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Koga VL, Scandorieiro S, Vespero EC, Oba A, de Brito BG, de Brito KCT, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors among Escherichia coli Isolated from Conventional and Free-Range Poultry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:618752. [PMID: 26579536 PMCID: PMC4633531 DOI: 10.1155/2015/618752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological contamination in commercial poultry production has caused concerns for human health because of both the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and the increase in antimicrobial resistance in bacterial strains that can cause treatment failure of human infections. The aim of our study was to analyze the profile of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from chicken carcasses obtained from different farming systems (conventional and free-range poultry). A total of 156 E. coli strains were isolated and characterized for genes encoding virulence factors described in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 15 antimicrobials, and strains were confirmed as extended spectrum of β-lactamases- (ESBLs-) producing E. coli by phenotypic and genotypic tests. The results indicated that strains from free-range poultry have fewer virulence factors than strains from conventional poultry. Strains from conventionally raised chickens had a higher frequency of antimicrobial resistance for all antibiotics tested and also exhibited genes encoding ESBL and AmpC, unlike free-range poultry isolates, which did not. Group 2 CTX-M and CIT were the most prevalent ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. The farming systems of poultries can be related with the frequency of virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Koga
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sara Scandorieiro
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliana C. Vespero
- Department of Pathology and Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina (UEL), Avenida Robert Koch, No. 60, Vila Operária, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Oba
- Department of Zootechnia, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Benito G. de Brito
- Laboratory of Bird Health, Fepagro Animal Health, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, No. 6000, 92990-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly C. T. de Brito
- Laboratory of Bird Health, Fepagro Animal Health, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, No. 6000, 92990-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata K. T. Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Hogan J, Mahjoub F, Larakeb AS, Vu Thien H, Hosany A, Bensman A, Grimprel E, Bingen E, Bonacorsi S, Ulinski T. Escherichia coli virulence patterns may help to predict vesicoureteral reflux in paediatric urinary tract infections. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:e460-5. [PMID: 26099938 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ultrasound and biological tools are used to predict high-grade vesicoureteral reflux, but other markers are needed to better select patients who need voiding cystography. Our aim was to determine whether studying Escherichia coli virulence factors would help to predict vesicoureteral reflux in patients with their first acute pyelonephritis. METHODS We included children presenting with E. coli-related acute pyelonephritis or cystitis. Vesicoureteral reflux was assessed by voiding cystography. Virulence factors were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression and the mean c-statistic test. RESULTS We included 198 patients: 30 with cystitis and 168 with acute pyelonephritis, including 46 with vesicoureteral reflux. High-grade reflux was associated with acute pyelonephritis caused by the E. coli lacking virulence factors papGII (82% versus 47%, p < 0.001) or papC (85% versus 53%, p < 0.001) or belonging to phylogenetic group A or B1. When we added genetic data (lack of papGII, fyuA and phylogenetic groups) to classical predictors of vesicoureteral reflux (ultrasound examination, gender, age), the ability to predict high-grade reflux increased, with the c-statistic rising from 0.88 to 0.93. CONCLUSION Bacterial virulence factors and clinical factors helped to predict high-grade reflux and may help to avoid unnecessary voiding cystographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Hogan
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyse Pédiatrique; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B); Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Paris France
| | - Farah Mahjoub
- Service de Microbiologie; Hôpital Robert Debré; AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Anis Skander Larakeb
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyse Pédiatrique; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B); Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Paris France
| | - Hoang Vu Thien
- Service de Microbiologie; Hôpital Armand Trousseau; AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Ahmad Hosany
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale; Hôpital Armand Trousseau; AP-HP; Paris France
| | - Albert Bensman
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyse Pédiatrique; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B); Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UMPC); Paris France
| | - Emmanuel Grimprel
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale; Hôpital Armand Trousseau; AP-HP; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UMPC); Paris France
| | - Edouard Bingen
- Service de Microbiologie; Hôpital Robert Debré; AP-HP; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - Stéphane Bonacorsi
- Service de Microbiologie; Hôpital Robert Debré; AP-HP; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - Tim Ulinski
- Service de Néphrologie et Dialyse Pédiatrique; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B); Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Paris France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UMPC); Paris France
