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Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family in autoimmune diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:951-958. [PMID: 32195671 PMCID: PMC7176445 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) is widely expressed in the immune system. Abnormal expression of CMTM is associated with the development of various diseases. This article summarizes the relevant research on the role of the CMTM family in immune disorders. This information will increase our understanding of pathogenesis and identify promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The CMTM family is highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CKLF1 may be involved in the development of arthritis through its interaction with C-C chemokine receptor 4. CKLF1 is associated with the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and psoriasis. Both CMTM4 and CMTM5 are associated with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. CMTM1, CMTM2, CMTM3, and CMTM6 play a role in rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, Sjögren syndrome, and anti-phospholipid syndrome, respectively. The CMTM family has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases. Further research on the mechanism of the action of CMTM family members may lead to the development of new treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases.
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Eriksen EF, Shabestari M, Ghouri A, Conaghan PG. Bisphosphonates as a treatment modality in osteoarthritis. Bone 2021; 143:115352. [PMID: 32247817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is affecting large proportions of the population worldwide. So far, no effective disease modifying drug has been developed for this disease, limiting the therapeutic options to pain medications, physiotherapy and ultimately surgical approaches, mainly joint implant surgery. In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that bisphosphonates have the potential to become effective modalities for the treatment of OA. This group of pharmacological agents modulates crucial aspects of OA pathogenesis (subchondral bone turnover and loss, bone marrow edema formation, cartilage degeneration and synovitis), and have shown clear efficacy in animal models of OA. Human studies have, however, so far been disappointing with only one of six clinical studies showing clear short-term efficacy. Possible reasons for these discrepancies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Fink Eriksen
- Spesialistsenteret Pilestredet Park, Pilestredet Park 12A, NO-0176 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maziar Shabestari
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway, Sørkedalsveien 10A, 0369 Oslo, Norway; Vinterbro Tannlegesenter, Sjøskogenveien 7, 1407 Vinterbro, Norway
| | - Asim Ghouri
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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Aso K, Shahtaheri SM, McWilliams DF, Walsh DA. Association of subchondral bone marrow lesion localization with weight-bearing pain in people with knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:35. [PMID: 33468243 PMCID: PMC7816469 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) detected on MRI in knee osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with knee pain. The prevalence and progression of subchondral BMLs are increased by mechanical knee load. However, associations of subchondral BML location with weight-bearing knee pain are currently unknown. In this study, we aim to demonstrate associations of subchondral BML location and size with weight-bearing knee pain in knee OA. Methods We analyzed 1412 and 582 varus knees from cross-sectional and longitudinal Osteoarthritis Initiative datasets, respectively. BML scores were semi-quantitatively analyzed with the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score for 4 subchondral regions (median and lateral femorotibial, medial and lateral patellofemoral) and subspinous region. Weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing pain scores were derived from WOMAC pain items. Correlation and negative binomial regression models were used for analysis of associations between the BML scores and pain at baseline and changes in the BML scores and changes in pain after 24-month follow-up. Results Greater BML scores at medial femorotibial and lateral patellofemoral compartments were associated with greater weight-bearing pain scores, and statistical significance was retained after adjusting for BML scores at the other 4 joint compartments and other OA features, as well as for non-weight-bearing pain, age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) (medial femorotibial; B = 0.08, p = 0.02. patellofemoral; B = 0.13, p = 0.01). Subanalysis revealed that greater medial femorotibial BML scores were associated with greater pain on walking and standing (B = 0.11, p = 0.01, and B = 0.10, p = 0.04, respectively). Lateral patellofemoral BML scores were associated with pain on climbing, respectively (B = 0.14, p = 0.02). Increases or decreases over 24 months in BML score in the medial femorotibial compartment were significantly associated with increases or decreases in weight-bearing pain severity after adjusting for non-weight-bearing pain, age, sex, baseline weight-bearing pain, BMI, and BML at the other 4 joint compartments (B = 0.10, p = 0.01). Conclusions Subchondral BML size at the medial femorotibial joint compartment was specifically associated with the severity and the change in weight-bearing pain, independent of non-weight-bearing pain, in knee OA. Specific associations of weight-bearing pain with subchondral BMLs in weight-bearing compartments of the knee indicate that BMLs in subchondral bone contribute to biomechanically induced OA pain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02422-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Aso
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Shahtaheri
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Daniel F McWilliams
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - David A Walsh
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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Identification of abnormally methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways in osteoarthritis: a comprehensive bioinformatic study. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:3247-3256. [PMID: 33420869 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate abnormally methylated-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their related pathways in osteoarthritis (OA) by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis. METHODS Gene expression profiles of GSE51588 and GSE114007, and a gene methylation microarray data GSE63695 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. Abnormally methylated DEGs were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of these genes were subsequently performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built from STRING. Module analysis and hub gene identification were performed by using Cytoscape. Co-expression analysis was also constructed using the CEMiTool package. RESULTS In total, 133 abnormally methylated DEGs were identified, including 85 hypomethylation high-expression genes and 48 hypermethylation low-expression genes. Among biological processes and KEGG pathways of abnormally methylated DEGs, collagen fibril organization was enriched most frequently, and pathways of oxidative stress and aging were enriched, including HIF-1 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. In PPI networks, the hub genes of hypomethylation high-expression genes were COL1A1, COL3A1, COL1A2, COL5A2, LUM, MMP2, SPARC, COL2A1, COL6A2, and COL7A1, and the hub genes of hypermethylation low-expression genes were VEGFA, SLC2A1, LDHA, PDK1, and BNIP3. Combined with co-expression analysis, COL3A1, LUM, and MMP2 were the critical hypomethylation high-expression hub genes in medial tibia subchondral bone. CONCLUSIONS Our study implied abnormally methylated DEGs and dysregulated pathways in OA. Common methylation biomarkers included COL3A1, LUM, and MMP2, and we also found that THBS2 may serve as a novel biomarker in end-stage OA. Key Points • Abnormally methylated differentially expressed genes regulate osteoarthritis. • Hypomethylation high-expression genes were related to the extracellular matrix. • Hypermethylation low-expression genes were related to oxidative stress and aging. • COL3A1, LUM, and MMP2 were potential methylation biomarkers for osteoarthritis.
