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Hu D, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Wang G, Wang F, Qu Y, Niu Y, Liu S. Toxicity to the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of piglets treated with a therapeutic dose of florfenicol. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 162:122-31. [PMID: 25467888 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FLO) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent for treatment of bacteriosis of piglets in veterinary practice. To study the toxicity to the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of piglets treated with a therapeutic dose of FLO, 20 healthy weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Piglets in the FLO group were fed with fodder supplemented with 30mg/kg BW of FLO twice a day for 10 days. Blood samples were drawn at four time points: 1 day before FLO administration and 1, 7, and 14 days post-withdrawal. Three or four piglets were euthanized at each time point post-withdrawal and tissue samples (bone marrow, thymus and spleen) were collected for fixation and cryostorage. The levels of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) antibody against the vaccine, the concentrations of Hsp70 and IL-6 in serum and Hsp70 in tissues, and the mRNA expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2) and tumor suppressor p53 were detected, the hematology of the piglets were analyzed, and the histopathology and the status of apoptosis of the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs was examined. The results showed changes in several indicators in the FLO group 1 day post-withdrawal: the concentration of red blood cells (RBCs) was decreased, and that of platelets (PLTs) was significantly lower (p<0.05); the volumes of RBC and PLT were increased; the sum of blood lymphocytes was statistically decreased (p<0.05); the concentration of IL-6 was significantly increased (p<0.05); the concentrations of Hsp70 in serum and tissues were increased; obvious atrophy of the hematopoietic cell lines and partial replacement by fat cells were observed in bone marrow; thymus and spleen tissues showed lower concentrations and sparser arrangement of lymphocytes in the thymic medulla and white pulp of the spleen respectively; and the mRNA expression levels of bcl-2 in the three tissues were up-regulated, while that of p53 was down-regulated. With time after cessation of FLO administration, the indicators of the FLO group gradually returned to close to that of the control group and the histological lesions of the tissues gradually recovered, and the differences in the densities of lymphocytes and cell arrangements in the tissues between two groups gradually decreased. In conclusion, a therapeutic dose of FLO induces temporary toxicity in the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of piglets to some extent, and influences hemopoiesis and immune function. These effects gradually decrease after cessation of FLO administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Hu
- Animal Science and Technology Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Taixiang Zhang
- Postdoctoral Workstation of DELISI Group, Weifang 262216, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Guangwen Wang
- Animal Science and Technology Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Animal Science and Technology Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yajin Qu
- Animal Science and Technology Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yujuan Niu
- Animal Science and Technology Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- Animal Science and Technology Department of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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52
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Yu ZG, Geng ZX, Liu TF, Jiang F. In vitro
and in vivo
evaluation of an in situ
forming gel system for sustained delivery of Florfenicol. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:271-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-G. Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Z.-X. Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - T.-F. Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - F. Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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53
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Human and Veterinary Antibiotics Used in Portugal—A Ranking for Ecosurveillance. TOXICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/toxics2020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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54
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Sidhu P, Rassouli A, Illambas J, Potter T, Pelligand L, Rycroft A, Lees P. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of florfenicol in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:231-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sidhu
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - A. Rassouli
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - J. Illambas
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - T. Potter
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - L. Pelligand
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - A. Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - P. Lees
- The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Campus; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
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55
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Sheu SY, Wang YK, Tai YT, Lei YC, Chang TH, Yao CH, Kuo TF. ESTABLISHMENT OF A COMPETITIVE ELISA FOR DETECTION OF FLORFENICOL ANTIBIOTIC IN FOOD OF ANIMAL ORIGIN. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2013; 34:438-52. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2013.779924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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56
