51
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Ding W, Lei C, He Q, Zhang Q, Bi Y, Liu W. Insights into Bacterial 6-Methylsalicylic Acid Synthase and Its Engineering to Orsellinic Acid Synthase for Spirotetronate Generation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:495-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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52
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Wei M, Wang S, Fang Y, Chen Y. Microbial generation of nocathiacin acid from nocathiacin I. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:3617-3622. [PMID: 20106660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial generation of nocathiacin acid from nocathiacin I by manipulating enzymatic activities related to C-terminal dehydroalanine hydrolysis in Amycolatopsis fastidiosa LCB1001 was investigated by comparing the effects of various factors including metal ions, amino acid precursors and starting pH on the transformation. CuCl(2) and cysteine significantly increased bioconversion yields, and starting pH and time were also major factors affecting the product yield. Under optimal conditions, the yield of nocathiacin acid was increased from 10.4mg/L to greater than 45.0mg/L after 6days of fermentation. The use of protease inhibitors indicated that enzymes such as peptidylglycine monooxygenase and alcylase I are likely involved in the bioconversion. This is the first report on the generation of nocathiacin acid through microbial conversion in situ. Compared to chemical methods, the present approach is more effective and could be broadly applied in the production of novel derivatives of microbial secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Wei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
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53
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Separation of structurally similar nocathiacin analogues by reversed phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3038-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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54
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Yu Y, Duan L, Zhang Q, Liao R, Ding Y, Pan H, Wendt-Pienkowski E, Tang G, Shen B, Liu W. Nosiheptide biosynthesis featuring a unique indole side ring formation on the characteristic thiopeptide framework. ACS Chem Biol 2009; 4:855-64. [PMID: 19678698 DOI: 10.1021/cb900133x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nosiheptide (NOS), belonging to the e series of thiopeptide antibiotics that exhibit potent activity against various bacterial pathogens, bears a unique indole side ring system and regiospecific hydroxyl groups on the characteristic macrocyclic core. Here, cloning, sequencing, and characterization of the nos gene cluster from Streptomyces actuosus ATCC 25421 as a model for this series of thiopeptides has unveiled new insights into their biosynthesis. Bioinformatics-based sequence analysis and in vivo investigation into the gene functions show that NOS biosynthesis shares a common strategy with recently characterized b or c series thiopeptides for forming the characteristic macrocyclic core, which features a ribosomally synthesized precursor peptide with conserved posttranslational modifications. However, it apparently proceeds via a different route for tailoring the thiopeptide framework, allowing the final product to exhibit the distinct structural characteristics of e series thiopeptides, such as the indole side ring system. Chemical complementation supports the notion that the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent protein NosL may play a central role in converting tryptophan to the key 3-methylindole moiety by an unusual carbon side chain rearrangement, most likely via a radical-initiated mechanism. Characterization of the indole side ring-opened analogue of NOS from the nosN mutant strain is consistent with the proposed methyltransferase activity of its encoded protein, shedding light into the timing of the individual steps for indole side ring biosynthesis. These results also suggest the feasibility of engineering novel thiopeptides for drug discovery by manipulating the NOS biosynthetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lian Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rijing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haixue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Evelyn Wendt-Pienkowski
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Gongli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ben Shen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai 200032, China
- Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
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55
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Morris RP, Leeds JA, Naegeli HU, Oberer L, Memmert K, Weber E, LaMarche MJ, Parker CN, Burrer N, Esterow S, Hein AE, Schmitt EK, Krastel P. Ribosomally synthesized thiopeptide antibiotics targeting elongation factor Tu. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:5946-55. [PMID: 19338336 DOI: 10.1021/ja900488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We identified the thiomuracins, a novel family of thiopeptides produced by a rare-actinomycete bacterium typed as a Nonomuraea species, via a screen for inhibition of growth of the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Thiopeptides are a class of macrocyclic, highly modified peptides that are decorated by thiazoles and defined by a central six-membered heterocyclic ring system. Mining the genomes of thiopeptide-producing strains revealed the elusive biosynthetic route for this class of antibiotics. The thiopeptides are chromosomally encoded, ribosomally synthesized proteins, and isolation of gene clusters for production of thiomuracin and the related thiopeptide GE2270A revealed the post-translational machinery required for maturation. The target of the thiomuracins was identified as bacterial Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu). In addition to potently inhibiting a target that is unexploited by marketed human therapeutics, the thiomuracins have a low propensity for selecting for antibiotic resistance and confer no measurable cross-resistance to antibiotics in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan P Morris
- Natural Products Unit, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