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Koga VL, Rodrigues GR, Scandorieiro S, Vespero EC, Oba A, de Brito BG, de Brito KCT, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Evaluation of the Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Chicken Carcasses in 2007 and 2013 from Paraná, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:479-85. [PMID: 25974222 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequent use of antimicrobials in commercial poultry production has raised concerns regarding the potential impact of antimicrobials on human health due to selection for resistant bacteria. Several studies have reported similarities between extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains isolated from birds and humans, indicating that these contaminant bacteria in poultry may be linked to human disease. The aim of our study was to analyze the frequency of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors among E. coli strains isolated from commercial chicken carcasses in Paraná, Brazil, in 2007 and 2013. A total of 84 E. coli strains were isolated from chicken carcasses in 2007, and 121 E. coli strains were isolated in 2013. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect virulence genes (hlyF, iss, ompT, iron, and iutA) and to determine phylogenetic classification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using 15 antimicrobials. The strains were also confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli with phenotypic and genotypic tests. The results indicated that our strains harbored virulence genes characteristic of ExPEC, with the iutA gene being the most prevalent. The phylogenetic groups D and B1 were the most prevalent among the strains isolated in 2007 and 2013, respectively. There was an increase in the frequency of resistance to a majority of antimicrobials tested. An important finding in this study was the large number of ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from chicken carcasses in 2013, primarily for the group 2 cefotaximase (CTX-M) enzyme. ESBL production confers broad-spectrum resistance and is a health risk because ESBL genes are transferable from food-producing animals to humans via poultry meat. These findings suggest that our strains harbored virulence and resistance genes, which are often associated with plasmids that can facilitate their transmission between bacteria derived from different hosts, suggesting zoonotic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Koga
- 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil
| | - Gabriela R Rodrigues
- 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil
| | - Sara Scandorieiro
- 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil
| | - Eliana C Vespero
- 2 Departamento de Patologia e Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Oba
- 3 Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil
| | - Benito G de Brito
- 4 Laboratório de Saúde das Aves, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF)-Fepagro Saúde Animal , Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Kelly C T de Brito
- 4 Laboratório de Saúde das Aves, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF)-Fepagro Saúde Animal , Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil
| | - Renata K T Kobayashi
- 1 Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina , Paraná, Brasil
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Niu H, Cui P, Shi W, Zhang S, Feng J, Wang Y, Sullivan D, Zhang W, Zhu B, Zhang Y. Identification of Anti-Persister Activity against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Clinical Drug Library. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015; 4:179-87. [PMID: 27025620 PMCID: PMC4790332 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), but current antibiotics do not always effectively clear the persistent infection. To identify drugs that eliminate uropathogenic E. coli persisters, we screened a clinical drug library consisting of 1524 compounds using high throughput drug exposure assay in 96-well plates. Bacterial survival was assessed by growth on LB plates. We identified 14 drug candidates (tosufloxacin, colistin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin, octodrine, clofoctol, dibekacin, cephalosporin C, pazufloxacin, streptomycin and neomycin), which had high anti-persister activity. Among them, tosufloxacin and colistin had the highest anti-persister activity and could completely eradicate E. coli persisters in 3 days in vitro while the current UTI antibiotics failed to do so. Our findings may have implications for the development of a more effective treatment for UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Wanliang Shi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Lab, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - David Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research and Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Derakhshandeh A, Firouzi R, Motamedifar M, Arabshahi S, Novinrooz A, Boroojeni AM, Bahadori M, Heidari S. Virulence Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns among Various Phylogenetic Groups of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:428-31. [PMID: 25866111 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance patterns of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates and to investigate the frequency of several virulence genes, including fimH, papA, hlyD, cnf-1, sitA, and tsh, among various phylogenetic groups of UPEC isolates. A total of 85 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples from outpatients with a clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. A molecular approach to examine the antimicrobial resistance patterns was employed using PCR and the disc diffusion method. The detected frequencies of the virulence factor genes determined using PCR were: fimH (34.1%), papA (9.4%), hlyD (21.2%), cnf-1 (3.5%), sitA (15.3%), and tsh (27.1%). These results revealed that the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (74.1%), cefotaxime (CTX) (68.2%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC) (94.1%), and they were relatively less resistant to N (56.5%). According to these results, further investigation is needed to determine exactly whether or not SXT, CTX, and AMC are appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of UPEC infections in southern Iran. Although these results demonstrate that fimH is the most frequent virulence gene among UPEC isolates, the high prevalence of isolates that do not encode fimH (75.9%) and the relatively low frequency of isolates that carry other virulence genes require further investigation to clarify the role of the other potential virulence factors in the pathogenesis of these isolates.
