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Moodley Y, Ilancheran S, Samuel C, Vaghjiani V, Atienza D, Williams ED, Jenkin G, Wallace E, Trounson A, Manuelpillai U. Human amnion epithelial cell transplantation abrogates lung fibrosis and augments repair. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:643-51. [PMID: 20522792 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201001-0014oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic lung disease characterized by loss of lung tissue, inflammation, and fibrosis represents a major global health burden. Cellular therapies that could restore pneumocytes and reduce inflammation and fibrosis would be a major advance in management. OBJECTIVES To determine whether human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), isolated from term placenta and having stem cell-like and antiinflammatory properties, could adopt an alveolar epithelial phenotype and repair a murine model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. METHODS Primary hAECs were cultured in small airway growth medium to determine whether the cells could adopt an alveolar epithelial phenotype. Undifferentiated primary hAECs were also injected parenterally into SCID mice after bleomycin-induced lung injury and analyzed for production of surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, and SP-D. Mouse lungs were also analyzed for inflammation and collagen deposition. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS hAECs grown in small airway growth medium developed an alveolar epithelial phenotype with lamellar body formation, production of SPs A-D, and SP-D secretion. Although hAECs injected into mice lacked SPs, hAECs recovered from mouse lungs 2 weeks post-transplantation produced SPs. hAECs remained engrafted over the 4-week test period. hAEC administration reduced inflammation in association with decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1 and -6, and profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta in mouse lungs. In addition, lung collagen content was significantly reduced by hAEC treatment as a possible consequence of increased degradation by matrix metalloproteinase-2 and down-regulation of the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS hAECs offer promise as a cellular therapy for alveolar restitution and to reduce lung inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuben Moodley
- F.R.A.C.P. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, 50 Murray Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.
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Song L, Wei X, Zhang B, Luo X, liu J, Feng Y, Xiao X. Role of Foxa1 in regulation of bcl2 expression during oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in A549 type II pneumocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:417-25. [PMID: 19127412 PMCID: PMC2728276 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein A1 (Foxa1) is an evolutionarily conserved winged helix transcription factor that was traditionally considered to be involved in embryonic development and cell differentiation. However, little is known about the role of Foxa1 in oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis. In this study, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced apoptosis, upregulation of Foxa1, and the role of Foxa1 in the regulation of bcl2 gene expression were studied in A549 type II pneumocytes. H(2)O(2) upregulated Foxa1 mRNA and protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Overexpression of Foxa1 promoted apoptosis, whereas Foxa1 deficiency, induced by antisense oligonucleotides, decreased A549 cell apoptosis induced by H(2)O(2), as shown by flow cytometry. Moreover, Foxa1 overexpression decreased the expression of bcl2, while Foxa1 depletion increased the expression of bcl2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that Foxa1 bound to bcl2 promoter, and H(2)O(2) promoted its DNA binding activity. Luciferase reporter showed that Foxa1 also decreased the transcription activity of bcl2 promoter under normal conditions and oxidative stress. These results indicate that Foxa1 plays a pro-apoptotic role by inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptotic gene bcl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Song
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Wei
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinjing Luo
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junwen liu
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yansheng Feng
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Laboratory of Shock, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
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Saito RA, Watabe T, Horiguchi K, Kohyama T, Saitoh M, Nagase T, Miyazono K. Thyroid transcription factor-1 inhibits transforming growth factor-beta-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2783-91. [PMID: 19293183 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is expressed in lung cancer, but its functional roles remain unexplored. TTF-1 gene amplification has been discovered in a part of lung adenocarcinomas, and its action as a lineage-specific oncogene is highlighted. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event for cancer cells to acquire invasive and metastatic phenotypes and can be elicited by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) is the inverse process of EMT; however, signals that induce MET are largely unknown. Here, we report a novel functional aspect of TTF-1 that inhibits TGF-beta-mediated EMT and restores epithelial phenotype in lung adenocarcinoma cells. This effect was accompanied by down-regulation of TGF-beta target genes, including presumed regulators of EMT, such as Snail and Slug. Moreover, silencing of TTF-1 enhanced TGF-beta-mediated EMT. Thus, TTF-1 can exert a tumor-suppressive effect with abrogation of cellular response to TGF-beta and attenuated invasive capacity. We further revealed that TTF-1 down-regulates TGF-beta2 production in A549 cells and that TGF-beta conversely decreases endogenous TTF-1 expression, suggesting that enhancement of autocrine TGF-beta signaling accelerates the decrease of TTF-1 expression and vice versa. These findings delineate potential links between TTF-1 and TGF-beta signaling in lung cancer progression through regulation of EMT and MET and suggest that modulation of TTF-1 expression can be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy-Akira Saito
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and classification is important for clinical management. At least five subtypes can be identified based on unique gene expression patterns; this subtype classification is distinct from the histopathological classification. The transcription factor network(s) required for the specific gene expression signature in each of these subtypes is currently being elucidated. The transcription factor network composed of the oestrogen (estrogen) receptor alpha (ERalpha), FOXA1 and GATA3 may control the gene expression pattern in luminal subtype A breast cancers. Breast cancers that are dependent on this network correspond to well-differentiated and hormone-therapy-responsive tumours with good prognosis. In this review, we discuss the interplay between these transcription factors with a particular emphasis on FOXA1 structure and function, and its ability to control ERalpha function. Additionally, we discuss modulators of FOXA1 function, ERalpha-FOXA1-GATA3 downstream targets, and potential therapeutic agents that may increase differentiation through FOXA1.