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56
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Zhang C, Herath K, Jayasuriya H, Ondeyka JG, Zink DL, Occi J, Birdsall G, Venugopal J, Ushio M, Burgess B, Masurekar P, Barrett JF, Singh SB. Thiazomycins, thiazolyl peptide antibiotics from Amycolatopsis fastidiosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:841-847. [PMID: 19334707 DOI: 10.1021/np800783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolyl peptides are a class of highly rigid trimacrocyclic compounds consisting of varying but large numbers of thiazole rings. The need for new antibacterial agents to treat infections caused by resistant bacteria prompted a reinvestigation of this class, leading to the previous isolation of thiazolyl peptides, namely, thiazomycin (5) and thiazomycin A (6), congeners of nocathiacins (1-4). Continued chemical screening led to the isolation of six new thiazolyl peptide congeners (8-13), of which three had truncated structures lacking an indole residue. From these, compound 8 showed activity similar to thiazomycin. Two compounds (9 and 10) showed intermediate activities, and the three truncated compounds (11-13) were essentially inactive. The discovery of the truncated compounds revealed the minimal structural requirements for activity and suggested probable biosynthetic pathways for more advanced compounds. The isolation, structure elucidation, antibacterial activity, and proposed biogenesis of thiazomycins are herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhang
- Natural Products Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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57
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Xu L, Farthing AK, Dropinski JF, Meinke PT, McCallum C, Leavitt PS, Hickey EJ, Colwell L, Barrett J, Liu K. Nocathiacin analogs: Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel water-soluble amides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3531-5. [PMID: 19447613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Novel water-soluble amide analogs were synthesized from nocathiacin I (1) through the formation of the carboxylic acid intermediate followed by coupling to primary or secondary amines. Several compounds with potent antibacterial activity and adequate water solubility were identified. Of these, compound 19 was selected for more extensive evaluation because of its excellent in vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo efficacy, as well as clean off-target screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Xu
- Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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58
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Kelly WL, Pan L, Li C. Thiostrepton Biosynthesis: Prototype for a New Family of Bacteriocins. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:4327-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807890a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Lisa Pan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Chaoxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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59
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Actinomycetes scale-up for the production of the antibacterial, nocathiacin. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:176-88. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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60
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61
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Milinkevich KA, Ye L, Kurth MJ. Synthesis of 5-(thiazol-5-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles from 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:521-5. [PMID: 18505299 DOI: 10.1021/cc800033m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione with thioamides gives 1-(thiazol-5-yl)ethanones and subsequent Wittig olefination, followed by nitrile oxide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to the resulting prop-1-en-2-yl moiety, delivers racemic 5-(thiazol-5-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles. When this thiazole and isoxazoline diheterocyclic scaffold has a carboethoxy substituent at C2 of the thiazole ring, aminolysis provides for effective diversification. A 50-member library of various 5-(thiazol-5-yl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Milinkevich
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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62
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Singh SB, Occi J, Jayasuriya H, Herath K, Motyl M, Dorso K, Gill C, Hickey E, Overbye KM, Barrett JF, Masurekar P. Antibacterial evaluations of thiazomycin- a potent thiazolyl peptide antibiotic from Amycolatopsis fastidiosa. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2008; 60:565-71. [PMID: 17917239 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thiazomycin is a novel thiazolyl peptide closely related to nocathiacin I. It was isolated from Amycolatopsis fastidiosa by chemical and biological screening. Thiazomycin showed highly potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive pathogens (MIC range 0.002 approximately 0.064 microg/ml) and did not show cross-resistance to clinically relevant antibiotic classes such as beta-lactams, vancomycin, oxazolidinone and quinolones. It was highly efficacious against Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice exhibiting an ED(99) value of 0.15 mg/kg by subcutaneous administration. It inhibited bacterial growth by selective inhibition of protein synthesis and it was thought to interact with L11 protein and 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosome. Structurally, it possesses an oxazolidine ring in the amino-sugar residue that provides further opportunities for selective chemical modifications that are not feasible with other thiazolyl peptides. More importantly such a modification can potentially lead to semi-synthetic compounds that overcome problems that have hampered clinical development of this class of compounds. Despite its positive attributes, emergence of an unacceptable frequency of resistance poses significant challenges for further development of thiazomycin and this class of molecules for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo B Singh
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA.