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56
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Iranpour D, Hassanpour M, Ansari H, Tajbakhsh S, Khamisipour G, Najafi A. Phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains from patients with urinary tract infection in Iran based on the new Clermont phylotyping method. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:846219. [PMID: 25692147 PMCID: PMC4322292 DOI: 10.1155/2015/846219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2013, Clermont classified E. coli strains into eight phylogenetic groups using a new quadruplex PCR method. The aims of this study were to identify the phylogenetic groups of E. coli based on this method and to assess their antibiotic resistance patterns in Bushehr, Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 140 E. coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. RESULTS Phylogenetic group B2 was most predominant (39.3%), followed by unknown (27.1%), E (9.3%), C and clade I (each 6.4%), B1 (5%), F and D (each 2.9%), and A (0.7%). The most common antibiotic resistance was related to amoxicillin (82.1%) and the least to meropenem (0.7%). 82.14% of isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Antibiotic resistance was mainly detected in group B2 (50%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed the high prevalence of MDR E. coli isolates with dominance of group B2. About 25% of E. coli isolates belong to the newly described phylogroups C, E, F, and clade I. Such studies need to be done also in other regions to provide greater understanding of the antibiotic resistance pattern and the prevalences of different phylogenetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darioush Iranpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hassanpour
- Department of Genetics, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Hossein Ansari
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht Branch, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Khamisipour
- Department of Hematology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Akram Najafi
- Department of Marine Microbiology, The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
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Habibi M, Asadi Karam MR, Shokrgozar MA, Oloomi M, Jafari A, Bouzari S. Intranasal immunization with fusion protein MrpH·FimH and MPL adjuvant confers protection against urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Mol Immunol 2015; 64:285-94. [PMID: 25562574 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and Proteus mirabilis are among the most common infections in the world. Currently there are no vaccines available to confer protection against UTI in humans. In this study, the immune responses and protection of FimH of UPEC with MrpH antigen of P. mirabilis in different vaccine formulations with and without MPL adjuvant were assessed. Mice intranasally immunized with the novel fusion protein MrpH·FimH induced a significant increase in IgG and IgA in serum, nasal wash, vaginal wash, and urine samples. Mice immunized with fusion MrpH·FimH also showed a significant boost in cellular immunity. Addition of MPL as the adjuvant enhanced FimH and MrpH specific humoral and cellular responses in both systemic and mucosal samples. Vaccination with MrpH·FimH alone or in combination with MPL showed the highest efficiency in clearing bladder and kidney infections in mice challenged with UPEC and P. mirabilis. These findings may indicate that the protection observed correlates with the systemic, mucosal and cellular immune responses induced by vaccination with these preparations. Our data suggest MrpH·FimH fusion protein with or without MPL as adjuvant could be potential vaccine candidates for elimination of UPEC and P. mirabilis. These data altogether are promising and these formulations are good candidates for elimination of UPEC and P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
| | | | | | - Mana Oloomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Anis Jafari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran.