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Bone phenotypes in rheumatology - there is more to bone than just bone. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:789. [PMID: 33248451 PMCID: PMC7700716 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, all have one clear common denominator; an altered turnover of bone. However, this may be more complex than a simple change in bone matrix and mineral turnover. While these diseases share a common tissue axis, their manifestations in the area of pathology are highly diverse, ranging from sclerosis to erosion of bone in different regions. The management of these diseases will benefit from a deeper understanding of the local versus systemic effects, the relation to the equilibrium of the bone balance (i.e., bone formation versus bone resorption), and the physiological and pathophysiological phenotypes of the cells involved (e.g., osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes). For example, the process of endochondral bone formation in chondrocytes occurs exists during skeletal development and healthy conditions, but also in pathological conditions. This review focuses on the complex molecular and cellular taxonomy of bone in the context of rheumatological diseases that alter bone matrix composition and maintenance, giving rise to different bone turnover phenotypes, and how biomarkers (biochemical markers) can be applied to potentially describe specific bone phenotypic tissue profiles.
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Kiyomoto K, Iba K, Hanaka M, Ibe K, Hayakawa H, Teramoto A, Emori M, Yamashita T. High bone turnover state under osteoporotic changes induces pain-like behaviors in mild osteoarthritis model mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:806-818. [PMID: 32656644 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-020-01124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our previous studies demonstrated that a high bone turnover state under osteoporotic changes decreased the threshold of skeletal pain. Recent studies reported that the incidence of joint pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) in postmenopausal women was higher than that in males even with the same radiographic OA grade. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a high bone turnover state affects the induction of pain-like behaviors in mild OA model mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established mild OA model mice with accompanying osteoporotic changes by monosodium iodoacetate injection after ovariectomy. We assessed pain-like behaviors by von Frey test and paw-flick test; histological changes in OA joints; the expression of Runx2, Osterix, Osteocalcin, and Rankl; bone micro-architecture by μCT and measured serum tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase 5b levels in the model mice. RESULTS Pain-like behaviors in mice with OA and osteoporotic changes were significantly increased in comparison with those in OA mice without osteoporotic changes. The severity of histological OA changes did not differ significantly between the OA mice with and without osteoporotic changes. Bisphosphonate significantly improved pain-like behaviors accompanied with improvement in the high bone turnover state in the OA mice with osteoporosis, while it had no significant effect on pain-like behaviors in the OA mice without osteoporosis. In addition, the improvement was maintained for more than 4 weeks even after the discontinuation of bisphosphonate treatment. CONCLUSION These results indicated that a high bone turnover state under osteoporotic changes could affect the induction of pain-like behaviors in mild OA model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kiyomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Japan Health Care College, 17-3, West-6 Megumino, Eniwa, 061-1373, Japan
| | - Kousuke Iba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Megumi Hanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Koji Ibe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Trauma Center, Sapporo Tokushukai Hospital, 1-1, Oyachi East-1, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo, 004-0041, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hayakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Atsushi Teramoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Soul J, Barter MJ, Little CB, Young DA. OATargets: a knowledge base of genes associated with osteoarthritis joint damage in animals. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 80:376-383. [PMID: 33077471 PMCID: PMC7892386 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To collate the genes experimentally modulated in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) and compare these data with OA transcriptomics data to identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods PubMed searches were conducted to identify publications describing gene modulations in animal models. Analysed gene expression data were retrieved from the SkeletalVis database of analysed skeletal microarray and RNA-Seq expression data. A network diffusion approach was used to predict new genes associated with OA joint damage. Results A total of 459 genes were identified as having been modulated in animal models of OA, with ageing and post-traumatic (surgical) models the most prominent. Ninety-eight of the 143 genes (69%) genetically modulated more than once had a consistent effect on OA joint damage severity. Several discrepancies between different studies were identified, providing lessons on interpretation of these data. We used the data collected along with OA gene expression data to expand existing annotations and prioritise the most promising therapeutic targets, which we validated using the latest reported associations. We constructed an online database OATargets to allow researchers to explore the collated data and integrate it with existing OA and skeletal gene expression data. Conclusions We present a comprehensive survey and online resource for understanding gene regulation of animal model OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Soul
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Matthew J Barter
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
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Sun S, Yan Z, Shui X, Qi W, Chen Y, Xu X, Hu Y, Guo W, Shang P. Astilbin prevents osteoarthritis development through the TLR4/MD-2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13104-13114. [PMID: 33063931 PMCID: PMC7701562 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis has become one of the main diseases affecting the life of many elderly people with high incidence of disability, and local chronic inflammation in the joint cavity is the most crucial pathological feature of osteoarthritis. Astilbin is the main active component in a variety of natural plants such as Hypericum perforatum and Sarcandra glabra, which possess antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. At present, there is no study about the protective effect of Astilbin for osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Astilbin in human OA chondrocytes and mouse OA model, which was established by surgery‐mediated destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). In vitro, we found that Astilbin pre‐treatment inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced overproduction of inflammation‐correlated cytokines such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and suppressed overexpression of inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2). Astilbin, on the other hand, prevented the LPS‐induced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by down‐regulating MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinases 13) and ADAMTS5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5). Moreover, by inhibiting the formation of the TLR4/MD‐2/LPS complex, Astilbin blocked LPS‐induced activation of TLR4/NF‐κB signalling cascade. In vivo, Astilbin showed the chondro‐protective effect in the surgical‐induced OA mouse models. In conclusion, our findings provided evidence that develops Astilbin as a potential therapeutic drug for OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibo Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Shui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weihui Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinxian Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuezheng Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Shang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Vincent TL. Of mice and men: converging on a common molecular understanding of osteoarthritis. