51
|
Khan MA, Jabeen R, Nasti TH, Mohammad O. Enhanced anticryptococcal activity of chloroquine in phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes in a murine model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 55:223-8. [PMID: 15590713 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The anticryptococcal activity of chloroquine was assessed after incorporation in phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing negatively charged liposomes in a murine model. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the antifungal activity of chloroquine entrapped in PS liposomes against Cryptococcus neoformans in the macrophage cell line J 774 and in a murine model. Mice were treated with free as well as liposomal formulations of chloroquine before and after challenging with C. neoformans infection. The anticryptococcal activity of chloroquine was also evaluated in combination with fluconazole in the treatment of systemic murine cryptococcosis. The efficacy of chloroquine treatment was assessed by continued survival as well as by colony forming units (cfu) in liver and brain of treated mice. RESULTS Chloroquine entrapped in PS liposomes shows increased activity against C. neoformans infection both in in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, the antifungal activity of fluconazole increases when used in combination with liposomal chloroquine. Chloroquine in PS liposomes was found to be more effective in comparison with the same dose of free chloroquine or chloroquine entrapped in neutral liposomes. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced anticryptococcal activity of chloroquine in PS liposomes seems to be due to uptake of drug-containing PS liposomes by macrophages. It can be assumed that liposome-mediated delivery of chloroquine to macrophages results in an unfavourable (alkaline) environment for the growth of C. neoformans inside macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masood A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Chapel A, Deas O, Bensidhoum M, François S, Mouiseddine M, Poncet P, Dürrbach A, Aigueperse J, Gourmelon P, Gorin NC, Hirsch F, Thierry D. In vivo gene targeting of IL-3 into immature hematopoietic cells through CD117 receptor mediated antibody gene delivery. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2004; 2:16. [PMID: 15509303 PMCID: PMC535535 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted gene transfection remains a crucial issue to permit the real development of genetic therapy. As such, in vivo targeted transfection of specific subsets of hematopoietic stem cells might help to sustain hematopoietic recovery from bone marrow aplasia by providing local production of growth factors. METHODS Balb/C mice were injected intravenously, with an anti-mouse c-kit (CD117) monoclonal antibody chemically coupled to a human IL-3 gene-containing plasmid DNA. Mice were sacrificed for tissue analyses at various days after injection of the conjugates. RESULTS By ELISA, the production of human IL-3 was evidenced in the sera of animals 5 days after treatment. Cytofluorometric analysis after in vivo transfection of a reporter gene eGFP demonstrated transfection of CD117+/Sca1+ hematopoietic immature cells. By PCR analysis of genomic DNA and RNA using primer specific pIL3 sequences, presence and expression of the human IL-3-transgene were detected in the bone marrow up to 10 days in transfected mice but not in control animals. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly indicate that antibody-mediated endocytosis gene transfer allows the expression of the IL-3 transgene into hematopoietic immature cells, in vivo. While availability of marketed recombinant growth factors is restricted, this targeting strategy should permit delivery of therapeutic genes to tissues of interest through systemic delivery. In particular, the ability to specifically target growth factor expression into repopulating hematopoietic stem cells may create new opportunities for the treatment of primary or radiation-induced marrow failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chapel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection et de santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Section Autonome de Radiobiologie Appliquée à la Médecine, Fontenay aux roses, France
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et de Radioprotection Accidentelle, LTCRA, UPRES 1632, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Deas
- Inserm U542 and Paris XI University, Villejuif, France
- Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et de Radioprotection Accidentelle, LTCRA, UPRES 1632, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Sabine François
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection et de santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Section Autonome de Radiobiologie Appliquée à la Médecine, Fontenay aux roses, France
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et de Radioprotection Accidentelle, LTCRA, UPRES 1632, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Moubarak Mouiseddine
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection et de santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Section Autonome de Radiobiologie Appliquée à la Médecine, Fontenay aux roses, France
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et de Radioprotection Accidentelle, LTCRA, UPRES 1632, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jocelyne Aigueperse
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection et de santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Section Autonome de Radiobiologie Appliquée à la Médecine, Fontenay aux roses, France
| | - Patrick Gourmelon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection et de santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Section Autonome de Radiobiologie Appliquée à la Médecine, Fontenay aux roses, France
| | - Norbert C Gorin
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et de Radioprotection Accidentelle, LTCRA, UPRES 1632, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Dominique Thierry
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Département de Protection et de santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, Section Autonome de Radiobiologie Appliquée à la Médecine, Fontenay aux roses, France
