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Effect of preliminary stresses on the resistance of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus toward non-thermal plasma (NTP) challenge. Food Res Int 2017; 105:178-183. [PMID: 29433205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As the development of hurdle technology, cross-protection of various stresses for pathogens posed the potential risk to food safety and public health. This study tried to explore various preliminary stresses including acidity, osmosis, oxidation, heat and cold on the resistance of microbial cells toward the non-thermal plasma (NTP) exposure. The results indicated that short-term (4h) exposure of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to acidity, osmosis, oxidation, heat and cold stresses did not lead to the resistance to the subsequent NTP treatment. On the contrary, acidity, osmosis and heat preadaptation increased the vulnerability of E. coli cells to NTP treatment. After exposing S. aureus to osmosis, oxidation, heat and cold stress for longer period (24h), the reduction level showed significantly (P<0.05) higher. Interestingly, long-term (24h) preliminary exposure of acidic stress exhibited protective effect for S. aureus against the following NTP exposure with less damage in cell membrane integrity, membrane potential and intracellular enzyme activity. It might be due to the protein production for oxidative stress response during preliminary acidic adaptation. In general, the obtained result helped to grasp better understanding of the microbial stress response to NTP treatment and provided insight for the future research in order to accelerate the development of NTP technology in food industry.
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52
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Lebow NK, DesRocher LD, Younce FL, Zhu MJ, Ross CF, Smith DM. Influence of High-Pressure Processing at Low Temperature and Nisin on Listeria innocua
Survival and Sensory Preference of Dry-Cured Cold-Smoked Salmon. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2977-2986. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelle K. Lebow
- School of Food Science; Washington State Univ.; Box 646376 Pullman Wash. 99164-6376 U.S.A
| | - Lisa D. DesRocher
- Dept. 7640; North Dakota State Univ.; Box 6050 Fargo N.Dak. 58108-6050 U.S.A
| | - Frank L. Younce
- School of Food Science; Washington State Univ.; Box 646376 Pullman Wash. 99164-6376 U.S.A
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science; Washington State Univ.; Box 646376 Pullman Wash. 99164-6376 U.S.A
| | - Carolyn F. Ross
- School of Food Science; Washington State Univ.; Box 646376 Pullman Wash. 99164-6376 U.S.A
| | - Denise M. Smith
- School of Food Science; Washington State Univ.; Box 646376 Pullman Wash. 99164-6376 U.S.A
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53
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Pectin and polygalacturonic acid-coated liposomes as novel delivery system for nisin: Preparation, characterization and release behavior. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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54
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Utilization of Industrial Waste for the Production of Bio-Preservative from Bacillus licheniformis Me1 and Its Application in Milk and Milk-Based Food Products. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 10:228-235. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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55
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Malekmohammadi S, Kodjovi KK, Sherwood J, Bergholz TM. Genetic and environmental factors influence Listeria monocytogenes nisin resistance. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:262-270. [PMID: 28452154 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Listeria monocytogenes nisin resistance increases when first exposed to NaCl and other stresses, such as low pH. In addition to environmental stressors, specific genomic elements can confer nisin resistance, such as the stress survival islet (SSI-1). As SSI-1 is variably present among L. monocytogenes strains, we wanted to determine if SSI-1 was associated with salt-induced nisin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS The presence of SSI-1 was determined using PCR for 48 strains of L. monocytogenes. When combined with multilocus sequence typing data, we found that the distribution of SSI-1 is clonal, where strains from clonal complexes (CC) 2, 6 and 11 do not have SSI-1, while strains from CCs 3, 5, 7 and 9 contain SSI-1. The impact of SSI-1 on salt-induced nisin resistance was dependent on CC. The average log decrease after 24 h of exposure to nisin at 7°C under salt-inducing conditions was 2·6 ± 1·1 for CC 9 strains and 2·3 ± 0·7 for CC 11 strains, which had significantly lower survival compared to the other CCs, such as 1·3 ± 0·3 for CC 6. Deletion of SSI-1 from a CC 7 strain demonstrated the role SSI-1 plays in salt-induced nisin resistance, as the deletion mutant had lower resistance compared to the parent strain. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that inducible nisin resistance in L. monocytogenes can be influenced by environmental conditions as well as the genetic composition of the strain, which should be considered when selecting control measures for ready-to-eat foods. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes can grow in suboptimal conditions, including low temperature and high osmolarity, which makes it a safety concern for ready-to-eat foods. When using antimicrobial peptide inhibitors such as nisin, it is important to understand how food components can impact antimicrobial resistance across the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malekmohammadi
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - K K Kodjovi
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - J Sherwood
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - T M Bergholz
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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56