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2020; 2:e633-e645. [PMID: 32989436 PMCID: PMC7511206 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing burden of osteoarthritis in developed societies, target discovery has been slow and there are currently no approved disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. This lack of progress is due in part to a series of misconceptions over the years: that osteoarthritis is an inevitable consequence of ageing, that damaged articular cartilage cannot heal itself, and that osteoarthritis is driven by synovial inflammation similar to that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular interrogation of disease through ex-vivo tissue analysis, in-vitro studies, and preclinical models have radically reshaped the knowledge landscape. Inflammation in osteoarthritis appears to be distinct from that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Recent randomised controlled trials, using treatments repurposed from rheumatoid arthritis, have largely been unsuccessful. Genome-wide studies point to defects in repair pathways, which accords well with recent promise using growth factor therapies or Wnt pathway antagonism. Nerve growth factor has emerged as a robust target in osteoarthritis pain in phase 2-3 trials. These studies, both positive and negative, align well with those in preclinical surgical models of osteoarthritis, indicating that pathogenic mechanisms identified in mice can lead researchers to valid human targets. Several novel candidate pathways are emerging from preclinical studies that offer hope of future translational impact. Enhancing trust between industry, basic, and clinical scientists will optimise our collective chance of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Li W, Baumbach J, Larsen MJ, Mohammadnejad A, Lund J, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Tan Q. Differential long noncoding RNA profiling of BMI in twins. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1531-1541. [PMID: 32901529 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Many efforts have been deployed to identify genetic variants associated with BMI. Alternatively, we explore epigenetic contribution to BMI variation by focusing on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which represents a key layer of epigenetic control. Materials & methods: We analyzed lncRNA expression in whole blood of 229 monozygotic twin pairs in association with BMI using generalized estimating equations. Results & conclusion: Six lncRNA probes were identified as significant (false discovery rate <0.05), with BMI showing causal effects on the expression of the significant lncRNAs. Functional annotation of differential profiles identified Gene ontology biological processes including kidney development, regulations of lipid biosynthetic process, circadian rhythm, notch signaling, etc. Whole blood lncRNAs are significantly expressed in response to BMI variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Li
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Computational BioMedicine, Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Afsaneh Mohammadnejad
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lund
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Aso K, Shahtaheri SM, Hill R, Wilson D, McWilliams DF, Nwosu LN, Chapman V, Walsh DA. Contribution of nerves within osteochondral channels to osteoarthritis knee pain in humans and rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1245-1254. [PMID: 32470596 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subchondral bone may contribute to knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain. Nerve growth factor (NGF) can stimulate nerve growth through TrkA. We aimed to identify how sensory nerve growth at the osteochondral junction in human and rat knees associates with OA pain. METHODS Eleven symptomatic chondropathy cases were selected from people undergoing total knee replacement for OA. Twelve asymptomatic chondropathy cases who had not presented with knee pain were selected post-mortem. OA was induced in rat knees by meniscal transection (MNX) and sham-operated rats were used as controls. Twice-daily oral doses (30 mg/kg) of TrkA inhibitor (AR786) or vehicle were administered from before and up to 28 days after OA induction. Joints were analysed for macroscopic appearances of articular surfaces, OA histopathology and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) sensory nerves in medial tibial plateaux, and rats were assessed for pain behaviors. RESULTS The percentage of osteochondral channels containing CGRP-IR nerves in symptomatic chondropathy was higher than in asymptomatic chondropathy (difference: 2.5% [95% CI: 1.1-3.7]), and in MNX-than in sham-operated rat knees (difference: 7.8% [95%CI: 1.7-15.0]). Osteochondral CGRP-IR innervation was significantly associated with pain behavior in rats. Treatment with AR786 prevented the increase in CGRP-IR nerves in osteochondral channels and reduced pain behavior in MNX-operated rats. Structural OA was not significantly affected by AR786 treatment. CONCLUSIONS CGRP-IR sensory nerves within osteochondral channels are associated with pain in human and rat knee OA. Reduced pathological innervation of the osteochondral junction might contribute to analgesic effects of reduced NGF activity achieved by blocking TrkA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aso
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - S M Shahtaheri
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - R Hill
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mansfield Road, Sutton in Ashfield, NG17 4JL, UK
| | - D Wilson
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mansfield Road, Sutton in Ashfield, NG17 4JL, UK
| | - D F McWilliams
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - L N Nwosu
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mansfield Road, Sutton in Ashfield, NG17 4JL, UK