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Watteyn A, Russo E, Garmyn A, De Baere S, Pasmans F, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Montesissa C, De Backer P, Croubels S. Clinical efficacy of florfenicol administered in the drinking water against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in turkeys housed in different environmental conditions: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach. Avian Pathol 2013; 42:474-81. [PMID: 23930788 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2013.823144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In poultry rearing, medicated drinking water is a commonly used administration route, but drug uptake can be affected by many factors. In this study, the influence of two important parameters, the photoperiod and feeding schemes, on florfenicol uptake in turkeys was tested. First, the uptake was determined as the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of florfenicol; and second, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of florfenicol against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Both experiments were conducted during a 5-day treatment of 30 mg/kg body weight florfenicol administered via drinking water and considering different photoperiods and feeding schemes (group 20/4L: photoperiod of 20 h, fed ad libitum; group 16/8L: photoperiod of 16 h, fed ad libitum; group 16/8R: photoperiod of 16 h, fed ad libitum but feed was withdrawn during the dark period and replaced 1 h after lighting). On day 1 of treatment, all groups showed plasma concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (both MIC50 and MIC90, 1 mg/l) of 37.7%, 63.5% and 53.1% of a 24-h interval for 20/4L, 16/8L and 16/8R, respectively. Only in the 16/8L and 16/8R groups was the MIC also exceeded on day 5 (47.9% and 21.5% of a 24-h interval, respectively). In all groups, a clinical improvement could be noticed, resulting in reduction of the clinical score. However, only the 16/8L and 16/8R groups showed significant differences from the control group. The results demonstrated an important influence of the photoperiod on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol as well as the clinical outcome in an infection model. It can be advised that the photoperiod should be <20 h to have sufficient drug intake. Nevertheless, there was no effect between fed and fasted turkeys for both the pharmacokinetics and the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Watteyn
- a Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Ghent University , Merelbeke , Belgium
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57
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Mason SE, Almond GW, Riviere JE, Baynes RE. Evaluation of factors important in modeling plasma concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride administered in water in swine. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:1641-9. [PMID: 23013192 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.10.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To model the plasma tetracycline concentrations in swine (Sus scrofa domestica) treated with medication administered in water and determine the factors that contribute to the most accurate predictions of measured plasma drug concentrations. SAMPLE Plasma tetracycline concentrations measured in blood samples from 3 populations of swine. PROCEDURES Data from previous studies provided plasma tetracycline concentrations that were measured in blood samples collected from 1 swine population at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, 80, 96, and 104 hours and from 2 swine populations at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours hours during administration of tetracycline hydrochloride dissolved in water. A 1-compartment pharmacostatistical model was used to analyze 5 potential covariate schemes and determine factors most important in predicting the plasma concentrations of tetracycline in swine. RESULTS 2 models most accurately predicted the tetracycline plasma concentrations in the 3 populations of swine. Factors of importance were body weight or age of pig, ambient temperature, concentration of tetracycline in water, and water use per unit of time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The factors found to be of importance, combined with knowledge of the individual pharmacokinetic and chemical properties of medications currently approved for administration in water, may be useful in more prudent administration of approved medications administered to swine. Factors found to be important in pharmacostatistical models may allow prediction of plasma concentrations of tetracycline or other commonly used medications administered in water. The ability to predict in vivo concentrations of medication in a population of food animals can be combined with bacterial minimum inhibitory concentrations to decrease the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Mason
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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58
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Wu CH, Chang CS, Tsai CE. DEPLETION OF CARBADOX AND ITS METABOLITE (QUINOXALINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID) IN PIGS FOLLOWING A SINGLE DOSE AND MULTIPLE IN-FEED DOSING. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.627616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsueh Wu
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine , College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu , Pingtung , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Chu-Shiang Chang
- b Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Chin-En Tsai
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine , College of Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu , Pingtung , Taiwan , Republic of China
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59
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YANG F, SUN N, SUN YX, SHAN Q, ZHAO HY, ZENG DP, ZENG ZL. A physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:192-200. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2012.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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60
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SUN Y, BU SJ. Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of praziquantel in healthy water buffalo after oral and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:618-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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61
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Gutiérrez L, Vargas D, Ocampo L, Sumano H, Martinez R, Tapia G. Plasma concentrations resulting from florfenicol preparations given to pigs in their drinking water. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2926-31. [PMID: 21454858 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol administered through the drinking water has been recommended as a metaphylactic antibacterial drug to control outbreaks of respiratory diseases in pigs caused by strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida, yet it is difficult to pinpoint in practice when the drug is given metaphylactically or therapeutically. Further, pigs are likely to reject florfenicol-medicated water, and plasma concentrations of the drug are likely to be marginal for diseases caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The reported minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for these organisms show a breakpoint of 2 to 3 μg/mL. An experiment was conducted during September and October 2009. One hundred twenty healthy crossbred pigs (Landrace-Yorkshire), weighing 23 ± 6.2 kg, were used in this trial. They were randomly assigned to 5 groups, with 3 replicates of 8 animals/group. Two commercial preparations of florfenicol were administered through the drinking water at 2 concentrations (0.01 and 0.015%). Water intake was measured before and after medication, and plasma concentrations of florfenicol were determined by HPLC. Considerable rejection of florfenicol-medicated water was observed. However, plasma florfenicol concentrations were of a range sufficient for a methaphylaxis approach to preventing disease by bacteria, with MIC breakpoints of ≤ 0.25 μg/mL. Decreased efficacy as a metaphylactic medication should be expected for bacteria with MIC >0.25 μg/mL, considering the reported existence of bacteria resistant to florfenicol and the natural resistance of Streptococcus suis or E. coli to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán, México City, México
