbar complexes" (TBCs) precedes both sperm release at the apex of the epithelium and the movement of early spermatogenic cells out of the spermatogonial stem cell niche at the base of the epithelium. TBCs are considered to be part of the mechanism of junction endocytosis by Sertoli cells. The structures contain junction proteins and morphologically identifiable junctions, and are associated with markers of endocytosis. Here we review the current state of knowledge about the structure and function of TBCs. As the complexes form, they morphologically resemble and have the molecular signature of clathrin-coated pits with extremely long necks. As they mature, the actin filament networks around the "necks" of the structures progressively disassemble and the membrane cores expand or swell into distinct "bulbs". These bulbs acquire extensive membrane contact sites with associated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Eventually the bulbs undergo scission and continue through endosomal compartments of the Sertoli cells. The morphology and composition of TBC indicates to us that the structures likely evolved from the basic clathrin-mediated endocytosis mechanism common to cells generally, and along the way they incorporated unique features to accommodate the cyclic turnover of massive and "intact" intercellular junctions that occurs during spermatogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:2080-2085, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlo Adams
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aarati Sriram
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Wayne Vogl
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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63
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Role of AMPK in the expression of tight junction proteins in heat-treated porcine Sertoli cells. Theriogenology 2018; 121:42-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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64
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Garcia-Pradas L, Gleiser C, Wizenmann A, Wolburg H, Mack AF. Glial Cells in the Fish Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Form Tight Junctions, Separating and Surrounding Axons. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:367. [PMID: 30364233 PMCID: PMC6192225 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the retina of teleost fish, cell addition continues throughout life involving proliferation and axonal growth. To study how this is achieved in a fully functioning retina, we investigated the nerve fiber layer (NFL) of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni for components that might regulate the extracellular environment. We hypothesized that growing axons are surrounded by different cell structures than signal conducting axons. Using immunohistochemistry and freeze fracture electron microscopy we found that the endfeet of Müller cells (MCs) expressed aquaporin-4 but not in high densities as in mammals. The presence of this water channel indicates the involvement of MCs in water homeostasis. Remarkably, we discovered conspicuous tight junctions in the retinal NFL. These tight junctions formed branching strands between myelin-like wrappings of ganglion cell axons that differed morphologically from any known myelin, and also an elaborate meshwork on large membrane faces between axons. We speculated that these tight junctions have additional functions than solely facilitating nerve conductance. Immunostainings against the adaptor protein ZO-1 labeled the NFL as did antibodies against the mammalian claudin-1, 3, and 19. Performing PCR analysis, we showed expression of claudin-1, 3, 5a, 5b, 9, 11, and 19 in the fish retina, claudins that typically occur at brain barriers or myelin. We could show by immunostains for doublecortin, a marker for differentiating neurons, that new axons are not surrounded by the myelin-like wrappings but only by the endfeet of MCs. We hypothesize that the tight junctions in the NFL of fish might contribute to the separation of an extracellular space around axons facilitating conductance, from a growth-promoting environment. For a functional test we applied Evans Blue dye to eye cup preparations which showed a retention of the dye in the NFL. This indicates that these remarkable tight junctions can indeed act as a diffusion barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Garcia-Pradas
- Institut für klinische Anatomie und Zellanalytik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Gleiser
- Institut für klinische Anatomie und Zellanalytik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Wizenmann
- Institut für klinische Anatomie und Zellanalytik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Institut für Pathologie und Neuropathologie, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas F Mack
- Institut für klinische Anatomie und Zellanalytik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Ortega-Olvera JM, Winkler R, Quintanilla-Vega B, Shibayama M, Chávez-Munguía B, Martín-Tapia D, Alarcón L, González-Mariscal L. The organophosphate pesticide methamidophos opens the blood-testis barrier and covalently binds to ZO-2 in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:257-272. [PMID: 30291936 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methamidophos (MET) is an organophosphate (OP) pesticide widely used in agriculture in developing countries. MET causes adverse effects in male reproductive function in humans and experimental animals, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We explored the effect of MET on mice testes (5 mg/kg/day/4 days), finding that this pesticide opens the blood-testis barrier and perturbs spermatogenesis, generating the appearance of immature germ cells in the epididymis. In the seminiferous tubules, MET treatment changed the level of expression or modified the stage-specific localization of tight junction (TJ) proteins ZO-1, ZO-2, occludin, and claudin-3. In contrast, claudin-11 was barely altered. MET also modified the shape of claudin-11, and ZO-2 at the cell border, from a zigzag to a more linear pattern. In addition, MET diminished the expression of ZO-2 in spermatids present in seminiferous tubules, induced the phosphorylation of ZO-2 and occludin in testes and reduced the interaction between these proteins assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. MET formed covalent bonds with ZO-2 in serine, tyrosine and lysine residues. The covalent modifications formed on ZO-2 at putative phosphorylation sites might interfere with ZO-2 interaction with regulatory molecules and other TJ proteins. MET bonds formed at ZO-2 ubiquitination sites likely interfere with ZO-2 degradation and TJ sealing, based on results obtained in cultured epithelial cells transfected with ZO-2 mutated at a MET target lysine residue. Our results shed light on MET male reproductive toxicity and are important to improve regulations regarding the use of OP pesticides and to protect the health of agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Winkler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Cinvestav, Irapuato 36824, Mexico; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany
| | | | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Dolores Martín-Tapia
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Alarcón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Jin M, Lou J, Yu H, Miao M, Wang G, Ai H, Huang Y, Han S, Han D, Yu G. Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes inflammation in mouse testes: The critical role of Klotho in Sertoli cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Griswold MD. 50 years of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:87-100. [PMID: 29462262 PMCID: PMC7328471 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex morphology of the Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells has been a focus of investigators since they were first described by Enrico Sertoli. In the past 50 years, information on Sertoli cells has transcended morphology alone to become increasingly more focused on molecular questions. The goal of investigators has been to understand the role of the Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis and to apply that information to problems relating to male fertility. Sertoli cells are unique in that they are a nondividing cell population that is active for the reproductive lifetime of the animal and cyclically change morphology and gene expression. The numerous and distinctive junctional complexes and membrane specializations made by Sertoli cells provide a scaffold and environment for germ cell development. The increased focus of investigators on the molecular components and putative functions of testicular cells has resulted primarily from procedures that isolate specific cell types from the testicular milieu. Products of Sertoli cells that influence germ cell development and vice versa have been characterized from cultured cells and from the application of transgenic technologies. Germ cell transplantation has shown that the Sertoli cells respond to cues from germ cells with regard to developmental timing and has furthered a focus on spermatogenic stem cells and the stem cell niche. Very basic and universal features of spermatogenesis such as the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave are initiated by Sertoli cells and maintained by Sertoli-germ cell cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Griswold