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Rashid R, Veleba M, Kline KA. Focal Targeting of the Bacterial Envelope by Antimicrobial Peptides. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:55. [PMID: 27376064 PMCID: PMC4894902 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are utilized by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. AMPs such as the human beta defensins, human neutrophil peptides, human cathelicidin, and many bacterial bacteriocins are cationic and capable of binding to anionic regions of the bacterial surface. Cationic AMPs (CAMPs) target anionic lipids [e.g., phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipins (CL)] in the cell membrane and anionic components [e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)] of the cell envelope. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms to modify these same targets in order to resist CAMP killing, e.g., lysinylation of PG to yield cationic lysyl-PG and alanylation of LTA. Since CAMPs offer a promising therapeutic alternative to conventional antibiotics, which are becoming less effective due to rapidly emerging antibiotic resistance, there is a strong need to improve our understanding about the AMP mechanism of action. Recent literature suggests that AMPs often interact with the bacterial cell envelope at discrete foci. Here we review recent AMP literature, with an emphasis on focal interactions with bacteria, including (1) CAMP disruption mechanisms, (2) delocalization of membrane proteins and lipids by CAMPs, and (3) CAMP sensing systems and resistance mechanisms. We conclude with new approaches for studying the bacterial membrane, e.g., lipidomics, high resolution imaging, and non-detergent-based membrane domain extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Rashid
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Veleba
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kimberly A Kline
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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57
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Supa-Amornkul S, Chantratita W, Srichunrusami C, Janchompoo P, Chaturongakul S. Listeria monocytogenes MerR-Like Regulator NmlRlm: Its Transcriptome and Role in Stress Response. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:369-78. [PMID: 27058117 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NmlR, a negative transcription regulator in the MerR family, is involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress response in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae. In this study, the objective was to characterize the role and the regulon of NmlR in the foodborne Listeria monocytogenes. An L. monocytogenes nmlR null mutant strain was constructed. Transcriptomes of strain 10403S wild type (WT) and ΔnmlRlm strains grown to the stationary phase were determined by mRNA sequencing. Differential expression analyses revealed 74 genes with altered expression levels (>9-fold difference), comprising 46 negatively and 28 positively regulated genes. Twenty-four NmlRlm-dependent genes overlap with the members of previously identified regulons of HrcA, a negative regulator of heat response in L. monocytogenes, and of alternative sigma factor σ(H). Phenotypic characterization revealed that the ΔnmlRlm strain survived significantly less than the WT under acid stress (pH 2.5 for 1 h) and oxidative stress (3% hydrogen peroxide for 1 h). In addition, nmlRlm deletion also resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.0005) of cell length and enhanced intracellular growth in a differentiated macrophage-like U937 cell line during entry into stationary phase. These findings indicate that NmlRlm is not only involved in oxidative stress response but also contributes to other characteristics such as acid tolerance and intracellular growth, either through direct regulation or co-regulation with other regulators such as HrcA and σ(H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirirak Supa-Amornkul
- 1 Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasun Chantratita
- 2 Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutatip Srichunrusami
- 3 Faculty of Science, Center for Emerging Bacterial Infections, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pareena Janchompoo
- 2 Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- 1 Faculty of Science, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand .,3 Faculty of Science, Center for Emerging Bacterial Infections, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
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58
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Listeria monocytogenes – An examination of food chain factors potentially contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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59
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Alves FC, Barbosa LN, Andrade BF, Albano M, Furtado FB, Marques Pereira AF, Rall VL, Júnior AF. Short communication: Inhibitory activities of the lantibiotic nisin combined with phenolic compounds against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in cow milk. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1831-1836. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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60
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Khosa S, Hoeppner A, Kleinschrodt D, Smits SHJ. Overexpression, purification and crystallization of the response regulator NsrR involved in nisin resistance. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:1322-6. [PMID: 26457525 PMCID: PMC4601598 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15016441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of Gram-positive bacteria produce a class of bacteriocins called `lantibiotics'. These lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized peptides that possess high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including clinically challenging pathogens, and are therefore potential alternatives to antibiotics. All lantibiotic producer strains and some Gram-positive nonproducer strains express protein systems to circumvent a suicidal effect or to become resistant, respectively. Two-component systems consisting of a response regulator and a histidine kinase upregulate the expression of these proteins. One of the best-characterized lantibiotics is nisin, which is produced by Lactococcus lactis and possesses bactericidal activity against various Gram-positive bacteria, including some human pathogenic strains. Within many human pathogenic bacterial strains inherently resistant to nisin, a response regulator, NsrR, has been identified which regulates the expression of proteins involved in nisin resistance. In the present study, an expression and purification protocol was established for the NsrR protein from Streptococcus agalactiae COH1. The protein was successfully crystallized using the vapour-diffusion method, resulting in crystals that diffracted X-rays to 1.4 Å resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Khosa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Astrid Hoeppner