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Li M, Li C, Liu YH, Xing Y, Hu L, Borok Z, Kwong KYC, Minoo P. Mesodermal deletion of transforming growth factor-beta receptor II disrupts lung epithelial morphogenesis: cross-talk between TGF-beta and Sonic hedgehog pathways. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:36257-64. [PMID: 18990706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806786200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathways occur in an overlapping manner in many morphogenetic processes. In vitro data indicate that the two pathways may interact. Whether such interactions occur during embryonic development remains unknown. Using embryonic lung morphogenesis as a model, we generated transgenic mice in which exon 2 of the TbetaRII gene, which encodes the type II TGF-beta receptor, was deleted via a mesodermal-specific Cre. Mesodermal-specific deletion of TbetaRII (TbetaRII(Delta/Delta)) resulted in embryonic lethality. The lungs showed abnormalities in both number and shape of cartilage in trachea and bronchi. In the lung parenchyma, where epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are critical for normal development, deletion of mesenchymal TbetaRII caused abnormalities in epithelial morphogenesis. Failure in normal epithelial branching morphogenesis in the TbetaRII(Delta/Delta) lungs caused cystic airway malformations. Interruption of the TbetaRII locus in the lung mesenchyme increased mRNA for Patched and Gli-1, two downstream targets of Shh signaling, without alterations in Shh ligand levels produced in the epithelium. Therefore, we conclude that TbetaRII-mediated signaling in the lung mesenchyme modulates transduction of Shh signaling that originates from the epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo evidence for a reciprocal and novel mode of cross-communication between Shh and TGF-beta pathways during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90093, USA
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Nóbrega-Pereira S, Kessaris N, Du T, Kimura S, Anderson SA, Marín O. Postmitotic Nkx2-1 controls the migration of telencephalic interneurons by direct repression of guidance receptors. Neuron 2008; 59:733-45. [PMID: 18786357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-1 plays key roles in the developing telencephalon, where it regulates the identity of progenitor cells in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) and mediates the specification of several classes of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons. Here, we have investigated the postmitotic function of Nkx2-1 in the migration of interneurons originating in the MGE. Experimental manipulations and mouse genetics show that downregulation of Nkx2-1 expression in postmitotic cells is necessary for the migration of interneurons to the cortex, whereas maintenance of Nkx2-1 expression is required for interneuron migration to the striatum. Nkx2-1 exerts this role in the migration of MGE-derived interneurons by directly regulating the expression of a guidance receptor, Neuropilin-2, which enables interneurons to invade the developing striatum. Our results demonstrate a role for the cell-fate determinant Nkx2-1 in regulating neuronal migration by direct transcriptional regulation of guidance receptors in postmitotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrina Nóbrega-Pereira
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, CSIC & Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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Tomita T, Kido T, Kurotani R, Iemura SI, Sterneck E, Natsume T, Vinson C, Kimura S. CAATT/enhancer-binding proteins alpha and delta interact with NKX2-1 to synergistically activate mouse secretoglobin 3A2 gene expression. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:25617-25627. [PMID: 18632661 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805140200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretoglobin (SCGB) 3A2 is a small molecular weight secreted protein predominantly expressed in lung airways. We previously demonstrated that the expression of SCGB3A2 is regulated by homeodomain transcription factor NKX2-1. Here we show that CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, C/EBPalpha and C/EBPdelta, regulate mouse Scgb3a2 gene transcription in vivo and in vitro by binding to specific sites located in the Scgb3a2 promoter and the activity is synergistically enhanced through cooperative interaction with NKX2-1. Six C/EBP binding sites lie within 500 bp of the Scgb3a2 gene promoter, of which two sites, located at -44 to -54 bp and -192 to -201 bp, appear to be critical for the synergistic activation of Scgb3a2 gene transcription with NKX2-1. All three transcription factors, C/EBPalpha, C/EBPdelta, and NKX2-1, are expressed in the epithelial cells of airways, particularly the bronchus, where high expression of SCGB3A2 is found. The expression of these transcription factors markedly increases toward the end of gestation, which coincides with the marked increase of SCGB3A2, suggesting the importance of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPdelta, and their synergistic interaction with NKX2-1 in mouse Scgb3a2 gene transcription and lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Reiko Kurotani