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Ahmed N, Yang P, Chen H, Ujjan IA, Haseeb A, Wang L, Soomro F, Faraz S, Sahito B, Ali W, Chen Q. Characterization of inter-Sertoli cell tight and gap junctions in the testis of turtle: Protect the developing germ cells from an immune response. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:60-67. [PMID: 29959039 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is conceivable that early developing germ cells must across the basal to the luminal region of seminiferous tubules (STs) during spermatogenesis is associated with extensive restructuring of junctional complex. However, very limited information is documented about these junctional complexes in reptiles. In the present study we have determined the localization of inter-Sertoli cell tight junctions (TJ's), protein CLDN11 and gap junction protein Cx43 during spermatogenesis in the testis. In early spermatogenesis, weak immunoreactivity of CLDN11and focal localization of Cx43 was observed around the Sertoli cell in the luminal region, but completely delaminated from the basal compartment of STs. In late spermatogenesis, strong focal to linear localization of CLDN11and Cx43 was detected at the points of contact between two Sertoli cells and around the early stages of primary spermatocytes in the basal compartment of STs. In late spermatogenesis, localization of CLDN11and Cx43 was drastically reduced and seen only around Sertoli cells and spermatogonia near the basal lamina. However, transmission electron microscopy revealed that inter-Sertoli cell tight junctions were present within the basal compartment of STs, leaving the spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes in the basal region during mid spermatogenesis. Gap junctions were observed between Sertoli cells, and Sertoli cells with spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes throughout spermatogenesis. Moreover, adherens and hemidesmosomes junctions were observed during spermatogenesis. The above findings collectively suggest that the intensity and localization of TJ's and gap junctions vary according to the spermatogenetic stages that might be protected the developing germ cells from own immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, LUAWMS, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Imtiaz Ali Ujjan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Feroza Soomro
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Faraz
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, LUAWMS, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Benazir Sahito
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Ali
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Biology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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Immune-Endocrine Interactions in the Fish Gonad during Infection: An Open Door to Vertical Transmission. FISHES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes3020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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70
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MicroRNA-7450 regulates non-thermal plasma-induced chicken Sertoli cell apoptosis via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8761. [PMID: 29884805 PMCID: PMC5993736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma treatment is an emerging innovative technique with a wide range of biological applications. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma technique on immature chicken Sertoli cell (SC) viability and the regulatory role of microRNA (miR)-7450. Results showed that plasma treatment increased SC apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Plasma-induced SC apoptosis possibly resulted from the excess production of reactive oxygen species via the suppression of antioxidant defense systems and decreased cellular energy metabolism through the inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and respiratory enzyme activity in the mitochondria. In addition, plasma treatment downregulated miR-7450 expression and activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), which further inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in SCs. A single-stranded synthetic miR-7450 antagomir disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP level and mTOR phosphorylation by targeting the activation of AMPKα, which resulted in significant increases in SC lethality. A double-stranded synthetic miR-7450 agomir produced opposite effects on these parameters and ameliorated plasma-mediated apoptotic effects on SCs. Our findings suggest that miR-7450 is involved in the regulation of plasma-induced SC apoptosis through the activation of AMPKα and the further inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway.
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71
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Hollenbach J, Jung K, Noelke J, Gasse H, Pfarrer C, Koy M, Brehm R. Loss of connexin43 in murine Sertoli cells and its effect on blood-testis barrier formation and dynamics. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198100. [PMID: 29856785 PMCID: PMC5983412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) is the predominant testicular gap junction protein and in cases of impaired spermatogenesis, Cx43 expression has been shown to be altered in several mammals. Amongst other functions, Cx43 is supposed to regulate junction formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern of different tight junction (TJ) proteins of the murine BTB using SC-specific Cx43 knockout mice (SCCx43KO). Adult homozygous male SCCx43KO mice (SCCx43KO-/-) predominantly show an arrest of spermatogenesis and SC-only tubules that might have been caused by an altered BTB assembly, composition or regulation. TJ molecules claudin-3, -5 and -11 were examined in adult wild type (WT) and SCCx43KO-/- mice using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In this context, investigation of single tubules with residual spermatogenesis in SCCx43KO-/- mice was particularly interesting to identify a potential Cx43-independent influence of germ cells (GC) on BTB composition and dynamics. In tubules without residual spermatogenesis, a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution pattern for claudin-11 protein could be demonstrated in mutant mice. Nevertheless, claudin-11 seems to form functional TJ. Claudin-3 and -5 could not be detected immunohistochemically in the seminiferous epithelium of those tubules. Correspondingly, claudin-3 and -5 mRNA expression was decreased, providing evidence of generally impaired BTB dynamics in adult KO mice. Observations of tubules with residual spermatogenesis suggested a Cx43-independent regulation of TJ proteins by GC populations. To determine initial BTB formation in peripubertal SCCx43KO-/- mice, immunohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR of claudin-11 were carried out in adolescent SCCx43KO-/- and WT mice. Additionally, BTB integrity was functionally analysed using a hypertonic glucose fixative. These analyses revealed that SCCx43KO-/- mice formed an intact BTB during puberty in the same time period as WT mice, which however seemed to be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hollenbach
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joanna Noelke
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hagen Gasse
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirja Koy
- Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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72
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da Silva LRC. Zika Virus Trafficking and Interactions in the Human Male Reproductive Tract. Pathogens 2018; 7:E51. [PMID: 29751638 PMCID: PMC6027493 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) is a matter of great concern. Infectious viral particles can be shed in semen for as long as six months after infection and can be transferred to male and female sexual partners during unprotected sexual intercourse. The virus can be found inside spermatozoa and could be directly transferred to the oocyte during fertilization. Sexual transmission of ZIKV can contribute to the rise in number of infected individuals in endemic areas as well as in countries where the mosquito vector does not thrive. There is also the possibility, as has been demonstrated in mouse models, that the vaginal deposition of ZIKV particles present in semen could lead to congenital syndrome. In this paper, we review the current literature to understand ZIKV trafficking from the bloodstream to the human male reproductive tract and viral interactions with host cells in interstitial spaces, tubule walls, annexed glands and semen. We hope to highlight gaps to be filled by future research and potential routes for vaccine and antiviral development.