- Crystal Farm and X-ray Facility, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Diana Kleinschrodt
- Protein Production Facility, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander H. J. Smits
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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61
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Tang S, Orsi RH, den Bakker HC, Wiedmann M, Boor KJ, Bergholz TM. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes to Growth on Vacuum-Packed Cold Smoked Salmon. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6812-24. [PMID: 26209664 PMCID: PMC4561693 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01752-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to survive and grow in ready-to-eat foods, in which it is likely to experience a number of environmental stresses due to refrigerated storage and the physicochemical properties of the food. Little is known about the specific molecular mechanisms underlying survival and growth of L. monocytogenes under different complex conditions on/in specific food matrices. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to understand the transcriptional landscape of L. monocytogenes strain H7858 grown on cold smoked salmon (CSS; water phase salt, 4.65%; pH 6.1) relative to that in modified brain heart infusion broth (MBHIB; water phase salt, 4.65%; pH 6.1) at 7°C. Significant differential transcription of 149 genes was observed (false-discovery rate [FDR], <0.05; fold change, ≥2.5), and 88 and 61 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively, in H7858 grown on CSS relative to the genes in H7858 grown in MBHIB. In spite of these differences in transcriptomes under these two conditions, growth parameters for L. monocytogenes were not significantly different between CSS and MBHIB, indicating that the transcriptomic differences reflect how L. monocytogenes is able to facilitate growth under these different conditions. Differential expression analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated that genes encoding proteins involved in cobalamin biosynthesis as well as ethanolamine and 1,2-propanediol utilization have significantly higher transcript levels in H7858 grown on CSS than in that grown in MBHIB. Our data identify specific transcriptional profiles of L. monocytogenes growing on vacuum-packaged CSS, which may provide targets for the development of novel and improved strategies to control L. monocytogenes growth on this ready-to-eat food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Tang
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Henk C den Bakker
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn J Boor
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Teresa M Bergholz
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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62
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Kang J, Wiedmann M, Boor KJ, Bergholz TM. VirR-Mediated Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes against Food Antimicrobials and Cross-Protection Induced by Exposure to Organic Acid Salts. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4553-62. [PMID: 25911485 PMCID: PMC4475887 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00648-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulations of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods with antimicrobial compounds constitute an important safety measure against foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. While the efficacy of many commercially available antimicrobial compounds has been demonstrated in a variety of foods, the current understanding of the resistance mechanisms employed by L. monocytogenes to counteract these stresses is limited. In this study, we screened in-frame deletion mutants of two-component system response regulators associated with the cell envelope stress response for increased sensitivity to commercially available antimicrobial compounds (nisin, lauric arginate, ε-polylysine, and chitosan). A virR deletion mutant showed increased sensitivity to all antimicrobials and significantly greater loss of membrane integrity when exposed to nisin, lauric arginate, or ε-polylysine (P < 0.05). The VirR-regulated operon, dltABCD, was shown to be the key contributor to resistance against these antimicrobial compounds, whereas another VirR-regulated gene, mprF, displayed an antimicrobial-specific contribution to resistance. An experiment with a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter fusion with the dlt promoter indicated that nisin does not specifically induce VirR-dependent upregulation of dltABCD. Lastly, prior exposure of L. monocytogenes parent strain H7858 and the ΔvirR mutant to 2% potassium lactate enhanced subsequent resistance against nisin and ε-polylysine (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that VirRS-mediated regulation of dltABCD is the major resistance mechanism used by L. monocytogenes against cell envelope-damaging food antimicrobials. Further, the potential for cross-protection induced by other food-related stresses (e.g., organic acids) needs to be considered when applying these novel food antimicrobials as a hurdle strategy for RTE foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihun Kang
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn J Boor
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Teresa M Bergholz