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0006, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iemura
- National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Biological Information Research Center, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, NCI, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
| | - Tohru Natsume
- National Institutes of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Biological Information Research Center, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Charles Vinson
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Zhou B, Zhong Q, Minoo P, Li C, Ann DK, Frenkel B, Morrisey EE, Crandall ED, Borok Z. Foxp2 inhibits Nkx2.1-mediated transcription of SP-C via interactions with the Nkx2.1 homeodomain. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 38:750-8. [PMID: 18239190 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0350oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor (TF) Foxp2 has been shown to partially repress surfactant protein C (SP-C) transcription, presumably through interaction of an independent repressor domain with a conserved Foxp2 consensus site in the SP-C promoter. We explored the role of interactions between Foxp2 and the homeodomain TF Nkx2.1 that may contribute to the marked reduction in SP-C expression accompanying phenotypic transition of alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) to type I (AT1) cells. Foxp2 dose-dependently inhibited Nkx2.1-mediated activation of SP-C in MLE-15 cells. While electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitations revealed an interaction between Foxp2 and the conserved consensus motif in the SP-C promoter, Nkx2.1-mediated activation of the 318-bp proximal SP-C promoter (which lacks a Foxp2 consensus) was attenuated by increasing amounts of Foxp2. Co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assays confirmed a physical interaction between Nkx2.1 and Foxp2 mediated through the Nkx2.1 homeodomain. Formation of an Nkx2.1 complex with an SP-C oligonucleotide was inhibited dose-dependently by recombinant Foxp2. These findings demonstrate that direct interaction between Foxp2 and Nkx2.1 inhibits Nkx2.1 DNA-binding and transcriptional activity and suggest a mechanism for down-regulation of SP-C (and probably other AT2 cell genes) during transition of AT2 cells to an AT1 cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyun Zhou
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Abstract
Homeobox genes are an evolutionarily conserved class of transcription factors that are key regulators of developmental processes such as regional specification, patterning, migration and differentiation. In both mouse and humans, the developing forebrain is marked by distinct boundaries of homeobox gene expression at different developmental time points. These genes regulate the patterning of the forebrain along the dorsal/ventral and rostral/caudal axes and are also essential for the differentiation of specific neuronal subtypes. Inhibitory interneurons that arise from the ganglionic eminences and migrate tangentially to the neocortex and hippocampus are dramatically affected by mutations in several homeobox genes. In this review, we discuss the identification, expression patterns, loss- and/or gain-of-function models, and confirmed transcriptional targets for a set of homeobox genes required for the correct development of the forebrain in the mouse. In humans, mutations of homeobox genes expressed in the forebrain have been shown to result in mental retardation, epilepsy or movement disorders. The number of homeobox genes currently linked to human nervous system disease is surprisingly low, perhaps reflecting the essential functions of these genes throughout embryogenesis or the degree of functional redundancy during central nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Londhe VA, Nguyen HT, Jeng JM, Li X, Li C, Tiozzo C, Zhu N, Minoo P. NF-kB induces lung maturation during mouse lung morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2007; 237:328-38. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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