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73
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Sharma M, Braun RE. Cyclical expression of GDNF is required for spermatogonial stem cell homeostasis. Development 2018; 145:dev.151555. [PMID: 29440301 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the murine testis, self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) requires glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) secreted from neighboring somatic cells. However, it not clear how GDNF promotes self-renewal in vivo or what downstream signaling pathways are required for SSC maintenance. We found that GDNF is normally expressed cyclically during spermatogenesis. Stage-specific ectopic expression of GDNF caused the accumulation of a GFRA1+ LIN28- Asingle population, which has enhanced SSC activity compared with wild type, suggesting that GDNF normally limits self-renewal to specific stages. Despite the increase in SSC cell number, EdU labeling during steady-stage spermatogenesis, and during recovery after busulfan-mediated spermatogonial depletion, indicated that GDNF promotes self-renewal by blocking differentiation and not by promoting proliferation. Increased GDNF signaling led to increased phosphorylation of AKT3 in undifferentiated spermatogonia, but not of AKT1 or AKT2, and was independent of RPS6 phosphorylation, suggesting that AKT3 functions in SSC self-renewal or progenitor cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Robert E Braun
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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Li SYT, Yan M, Chen H, Jesus T, Lee WM, Xiao X, Cheng CY. mTORC1/rpS6 regulates blood-testis barrier dynamics and spermatogenetic function in the testis in vivo. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E174-E190. [PMID: 29089336 PMCID: PMC5866417 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00263.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB), conferred by Sertoli cells in the mammalian testis, is an important ultrastructure that supports spermatogenesis. Studies using animal models have shown that a disruption of the BTB leads to meiotic arrest, causing defects in spermatogenesis and male infertility. To better understand the regulation of BTB dynamics, we report findings herein to understand the role of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), a downstream signaling protein of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), in promoting BTB disruption in the testis in vivo, making the barrier "leaky." Overexpression of wild-type rpS6 (rpS6-WT, the full-length cDNA cloned into the mammalian expression vector pCI-neo) and a constitutively active quadruple phosphomimetic mutant cloned into pCI-neo (p-rpS6-MT) vs. control (empty pCI-neo vector) was achieved by transfecting adult rat testes with the corresponding plasmid DNA using a Polyplus in vivo-jetPEI transfection reagent. On the basis of an in vivo functional BTB integrity assay, p-rpS6-MT was found to induce BTB disruption better than rpS6-WT did (and no effects in empty vector control), leading to defects in spermatogenesis, including loss of spermatid polarity and failure in the transport of cells (e.g., spermatids) and organelles (e.g., phagosomes), to be followed by germ exfoliation. More important, rpS6-WT and p-rpS6-MT exert their disruptive effects through changes in the organization of actin- and microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeletons, which are mediated by changes in the spatiotemporal expression of actin- and MT-based binding and regulatory proteins. In short, mTORC1/rpS6 signaling complex is a regulator of spermatogenesis and BTB by modulating the organization of the actin- and MT-based cytoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y T Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Ming Yan
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Tito Jesus
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Hangzhou , China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council , New York, New York
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Li XY, Zhang Y, Wang XX, Jin C, Wang YQ, Sun TC, Li J, Tang JX, Batool A, Deng SL, Chen SR, Cheng CY, Liu YX. Regulation of blood-testis barrier assembly in vivo by germ cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:1653-1664. [PMID: 29183964 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700681r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) during postnatal development is crucial to support meiosis. However, the role of germ cells in BTB assembly remains unclear. Herein, KitW/KitWV mice were used as a study model. These mice were infertile, failing to establish a functional BTB to support meiosis due to c-Kit mutation. Transplantation of undifferentiated spermatogonia derived from normal mice into the testis of KitW/KitWV mice triggered functional BTB assembly, displaying cyclic remodeling during the epithelial cycle. Also, transplanted germ cells were capable of inducing Leydig cell testosterone production, which could enhance the expression of integral membrane protein claudin 3 in Sertoli cells. Early spermatocytes were shown to play a vital role in directing BTB assembly by expressing claudin 3, which likely created a transient adhesion structure to mediate BTB and cytoskeleton assembly in adjacent Sertoli cells. In summary, the positive modulation of germ cells on somatic cell function provides useful information regarding somatic-germ cell interactions.-Li, X.-Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, X.-X., Jin, C., Wang, Y.-Q., Sun, T.-C., Li, J., Tang, J.-X., Batool, A., Deng, S.-L., Chen, S.-R., Cheng, C. Y., Liu, Y.-X. Regulation of blood-testis barrier assembly in vivo by germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Changsha Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Changsha, China; and
| | - Xiu-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alia Batool
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Long Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Ren Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yi-Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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76
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Chen H, Lui WY, Mruk DD, Xiao X, Ge R, Lian Q, Lee WM, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Monitoring the Integrity of the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB): An In Vivo Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1748:245-252. [PMID: 29453576 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7698-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier is a unique ultrastructure in the mammalian testis, located near the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule that segregates the seminiferous epithelium into the basal and the adluminal (apical) compartment. Besides restricting paracellular and transcellular passage of biomolecules (e.g., paracrine factors, hormones), water, electrolytes, and other substances including toxicants and/or drugs to enter the adluminal compartment of the epithelium, the BTB is an important ultrastructure that supports spermatogenesis. As such, a sensitive and reliable assay to monitor its integrity in vivo is helpful for studying testis biology. This assay is based on the ability of an intact BTB to exclude the diffusion of a small molecule such as sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin (C20H29N4NaO9S2, Mr. 556.59, a water-soluble and membrane-impermeable biotinylation reagent) from the basal to the apical compartment of the seminiferous epithelium. Herein, we summarize the detailed procedures on performing the assay and to obtain semiquantitative data to assess the extent of BTB damage when compared to positive controls, such as treatment of rats with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) which is known to compromise the BTB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.