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Zhou J, Xiong W, Gou P, Chen Z, Guo X, Huo X, Xue Y. Clinical effect of intramuscular calcitonin compared with oral celecoxib in the treatment of knee bone marrow lesions: a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:230. [PMID: 32576210 PMCID: PMC7310554 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are a common finding in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), which are predictors of progression and pain related to cartilage damage in OA. The objective of the present research was to compare the short-term clinical effect of intramuscular calcitonin and oral celecoxib in treating knee BMLs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2016 and December 2018, the medical records of patients with knee BMLs treated by intramuscular calcitonin or oral celecoxib were reviewed. Visual analog scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used to assess knee pain and function, respectively. BMLs were assessed by MRI scans and were scored by the modified Whole-Organ MRI Score (WORMS). The safety of these two medications was also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 123 eligible patients who received calcitonin treatment (n = 66) or celecoxib treatment (n = 57) were included. All patients were followed up clinically and radiographically for 3 months. The VAS and WOMAC scores were lower statistically in calcitonin group than celecoxib group at 4-week and 3-month follow-up. For BMLs, the WORMS scores in the calcitonin group were significantly lower than the celecoxib group. Besides, statistically higher MRI improvement rates were found in the calcitonin group compared with the celecoxib group at 4-week follow-up (21.21% vs. 7.01%; P = 0.039) and 3-month follow-up (37.88% vs. 15.79%; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Intramuscular calcitonin 50 IU once daily demonstrated a better short-term effect for knee BML patients compared with oral celecoxib 200 mg twice per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wuyi Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Pengguo Gou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, 037006, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaoyang Huo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Cai G, Aitken D, Laslett LL, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Hill C, March L, Wluka AE, Wang Y, Antony B, Blizzard L, Winzenberg T, Cicuttini F, Jones G. Effect of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid on Tibiofemoral Cartilage Volume Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis With Bone Marrow Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020; 323:1456-1466. [PMID: 32315057 PMCID: PMC7175085 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A proof-of-principle study suggested that intravenous zoledronic acid may reduce knee pain and the size of bone marrow lesions in people with knee osteoarthritis, but data from large trials are lacking. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of intravenous zoledronic acid on knee cartilage volume loss in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and bone marrow lesions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A 24-month multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at 4 sites in Australia (1 research center and 3 hospitals). Adults aged 50 years or older with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and subchondral bone marrow lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled from November 2013 through September 2015. The final date of follow-up was October 9, 2017. INTERVENTIONS Intravenous infusion with either 5 mg of zoledronic acid in a 100-mL saline solution (n = 113) or a placebo saline solution (n = 110) at baseline and 12 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was absolute change in tibiofemoral cartilage volume assessed using MRI over 24 months (the minimum clinically important difference [MCID] has not been established). Three prespecified secondary outcomes were change in knee pain assessed by a visual analog scale (0 [no pain] to 100 [unbearable pain]; MCID, 15) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (0 [no pain] to 500 [unbearable pain]; MCID, 75) over 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months and change in bone marrow lesion size over 6 and 24 months (the MCID has not been established). RESULTS Of 223 participants enrolled (mean age, 62.0 years [SD, 8.0 years]; 52% were female), 190 (85%) completed the trial. Change in tibiofemoral cartilage volume was not significantly different between the zoledronic acid group and the placebo group over 24 months (-878 mm3 vs -919 mm3; between-group difference, 41 mm3 [95% CI, -79 to 161 mm3]; P = .50). No significant between-group differences were found for any of the prespecified secondary outcomes, including changes in knee pain assessed by a visual analog scale (-11.5 in the zoledronic acid group vs -16.8 in the placebo group; between-group difference, 5.2 [95% CI, -2.3 to 12.8]; P = .17), changes in knee pain assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (-37.5 vs -58.0, respectively; between-group difference, 20.5 [95% CI, -11.2 to 52.2]; P = .21), and changes in bone marrow lesion size (-33 mm2 vs -6 mm2; between-group difference, -27 mm2 [95% CI, -127 to 73 mm2]; P = .60) over 24 months. Adverse events were more common with zoledronic acid than with placebo (96% vs 83%, respectively) and consisted mainly of acute reactions (defined as symptoms within 3 days of administration of infusion; 87% vs 56%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and bone marrow lesions, yearly zoledronic acid infusions, compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce cartilage volume loss over 24 months. These findings do not support the use of zoledronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12613000039785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Cai
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Laura L. Laslett
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Hill
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lyn March
- University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anita E. Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benny Antony
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Tania Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Maturation of the equine medial femoral condyle osteochondral unit. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Rego-Pérez I, Durán-Sotuela A, Ramos-Louro P, Blanco FJ. Mitochondrial Genetics and Epigenetics in Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2020; 10:1335. [PMID: 32010192 PMCID: PMC6978735 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent years, the significant influence of mitochondria on osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease, has been consistently demonstrated. Not only mitochondrial dysfunction but also mitochondrial genetic polymorphisms, specifically the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, have been shown to have an important influence on different OA-related features, including the prevalence, severity, incidence, and progression of the disease. This influence could probably be mediated by the role of mitochondria in the regulation of different processes involved in the pathogenesis of OA, such as energy production, the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, apoptosis, and inflammation. The regulation of these processes is at least partially controlled by the bi-directional communication between the nucleus and mitochondria, which permits the regulation of adaptation to a wide range of stressors and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. This bi-directional communication consists of an “anterograde regulation” by which the nucleus regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and a “retrograde regulation” by which both mitochondria and mitochondrial genetic variation exert a regulatory signaling control over the nuclear epigenome, which leads to the modulation of nuclear genes. Throughout this mini review, we will describe the evidence that demonstrates the profound influence of the mitochondrial genetic background in the pathogenesis of OA, as well as its influence on the nuclear DNA methylome of the only cell type present in the articular cartilage, the chondrocyte. This evidence leads to serious consideration of the mitochondrion as an important therapeutic target in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rego-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Durán-Sotuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Ramos-Louro
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