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63
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Isolation and structure elucidation of thiazomycin- a potent thiazolyl peptide antibiotic from Amycolatopsis fastidiosa. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2008; 60:554-64. [PMID: 17917238 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolyl peptides are a class of rigid macrocyclic compounds richly populated with thiazole rings. They are highly potent antibiotics but none have been advanced to clinic due to poor aqueous solubility. Recent progress in this field prompted a reinvestigation leading to the isolation of a new thiazolyl peptide, thiazomycin, a congener of nocathiacins. Thiazomycin possesses an oxazolidine ring as part of the amino-sugar moiety in contrast to the dimethyl amino group present in nocathiacin I. The presence of the oxazolidine ring provides additional opportunities for chemical modifications that are not possible with other nocathiacins. Thiazomycin is extremely potent against Gram-positive bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. The titer of thiazomycin in the fermentation broth was very low compared to the nocathiacins I and III. The lower titer together with its sandwiched order of elution presented significant challenges in large scale purification of thiazomycin. This problem was resolved by the development of an innovative preferential protonation based one- and/or two-step chromatographic method, which was used for pilot plant scale purifications of thiazomycin. The isolation and structure elucidation of thiazomycin is herein described.
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64
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Tomioka H. Development of new antituberculous agents based on new drug targets and structure–activity relationship. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 3:21-49. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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65
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Xu L, Farthing AK, Shi YJ, Meinke PT, Liu K. Conversion of Nocathiacin I to Nocathiacin Acid by a Mild and Selective Cleavage of Dehydroalanine. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7447-50. [PMID: 17705543 DOI: 10.1021/jo071115p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolyl peptide antibiotic nocathiacin I (1) was converted to nocathiacin acid (4) in high yield by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride and pyridine in THF at room temperature. Two equipotent water-soluble amide analogues of nocathiacin I were readily prepared from this important and versatile carboxylic acid intermediate under mild peptide coupling conditions. The present method is useful for chemical derivatization of complex natural products that contain C-terminal dehydroalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Xu
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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66
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Pucci MJ, Cheng J, Podos SD, Thoma CL, Thanassi JA, Buechter DD, Mushtaq G, Vigliotti GA, Bradbury BJ, Deshpande M. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of heteroaryl isothiazolones against resistant gram-positive pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:1259-67. [PMID: 17242152 PMCID: PMC1855488 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01315-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of several tricyclic heteroaryl isothiazolones (HITZs) against an assortment of gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates were assessed. These compounds target bacterial DNA replication and were found to possess broad-spectrum activities especially against gram-positive strains, including antibiotic-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. These included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-nonsusceptible staphylococci, and quinolone-resistant strains. The HITZs were more active than the comparator antimicrobials in most cases. For gram-negative bacteria, the tested compounds were less active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae but showed exceptional potencies against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria spp. Good activity against several anaerobes, as well as Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was also observed. Excellent bactericidal activity against staphylococci was observed in time-kill assays, with an approximately 3-log drop in the numbers of CFU/ml occurring after 4 h of exposure to compound. Postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of 2.0 and 1.7 h for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA strains, respectively, were observed, and these were similar to those seen with moxifloxacin at 10x MIC. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in murine infections by using sepsis and thigh infection models. The 50% protective doses were <or=1 mg/kg of body weight against S. aureus in the sepsis model, while decreases in the numbers of CFU per thigh equal to or greater than those detected in animals treated with a standard dose of vancomycin were seen in the animals with thigh infections. Pharmacokinetic analyses of treated mice indicated exposures similar to those to ciprofloxacin at equivalent dose levels. These promising initial data suggest further study on the use of the HITZs as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pucci
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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67