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Regulatory Mechanism of Spermatogenic Stem Cells in Mice: Their Dynamic and Context-Dependent Behavior. DIVERSITY AND COMMONALITY IN ANIMALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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78
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Vogl W, Lyon K, Adams A, Piva M, Nassour V. The endoplasmic reticulum, calcium signaling and junction turnover in Sertoli cells. Reproduction 2017; 155:R93-R104. [PMID: 29066527 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms a continuous network throughout morphologically differentiated Sertoli cells. It is an integral component of intercellular adhesion junctions in this cell type, as well as forming membrane contact sites with the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles. One of the major functions of the ER in cells generally is maintaining calcium homeostasis and generating calcium signals. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the overall pattern of distribution of the ER in Sertoli cells and the location of calcium regulatory machinery in the various subdomains of the organelle. Current data are consistent with the hypothesis that calcium signaling by the ER of Sertoli cells may play a significant role in events related to junction remodeling that occur in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Vogl
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada .,Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Lyon
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arlo Adams
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew Piva
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vanessa Nassour
- Department of Cellular and Physiological SciencesUniversity of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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79
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董 合, 吴 洪, 傅 友, 戴 萌, 白 晓, 王 红. [Rictor/mTORC2 regulates blood-testis barrier and spermatogenesis in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1322-1329. [PMID: 29070461 PMCID: PMC6743948 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Rictor/mTORC2 in the formation of blood testis barrier (BTB), testicular development, and spermatogenesis. METHODS Amh Cre positive mice homozygous for rictor loxP with Sertoli cell specific deletion of rictor were obtained by cross breeding Amh Cre mice with rictor loxP mice. The histology of the reproductive organs, seminiferous tubules and epididymis of the transgenic mice was observed with HE staining. The cell subgroups of the germ cells in the seminiferous tubule were detected by flow cytometry with propidium iodide labeling. The expression levels of Ki 67 and separase were detected with immunofluorescence assay, and the expression levels of BTB associated proteins were detected with immunofluorescence and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control (Amh Cre-, rictorloxP/loxP or rictorloxP/-) mice, the mice with Sertoli cell specific rictor deletion showed significantly decreased testicular weight and epididymis weight (P<0.05), significantly increased diploid cells (P<0.01), and decreased haploid cells (P<0.01) but comparable tetraploid cells and similar expression levels of Ki 67 and separase. The mice with rictor knockout also showed aberrant localization of BTB associated proteins, which were scattered over the whole seminiferous epithelium, but the expression levels of the protein remained stable. CONCLUSION Rictor in testicular Sertoli cells is essential for maintaining BTB integrity and function and ensuring normal spermatogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 合玲 董
- 暨南大学体育学院, 广东 广州 510632College of Sports Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - 洪渊 吴
- 南方医科大学南方医院健康管理科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 友 傅
- 南方医科大学南方医院健康管理科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 萌 戴
- 南方医科大学南方医院健康管理科, 广东 广州 510515Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓春 白
- 南方医科大学细胞生物学教研室, 广东 广州 510515Southern Medical University, Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 红 王
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院, 广东省骨科研究院, 广东 广州 510630Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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80
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81
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Beal MA, Yauk CL, Marchetti F. From sperm to offspring: Assessing the heritable genetic consequences of paternal smoking and potential public health impacts. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:26-50. [PMID: 28927533 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals who smoke generally do so with the knowledge of potential consequences to their own health. What is rarely considered are the effects of smoking on their future children. The objective of this work was to review the scientific literature on the effects of paternal smoking on sperm and assess the consequences to offspring. A literature search identified over 200 studies with relevant data in humans and animal models. The available data were reviewed to assess the weight of evidence that tobacco smoke is a human germ cell mutagen and estimate effect sizes. These results were used to model the potential increase in genetic disease burden in offspring caused by paternal smoking, with specific focus on aneuploid syndromes and intellectual disability, and the socioeconomic impacts of such an effect. The review revealed strong evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with impaired male fertility, and increases in DNA damage, aneuploidies, and mutations in sperm. Studies support that these effects are heritable and adversely impact the offspring. Our model estimates that, with even a modest 25% increase in sperm mutation frequency caused by smoke-exposure, for each generation across the global population there will be millions of smoking-induced de novo mutations transmitted from fathers to offspring. Furthermore, paternal smoking is estimated to contribute to 1.3 million extra cases of aneuploid pregnancies per generation. Thus, the available evidence makes a compelling case that tobacco smoke is a human germ cell mutagen with serious public health and socio-economic implications. Increased public education should be encouraged to promote abstinence from smoking, well in advance of reproduction, to minimize the transmission of harmful mutations to the next-generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Beal
- Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada; Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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82
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McCabe MJ, Foo CF, Dinger ME, Smooker PM, Stanton PG. Claudin-11 and occludin are major contributors to Sertoli cell tight junction function, in vitro. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:620-6. [PMID: 26585695 PMCID: PMC4955190 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.163189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ) is the key component of the blood-testis barrier, where it sequesters developing germ cells undergoing spermatogenesis within the seminiferous tubules. Hormonally regulated claudin-11 is a critical transmembrane protein involved in barrier function and its murine knockout results in infertility. We aimed to assess quantitatively the significance of the contribution of claudin-11 to TJ function, in vitro, using siRNA-mediated gene silencing. We also conducted an analysis of the contribution of occludin, another intrinsic transmembrane protein of the TJ. Silencing of claudin-11 and/or occludin was conducted using siRNA in an immature rat Sertoli cell culture model. Transepithelial electrical resistance was used to assess quantitatively TJ function throughout the culture. Two days after siRNA treatment, cells were fixed for immunocytochemical localization of junction proteins or lyzed for RT-PCR assessment of mRNA expression. Silencing of claudin-11, occludin, or both resulted in significant decreases in TJ function of 55% (P < 0.01), 51% (P < 0.01), and 62% (P < 0.01), respectively. Data were concomitant with significant decreases in mRNA expression and marked reductions in the localization of targeted proteins to the Sertoli cell TJ. We provide quantitative evidence that claudin-11 contributes significantly (P < 0.01) to Sertoli cell TJ function in vitro. Interestingly, occludin, which is hormonally regulated but not implicated in infertility until late adulthood, is also a significant (P < 0.01) contributor to barrier function. Our data are consistent with in vivo studies that clearly demonstrate a role for these proteins in maintaining normal TJ barrier structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McCabe
- Male Fertility Regulation Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168; School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3088; Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Caroline Fh Foo
- Male Fertility Regulation Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Victoria 3088, Australia
| | - Peter G Stanton
- Male Fertility Regulation Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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83
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Tung KSK, Harakal J, Qiao H, Rival C, Li JCH, Paul AGA, Wheeler K, Pramoonjago P, Grafer CM, Sun W, Sampson RD, Wong EWP, Reddi PP, Deshmukh US, Hardy DM, Tang H, Cheng CY, Goldberg E. Egress of sperm autoantigen from seminiferous tubules maintains systemic tolerance. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1046-1060. [PMID: 28218625 DOI: 10.1172/jci89927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune responses to meiotic germ cell antigens (MGCA) that are expressed on sperm and testis occur in human infertility and after vasectomy. Many MGCA are also expressed as cancer/testis antigens (CTA) in human cancers, but the tolerance status of MGCA has not been investigated. MGCA are considered to be uniformly immunogenic and nontolerogenic, and the prevailing view posits that MGCA are sequestered behind the Sertoli cell barrier in seminiferous tubules. Here, we have shown that only some murine MGCA are sequestered. Nonsequestered MCGA (NS-MGCA) egressed from normal tubules, as evidenced by their ability to interact with systemically injected antibodies and form localized immune complexes outside the Sertoli cell barrier. NS-MGCA derived from cell fragments that were discarded by spermatids during spermiation. They egressed as cargo in residual bodies and maintained Treg-dependent physiological tolerance. In contrast, sequestered MGCA (S-MGCA) were undetectable in residual bodies and were nontolerogenic. Unlike postvasectomy autoantibodies, which have been shown to mainly target S-MGCA, autoantibodies produced by normal mice with transient Treg depletion that developed autoimmune orchitis exclusively targeted NS-MGCA. We conclude that spermiation, a physiological checkpoint in spermatogenesis, determines the egress and tolerogenicity of MGCA. Our findings will affect target antigen selection in testis and sperm autoimmunity and the immune responses to CTA in male cancer patients.