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire et de Radioprotection Accidentelle, LTCRA, UPRES 1632, CHU Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Tyagi AK, Dhar N. Recent advances in tuberculosis research in India. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 84:211-73. [PMID: 12934938 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-36488-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading killer of mankind among all infectious diseases, especially in the developing countries. Since the discovery of tubercle bacillus more than 100 years ago, TB has been the subject of research in an attempt to develop tools and strategies to combat this disease. Research in Indian laboratories has contributed significantly towards developing the DOTS strategy employed worldwide in tuberculosis control programmes and elucidating the biological properties of its etiologic agent, M. tuberculosis. In recent times, the development of tools for manipulation of mycobacteria has given a boost to researchers working in this field. New strategies are being employed towards understanding the mechanisms of protection and pathogenesis of this disease. Molecular methods are being applied to develop new tools and reagents for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. With the sequencing of the genome of M. tuberculosis, molecules are being identified for the development of new drugs and vaccines. In this chapter, the advances made in these areas by Indian researchers mainly during the last five years are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Masood AK, Faisal SM, Mushahid MK, Nadeem A, Siddiqui MU, Owais M. Binding of bilirubin with albumin-coupled liposomes: implications in the treatment of jaundice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1564:219-26. [PMID: 12101016 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(02)00456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrated the suitability of liposomes as a method of removing plasma bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemic rats. The liposomes have innate tendency to bind with bilirubin through hydrophobic interaction. Among different types of liposomes, the positively charged liposomes were found to have maximum affinity to free bilirubin. However, the entrapment or coupling of serum albumin on the surface of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes can render a several-fold increase in their bilirubin binding capacity. The proteoliposomes were able to preferentially bind with bilirubin even in the presence of erythrocytes. Interestingly, these liposomes were found to displace bilirubin bound on the surface of erythrocytes as well. The results of the present study further demonstrate that albumin-bearing liposomes were equally effective in removing plasma bilirubin in experimental jaundiced animals. These observations indicate that liposome-mediated selective homing of excess plasma bilirubin to the liver cells (cf. hepatocytes) may help in the development of safer strategy for the treatment of hyperbilirubinemic conditions in the model animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Khan Masood
- Inter-disciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chimanuka B, Gabriëls M, Detaevernier MR, Plaizier-Vercammen JA. Preparation of beta-artemether liposomes, their HPLC-UV evaluation and relevance for clearing recrudescent parasitaemia in Plasmodium chabaudi malaria-infected mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:13-22. [PMID: 11861104 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol liposome formulations containing the antimalarial drug beta-artemether have been prepared and analyzed for their encapsulating capacity, chemical stability, leakage, in vitro release and their therapeutic efficiency against Plasmodium chabaudi infection. A HPLC-UV analysis of beta-artemether liposomes without derivatisation was achieved. A good linearity of y=4437.7 x+469.01 (R(2)=0.9999) with a detection limit of 2 microg ml(-1) was reached. Prior to this, liposomal formulations composed of different molar ratios of EPC-CHOL were prepared to select beta-artemether crystal-free liposome preparations. The formulation corresponding to 4:3 and a total concentration of 300 mg lipids ml(-1) buffer (pH 7.2), which could incorporate as much as 1.5 mg beta-artemether was selected for therapy. A trapping efficiency of nearly 100% was reached, the drug being located in the lipid bilayers. A dialysis test demonstrated that the drug could be reversibly released from the liposomes, reaching equilibrium within 24 h. After 3 months storage at 4 degrees C, no leakage of beta-artemether had occurred indicating a high stability of the liposomes. These liposomes were used to treat mice infected with the virulent rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi, with a 100% cure by clearing the recrudescent parasitaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Chimanuka
- Departement Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Farmaceutische Technologie & Fysische Farmacie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Majumdar S, Kaur H, Vohra H, Varshney GC. Membrane surface of Mycobacterium microti-infected macrophages antigenically differs from that of uninfected macrophages. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2000; 28:71-7. [PMID: 10767610 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the antigenic changes in mycobacteria-infected macrophage may be important in understanding the mechanisms responsible for the intracellular survival of the bacteria. In the present study, Mycobacterium microti-infected macrophages were utilized to investigate the possibility of differentiating the infected cells from normal cells, based on the antigenic changes occurring in the membranes. Antisera were generated against bacterial extract, heat-killed bacteria and crude preparation of M. microti-infected homologous macrophage membrane. The reactivity of these antisera, towards in vitro infected macrophages, was compared by flow cytometry. Unlike anti-bacterial extract antiserum or anti-heat-killed bacterial antiserum, anti-infected macrophage membrane antiserum reacted with infected macrophage surface. This reactivity increased with the increase in post-infection time. However, it was not observed with uninfected macrophages, PMA- or lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages and those harboring Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, heat-killed M. microti and Leishmania donovani. Interestingly, anti-infected macrophage membrane antiserum identified a 63-kDa antigen in M. microti-infected macrophage membranes which was not present in the membranes of normal macrophages, activated macrophages and of those infected with M. tuberculosis H37Ra, heat-killed M. microti and L. donovani. Thus, membranes of M. microti-infected macrophages differ antigenically from those of the normal macrophages and infected homologous macrophage membrane antiserum provides a useful tool in studying such changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Majumdar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
The use of liposomes as drug carriers in treatment of various diseases has been explored extensively for more than 20 years. 'Conventional' liposomes, when administered in vivo by a variety of routes, rapidly accumulate in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). The inherent tendency of the liposomes to concentrate in MPS can be exploited in enhancing the non-specific host defence against infections by entrapping in them the macrophage modulators, and as carriers of antibiotics in treatment of intracellular infections that reside in MPS. This must further be enhanced by grafting on the liposome surface the ligands, e.g. tuftsin, that not only binds specifically to the MPS cells but also enhances their natural killer activity. Keeping this in view, we designed and developed tuftsin-bearing liposomes as drug carriers for the treatment of macrophage-based infections and outline these studies in this overview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Agrawal
- PolyMASC Pharmaceuticals Plc, Fleet Road, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|