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66
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Asadi F, Dhanvantari S. Stathmin-2 Mediates Glucagon Secretion From Pancreatic α-Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:29. [PMID: 32117057 PMCID: PMC7011091 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of glucagon hypersecretion from pancreatic α-cells is an appealing strategy for the treatment of diabetes. Our hypothesis is that proteins that associate with glucagon within alpha cell secretory granules will regulate glucagon secretion, and may provide druggable targets for controlling abnormal glucagon secretion in diabetes. Recently, we identified a dynamic glucagon interactome within the secretory granules of the α cell line, αTC1-6, and showed that select proteins within the interactome could modulate glucagon secretion. In the present study, we show that one of these interactome proteins, the neuronal protein stathmin-2, is expressed in αTC1-6 cells and in mouse pancreatic alpha cells, and is a novel regulator of glucagon secretion. The secretion of both glucagon and Stmn2 was significantly enhanced in response to 55 mM K+, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed co-localization of stathmin-2 with glucagon and the secretory granule markers chromogranin A and VAMP-2 in αTC1-6 cells. In mouse pancreatic islets, Stathmin-2 co-localized with glucagon, but not with insulin, and co-localized with secretory pathway markers. To show a function for stathmin-2 in regulating glucagon secretion, we showed that siRNA-mediated depletion of stathmin-2 in αTC1-6 cells caused glucagon secretion to become constitutive without any effect on proglucagon mRNA levels, while overexpression of stathmin-2 completely abolished both basal and K+-stimulated glucagon secretion. Overexpression of stathmin-2 increased the localization of glucagon into the endosomal-lysosomal compartment, while depletion of stathmin-2 reduced the endosomal localization of glucagon. Therefore, we describe stathmin-2 as having a novel role as an alpha cell secretory granule protein that modulates glucagon secretion via trafficking through the endosomal-lysosomal system. These findings describe a potential new pathway for the regulation of glucagon secretion, and may have implications for controlling glucagon hypersecretion in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Asadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Savita Dhanvantari
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Sofat N, Ejindu V, Heron C, Harrison A, Koushesh S, Assi L, Kuttapitiya A, Whitley GS, Howe FA. Biomarkers in Painful Symptomatic Knee OA Demonstrate That MRI Assessed Joint Damage and Type II Collagen Degradation Products Are Linked to Disease Progression. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1016. [PMID: 31680799 PMCID: PMC6803383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent arthritis worldwide, but the evolution of pain in relation to joint damage and biochemical markers are not well understood. We evaluated the relation between clinical pain measures and evoked pain in relation to structural damage and biochemical biomarkers in knee OA. Methods A cross-sectional study in people with knee OA and healthy controls was conducted. A total of 130 participants with advanced OA requiring total knee replacement (TKR) (n = 78), mild OA having standard care (n = 42) and non-OA controls (n = 6), with four drop-outs were assessed. Pain scoring was performed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC_P) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Pain sensitization was assessed by pain pressure thresholds (PPTs). Knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessed joint damage using the MRI Knee OA Score (MOAKS). Overall MOAKS scores were created for bone marrow lesions (BMLs), cartilage degradation (CD), and effusion/Hoffa synovitis (tSyn). Type II collagen cleavage products (CTX-II) were determined by ELISA. Results The advanced OA group had a mean age of 68.9 ± 7.7 years and the mild group 63.1 ± 9.6. The advanced OA group had higher levels of pain, with mean WOMAC_P of 58.8 ± 21.7 compared with the mild OA group of 40.6 ± 26.0. All OA subjects had pain sensitization by PPT compared with controls (p < 0.05). WOMAC_P correlated with the total number of regions with cartilage damage (nCD) (R = 0.225, p = 0.033) and total number of BMLs (nBML) (R = 0.195, p = 0.065) using body mass index (BMI), age, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as covariates. Levels of CTX-II correlated with tSyn (R = 0.313, p = 0.03), nBML (R = 0.252, p = 0.019), number of osteophytes (R = 0.33, p = 0.002), and nCD (R = 0.218, p = 0.042), using BMI and age as covariates. A multivariate analysis indicated that BMI and HADS were the most significant predictors of pain scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion People with both mild and advanced OA show features of pain sensitization. We found that increasing MRI-detected joint damage was associated with higher levels of CTX-II, suggesting that increasing disease severity can be assessed by MRI and CTX-II biomarkers to evaluate OA disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sofat
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.,St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vivian Ejindu
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Heron
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abiola Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soraya Koushesh
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lena Assi
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anasuya Kuttapitiya
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy S Whitley
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Franklyn A Howe
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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68
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Rice D, McNair P, Huysmans E, Letzen J, Finan P. Best Evidence Rehabilitation for Chronic Pain Part 5: Osteoarthritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111769. [PMID: 31652929 PMCID: PMC6912819 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain and disability in older adults, which most commonly affects the joints of the knee, hip, and hand. To date, there are no established disease modifying interventions that can halt or reverse OA progression. Therefore, treatment is focused on alleviating pain and maintaining or improving physical and psychological function. Rehabilitation is widely recommended as first-line treatment for OA as, in many cases, it is safer and more effective than the best-established pharmacological interventions. In this article, we describe the presentation of OA pain and give an overview of its peripheral and central mechanisms. We then provide a state-of-the-art review of rehabilitation for OA pain—including self-management programs, exercise, weight loss, cognitive behavioral therapy, adjunct therapies, and the use of aids and devices. Next, we explore several promising directions for clinical practice, including novel education strategies to target unhelpful illness and treatment beliefs, methods to enhance the efficacy of exercise interventions, and innovative, brain-directed treatments. Finally, we discuss potential future research in areas, such as treatment adherence and personalized rehabilitation for OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rice
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
- Waitemata Pain Service, Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Peter McNair
- Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Eva Huysmans
- Pain in Motion International Research Group.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussel, Belgium.