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84
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Gao Y, Mruk D, Chen H, Lui WY, Lee WM, Cheng CY. Regulation of the blood-testis barrier by a local axis in the testis: role of laminin α2 in the basement membrane. FASEB J 2017; 31:584-597. [PMID: 27815338 PMCID: PMC5240664 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600870r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Laminin α2 is one of the constituent components of the basement membrane (BM) in adult rat testes. Earlier studies that used a mouse genetic model have shown that a deletion of laminin α2 impedes male fertility by disrupting ectoplasmic specialization (ES; a testis-specific, actin-rich anchoring junction) function along the length of Sertoli cell in the testis. This includes ES at the Sertoli cell-elongating/elongated spermatid interface, which is known as apical ES and possibly the Sertoli-Sertoli cell interface, known as basal ES, at the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Studies have also illustrated that there is a local regulatory axis that functionally links cellular events of spermiation that occur near the luminal edge of tubule lumen at the apical ES and the basal ES/BTB remodeling near the BM at opposite ends of the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle, known as the apical ES-BTB-BM axis. However, the precise role of BM in this axis remains unknown. Here, we show that laminin α2 in the BM serves as the crucial regulator in this axis as laminin α2, likely its 80-kDa fragment from the C terminus, was found to be transported across the seminiferous epithelium at stages VIII-IX of the epithelial cycle, from the BM to the luminal edge of the tubule, possibly being used to modulate apical ES restructuring at these stages. Of more importance, a knockdown of laminin α2 in Sertoli cells was shown to induce the Sertoli cell tight junction permeability barrier disruption via changes in localization of adhesion proteins at the tight junction and basal ES at the Sertoli cell BTB. These changes were found to be mediated by a disruption of F-actin organization that was induced by changes in the spatiotemporal expression of actin binding/regulatory proteins. Furthermore, laminin α2 knockdown also perturbed microtubule (MT) organization by considerable down-regulation of MT polymerization via changes in the spatiotemporal expression of EB1 (end-binding protein 1), a +TIP (MT plus-end tracking protein). In short, laminin α2 in the BM seems to play a crucial role in the BTB-BM axis by modulating BTB dynamics during spermatogenesis.-Gao, Y., Mruk, D., Chen, H., Lui, W.-Y., Lee, W. M., Cheng, C. Y. Regulation of the blood-testis barrier by a local axis in the testis: role of laminin α2 in the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dolores Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wing-Yee Lui
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA;
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85
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Lu Y, Wang J, Guo X, Yan S, Dai J. Perfluorooctanoic acid affects endocytosis involving clathrin light chain A and microRNA-133b-3p in mouse testes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 318:41-48. [PMID: 28126411 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an abundant perfluoroalkyl substance widely applied in industrial and consumer products. Among its potential health hazards, testicular toxicity is of major concern. To explore the potential effect of miRNA on post-translational regulation after PFOA exposure, changes in miRNAs were detected via miRNA array. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed (eight upregulated, nine downregulated) in male mouse testes after exposure to 5mg/kg/d of PFOA for 28d (>1.5-fold and P<0.05 compared with the control). Eight of these miRNAs were further selected for TaqMan qPCR analysis. Proteomic profile analysis indicated that many changed proteins after PFOA treatment, including intersectin 1 (ITSN1), serine protease inhibitor A3K (Serpina3k), and apolipoprotein a1 (APOA1), were involved in endocytosis and blood-testis barrier (BTB) processes. These changes were further verified by immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. Endocytosis-related genes were selected for qPCR analysis, with many found to be significantly changed after PFOA treatment, including epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8), Eps15, cortactin, cofilin, espin, vinculin, and zyxin. We further predicted the potential interaction between changed miRNAs and proteins, which indicated that miRNAs might play a role in the post-translational regulation of gene expression after PFOA treatment in mouse testes. Among them, miR-133b-3p/clathrin light chain A (CLTA) was selected and verified in vitro by transfection and luciferase activity assay. Results showed that PFOA exposure affects endocytosis in mouse testes and that CLTA is a potential target of miR-133b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Shengmin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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87
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Annexin A2 is critical for blood-testis barrier integrity and spermatid disengagement in the mammalian testis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:527-545. [PMID: 27974247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Throughout spermatogenesis, two important processes occur at late stage VIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the rat testis: preleptotene spermatocytes commence entry into the adluminal compartment and step 19 spermatids release from the seminiferous epithelium. Presently, it is not clear how these processes, which involve extensive restructuring of unique Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell junctions, are mediated. We aimed to determine whether annexin A2 (ANXA2), a Ca2+-dependent and phospholipid-binding protein, participates in cell junction dynamics. To address this, in vitro and in vivo RNA interference studies were performed on prepubertal Sertoli cells and adult rat testes. The endpoints of Anxa2 knockdown were determined by immunoblotting, morphological analyses, fluorescent immunostaining, and barrier integrity assays. In the testis, ANXA2 localized to the Sertoli cell stalk, with specific staining at the blood-testis barrier and the concave (ventral) surface of elongated spermatids. ANXA2 also bound actin when testis lysates were used for immunoprecipitation. Anxa2 knockdown was found to disrupt the Sertoli cell/blood-testis barrier in vitro and in vivo. The disruption in barrier function was substantiated by changes in the localization of claudin-11, zona occludens-1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin. Furthermore, Anxa2 knockdown resulted in spermiation defects caused by a dysfunction of tubulobulbar complexes, testis-specific actin-rich ultrastructures that internalize remnant cell junction components prior to spermiation. Additionally, there were changes in the localization of several tubulobulbar complex component proteins, including actin-related protein 3, cortactin, and dynamin I/II. Our results indicate that ANXA2 is critical for the integrity of the blood-testis barrier and the timely release of spermatids.