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62
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Xinxin C, Chi C, Xiao C, Xue X, Yongjun Y, Junqing C, Xuming D. Florfenicol inhibits allergic airway inflammation in mice by p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of GATA 3. Clin Immunol 2010; 138:231-8. [PMID: 21163707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. However, its possible use for asthma has not yet been studied. First we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of florfenicol using mice asthma model. BALB/c mice were immunized and challenged by ovalbumin. Treatment with florfenicol caused a marked reduction in inflammatory cells and three Th2 type cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of mice. The levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE and airway hyperresponsiveness were significantly altered after treatment with florfenicol. Histological studies using H&E and AB-PAS staining demonstrate that florfenicol substantially inhibited ovalbumin-induced inflammatory cells infiltration in lung tissue and goblet cell hyperplasia in the airway. These results were similar to those obtained with dexamethasone treatment. We then investigated which signal transduction mechanisms could be implicated in florfenicol activity. Our results suggested that the protective effect of florfenicol was mediated by the inhibition of the p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of GATA 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Xinxin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
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63
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Verma S, Ahmad AH, Rahal A, Singh KP. Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol Following Single Dose Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration in Goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2009.9707039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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64
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Anadón A, Martínez MA, Martínez M, Ríos A, Caballero V, Ares I, Martínez-Larrañaga MR. Plasma and tissue depletion of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in chickens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11049-11056. [PMID: 18975969 DOI: 10.1021/jf802138y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chickens were used to investigate plasma disposition of florfenicol after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral dose (20 mg kg-1 body weight) and to study residue depletion of florfenicol and its major metabolite florfenicol-amine after multiple oral doses (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days). Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. After i.v. and oral administration, plasma concentration-time curves were best described by a two-compartment open model. The mean [ +/- standard deviation (SD)] elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of florfenicol in plasma was 7.90 +/- 0.48 and 8.34 +/- 0.64 h after i.v. and oral administration, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration was 10.23 +/- 1.67 microg mL-1, and the interval from oral administration until maximal concentration was 0.63 +/- 0.07 h. Oral bioavailability was found to be 87 +/- 16%. Florfenicol was converted to florfenicol-amine. After multiple oral dose (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days), in kidney and liver, concentrations of florfenicol (119.34 +/- 31.81 and 817.34 +/- 91.65 microg kg-1, respectively) and florfenicol-amine (60.67 +/- 13.05 and 48.50 +/- 13.07 microg kg-1, respectively) persisted for 7 days. The prolonged presence of residues of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in edible tissues can play an important role in human food safety, because the compounds could give rise to a possible health risk. A withdrawal time of 6 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of florfenicol were less than the maximal residue limits or tolerance established by the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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65
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Park BK, Lim JH, Kim MS, Hwang YH, Yun HI. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite, florfenicol amine, in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:85-9. [PMID: 17570454 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A study on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was conducted in six healthy dogs following a single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) dose of 20 mg kg(-1) body weight (b.w.). Florfenicol concentrations in serum were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Plasma concentration-time data after p.o. or i.v. administration were analyzed by a non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, the total body clearance was 1.03 (0.49) L kg(-1)h(-1) and the volume of distribution at steady-state was 1.45 (0.82) L kg(-1). Florfenicol was rapidly distributed and eliminated following i.v. injection with 1.11 (0.94)h of the elimination half-life. After oral administration, the calculated mean C(max) values (6.18 microg ml(-1)) were reached at 0.94 h in dogs. The elimination half-life of florfenicol was 1.24 (0.64) h and the absolute bioavailability (F) was achieved 95.43 (11.60)% after oral administration of florfenicol. Florfenicol amine, the major metabolite of florfenicol, was detected in all dogs after i.v. and p.o. administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kwon Park
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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66
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KIM MH, GEBRU E, CHANG ZQ, CHOI JY, HWANG MH, KANG EH, LIM JH, YUN HI, PARK SC. Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Tylosin or Florfenicol after a Single Intramuscular Administration at Two Different Doses of Tylosin-Florfenicol Combination in Pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:99-102. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hee KIM