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
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63
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Abstract
The dramatic rise in the incidence of antibiotic resistance demands that new therapeutic options will have to be developed. One potentially interesting class of antimicrobials are the modified bacteriocins termed lantibiotics, which are bacterially produced, posttranslationally modified, lanthionine/methyllanthionine-containing peptides. It is interesting that low levels of resistance have been reported for lantibiotics compared with commercial antibiotics. Given that there are very few examples of naturally occurring lantibiotic resistance, attempts have been made to deliberately induce resistance phenotypes in order to investigate this phenomenon. Mechanisms that hinder the action of lantibiotics are often innate systems that react to the presence of any cationic peptides/proteins or ones which result from cell well damage, rather than being lantibiotic specific. Such resistance mechanisms often arise due to altered gene regulation following detection of antimicrobials/cell wall damage by sensory proteins at the membrane. This facilitates alterations to the cell wall or changes in the composition of the membrane. Other general forms of resistance include the formation of spores or biofilms, which are a common mechanistic response to many classes of antimicrobials. In rare cases, bacteria have been shown to possess specific antilantibiotic mechanisms. These are often species specific and include the nisin lytic protein nisinase and the phenomenon of immune mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine A Draper
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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64
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Affiliation(s)
- Máire Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland;
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;
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65
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Rodríguez-Rubio L, García P, Rodríguez A, Billington C, Hudson JA, Martínez B. Listeriaphages and coagulin C23 act synergistically to kill Listeria monocytogenes in milk under refrigeration conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 205:68-72. [PMID: 25897991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages and bacteriocins are promising biocontrol tools in food. In this work, two Listeria bacteriophages, FWLLm1 and FWLLm3, were assessed in combination with the bacteriocin coagulin C23 to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes. Preliminary results under laboratory conditions demonstrated that both antimicrobials act synergistically when they were applied in suboptimal concentrations. The combined approach was further assessed in milk contaminated with 5×10(4) CFU/ml L. monocytogenes 2000/47 and stored at 4 °C for 10 days. When used alone, phage FWLLm1 added at 5×10(6) PFU/ml, FWLLm3 at 5×10(5) PFU/ml and coagulin C23 at 584 AU/ml kept L. monocytogenes 2000/47 counts lower than the untreated control throughout storage. However, when used in combination, inhibition was enhanced and in the presence of FWLLm1 and coagulin C23, L. monocytogenes 2000/47 counts were under the detection limits (less than 10 CFU/ml) from day 4 until the end of the experiment. Resistant mutants towards phages and coagulin C23 could be obtained, but cross-resistance was not detected. Mutants resistant to FWLLm3 and coagulin C23 were also recovered from surviving colonies after cold storage in milk which may explain the failure of this combination to inhibit L. monocytogenes. Remarkably, the fraction of resistant mutants isolated from the combined treatment was lower than that from each antimicrobial alone, suggesting that synergy between bacteriocins and phages could be due to a lower rate of resistance development and the absence of cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio
- DairySafe Group, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pilar García
- DairySafe Group, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- DairySafe Group, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain
| | - Craig Billington
- Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - J Andrew Hudson
- Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Beatriz Martínez
- DairySafe Group, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
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66
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Rillig MC, Rolff J, Tietjen B, Wehner J, Andrade-Linares DR. Community priming--effects of sequential stressors on microbial assemblages. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv040. [PMID: 25873462 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes in nature are exposed to complex environmental stressors which challenge their functioning or survival. Priming is the improved reaction of an organism to an environmental stressor following a preceding, often milder stress event. This phenomenon, also known as cross-protection, predictive response strategy or acquired stress resistance, is becoming an increasingly well-established research topic in microbiology, which has so far been examined from the perspective of a single organism or population. However, microbes in nature occur as part of communities; thus it is timely to highlight the need to also include this level beyond the individual species in studies of priming effects. We here introduce a conceptual framework for such studies at the level of the microbial assemblage and also chart a way forward for empirical and theoretical study. We illustrate some of the elements of our framework with a simple simulation model. Given the dynamic habitat of many microbes, incorporating priming is important for a more complete understanding of microbial community responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rolff
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Biodiversity/Ecological Modeling, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannine Wehner
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana R Andrade-Linares
