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Marshall DL, Diggle PK. Mechanisms of differential pollen donor performance in wild radish, Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2001; 88:242-257. [PMID: 11222247 DOI: 10.2307/2657015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the characters on which sexual selection might operate in plants, it is critical to assess the mechanisms by which pollen competition and mate choice occur. To address this issue we measured a number of postpollination characters, ranging from pollen germination and pollen tube growth to final seed paternity, in wild radish. Crosses were performed using four pollen donors on a total of 16 maternal plants (four each from four families). Maternal plants were grown under two watering treatments to evaluate the effects of maternal tissue on the process of mating. The four pollen donors differed significantly in number of seeds sired and differed overall in the mating characters measured. However, it was difficult to associate particular mechanistic characters with ability to sire seeds, perhaps because of interactions among pollen donors within styles or among pollen donors and maternal plants. The process of pollen tube growth and fertilization differed substantially among maternal watering treatments, with many early events occurring more quickly in stressed plants. Seed paternity, however, was somewhat more even among pollen donors used on stressed maternal plants, suggesting that when maternal tissue is more competent, mating is slowed and is more selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Marshall
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA; and
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Marshall DL, Avritt JJ, Shaner M, Saunders RL. Effects of pollen load size and composition on pollen donor performance in wild radish, Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2000. [PMID: 11080112 DOI: 10.2307/2656738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical concern in the debate over the importance of sexual selection in plants is whether the nonrandom mating demonstrable in greenhouse crosses can occur in the field. Field populations likely experience smaller and more variable pollen load sizes than those that have been used in many greenhouse experiments. Therefore, we performed a greenhouse experiment in which we varied both pollen load size and composition in wild radish, Raphanus sativus, and examined the paternity of seeds. We used five maternal plants and four pairs of pollen donors. We were able to produce pollen loads of 40, 118, and 258 grains per stigma. The smallest of the pollen loads was scant enough to result in a slight, but significant reduction in seed number per fruit. While variation in pollen load composition significantly affected the proportions of seeds fathered by different donors, variation in pollen load size did not. The relative performance of different donors was constant across pollen load sizes, suggesting that, for this species, differential performance of pollen donors can occur at pollen load sizes that are likely to occur in field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Marshall
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA
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53
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Hauser, Siegismund. Inbreeding and outbreeding effects on pollen fitness and zygote survival in Silene nutans (Caryophyllaceae). J Evol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Travers SE. Environmental Effects on Components of Pollen Performance in Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae)1. Biotropica 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1999.tb00126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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56
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Marshall DL. Pollen donor performance can be consistent acrossmaternal plants in wild radish (Raphanus sativus,Brassicaceae): a necessary condition for the action of sexualselection. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 1998; 85:1389-1397. [PMID: 21684892 DOI: 10.2307/2446397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that sexual selection has played a role in theevolution of plant reproductive characters remains interesting, butcontroversial. One reason is that clear demonstration of the necessaryconditions for sexual selection is lacking. For sexual selection tooccur, differences in pollen donor performance must be consistent acrossmaternal plants and not be due to mechanisms such asself-incompatibility that produce interactions between maternal plantsand pollen donors. Here, I performed two experiments with wild radish totest whether differences in pollen donor performance are consistentacross maternal plants and not due to subtle effects of theincompatibility system. In the first, all maternal and paternal lineageshad different S-alleles. There were 16 maternal plants, four in each offour lineages and four pollen donors, one in each of four lineages. Rankorder of pollen donor performance, in terms of number of seeds siredafter mixed pollination, was highly consistent across maternal plantsand maternal lineages. In addition, maternal stress treatment had aneffect on mating success of pollen donors, but the effect was subtle anddid not affect the rank order of seeds sired by the four pollen donors.In the second experiment, pollinations were performed on both mature andimmature stigmas. Immature stigmas allowed some self seed set, so theincompatibility system was compromised. There was some nonrandom seedpaternity on both mature and immature stigmas. However, the amount ofnonrandom mating was less on immature stigmas. Taken together, theseexperiments show that the kind of consistent nonrandom mating necessaryfor sexual selection occurs in wild radish, but that the incompatibilitysystem and the mechanisms for sorting among compatible mates may overlapin time of development or in somepathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Marshall
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico,Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
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57
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Aizen MA, Raffaele E. FLOWERING-SHOOT DEFOLIATION AFFECTS POLLEN GRAIN SIZE AND POSTPOLLINATION POLLEN PERFORMANCE INALSTROEMERIA AUREA. Ecology 1998. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2133:fsdapg]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Delph LF, Weinig C, Sullivan K. Why fast-growing pollen tubes give rise to vigorous progeny: the test of a new mechanism. Proc Biol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda F. Delph
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Cynthia Weinig
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kelly Sullivan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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59
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Elle E. The quantitative genetics of sex allocation in the andromonoecious perennial, Solanum carolinense (L.). Heredity (Edinb) 1998. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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63