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Janin YL. Antituberculosis drugs: ten years of research. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:2479-513. [PMID: 17291770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is today amongst the worldwide health threats. As resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have slowly emerged, treatment failure is too often a fact, especially in countries lacking the necessary health care organisation to provide the long and costly treatment adapted to patients. Because of lack of treatment or lack of adapted treatment, at least two million people will die of tuberculosis this year. Due to this concern, this infectious disease was the focus of renewed scientific interest in the last decade. Regimens were optimized and much was learnt on the mechanisms of action of the antituberculosis drugs used. Moreover, the quest for original drugs overcoming some of the problems of current regimens also became the focus of research programmes and many new series of M. tuberculosis growth inhibitors were reported. This review presents the drugs currently used in antituberculosis treatments and the most advanced compounds undergoing clinical trials. We then provide a description of their mechanism of action along with other series of inhibitors known to act on related biochemical targets. This is followed by other inhibitors of M. tuberculosis growth, including recently reported compounds devoid of a reported mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves L Janin
- URA 2128 CNRS-Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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68
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Abstract
This review covers natural products (secondary metabolites) with reported growth inhibitory activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis or related organisms. Such compounds have been isolated from a variety of sources including terrestrial and marine plants and animals, and microorganisms, with the express intent of identifying novel scaffolds for the development of new antituberculosis agents. The literature from January 2003 to December 2005 (inclusive) is reviewed and 146 references to 353 compounds are cited. The compounds are presented in order of chemical type, namely lipids/fatty acids and simple aromatics, phenolics and quinones, peptides, alkaloids, terpenes (monoterpenoids, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes and triterpenes), steroids and miscellaneous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent R Copp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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69
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Naidu BN, Sorenson ME, Matiskella JD, Li W, Sausker JB, Zhang Y, Connolly TP, Lam KS, Bronson JJ, Pucci MJ, Yang H, Ueda Y. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of nocathiacin I analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3545-9. [PMID: 16621551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective reduction of dehydroalanine double bond in nocathiacin I afforded the primary amide 2. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the amide 2 provided the carboxylic acid 3, which upon coupling with a variety of amines furnished amides 4-32. Some of these semi-synthetic derivatives have retained very good antibacterial activity and have improved aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Narasimhulu Naidu
- The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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70
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Butler MS, Buss AD. Natural products--the future scaffolds for novel antibiotics? Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 71:919-29. [PMID: 16289393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have played a pivotal role in antibiotic drug discovery with most antibacterial drugs being derived from a natural product or natural product lead. However, the rapid onset of resistance to most antibacterial drugs diminishes their effectiveness considerably and necessitates a constant supply of new antibiotics for effective treatment of infections. The natural product templates of actinonin, pleuromutilin, ramoplanin and tiacumicin B, which are compounds undergoing clinical evaluation, represent templates not found in currently marketed antibacterial drugs. In addition, the new templates present in the recently discovered lead antibacterials arylomycin, GE23077, mannopeptimycin, muraymycin/caprazamycin, nocathiacin and ECO-0501, are discussed. Despite extensive efforts to identify antibiotic leads from molecular targets, only the peptide deformylase inhibitor LBM-415 is currently in clinical trials. It is proposed that new antibacterial assays which combine cell-based screening with molecular targets could offer better prospects for lead discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Butler
- MerLion Pharmaceuticals, 1 Science Park Road, The Capricorn #05-01, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore 117528, Singapore.
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71
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Naidu BN, Sorenson ME, Bronson JJ, Pucci MJ, Clark JM, Ueda Y. Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo antibacterial activity of nocathiacin I thiol-Michael adducts. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2069-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2005] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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72
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Connolly TP, Regueiro-Ren A, Leet JE, Springer DM, Goodrich J, Huang XS, Pucci MJ, Clark JM, Bronson JJ, Ueda Y. Chemical conversion of nocathiacin I to nocathiacin II and a lactone analogue of glycothiohexide alpha. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:550-553. [PMID: 15844946 DOI: 10.1021/np040225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nocathiacin I (1) was converted to its deoxy indole analogue, nocathiacin II (2), another natural product, by a unique and facile chemical process. This process was applied to nocathiacin IV (4), generating the lactone analogue of glycothiohexide alpha (5), which was also prepared from nocathiacin II by a mild hydrolytic process. In contrast to glycothiohexide alpha (3), this lactone analogue (5) was found to exhibit in vivo antibacterial efficacy in an animal (mouse) infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Connolly
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA
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