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88
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Salerno EP, Bedognetti D, Mauldin IS, Deacon DH, Shea SM, Pinczewski J, Obeid JM, Coukos G, Wang E, Gajewski TF, Marincola FM, Slingluff CL. Human melanomas and ovarian cancers overexpressing mechanical barrier molecule genes lack immune signatures and have increased patient mortality risk. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1240857. [PMID: 28123876 PMCID: PMC5215363 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1240857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified eight genes whose expression in human melanoma metastases and ovarian cancers is associated with a lack of Th1 immune signatures. They encode molecules with mechanical barrier function in the skin and other normal tissues and include filaggrin (FLG), tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), and six desmosomal proteins (DST, DSC3, DSP, PPL, PKP3, and JUP). This association has been validated in an independent series of 114 melanoma metastases. In these, DST expression alone is sufficient to identify melanomas without immune signatures, while FLG and the other six putative barrier molecules are overexpressed in a different subset of melanomas lacking immune signatures. Similar associations have been identified in a set of 186 ovarian cancers. RNA-seq data from 471 melanomas and 307 ovarian cancers in the TCGA database further support these findings and also reveal that overexpression of barrier molecules is strongly associated with early patient mortality for melanoma (p = 0.0002) and for ovarian cancer (p < 0.01). Interestingly, this association persists for FLG for melanoma (p = 0.012) and ovarian cancer (p = 0.006), whereas DST overexpression is negatively associated with CD8+ gene expression, but not with patient survival. Thus, overexpression of FLG or DST identifies two distinct patient populations with low immune cell infiltration in these cancers, but with different prognostic implications for each. These data raise the possibility that molecules with mechanical barrier function in skin and other tissues may be used by cancer cells to protect them from immune cell infiltration and immune-mediated destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise P Salerno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center and Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Donna H Deacon
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sofia M Shea
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joel Pinczewski
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joseph M Obeid
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ena Wang
- Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Craig L Slingluff
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA, USA
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89
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Regulatory complexity revealed by integrated cytological and RNA-seq analyses of meiotic substages in mouse spermatocytes. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:628. [PMID: 27519264 PMCID: PMC4983049 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The continuous and non-synchronous nature of postnatal male germ-cell development has impeded stage-specific resolution of molecular events of mammalian meiotic prophase in the testis. Here the juvenile onset of spermatogenesis in mice is analyzed by combining cytological and transcriptomic data in a novel computational analysis that allows decomposition of the transcriptional programs of spermatogonia and meiotic prophase substages. Results Germ cells from testes of individual mice were obtained at two-day intervals from 8 to 18 days post-partum (dpp), prepared as surface-spread chromatin and immunolabeled for meiotic stage-specific protein markers (STRA8, SYCP3, phosphorylated H2AFX, and HISTH1T). Eight stages were discriminated cytologically by combinatorial antibody labeling, and RNA-seq was performed on the same samples. Independent principal component analyses of cytological and transcriptomic data yielded similar patterns for both data types, providing strong evidence for substage-specific gene expression signatures. A novel permutation-based maximum covariance analysis (PMCA) was developed to map co-expressed transcripts to one or more of the eight meiotic prophase substages, thereby linking distinct molecular programs to cytologically defined cell states. Expression of meiosis-specific genes is not substage-limited, suggesting regulation of substage transitions at other levels. Conclusions This integrated analysis provides a general method for resolving complex cell populations. Here it revealed not only features of meiotic substage-specific gene expression, but also a network of substage-specific transcription factors and relationships to potential target genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2865-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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90
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Stammler A, Lüftner BU, Kliesch S, Weidner W, Bergmann M, Middendorff R, Konrad L. Highly Conserved Testicular Localization of Claudin-11 in Normal and Impaired Spermatogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160349. [PMID: 27486954 PMCID: PMC4972306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we tested expression of tight junction proteins in human, mouse and rat and analyzed the localization of claudin-11 in testis of patients with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. Recent concepts generated in mice suggest that the stage-specifically expressed claudin-3 acts as a basal barrier, sealing the seminiferous epithelium during migration of spermatocytes. Corresponding mechanisms have never been demonstrated in humans. Testicular biopsies (n = 103) from five distinct groups were analyzed: normal spermatogenesis (NSP, n = 28), hypospermatogenesis (Hyp, n = 24), maturation arrest at the level of primary spermatocytes (MA, n = 24), Sertoli cell only syndrome (SCO, n = 19), and spermatogonial arrest (SGA, n = 8). Protein expression of claudin-3, -11 and occludin was analyzed. Human, mice and rat testis robustly express claudin-11 protein. Occludin was detected in mouse and rat and claudin-3 was found only in mice. Thus, we selected claudin-11 for further analysis of localization. In NSP, claudin-11 is located at Sertoli-Sertoli junctions and in Sertoli cell contacts towards spermatogonia. Typically, claudin-11 patches do not reach the basal membrane, unless flanked by the Sertoli cell body or patches between two Sertoli cell bodies. The amount of basal claudin-11 patches was found to be increased in impaired spermatogenesis. Only claudin-11 is expressed in all three species examined. The claudin-11 pattern is robust in man with impaired spermatogenesis, but the proportion of localization is altered in SCO and MA. We conclude that claudin-11 might represent the essential component of the BTB in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Stammler
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Aulweg 123, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feulgenstraße 12, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Udo Lüftner
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feulgenstraße 12, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- University Hospital Münster, Department of Clinical Andrology, Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48129, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Justus-Liebig-University / UKGM Giessen, Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Bergmann
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Frankfurter Straße 98, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Aulweg 123, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feulgenstraße 12, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
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91
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe the endocrine and local testicular factors that contribute to the regulation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), using information gained from in vivo and in vitro models of BTB formation during/after puberty, and from the maintenance of BTB function during adulthood. In vivo the BTB, in part comprised of tight junctions between adjacent somatic Sertoli cells, compartmentalizes meiotic spermatocytes and post-meiotic spermatids away from the vasculature, and therefore prevents autoantibody production by the immune system against these immunogenic germ cells. This adluminal compartment also features a unique biochemical milieu required for the completion of germ cell development. During the normal process of spermatogenesis, earlier germ cells continually cross into the adluminal compartment, but the regulatory mechanisms and changes in junctional proteins that allow this translocation step without causing a 'leak' remain poorly understood. Recent data describing the roles of FSH and androgen on the regulation of Sertoli cell tight junctions and tight junction proteins will be discussed, followed by an examination of the role of paracrine factors, including members of the TGFβ superfamily (TGFβ3, activin A) and retinoid signalling, as potential mediators of junction assembly and disassembly during the translocation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Stanton
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Dept. of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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92
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Bulldan A, Dietze R, Shihan M, Scheiner-Bobis G. Non-classical testosterone signaling mediated through ZIP9 stimulates claudin expression and tight junction formation in Sertoli cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1075-85. [PMID: 27164415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the classical signaling pathway, testosterone regulates gene expression by activating the cytosolic/nuclear androgen receptor. In the non-classical pathway, testosterone activates cytosolic signaling cascades that are normally triggered by growth factors. The nature of the receptor involved in this signaling pathway is a source of controversy. In the Sertoli cell line 93RS2, which lacks the classical AR, we determined that testosterone stimulates the non-classical signaling pathway, characterized by the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and transcription factors CREB and ATF-1. We also demonstrated that testosterone increases the expression of the tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1 and claudin-5. Both of these proteins are known to be essential constituents of TJs between Sertoli cells, and as a consequence of their increased expression transepithelial resistance across Sertoli cell monolayers is increased. ZIP9 is a Zn(2+)transporter that was recently shown to be a membrane-bound testosterone receptor. Silencing its expression in 93RS2 Sertoli cells by siRNA completely prevents Erk1/2, CREB, and ATF-1 phosphorylation as well the stimulation of claudin-1 and -5 expression and TJ formation between neighboring cells. The study presented here demonstrates for the first time that in Sertoli cells testosterone acts through the receptor ZIP9 to trigger the non-classical signaling cascade, resulting in increased claudin expression and TJ formation. Since TJ formation is a prerequisite for the maintenance of the blood-testis barrier, the testosterone/ZIP9 effects might be significant for male physiology. Further assessment of these interactions will help to supplement our knowledge concerning the mechanism by which testosterone plays a role in male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bulldan
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raimund Dietze
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mazen Shihan
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgios Scheiner-Bobis
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie und -Biochemie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany.