- Department of Public Health (GEWE), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
- I-CHER, Interuniversity Center for Health Economics Research, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Physiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Janelle Letzen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Patrick Finan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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69
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Lychagin A, Garkavi A, Islaieh O, Katunyan P, Bobrov D, Yavlieva R, Tselisheva E. Effectiveness of intraosseous infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the area of the bone marrow edema in osteoarthritis of the knee joint. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2019.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects both elderly people, for whom it is one of the main causes of disability, and people of active working age and is an urgent clinical and social problem of resistance of pain syndrome to therapy. The disease is characterized by both destruction of intra-articular and paraarticular structures, such as subchondral bone. While OA is an important sign of pathological changes believe the bone marrow edema (BME). This work examines the effect of BME on development osteoarthritis, and therapeutic approaches to the management of patients with OA. The aim of the study was to develop a method of treatment of BME in OA of the knee joint by locally intraosseous injection of autologous thrombotic-rich plasma (PRP) into the edema zone. In this study 17 patients with the diagnosis: Osteoarthritis II-IV Grade. according to the classification of Kellgren–Lawrence, in which areas of local inflammation in the form of BME were detected on MRI in the subchondral zone in accordance with the international classification of WORMS (Whole Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score). The mean age of patients was 41,7 ± 14,3 years, 10 of them were women and 7 men. Patients were treated with autological platelet-rich plasma under x-ray control injected from extra-articular intraosseous access in the area of BME. Evaluation of effectiveness of treatment performed by VAS, WOMAC and KOOS scales, before the introduction of autoplasma, after 1 and 3 months after the start of treatment. Three months after the manipulation, there was a statistically significant decrease in the intensity of inflammatory syndrome: for WOMAC by 17.5%, for KOOS by 19.4% and for VAS by 33,1% (p < 0,01). Thus, the efficiency of intraosseous Infiltration of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of patients with OA, accompanied by edema of the bone marrow in the subchondral zone, was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.V. Lychagin
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A.V. Garkavi
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - O.I. Islaieh
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P.I. Katunyan
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D.S. Bobrov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - R.H. Yavlieva
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E.Yu. Tselisheva
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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70
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Soul J, Hardingham TE, Boot-Handford RP, Schwartz JM. SkeletalVis: an exploration and meta-analysis data portal of cross-species skeletal transcriptomics data. Bioinformatics 2019; 35:2283-2290. [PMID: 30481257 PMCID: PMC6596879 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Skeletal diseases are prevalent in society, but improved molecular understanding is required to formulate new therapeutic strategies. Large and increasing quantities of available skeletal transcriptomics experiments give the potential for mechanistic insight of both fundamental skeletal biology and skeletal disease. However, no current repository provides access to processed, readily interpretable analysis of this data. To address this, we have developed SkeletalVis, an exploration portal for skeletal gene expression experiments. RESULTS The SkeletalVis data portal provides an exploration and comparison platform for analysed skeletal transcriptomics data. It currently hosts 287 analysed experiments with 739 perturbation responses with comprehensive downstream analysis. We demonstrate its utility in identifying both known and novel relationships between skeletal expression signatures. SkeletalVis provides users with a platform to explore the wealth of available expression data, develop consensus signatures and the ability to compare gene signatures from new experiments to the analysed data to facilitate meta-analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The SkeletalVis data portal is freely accessible at http://phenome.manchester.ac.uk. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Soul
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, MUK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, MUK
| | - Tim E Hardingham
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, MUK
| | - Ray P Boot-Handford
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, MUK
| | - Jean-Marc Schwartz
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, MUK
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Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Baboolal TG, Burska AN, Ponchel F, El-Jawhari JJ, Pandit H, McGonagle D, Jones E. Gene expression and functional comparison between multipotential stromal cells from lateral and medial condyles of knee osteoarthritis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9321. [PMID: 31249374 PMCID: PMC6597541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder. Multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) have a crucial role in joint repair, but how OA severity affects their characteristics remains unknown. Knee OA provides a good model to study this, as osteochondral damage is commonly more severe in the medial weight-bearing compartment compared to lateral side of the joint. This study utilised in vitro functional assays, cell sorting, gene expression and immunohistochemistry to compare MSCs from medial and lateral OA femoral condyles. Despite greater cartilage loss and bone sclerosis in medial condyles, there was no significant differences in MSC numbers, growth rates or surface phenotype. Culture-expanded and freshly-purified medial-condyle MSCs expressed higher levels of several ossification-related genes. Using CD271-staining to identify MSCs, their presence and co-localisation with TRAP-positive chondroclasts was noted in the vascular channels breaching the osteochondral junction in lateral condyles. In medial condyles, MSCs were additionally found in small cavities within the sclerotic plate. These data indicate subchondral MSCs may be involved in OA progression by participating in cartilage destruction, calcification and sclerotic plate formation and that they remain abundant in severe disease. Biological or biomechanical modulation of these MSCs may be a new strategy towards cartilage and bone restoration in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,University of A Coruña, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine group, Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy department; CIBER-BBN, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)-Centre of Advanced Scientific Researches (CICA), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thomas G Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agata N Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Clinical Pathology department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Contribution of synovial macrophages to rat advanced osteoarthritis pain resistant to cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Pain 2019; 160:895-907. [PMID: 30585984 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients experience chronic pain resistant to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors. However, the cells and molecules involved in this advanced OA pain remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a rat model of advanced knee OA by modification of the monoiodoacetate-induced OA pain model and examined involvement of synovial macrophages in advanced OA pain. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors, such as celecoxib and naproxen, and a steroid were ineffective, but an opioid and anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) antibody was effective for pain management in the advanced OA model. Similar to advanced OA patients, histological analysis indicated severe bone marrow damages, synovitis, and cartilage damage and an increase of macrophages with high expression of interleukin-1β, NGF, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 1, NOS2, and COX-2 in the knee joint of the advanced OA model. Intravenous injection of clodronate liposomes depleted synovial macrophages, which decreased the level of not only proinflammatory mediator interleukin-1β but also NGF in the knee joint, leading to pain suppression in the advanced OA model. These data suggest the involvement of synovial macrophages in advanced knee OA pain resistant to COX inhibitors by increasing proinflammatory mediators, and that drugs targeting synovial macrophages might have potent analgesic effects.