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Case AL, Lacey EP, Hopkins RG. Parental effects in Plantago lanceolata L. II. Manipulation of grandparental temperature and parental flowering time. Heredity (Edinb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1996.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Shaw RG, Platenkamp GA, Shaw FH, Podolsky RH. Quantitative genetics of response to competitors in Nemophila menziesii: a field experiment. Genetics 1995; 139:397-406. [PMID: 7705640 PMCID: PMC1206336 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/139.1.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations of evolution in heterogeneous environments have begun to accommodate genetic and environmental complexity typical of natural populations. Theoretical studies demonstrate that evolution of polygenic characters depends heavily on the genetic interdependence of the expression of traits in the different environments in which selection occurs, but information concerning this issue is scarce. We conducted a field experiment to assess the genetic variability of the annual plant Nemophila menziesii in five biotic regimes differing in plant density and composition. Significant, though modest, additive genetic variance in plant size was expressed in particular treatments. Evidence of additive genetic tradeoffs between interspecific and intraspecific competitive performance was found, but this result was not consistent throughout the experiment. Two aspects of experimental design may tend to obscure genetically based tradeoffs across environments in many previously published experiments: (1) inability to isolate additive genetic from other sources of variation and (2) use of novel (e.g., laboratory) environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Shaw
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521
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Hormaza JI, Herrero M. Gametophytic competition and selection. ADVANCES IN CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-1669-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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66
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Searcy KB. Selection for tolerance to copper during pollen formation in Mimulus guttatus Fischer ex DC. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1993; 87:250-256. [PMID: 24190221 DOI: 10.1007/bf00223773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1992] [Accepted: 03/01/1993] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Mimulus guttatus, copper tolerance is determined largely by a single gene and is expressed in both the sporophyte and microgametophyte. This study explores the extent to which selection during pollen formation affects copper tolerance in the sporophytic generation. Two sets of plants heterozygous for copper tolerance, produced by reciprocal crosses between different copper-tolerant or sensitive families, and the plant on which the original observations were based, were cloned and grown in control or copper-supplemented solutions. Pollen viability and the number of tolerant progeny produced in backcrosses to sensitive plants were compared. In addition, the effect of copper treatment on pollen viability in vitro was compared for plants tolerant, sensitive and heterozygous for copper tolerance. The extent to which in vitro pollen viability decreased in response to copper treatment corresponded to the copper tolerance of the pollen source. When grown with added copper, four of the five plants showed significant reductions in pollen viability, ranging from 18% to 48% of control values. The reductions in pollen viability were correlated with an increase in tolerant progeny (r= 0.679, p=0.004). Increases in tolerant progeny could be large, ranging from 119% to 170% of that of controls, but were usually smaller than was predicted from the reductions in viable pollen. In addition, plants derived from reciprocal crosses differed significantly in the extent to which pollen viability was decreased and sporophytic tolerance increased. Thus, while selection during pollen formation could increase sporophytic tolerance, sporophytic factors, perhaps including cytoplasmic or epigenetic ones, moderated the effectiveness of pollen selection for copper tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Searcy
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 01003, Amherst, MA, USA
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Leach CR, Renfrey AC, Mayo O. Quantitatively determined self-incompatibility. IV. Pollination and seed set in Borago officinalis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1993; 85:755-760. [PMID: 24196047 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/1992] [Accepted: 06/03/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The outcomes of sequential double pollination, mixed double pollination and single pollination are compared. Single pollination leads to lower seed set than double pollination. Systematic differences between female genotypes are shown to be possible. It is also shown that failure to set seed is generally due to pre-zygotic maternal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Leach
- Genetics Department, The University of Adelaide, GPO Box 498, 5001, Adelaide, Australia
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68
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Nakamura RR, Wheeler NC. Self-fertility variation and paternal success through outcrossing in Douglas fir. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1992; 83:851-854. [PMID: 24202763 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/1991] [Accepted: 09/03/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Douglas fir trees, Pseudotsuga menziesii, vary greatly in their self-fertility, but little is known about the relationship of self-fertility to outcrossing success. If low self-fertility pollen donors have lethal recessive alleles that are widespread, then in crosses with other trees they should have poor paternal success competing with high self-fertility donors that have few recessive lethals. We compared Douglas fir trees with high and low self-fertility for differences in pollen grain size, pollen number per milligram, and respiration rate. Pair-wise mixtures of pollen from individuals with high and low self-fertility were applied in controlled pollinations. Electrophoretic markers identified seed paternity. The pollen donors did differ in all three pollen traits but, as a class, the low self-fertility donors had neither inferior pollen nor low paternal success in outcrossing. Paternal success depended upon the identity of the competing pollen donors and the seed parent. It was not related to pollen grain number or respiration rate, but donors with the smaller pollen grains in a mixture had greater success.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Nakamura
- Department of Botany, KB-15, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
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Mazer SJ, Schick CT. Constancy of population parameters for life history and floral traits in Raphanus sativus L. I. Norms of reaction and the nature of genotype by environment interactions. Heredity (Edinb) 1991. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1991.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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