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93
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McCabe MJ, Tarulli GA, Laven-Law G, Matthiesson KL, Meachem SJ, McLachlan RI, Dinger ME, Stanton PG. Gonadotropin suppression in men leads to a reduction in claudin-11 at the Sertoli cell tight junction. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:875-86. [PMID: 26908839 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are Sertoli cell tight junctions (TJs) disrupted in men undergoing hormonal contraception? SUMMARY ANSWER Localization of the key Sertoli cell TJ protein, claudin-11, was markedly disrupted by 8 weeks of gonadotropin suppression, the degree of which was related to the extent of adluminal germ cell suppression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Sertoli cell TJs are vital components of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) that sequester developing adluminal meiotic germ cells and spermatids from the vascular compartment. Claudin-11 knockout mice are infertile; additionally claudin-11 is spatially disrupted in chronically gonadotropin-suppressed rats coincident with a loss of BTB function, and claudin-11 is disorganized in various human testicular disorders. These data support the Sertoli cell TJ as a potential site of hormonal contraceptive action. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION BTB proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry (n = 16 samples) and mRNA (n = 18 samples) expression levels in available archived testis tissue from a previous study of 22 men who had undergone 8 weeks of gonadotropin suppression and for whom meiotic and post-meiotic germ cell numbers were available. The gonadotropin suppression regimens were (i) testosterone enanthate (TE) plus the GnRH antagonist, acyline (A); (ii) TE + the progestin, levonorgestrel, (LNG); (iii) TE + LNG + A or (iv) TE + LNG + the 5α-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride (D). A control group consisted of seven additional men, with three archived samples available for this study. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTINGS, METHODS Immunohistochemical localization of claudin-11 (TJ) and other junctional type markers [ZO-1 (cytoplasmic plaque), β-catenin (adherens junction), connexin-43 (gap junction), vinculin (ectoplasmic specialization) and β-actin (cytoskeleton)] and quantitative PCR was conducted using matched frozen testis tissue. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Claudin-11 formed a continuous staining pattern at the BTB in control men. Regardless of gonadotropin suppression treatment, claudin-11 localization was markedly disrupted and was broadly associated with the extent of meiotic/post-meiotic germ cell suppression; claudin-11 staining was (i) punctate (i.e. 'spotty' appearance) at the basal aspect of tubules when the average numbers of adluminal germ cells were <15% of control, (ii) presented as short fragments with cytoplasmic extensions when numbers were 15-25% of control or (iii) remained continuous when numbers were >40% of control. Changes in localization of connexin-43 and vinculin were also observed (smaller effects than for claudin-11) but ZO-1, β-catenin and β-actin did not differ, compared with control. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Claudin-11 was the only Sertoli cell TJ protein investigated, but it is considered to be the most pivotal of constituent proteins given its known implication in infertility and BTB function. We were limited to testis samples which had been gonadotropin-suppressed for 8 weeks, shorter than the 74-day spermatogenic wave, which may account for the heterogeneity in claudin-11 and germ cell response observed among the men. Longer suppression (12-24 weeks) is known to suppress germ cells further and claudin-11 disruption may be more uniform, although we could not access such samples. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings are important for our understanding of the sites of action of male hormonal contraception, because they suggest that BTB function could be ablated following long-term hormone suppression treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia) Program Grants 241000 and 494802; Research Fellowship 1022327 (to R.I.M.) and the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. None of the authors have any conflicts to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McCabe
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Applied Biology/Biotechnology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC 3088, Australia Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - G A Tarulli
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - G Laven-Law
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - K L Matthiesson
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - S J Meachem
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - R I McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - M E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - P G Stanton
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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94
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França LR, Hess RA, Dufour JM, Hofmann MC, Griswold MD. The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity. Andrology 2016; 4:189-212. [PMID: 26846984 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been one and a half centuries since Enrico Sertoli published the seminal discovery of the testicular 'nurse cell', not only a key cell in the testis, but indeed one of the most amazing cells in the vertebrate body. In this review, we begin by examining the three phases of morphological research that have occurred in the study of Sertoli cells, because microscopic anatomy was essentially the only scientific discipline available for about the first 75 years after the discovery. Biochemistry and molecular biology then changed all of biological sciences, including our understanding of the functions of Sertoli cells. Immunology and stem cell biology were not even topics of science in 1865, but they have now become major issues in our appreciation of Sertoli cell's role in spermatogenesis. We end with the universal importance and plasticity of function by comparing Sertoli cells in fish, amphibians, and mammals. In these various classes of vertebrates, Sertoli cells have quite different modes of proliferation and epithelial maintenance, cystic vs. tubular formation, yet accomplish essentially the same function but in strikingly different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - R A Hess
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J M Dufour
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - M C Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M D Griswold
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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95
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Yoshida S. From cyst to tubule: innovations in vertebrate spermatogenesis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:119-31. [PMID: 26305780 PMCID: PMC5049625 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although vertebrates share many common traits, their germline development and function exhibit significant divergence. In particular, this article focuses on their spermatogenesis. The fundamental elements that constitute vertebrate spermatogenesis and the evolutionary changes that occurred upon transition from water to land will be discussed. The life-long continuity of spermatogenesis is supported by the function of stem cells. Series of mitotic and meiotic germ cell divisions are 'incomplete' due to incomplete cytokinesis, forming syncytia interconnected via intercellular bridges (ICBs). Throughout this process, germ cells are supported by appropriate microenvironments established primarily by somatic Sertoli cells. In anamniotes (fish and amphibians) spermatogenesis progresses in cysts, in which developing germ cell syncytia are individually encapsulated by Sertoli cells. Accordingly, Sertoli cells undergo turnover with germ cells that they nourish. This mode of cystic spermatogenesis is also observed in nonvertebrates as insects. In amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals), however, Sertoli cells do not turn over but comprise a persistent structure of seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells nourish different stages of germ cells simultaneously in distinct regions of their surface. This function of Sertoli cells is spatiotemporally orchestrated, and the seminiferous epithelial cycle and spermatogenic wave make the seminiferous tubules a high-throughput factory for sperm production. Furthermore, contrary to the organized differentiating cells, undifferentiated spermatogonia that comprise the stem cell compartment exhibit active motion over the basal layer of seminiferous tubules and the frequent breakdown of ICBs. Thus, amniote seminiferous tubules represent a typical facultative (or open) niche environment without a stem cell tethering anatomically defined niche. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:119-131. doi: 10.1002/wdev.204 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosei Yoshida
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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96
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Chojnacka K, Zarzycka M, Mruk DD. Biology of the Sertoli Cell in the Fetal, Pubertal, and Adult Mammalian Testis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2016; 58:225-251. [PMID: 27300181 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31973-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A healthy man typically produces between 50 × 10(6) and 200 × 10(6) spermatozoa per day by spermatogenesis; in the absence of Sertoli cells in the male gonad, this individual would be infertile. In the adult testis, Sertoli cells are sustentacular cells that support germ cell development by secreting proteins and other important biomolecules that are essential for germ cell survival and maturation, establishing the blood-testis barrier, and facilitating spermatozoa detachment at spermiation. In the fetal testis, on the other hand, pre-Sertoli cells form the testis cords, the future seminiferous tubules. However, the role of pre-Sertoli cells in this process is much less clear than the function of Sertoli cells in the adult testis. Within this framework, we provide an overview of the biology of the fetal, pubertal, and adult Sertoli cell, highlighting relevant cell biology studies that have expanded our understanding of mammalian spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Marta Zarzycka
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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97
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Liu XR, Wang YY, Dan XG, Kumar A, Ye TZ, Yu YY, Yang LG. Anti-inflammatory potential of β-cryptoxanthin against LPS-induced inflammation in mouse Sertoli cells. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 60:148-55. [PMID: 26686910 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
β-cryptoxanthin (CX), a major carotenoid pigment, can inhibit inflammatory gene expression in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of CX on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse primary Sertoli cells and the possible molecular mechanisms behind its effects. The results showed that CX significantly inhibited LPS-induced decreases in cell viability and in the percentage of apoptotic cells. Moreover, CX inhibited the LPS-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in Sertoli cells. In addition, CX significantly limited the LPS-induced down-regulation of AR, HSF2, CREB, FSHR, INHBB and ABP in Sertoli cells. Western blot analysis showed that CX significantly suppressed NF-κB (p65) activation as well as MAPK phosphorylation. All the results suggested that CX suppressed inflammation, possibly associated with the NF-κB activation and MAPK of phosphorylation. Thus, CX may possess therapeutic potential against inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry in Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry in Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
| | - Xin-Gang Dan
- Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry in Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
| | - Ashok Kumar
- College of Life Science and Technology, State Key laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
| | - Ting-Zhu Ye
- Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry in Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
| | - Yao-Yao Yu
- Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry in Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070
| | - Li-Guo Yang
- Key Laboratory of China Education Ministry in Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China, 430070.
