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Prinn RG, Weiss RF, Miller BR, Huang J, Alyea FN, Cunnold DM, Fraser PJ, Hartley DE, Simmonds PG. Atmospheric Trends and Lifetime of CH3CCI3 and Global OH Concentrations. Science 1995; 269:187-92. [PMID: 17789846 DOI: 10.1126/science.269.5221.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the atmospheric concentrations and lifetime of trichloroethane (CH(3)CCI(3)) is very important in the context of global change. This halocarbon is involved in depletion of ozone, and the hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations determined from its lifetime provide estimates of the lifetimes of most other hydrogen-containing gases involved in the ozone layer and climate. Global measurements of trichloroethane indicate rising concentrations before and declining concentrations after late 1991. The lifetime of CH(3)CCI(3) in the total atmosphere is 4.8 +/- 0.3 years, which is substantially lower than previously estimated. The deduced hydroxyl radical concentration, which measures the atmosphere's oxidizing capability, shows little change from 1978 to 1994.
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Kerminen VM, Wexler AS. Enhanced formation and development of sulfate particles due to marine boundary layer circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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54
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Chemical lifetimes of chlorinated aliphatic priority pollutants in the Canadian troposphere. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(94)03781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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55
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Stevens PS, Mather JH, Brune WH. Measurement of tropospheric OH and HO2by laser-induced fluorescence at low pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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56
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Frank H, Scholl H, Renschen D, Rether B, Laouedj A, Norokorpi Y. Haloacetic acids, phytotoxic secondary air pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 1994; 1:4-14. [PMID: 24234140 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/1993] [Accepted: 06/28/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Haloacetic acids are atmospheric oxidation products of airborne C2-halocarbons which are important solvents and propellants. Levels of trichloroacetate (TCA) in conifer needles from mountain ranges in Germany (Black Forest, Erzgebirge) and from two sites in Finland are compared; TCA is present in conifer needles at concentrations up to 0.7 μmol/kg, MCA up to 0.2 μmol/kg. At the Finnish sites, TCA-concentrations and branch degeneration symptoms of Scots pine are correlated. Monochloroacetate (MCA) has been determined in needle samples from Southern Germany in concentrations exceeding its phytotoxicity threshold towards photoautotrophic organisms. Data on atmospheric chloroacetate levels in Germany are also given; ambient air levels of chloroacetic acids range from about 2 pmol/m(3) (TCA) to 390 pmol/m(3) (MCA). TCA and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) arise from atmospheric oxidation of airborne C2-chlorocarbons, while the source of MCA is not yet known; several tentative pathways are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Frank
- Institute for Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 56, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany
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57
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Hauglustaine DA, Granier C, Brasseur GP, Mégie G. The importance of atmospheric chemistry in the calculation of radiative forcing on the climate system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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58
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Donaghy T, Shanahan I, Hande M, Fitzpatrick S. Rate constants and atmospheric lifetimes for the reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with haloalkanes. INT J CHEM KINET 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550250407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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59
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McLoughlin P, Kane R, Shanahan I. A relative rate study of the reaction of chlorine atoms (Cl) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) with a series of ethers. INT J CHEM KINET 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550250302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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60
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Koppmann R, Johnen FJ, Plass-Dülmer C, Rudolph J. Distribution of methylchloride, dichloromethane, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene over the north and south Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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61
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Brown M. Deduction of emissions of source gases using an objective inversion algorithm and a chemical transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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62
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Singh HB, Salas L, Viezee W, Sitton B, Ferek R. Measurement of volatile organic chemicals at selected sites in California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90285-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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63
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Helmig D, Arey J, Atkinson R, Harger WP, McElroy PA. Products of the OH radical-initiated gas-phase reaction of fluorene in the presence of NOx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90071-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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64
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Abstract
The principal oxidants in the lower atmosphere are ozone (O3) and two by-products of O3 photodissociation, the hydroxyl radical (OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A number of critical atmospheric chemical problems depend on the earth's "oxidizing capacity," which is essentially the global burden of these oxidants. There is limited direct evidence for changes in the earth's oxidizing capacity since recent preindustrial times when, because of industrial and population growth, increasing amounts of O3 precursor trace gases (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons) have been released into the atmosphere. The concentrations of O3 and possibly H2O2 have increased over large regions. Models predict that tropospheric O3 will increase approximately 0.3 to 1% per year over the next 50 years with both positive and negative trends possible for OH and H2O2. Models and the observational network for oxidants are improving, but validation of global models is still at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Thompson
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771