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Elias GEBRU
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Zhi-Qiang CHANG
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Jae-Young CHOI
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Mi-Hyun HWANG
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Eun-Hee KANG
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
| | - Jong-Hwan LIM
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Hyo-In YUN
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University
| | - Seung-Chun PARK
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
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67
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Switała M, Hrynyk R, Smutkiewicz A, Jaworski K, Pawlowski P, Okoniewski P, Grabowski T, Debowy J. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol, thiamphenicol, and chloramphenicol in turkeys. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:145-50. [PMID: 17348900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF), thiamphenicol (TP) and chloramphenicol (CP) after single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) administration was studied in an independent cross-over study in broiler turkeys. All the fenicol antibiotics were administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. and their concentrations in plasma samples were assayed using the same validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental method. The kinetic profiles of the compounds were compared with the results of the structure-activity relationship. According to the proposed mathematical description, no differences in plasma clearance values for the studied antibiotics were observed. The mean residence time values of FF, TF, and CP after i.v. injection were 3.37+/-0.63, 2.43+/-0.29, and 2.12+/-0.21 h, respectively. The mean values of Varea for FF (1.39+/-0.31 L/kg) and TP (1.31+/-0.19 L/kg) were similar, but significantly different from that of CP (1.04+/-0.12 L/kg). The bioavailabilities of FF, TP, and CP after oral administration were 82%, 69%, and 45%, respectively. Differences in the bioavailability values of the compared fenicol antibiotics correspond to the ratio of the apolar/polar surface areas of their particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Switała
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Agricultural University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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68
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Park BK, Lim JH, Kim MS, Hwang YH, Yun HI. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its major metabolite, florfenicol amine, in rabbits. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:32-6. [PMID: 17217398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its active metabolite florfenicol amine were investigated in rabbits after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of florfenicol at 20 mg/kg bodyweight. The plasma concentrations of florfenicol and florfenicol amine were determined simultaneously by an LC/MS method. After i.v. injection, the terminal half-life (t(1/2lambdaz)), steady-state volume of distribution, total body clearance and mean residence time of florfenicol were 0.90 +/- 0.20 h, 0.94 +/- 0.19 L/kg, 0.63 +/- 0.06 L/h/kg and 1.50 +/- 0.34 h respectively. The peak concentrations (C(max)) of florfenicol (7.96 +/- 2.75 microg/mL) after p.o. administration were observed at 0.90 +/- 0.38 h. The t(1/2lambdaz) and p.o. bioavailability of florfenicol were 1.42 +/- 0.56 h and 76.23 +/- 12.02% respectively. Florfenicol amine was detected in all rabbits after i.v. and p.o. administration. After i.v. and p.o. administration of florfenicol, the observed Cmax values of florfenicol amine (5.06 +/- 1.79 and 3.38 +/- 0.97 microg/mL) were reached at 0.88 +/- 0.78 and 2.10 +/- 1.08 h respectively. Florfenicol amine was eliminated with an elimination half-life of 1.84 +/- 0.17 and 2.35 +/- 0.94 h after i.v. and p.o. administration respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-K Park
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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69
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Jiang HX, Zeng ZL, Chen ZL, Liu JJ, Fung KF. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in pigs following intravenous, intramuscular or oral administration and the effects of feed intake on oral dosing. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2006; 29:153-6. [PMID: 16515670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H-X Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
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70
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Abd El-Aty AM, Goudah A, Abo El-Sooud K, El-Zorba HY, Shimoda M, Zhou HH. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of florfenicol following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administrations in rabbits. Vet Res Commun 2004; 28:515-24. [PMID: 15509025 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000040241.06642.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the disposition kinetics and bioavailability of florfenicol after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administration to rabbits at a dose of 30 mg/kg BW. Serial blood samples were collected through an indwelling catheter intermittently for 24 h for various routes. Plasma antibacterial concentrations were determined using a microbiological assay method with Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as a reference organism. Plasma concentration-time data generated in the present study were analysed by non-compartmental methods based on statistical moment theory. Following i.v. administration, the overall elimination half-life (t1/2beta) was 1.54 h, mean residence time (MRT) was 1.69 h, mean volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 0.57 L/kg, and total body clearance (Cltot) was 0.34 L/kg/h. After i.m. and oral dosing, the terminal part of the curve should correspond to the absorption phase, instead of to the elimination phase, with terminal half-lives of 3.01 and 2.57 h, respectively. The mean absorption time (MAT) was 2.65 h for i.m. and 2.01 h for oral administration. Elimination rate constants differed with i.v., i.m. and oral administrations, suggesting a flip-flop situation. The observed mean peak plasma concentrations (Cmax obs) were 21.65 and 15.14 microg/ml achieved at a post-injection time (Tmax obs) of 0.5 h following i.m. and oral dosing, respectively. The absolute systemic availabilities were 88.25% and 50.79%, respectively, and the extent of plasma protein binding percent was 11.65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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