51
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Vázquez R, García E, García P. Phage Lysins for Fighting Bacterial Respiratory Infections: A New Generation of Antimicrobials. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2252. [PMID: 30459750 PMCID: PMC6232686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections and tuberculosis are responsible for the death of about 4.5 million people each year and are the main causes of mortality in children under 5 years of age. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial pathogen associated with severe pneumonia, although other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are involved in respiratory infections as well. The ability of these pathogens to persist and produce infection under the appropriate conditions is also associated with their capacity to form biofilms in the respiratory mucous membranes. Adding to the difficulty of treating biofilm-forming bacteria with antibiotics, many of these strains are becoming multidrug resistant, and thus the alternative therapeutics available for combating this kind of infections are rapidly depleting. Given these concerns, it is urgent to consider other unconventional strategies and, in this regard, phage lysins represent an attractive resource to circumvent some of the current issues in infection treatment. When added exogenously, lysins break specific bonds of the peptidoglycan and have potent bactericidal effects against susceptible bacteria. These enzymes possess interesting features, including that they do not trigger an adverse immune response and raise of resistance is very unlikely. Although Gram-negative bacteria had been considered refractory to these compounds, strategies to overcome this drawback have been developed recently. In this review we describe the most relevant in vitro and in vivo results obtained to date with lysins against bacterial respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vázquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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52
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Li W, Yang H, Gong Y, Wang S, Li Y, Wei H. Effects of a Chimeric Lysin against Planktonic and Sessile Enterococcus faecalis Hint at Potential Application in Endodontic Therapy. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060290. [PMID: 29844267 PMCID: PMC6024690 DOI: 10.3390/v10060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal opportunistic pathogen found in the intestine, mouth, and vaginal tract of humans. As an invasive pathogen in the oral cavity, E. faecalis is one of the leading causes of periapical endodontic lesions. However, due to the strong biofilm-forming capacity and tolerance of E. faecalis to conventional antibiotics and treatments, limited therapeutic options are available. In the present study, we investigated the activity of ClyR, a chimeric lysin with extended streptococcal lytic spectrum, against planktonic and sessile E. faecalis cells in vitro and in an ex vivo dental model. Our results showed that ClyR has robust and rapid lytic activity against multiple E. faecalis strains, killing >90% planktonic cells within 1 min at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. The biochemical experiments combined with microscopy analysis revealed that ClyR degrades E. faecalis biofilm with high efficacy in a dose-dependent manner, reducing the survival rate to <40% within biofilms after treatment with 50 μg/mL ClyR for 1 h. In the ex vivo dental model, ClyR showed a significant biofilm removal efficacy, killing >90% viable bacteria within biofilms at a low dose of 50 μg/mL, which is much better than ampicillin and similar to calcium hydroxide, the extensively used routine intracanal medicament in the treatment of endodontics and dental traumatology. The robust activity of ClyR against both planktonic and sessile E. faecalis suggests the potential of ClyR in treating endodontic infections caused by E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyou Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yujing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hongping Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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53
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Gerstmans H, Criel B, Briers Y. Synthetic biology of modular endolysins. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:624-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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54
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Nair S, Poonacha N, Desai S, Hiremath D, Tuppad D, Mohan T, Chikkamadaiah R, Durgaiah M, Kumar S, Channabasappa S, Vipra A, Sharma U. Restoration of sensitivity of a diverse set of drug-resistant Staphylococcus clinical strains by bactericidal protein P128. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:296-307. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Nair
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
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55
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Efficacy of Novel Antistaphylococcal Ectolysin P128 in a Rat Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01358-17. [PMID: 29180523 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01358-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes systemic infections with high morbidity and mortality, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains is a rapidly growing clinical concern. Novel therapeutic agents are required to tackle S. aureus infections. P128 is a bacteriophage-derived chimeric ectolysin with potent and rapid bactericidal activity against S. aureus In the present study, the efficacy of P128 was evaluated in a newly developed rat model of S. aureus bacteremia. Prior to in vivo testing, P128 was shown to be stable in whole blood by incubation in rat blood for up to 6 h and testing its bactericidal activity against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate USA300. Rats succumbed to intravenous challenge with 109 CFU of S. aureus USA300, resulting in 80 to 100% mortality by day 14. Evaluation of the bacterial load in various organs at 96 h postinfection revealed high bacterial counts in the kidney, and this correlated with the presence of renal abscesses. Treatment of infected animals with P128 either by intravenous bolus administration via tail vein or by 1-h infusion via the jugular vein at 2 h postinfection resulted in the dose-dependent survival of rats. P128 treatment also resulted in very few or no abscesses in the kidneys. These data show that P128 is stable in the physiological milieu and that intravenous treatment with P128 is highly effective in rescuing rats from S. aureus bacteremia. P128 can be a novel therapeutic option for treatment of S. aureus systemic infections.