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65
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Ballschmiter K. Transport und Verbleib organischer Verbindungen im globalen Rahmen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19921040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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66
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Solomon S, Mills M, Heidt LE, Pollock WH, Tuck AF. On the evaluation of ozone depletion potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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67
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Prinn R, Cunnold D, Simmonds P, Alyea F, Boldi R, Crawford A, Fraser P, Gutzler D, Hartley D, Rosen R, Rasmussen R. Global average concentration and trend for hydroxyl radicals deduced from ALE/GAGE trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) data for 1978–1990. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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Tie X, Kao CY, Mroz EJ, Cicerone RJ, Alyea FN, Cunnold DM. Three-dimensional simulations of atmospheric methyl chloroform: Effect of an ocean sink. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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69
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Lassey KR, Lowe DC, Manning MR, Waghorn GC. A source inventory for atmospheric methane in New Zealand and its global perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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70
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Shorees B, Atkinson R, Arey J. Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of ?-phellandrene with OH and NO3 radicals and O3 at 297 � 2 K. INT J CHEM KINET 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550231005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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71
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Rinsland CP, Levine JS, Goldman A, Sze ND, Ko MK, Johnson DW. Infrared measurements of HF and HCl total column abundances above Kitt Peak, 1977-1990: seasonal cycles, long-term increases, and comparisons with model calculations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 1991; 96:15523-40. [PMID: 11538646 DOI: 10.1029/91jd01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Series of high-resolution (approximately 0.01 cm-1) solar absorption spectra recorded with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer on Kitt Peak (altitude 2.09 km, 31.9 degrees N, 111.6 degrees W) have been analyzed to deduce total column amounts of HF on 93 different days and HCl on 35 different days between May 1977 and June 1990. The results are based on the analysis of the HF and H35Cl (1-0) vibration-rotation band R(1) lines which are located at 4038.9625 and 2925.8970 cm-1, respectively. All of the data were analyzed using a multilayer, nonlinear least squares spectral fitting procedure and a consistent set of spectroscopic line parameters. The results indicate a rapid increase in total HF and a more gradual increase in total HCl with both trends superimposed on short-term variability. In addition, the total columns of both gases undergo a seasonal cycle with an early spring maximum and an early fall minimum, with peak-to-peak amplitudes equal to 25% for HF and 13% for HCl. In the case of HF, the changes over the 13 years of measurement are sufficiently large to determine that a better fit is obtained assuming a linear rather than an exponential increase with time. For HCl, linear and exponential models fit the data equally well. Referenced to calendar year 1981.0 and assuming a sinusoidal seasonal cycle superimposed on a linear total column increase with time, HF and HCl increase rates of (10.9 +/- 1.1)% yr-1 and (5.1 +/- 0.7)% yr-1 and total columns of (3.17 +/- 0.11) x 10(14) and (1.92 +/- 0.06) x 10(15) molecules cm-2 (2 sigma) are derived, respectively; the corresponding best fit mean exponential increase rates are equal to (7.6 +/- 0.6)% yr-1 and (4.2 +/- 0.5)% yr-1 (2 sigma). Over the 13-year observing period, the HF and HCl total columns increased by factors of 3.2 and 1.8, respectively. Based on HF and HCl total columns deduced from measurements on the same day, the HF/HCl total columns ratio increased from 0.14 in May 1977 to 0.23 in June 1990. Short-term temporal variations in the HF and HCl total columns are highly correlated; these fluctuations are believed to be caused by dynamical variability in the lower stratosphere. The results of this investigation are compared with previously reported measurements and with time-dependent, two-dimensional model calculations of HF and HCl total columns based on emission histories and photo-oxidation rates for the source molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Rinsland
- Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
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72
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73
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Estimates of the tropospheric lifetimes of short- and long-lived atmospheric pollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(91)85035-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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74
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75
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Frank H, Frank W, Neves H. Airborne C1- and C2-halocarbons at four representative sites in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90296-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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76
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Fung I, John J, Lerner J, Matthews E, Prather M, Steele LP, Fraser PJ. Three-dimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 731] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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77
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Measurements of ozone and other radiatively active gases at Mace Head in the Republic of Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Kasibhatla PS, Levy H, Moxim WJ, Chameides WL. The relative impact of stratospheric photochemical production on tropospheric NOylevels: A model study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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79
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80
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Taylor JA, Brasseur GP, Zimmerman PR, Cicerone RJ. A study of the sources and sinks of methane and methyl chloroform using a global three-dimensional Lagrangian tropospheric tracer transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90jd02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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81
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Hough AM, Johnson CE. Modelling the role of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the global formation of tropospheric oxidants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90266-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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82