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98
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Li N, Tang EI, Cheng CY. Regulation of blood-testis barrier by actin binding proteins and protein kinases. Reproduction 2015; 151:R29-41. [PMID: 26628556 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is an important ultrastructure in the testis, since the onset of meiosis and spermiogenesis coincides with the establishment of a functional barrier in rodents and humans. It is also noted that a delay in the assembly of a functional BTB following treatment of neonatal rats with drugs such as diethylstilbestrol or adjudin also delays the first wave of spermiation. While the BTB is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers, it undergoes extensive remodeling, in particular, at stage VIII of the epithelial cycle to facilitate the transport of preleptotene spermatocytes connected in clones across the immunological barrier. Without this timely transport of preleptotene spermatocytes derived from type B spermatogonia, meiosis will be arrested, causing aspermatogenesis. Yet the biology and regulation of the BTB remains largely unexplored since the morphological studies in the 1970s. Recent studies, however, have shed new light on the biology of the BTB. Herein, we critically evaluate some of these findings, illustrating that the Sertoli cell BTB is regulated by actin-binding proteins (ABPs), likely supported by non-receptor protein kinases, to modulate the organization of actin microfilament bundles at the site. Furthermore, microtubule-based cytoskeleton is also working in concert with the actin-based cytoskeleton to confer BTB dynamics. This timely review provides an update on the unique biology and regulation of the BTB based on the latest findings in the field, focusing on the role of ABPs and non-receptor protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive ResearchCenter for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Tang
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive ResearchCenter for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive ResearchCenter for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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99
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Manku G, Hueso A, Brimo F, Chan P, Gonzalez-Peramato P, Jabado N, Gayden T, Bourgey M, Riazalhosseini Y, Culty M. Changes in the expression profiles of claudins during gonocyte differentiation and in seminomas. Andrology 2015; 4:95-110. [PMID: 26588606 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common type of cancer in young men and their incidence has been steadily increasing for the past decades. TGCTs and their precursor carcinoma in situ (CIS) are thought to arise from the deficient differentiation of gonocytes, precursors of spermatogonial stem cells. However, the mechanisms relating failed gonocyte differentiation to CIS formation remain unknown. The goal of this study was to uncover genes regulated during gonocyte development that would show abnormal patterns of expression in testicular tumors, as prospective links between failed gonocyte development and TGCT. To identify common gene and protein signatures between gonocytes and seminomas, we first performed gene expression analyses of transitional rat gonocytes, spermatogonia, human normal testicular, and TGCT specimens. Gene expression arrays, pathway analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis identified cell adhesion molecules as a functional gene category including genes downregulated during gonocyte differentiation and highly expressed in seminomas. In particular, the mRNA and protein expressions of claudins 6 and 7 were found to decrease during gonocyte transition to spermatogonia, and to be abnormally elevated in seminomas. The dynamic changes in these genes suggest that they may play important physiological roles during gonocyte development. Moreover, our findings support the idea that TGCTs arise from a disruption of gonocyte differentiation, and position claudins as interesting genes to further study in relation to testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manku
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Hueso
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - F Brimo
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Chan
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Gonzalez-Peramato
- Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Jabado
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - T Gayden
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Bourgey
- Department of Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Y Riazalhosseini
- Department of Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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100
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Gerber J, Heinrich J, Brehm R. Blood-testis barrier and Sertoli cell function: lessons from SCCx43KO mice. Reproduction 2015; 151:R15-27. [PMID: 26556893 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The gap junction protein connexin43 (CX43) plays a vital role in mammalian spermatogenesis by allowing for direct cytoplasmic communication between neighbouring testicular cells. In addition, different publications suggest that CX43 in Sertoli cells (SC) might be important for blood-testis barrier (BTB) formation and BTB homeostasis. Thus, through the use of the Cre-LoxP recombination system, a transgenic mouse line was developed in which only SC are deficient of the gap junction protein, alpha 1 (Gja1) gene. Gja1 codes for the protein CX43. This transgenic mouse line has been commonly defined as the SC specific CX43 knockout (SCCx43KO) mouse line. Within the seminiferous tubule, SC aid in spermatogenesis by nurturing germ cells and help them to proliferate and mature. Owing to the absence of CX43 within the SC, homozygous KO mice are infertile, have reduced testis size, and mainly exhibit spermatogenesis arrest at the level of spermatogonia, seminiferous tubules containing only SC (SC-only syndrome) and intratubular SC-clusters. Although the SC specific KO of CX43 does not seem to have an adverse effect on BTB integrity, CX43 influences BTB composition as the expression pattern of different BTB proteins (like OCCLUDIN, β-CATENIN, N-CADHERIN, and CLAUDIN11) is altered in mutant males. The supposed roles of CX43 in dynamic BTB regulation, BTB assembly and/or disassembly and its possible interaction with other junctional proteins composing this unique barrier are discussed. Data collectively indicate that CX43 might represent an important regulator of dynamic BTB formation, composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gerber
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Heinrich
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Brehm
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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