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56
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Sharma U, Vipra A, Channabasappa S. Phage-derived lysins as potential agents for eradicating biofilms and persisters. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:848-856. [PMID: 29326076 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are highly resistant to the action of antibiotics. Presence of persisters, phenotypically resistant populations of bacterial cells, is thought to contribute toward recalcitrance of biofilms. The phage-derived lysins, by virtue of their ability to cleave the peptidoglycan of bacterial cells in an enzymatic manner, have the unique ability to kill dormant cells. Several lysins have shown potent antibiofilm activity in vitro. The fact that lysins have shown better efficacy than conventional drugs in animal models of endocarditis and other infections involving biofilms suggests that the lysins can potentially be developed against difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umender Sharma
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., No 12, 5th cross, Raghavendra Layout, Tumkur Road, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, 560022, India.
| | - Aradhana Vipra
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., No 12, 5th cross, Raghavendra Layout, Tumkur Road, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, 560022, India
| | - Shankaramurthy Channabasappa
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt. Ltd., No 12, 5th cross, Raghavendra Layout, Tumkur Road, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, 560022, India
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57
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Efficient Killing of Planktonic and Biofilm-Embedded Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by Bactericidal Protein P128. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00457-17. [PMID: 28559263 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00457-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the major causative agents of foreign-body-related infections, including catheter-related bloodstream infections. Because of the involvement of biofilms, foreign-body-related infections are difficult to treat. P128, a chimeric recombinant phage-derived ectolysin, has been shown to possess bactericidal activity on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We tested the killing potential of P128 on three clinically significant species of CoNS, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lugdunensis, under a variety of physiological conditions representing growing and nongrowing states. The MIC90 and minimum bactericidal concentration at which 90% of strains tested are killed (MBC90) of P128 on 62 clinical strains of CoNS were found to be 16 and 32 μg/ml (0.58 and 1.16 μM), respectively, demonstrating the bactericidal nature of P128 on CoNS strains. Serum showed a potentiating effect on P128 inhibition, as indicated by 4- to 32-fold lower MIC values observed in serum. P128 caused a rapid loss of viability in all CoNS strains tested. Persisters of CoNS that were enriched in the presence of vancomycin or daptomycin were killed by P128 at 1× the MIC in a rapid manner. Low concentrations of P128 caused a 2- to 5-log reduction in CFU in stationary-phase or poorly metabolizing CoNS cultures. P128 at low concentrations eliminated CoNS biofilms in microtiter plates and on the surface of catheters. Combinations of P128 and standard-of-care (SoC) antibiotics were highly synergistic in inhibiting growth in preformed biofilms. Potent activity on planktonic cells, persisters, and biofilms of CoNS suggests that P128 is a promising candidate for the clinical development of treatments for foreign-body-related and other CoNS infections.
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58
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Gupta P, Sarkar A, Sandhu P, Daware A, Das M, Akhter Y, Bhattacharjee S. Potentiation of antibiotic againstPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilm: a study with plumbagin and gentamicin. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:246-261. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - A. Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - P. Sandhu
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Himachal Pradesh; Shahpur Himachal Pradesh India
| | - A. Daware
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - M.C. Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
| | - Y. Akhter
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Central University of Himachal Pradesh; Shahpur Himachal Pradesh India
| | - S. Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics; Tripura University (A Central University); Suryamaninagar Tripura India
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59
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Yang SC, Tseng CH, Wang PW, Lu PL, Weng YH, Yen FL, Fang JY. Pterostilbene, a Methoxylated Resveratrol Derivative, Efficiently Eradicates Planktonic, Biofilm, and Intracellular MRSA by Topical Application. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1103. [PMID: 28659908 PMCID: PMC5468402 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene is a methoxylated derivative of resveratrol originated from natural sources. We investigated the antibacterial activity of pterostilbene against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the feasibility of using it to treat cutaneous bacteria. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using an in vitro culture model and an in vivo mouse model of cutaneous infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay demonstrated a superior biocidal activity of pterostilbene compared to resveratrol (8~16-fold) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and clinically isolated vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). Pterostilbene was found to reduce MRSA biofilm thickness from 18 to 10 μm as detected by confocal microscopy. Pterostilbene showed minimal toxicity to THP-1 cells and was readily engulfed by the macrophages, facilitating the eradication of intracellular MRSA. Pterostilbene exhibited increased skin absorption over resveratrol by 6-fold. Topical pterostilbene application improved the abscess formation produced by MRSA by reducing the bacterial burden and ameliorating the skin architecture. The potent anti-MRSA capability of pterostilbene was related to bacterial membrane leakage, chaperone protein downregulation, and ribosomal protein upregulation. This mechanism of action was different from that of resveratrol according to proteomic analysis and molecular docking. Pterostilbene has the potential to serve as a novel class of topically applied agents for treating MRSA infection in the skin while demonstrating less toxicity to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Yang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Weng
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Lin Yen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
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60
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Sharma U, Paul VD. Bacteriophage lysins as antibacterials. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:99. [PMID: 28468638 PMCID: PMC5415796 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umender Sharma
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, India.
| | - Vivek D Paul
- GangaGen Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore, India
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61
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Hu F, Wu Q, Song S, She R, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhang M, Du F, Soomro MH, Shi R. Antimicrobial activity and safety evaluation of peptides isolated from the hemoglobin of chickens. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:287. [PMID: 27919228 PMCID: PMC5139128 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin is a rich source of biological peptides. As a byproduct and even wastewater of poultry-slaughtering facilities, chicken blood is one of the most abundant source of hemoglobin. RESULTS In this study, the chicken hemoglobin antimicrobial peptides (CHAP) were isolated and the antimicrobial and bactericidal activities were tested by the agarose diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis, minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) analysis, and time-dependent inhibitory and bactericidal assays. The results demonstrated that CHAP had potent and rapid antimicrobial activity against 19 bacterial strains, including 9 multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Bacterial biofilm and NaCl permeability assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were further performed to detect the mechanism of its antimicrobial effect. Additionally, CHAP showed low hemolytic activity, embryo toxicity, and high stability in different temperatures and animal plasma. CONCLUSION CHAP may have great potential for expanding production and development value in animal medication, the breeding industry and environment protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Hu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiaoxing Wu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruiping She
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meikun Zhang
- Beijing Huadu Broiler Corporations, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - Fang Du
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Majid Hussain Soomro
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruihan Shi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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