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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67
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Listeria monocytogenes develops no resistance to ferulic acid after exposure to low concentrations. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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68
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Bastos MDCDF, Coelho MLV, Santos OCDS. Resistance to bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 161:683-700. [PMID: 25406453 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are prokaryotic proteins or peptides with antimicrobial activity. Most of them exhibit a broad spectrum of activity, inhibiting micro-organisms belonging to different genera and species, including many bacterial pathogens which cause human, animal or plant infections. Therefore, these substances have potential biotechnological applications in either food preservation or prevention and control of bacterial infectious diseases. However, there is concern that continuous exposure of bacteria to bacteriocins may select cells resistant to them, as observed for conventional antimicrobials. Based on the models already investigated, bacteriocin resistance may be either innate or acquired and seems to be a complex phenomenon, arising at different frequencies (generally from 10(-9) to 10(-2)) and by different mechanisms, even amongst strains of the same bacterial species. In the present review, we discuss the prevalence, development and molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria. These mechanisms generally involve changes in the bacterial cell envelope, which result in (i) reduction or loss of bacteriocin binding or insertion, (ii) bacteriocin sequestering, (iii) bacteriocin efflux pumping (export) and (iv) bacteriocin degradation, amongst others. Strategies that can be used to overcome this resistance are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Carmo de Freire Bastos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, sala I-1-59, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Marcus Lívio Varella Coelho
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, sala I-1-59, Rio de Janeiro Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, INPI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olinda Cabral da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, sala I-1-59, Rio de Janeiro
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69
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Reyes J, Panesso D, Tran TT, Mishra NN, Cruz MR, Munita JM, Singh KV, Yeaman MR, Murray BE, Shamoo Y, Garsin D, Bayer AS, Arias CA. A liaR deletion restores susceptibility to daptomycin and antimicrobial peptides in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1317-25. [PMID: 25362197 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic that is used clinically against many gram-positive bacterial pathogens and is considered a key frontline bactericidal antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistant enterococci. Emergence of daptomycin resistance during therapy of serious enterococcal infections is a major clinical issue. In this work, we show that deletion of the gene encoding the response regulator, LiaR (a member of the LiaFSR system that controls cell envelope homeostasis), from daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis not only reversed resistance to 2 clinically available cell membrane-targeting antimicrobials (daptomycin and telavancin), but also resulted in hypersusceptibility to these antibiotics and to a variety of antimicrobial peptides of diverse origin and with different mechanisms of action. The changes in susceptibility to these antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides correlated with in vivo attenuation in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Mechanistically, deletion of liaR altered the localization of cardiolipin microdomains in the cell membrane. Our findings suggest that LiaR is a master regulator of the enterococcal cell membrane response to diverse antimicrobial agents and peptides; as such, LiaR represents a novel target to restore the activity of clinically useful antimicrobials against these organisms and, potentially, increase susceptibility to endogenous antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnethe Reyes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana Panesso
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Truc T Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine University of Houston College of Pharmacy
| | - Nagendra N Mishra
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Melissa R Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Jose M Munita
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Clinica Alemana de Santiago and Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile
| | - Kavindra V Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Michael R Yeaman
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Barbara E Murray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Yousif Shamoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Danielle Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Arnold S Bayer
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
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70
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Apolónio J, Faleiro ML, Miguel MG, Neto L. No induction of antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus aureusandListeria monocytogenesduring continuous exposure to eugenol and citral. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 354:92-101. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Apolónio
- IBB-Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade do Algarve; Faro Portugal
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Maria L. Faleiro
- IBB-Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade do Algarve; Faro Portugal
| | - Maria G. Miguel
- IBB-Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade do Algarve; Faro Portugal
| | - Luís Neto
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Study Center of Agricultural Sciences and Technology; Universidade do Algarve; Faro Portugal
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