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73
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Aso K, Shahtaheri SM, Hill R, Wilson D, McWilliams DF, Walsh DA. Associations of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis With Histopathologic Features in Subchondral Bone. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:916-924. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Aso
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, and Kochi Medical School, Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - S. Mohsen Shahtaheri
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Roger Hill
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, and Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Sutton‐in‐Ashfield UK
| | - Deborah Wilson
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, and Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Sutton‐in‐Ashfield UK
| | - Daniel F. McWilliams
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - David A. Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, and Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Sutton‐in‐Ashfield UK
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74
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Xie M, Luo S, Li Y, Lu L, Deng C, Cheng Y, Yin F. Intra-articular tracking of adipose-derived stem cells by chitosan-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles in a rat osteoarthritis model. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12010-12019. [PMID: 35517009 PMCID: PMC9063530 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) hold great potential in cartilage tissue engineering due to their multipotency and ease of availability. MRI is an effective and noninvasive imaging approach to track cells and observe new tissue regeneration. It is essential to find a compatible and efficient imaging reagent without affecting the stemness of ADSCs. Herein, we developed chitosan-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-CS) as the T 2 contrast reagent with good cell compatibility and high cellular uptake efficiency and used IO-CS for ADSC intra-articular imaging in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model. TEM demonstrated the great morphology and size distribution of IO-CS nanoparticles with the size of 17 nm. Magnetization (29.4 emu per g) and MRI tests confirmed (R 2 of 184 mM-1 s-1) the feasibility of IO-CS nanoparticles as an MRI contrast reagent. In addition, the IO-CS nanoparticles showed good cellular compatibility and high labeling efficiency as compared to the commercial agent ferumoxytol. Moreover, incorporation of IO-CS nanoparticles did not alter the adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation ability of ADSCs. Furthermore, the MRI transverse R 2 maps showed a persistence time of the IO-CS nanoparticles in ADSCs of 6 days in vitro. Then, we investigated the imaging capability of the IO-CS nanoparticle-labeled ADSCs in vivo with MRI for 5 weeks. The histological studies demonstrated the intra-articular biodistribution of the IO-CS nanoparticles, including in the cartilage superficial layer, synovial sublining layer, periosteum and bone marrow cavity. They provided systemic distribution information of the ADSCs in the OA rat model. In summary, we developed an accessible and effective T 2 imaging reagent with good biocompatibility and maintenance of the stemness of ADSCs. This showed the potential translational application of IO-CS nanoparticles as an MRI reagent in cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Xie
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine 1800 Yuntai Road Shanghai 200123 China
| | - ShuLin Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Laiya Lu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Cuijun Deng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine 1800 Yuntai Road Shanghai 200123 China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine 1800 Yuntai Road Shanghai 200123 China
| | - Feng Yin
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai China
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75
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Delanois RE, Etcheson JI, Sodhi N, Henn RF, Gwam CU, George NE, Mont MA. Biologic Therapies for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:801-813. [PMID: 30612835 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of biologic therapies for the management of knee osteoarthritis has increased, despite insufficient evidence of efficacy. Our aim was to complete a systematic review and analysis of reports utilizing the highest level-of-evidence evaluating: (1) platelet-rich plasma injections (PRPs); (2) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); (3) adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs); and (4) amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs). METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were queried for studies evaluating PRP injections, BMSCs, ADSCs, and AMSCs in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Of 1009 studies identified within the last 5 years, 123 met inclusion criteria. A comprehensive analysis of all levels-of-evidence was performed, as well as separate analysis on level-of-evidence I studies. Level-of-evidence was determined by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons classification system. RESULTS Although the majority of PRP reports demonstrated improvements in pain and/or function, others revealed no substantial improvements. Similar findings were noted for BMSCs, ADSCs, and AMSCs. Assessments of BMSC studies yielded majority with positive clinical results, although short-lived. Studies on ADSCs revealed improved clinical outcomes, but equivocal radiographic outcomes. Studies evaluating AMSCs demonstrated improvements in pain and function, and decreased radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Despite some promising early results for PRP, BMSC, ADSC, and AMSC therapies, the majority of level-of-evidence I studies have multiple problems: small sample sizes, potentially inappropriate control cohorts, short-term follow-up, and so on. Despite the limitations, there still appears to be evidence justifying their use for knee osteoarthritis management. More high-level, larger human studies utilizing standardized protocols are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E Delanois
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopaedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer I Etcheson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopaedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nipun Sodhi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, NY
| | - Ralph F Henn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chukwuweike U Gwam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Nicole E George
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopaedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital - Baltimore, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael A Mont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York City, NY
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76
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Osteoarthritis year in review 2018: imaging. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:401-411. [PMID: 30590194 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a narrative review of the most relevant original research published in 2017/2018 on osteoarthritis imaging. METHODS The PubMed database was used to recover all relevant articles pertaining to osteoarthritis and medical imaging published between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2018. Review articles, case studies and in vitro or animal studies were excluded. The original publications were subjectively sorted based on relevance, novelty and impact. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The publication search yielded 1,155 references. In the assessed publications, the most common imaging modalities were radiography (N = 708) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (355), followed by computed tomography (CT) (220), ultrasound (85) and nuclear medicine (17). An overview of the most important publications to the osteoarthritis (OA) research community is presented in this narrative review. Imaging studies play an increasingly important role in OA research, and have helped us to understand better the pathophysiology of OA. Radiography and MRI continue to be the most applied imaging modalities, while quantitative MRI methods and texture analysis are becoming more popular. The value of ultrasound in OA research has been demonstrated. Several multi-modality predictive models have been developed. Deep learning has potential for more automatic and standardized analyses in future OA imaging research.
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Mettl3 Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation and Alternative Splicing of Vegfa in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030551. [PMID: 30696066 PMCID: PMC6387109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be a useful cell resource for developing biological treatment strategies for bone repair and regeneration, and their therapeutic applications hinge on an understanding of their physiological characteristics. N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal chemical modification of mRNAs and has recently been reported to play important roles in cell lineage differentiation and development. However, little is known about the role of m6A modification in the cell differentiation of BMSCs. To address this issue, we investigated the expression of N6-adenosine methyltransferases (Mettl3 and Mettl14) and demethylases (Fto and Alkbh5) and found that Mettl3 was upregulated in BMSCs undergoing osteogenic induction. Furthermore, we knocked down Mettl3 and demonstrated that Mettl3 knockdown decreased the expression of bone formation-related genes, such as Runx2 and Osterix. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the formation of mineralized nodules also decreased after Mettl3 knockdown. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that a vast number of genes affected by Mettl3 knockdown were associated with osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway appeared to be one of the most enriched pathways, and Western blotting results showed that Akt phosphorylation was significantly reduced after Mettl3 knockdown. Mettl3 has been reported to play an important role in regulating alternative splicing of mRNA in previous research. In this study, we found that Mettl3 knockdown not only reduced the expression of Vegfa but also decreased the level of its splice variants, vegfa-164 and vegfa-188, in Mettl3-deficient BMSCs. These findings might contribute to novel progress in understanding the role of epitranscriptomic regulation in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and provide a promising perspective for new therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration.