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Lüthje P, Brauner A. Virulence factors of uropathogenic E. coli and their interaction with the host. Adv Microb Physiol 2014; 65:337-72. [PMID: 25476769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) belong to the most common infectious diseases worldwide. The most frequently isolated pathogen from uncomplicated UTIs is Escherichia coli. To establish infection in the urinary tract, E. coli has to overcome several defence strategies of the host, including the urine flow, exfoliation of urothelial cells, endogenous antimicrobial factors and invading neutrophils. Thus, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) harbour a number of virulence and fitness factors enabling the bacterium to resist and overcome these different defence mechanisms. There is no particular factor which allows the identification of UPEC among the commensal faecal flora apart from the ability to enter the urinary tract and cause an infection. Many of potential virulence or fitness factors occur moreover with high redundancy. Fimbriae are inevitable for adherence to and invasion into the host cells; the type 1 pilus is an established virulence factor in UPEC and indispensable for successful infection of the urinary tract. Flagella and toxins promote bacterial dissemination, while different iron-acquisition systems allow bacterial survival in the iron-limited environment of the urinary tract. The immune response to UPEC is primarily mediated by toll-like receptors recognising lipopolysaccharide, flagella and other structures on the bacterial surface. UPEC have the capacity to subvert this immune response of the host by means of actively impacting on pro-inflammatory signalling pathways, or by physical masking of immunogenic structures. The large repertoire of bacterial virulence and fitness factors in combination with host-related differences results in a complex interaction between host and pathogen in the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Lüthje
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Firoozeh F, Saffari M, Neamati F, Zibaei M. Detection of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with cystitis and pyelonephritis. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 29:219-22. [PMID: 25449257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a common cause of ascending urinary tract infections including cystitis and pyelonephritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate virulence genes among Escherichia coli isolated from patients with cystitis and pyelonephritis. METHODS Between December 2012 and June 2013, 150 E. coli isolates from hospitalized patients with pyelonephritis (n = 72) and cystitis (n=78) were collected at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan. A PCR assay was used to evaluate the presence of virulence genes including pap, hly, aer, sfa, cnf, afa, traT, and pathogenicity island (PAI) markers in isolates. RESULTS Of the total 150 UPEC isolates, 130 (86.7%) were found to carry the virulence genes studied. Nineteen different virulence patterns were identified. The most prevalent virulence pattern was UPEC including traT-PAI operons. The pap, traT, aer, hly, and PAI operons were more prevalent among patients with pyelonephritis than cystitis, and the sfa, afa, and cnf genes were not detected in any of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS Higher virulence gene diversity was found among pyelonephritis UPEC isolates in comparison to cystitis UPEC isolates, showing that UPEC strains that cause pyelonephritis need more virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Firoozeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 87159-88141, Kashan, I.R. Iran.
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 87159-88141, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Foroogh Neamati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 87159-88141, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Zibaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, I.R. Iran
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Silverman JA, Schreiber HL, Hooton TM, Hultgren SJ. From physiology to pharmacy: developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. Curr Urol Rep 2013; 14:448-56. [PMID: 23832844 PMCID: PMC3797163 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-013-0354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, and over half of women report having had at least one in their lifetime. Nearly a third of these women experience recurrent UTI episodes, but the mechanisms of these recurrences are not fully elucidated. Frequent use of antimicrobials for treatment and prevention of UTIs and other infections has contributed to the evolution of multidrug-resistant microorganisms globally. This is a looming worldwide crisis that has created an urgent need for novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of UTIs. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms of recurrent UTIs, from both host and bacterial perspectives, will be paramount in developing targeted management strategies. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding recurrent UTIs in women, including progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of recurrence as well as emerging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Silverman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Henry L. Schreiber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Thomas M. Hooton
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Corresponding author: 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8230, Phone: 314-362-6772, Fax: 314-362-1998,
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