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Cunnold DM, Prinn RG. Comment on “Tropospheric OH in a three-dimensional chemical tracer model: An assessment based on observations Of CH3CCl3” by C. M. Spivakovsky et al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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83
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Hough AM. Development of a two-dimensional global tropospheric model: Model chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/90jd01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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84
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Spivakovsky CM. Reply [to “Comment on ‘Tropospheric OH in a three-dimensional chemical tracer model: An assessment based on observations of CH3CCl3’ by C. M. Spivakovsky et al.”]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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85
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Arey J, Winer AM, Atkinson R, Aschmann SM, Long WD, Lynn Morrison C. The emission of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate and other oxygenated hydrocarbons from agricultural plant species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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86
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Butler JH, Elkins JW, Thompson TM, Hall BD, Swanson TH, Koropalov V. Oceanic consumption of CH3CCl3: Implications for tropospheric OH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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87
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88
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Prather MJ, Watson RT. Stratospheric ozone depletion and future levels of atmospheric chlorine and bromine. Nature 1990. [DOI: 10.1038/344729a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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89
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Fisher DA, Hales CH, Filkin DL, Ko MKW, Sze ND, Connell PS, Wuebbles DJ, Isaksen ISA, Stordal F. Model calculations of the relative effects of CFCs and their replacements on stratospheric ozone. Nature 1990. [DOI: 10.1038/344508a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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90
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Arey J, Atkinson R, Aschmann SM, Schuetzle D. Experimental Investigation of the Atmospheric Chemistry of 2-Methyl-1-Nitronaphthalene and a Comparison of Predicted Nitroarene Concentrations with Ambient Air Data. Polycycl Aromat Compd 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639008034747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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91
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92
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Brown AC, Canosa-Mas CE, Wayne RP. A kinetic study of the reactions of OH with CH3I and CF3I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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93
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Spivakovsky CM, Yevich R, Logan JA, Wofsy SC, McElroy MB, Prather MJ. Tropospheric OH in a three-dimensional chemical tracer model: An assessment based on observations of CH3CCl3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id11p18441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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94
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Prather M, Spivakovsky CM. Tropospheric OH and the lifetimes of hydrochlorofluorocarbons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id11p18723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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95
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Rinsland CP, Goldman A, Murcray FJ, Blatherwick RD, Kosters JJ, Murcray DG, Sze ND, Massie ST. Long-term trends in the concentrations of SF6, CHClF2, and COF2in the lower stratosphere from analysis of high-resolution infrared solar occultation spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id10p16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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96
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Donahue NM, Prinn RG. Nonmethane hydrocarbon chemistry in the remote marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id11p18387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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97
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Prinn R, Cunnold D, Rasmussen R, Simmonds P, Alyea F, Crawford A, Fraser P, Rosen R. Atmospheric emissions and trends of nitrous oxide deduced from 10 years of ALE–GAGE data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id11p18369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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98
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Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH and NO3 radicals and O3 with sabinene and camphene at 296±2 K. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90144-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99
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Brown AC, Canosa-Mas CE, Parr AD, Pierce JM, Wayne RP. Tropospheric lifetimes of halogenated anaesthetics. Nature 1989; 341:635-7. [PMID: 2797189 DOI: 10.1038/341635a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Concern has been expressed over the use of the halogenated anaesthetics halothane (CF3CClBrH), enflurane (CF2HOCF2CFClH) and isoflurane (CF2HOCHClCF3) because of their potential for stratospheric ozone destruction. Halogenated species also contribute to global warming. The significance of the anaesthetics in stratospheric ozone loss or in 'greenhouse' heating depends on their atmospheric lifetimes. Because reaction with hydroxyl (OH) radicals is likely to be the main homogeneous sink for these species in the troposphere, we have measured absolute rates of reaction with OH. Comparison with a one-dimensional model indicates that the lifetimes of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane with respect to this reaction are 2, 6 and 5 years, respectively. Thus the small production of the anaesthetics is not offset by anomalously long atmospheric lifetimes to give a large atmospheric burden of the compounds. The anaesthetics will contribute at most a fraction of approximately 5 x 10(-4) to the total atmospheric content of chlorine-containing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Brown
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK
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100
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Arey J, Zielinska B, Atkinson R, Aschmann SM. Nitroarene products from the gas-phase reactions of volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the OH radical and N2O5. INT J CHEM KINET 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550210906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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