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78
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Maly K, Schaible I, Riegger J, Brenner RE, Meurer A, Zaucke F. The Expression of Thrombospondin-4 Correlates with Disease Severity in Osteoarthritic Knee Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020447. [PMID: 30669608 PMCID: PMC6359043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by a continuous degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). The expression of the extracellular glycoprotein thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) is known to be increased in injured tissues and involved in matrix remodeling, but its role in articular cartilage and, in particular, in OA remains elusive. In the present study, we analyzed the expression and localization of TSP-4 in healthy and OA knee cartilage by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot. We found that TSP-4 protein expression is increased in OA and that expression levels correlate with OA severity. TSP-4 was not regulated at the transcriptional level but we detected changes in the anchorage of TSP-4 in the altered ECM using sequential protein extraction. We were also able to detect pentameric and fragmented TSP-4 in the serum of both healthy controls and OA patients. Here, the total protein amount was not significantly different but we identified specific degradation products that were more abundant in sera of OA patients. Future studies will reveal if these fragments have the potential to serve as OA-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Maly
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Inna Schaible
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Rolf E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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79
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Delgado D, Garate A, Vincent H, Bilbao AM, Patel R, Fiz N, Sampson S, Sánchez M. Current concepts in intraosseous Platelet-Rich Plasma injections for knee osteoarthritis. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:36-41. [PMID: 30705529 PMCID: PMC6349647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative process that slowly destroys the joints producing pain and loss of function, and diminishes the quality of life. Current treatments alleviate this symptomatology but do not stop the disease, being total knee arthroplasty the only definitive solution. Among the emerging treatments, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) has shown promising results in the treatment of OA. However, to improve its effectiveness, it is necessary to approach this pathology targeting the whole joint, not only the cartilage, but including other tissues such as subchondral bone. The pathological processes that occur in the subchondral bone have influence of the cartilage loss, aggravating the disease. The combination of intraarticular infiltrations with intraosseous infiltrations regulates the biological processes of the tissues, reducing the inflammatory environment and modulating the overexpression of biomolecules that generate an aberrant cellular behavior. Although the first clinical results using this technique are promising, further research and developing adequate protocols are necessary to achieve good clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Delgado
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ane Garate
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Hunter Vincent
- UC Davis Medical Center, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ane Miren Bilbao
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rikin Patel
- Mercer-Buck Orthopaedics, Lawrence Township, NJ, USA
| | - Nicolás Fiz
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Steve Sampson
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Corresponding author. Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas San José, Beato Tomás de Zumarraga 10, 01008, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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80
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Li HZ, Lu HD. Transcriptome analyses identify key genes and potential mechanisms in a rat model of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:319. [PMID: 30551734 PMCID: PMC6295024 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-1019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the joints worldwide, but still the pathogenesis of OA is largely unknown. The purpose of our study is to clarify key candidate genes and relevant signaling pathways in a surgical-induced OA rat model. METHODS The microarray raw data of GSE8077 was downloaded from GEO datasets. GeoDiver were employed to screen differentially-expressed genes (DEGs). Enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed using Metascape. Construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identification of key genes were conducted using STRING, Cytoscape v3.6.0, and Centiscape2.2. Furthermore, miRDB and Cytoscape v3.6.0 were used for visualization of miRNA-mRNA regulatory network. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis for predicted miRNAs was undertaken using DIANA-miRPath v3.0. RESULTS Several DEGs (188 in comparison between OA and sham-operated group and 160 in comparison between OA and contralateral group) were identified. DEGs mainly enriched in vasculature development, regulation of cell migration, response to growth factor (Gene ontology), and ECM-receptor interaction (KEGG). Two comparison cohorts shared 79 intersection genes, and of these, Ccl2, Col4a1, Col1a1, Aldh1a3, and Itga8 were defined as the hub genes. Predicted miRNAs of seven DEGs from sub-networks mainly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The current study shows that some key genes and pathways, such as Ccl2, Col4a1, Col1a1, Aldh1a3, Itga8, ECM-receptor interaction, and MAPK signaling pathway may be associated with OA progression and act as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Ding Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
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81
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82
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Rego-Pérez I, Blanco FJ, Roemer FW, Guermazi A, Ran D, Ashbeck EL, Fernández-Moreno M, Oreiro N, Hannon MJ, Hunter DJ, Kwoh CK. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups associated with MRI-detected structural damage in early knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1562-1569. [PMID: 30036585 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected structural features are associated with increased risk of radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA). Specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups have been associated with incident ROA. Our objective was to compare the presence of MRI-detected structural features across mtDNA haplogroups among knees that developed incident ROA. DESIGN Knees from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) that developed incident ROA during 48 months follow-up were identified from Caucasian participants. mtDNA haplogroups were assigned based on a single base extension assay. MRIs were obtained annually between baseline and 4-year follow-up and scored using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS). The association between mtDNA haplogroups and MRI-detected structural features was estimated using log-binomial regression. Participants who carried haplogroup H served as the reference group. RESULTS The sample included 255 participants contributing 277 knees that developed ROA. Haplogroups included H (116, 45%), J (17, 7%), T (26, 10%), Uk (61, 24%), and the remaining less common haplogroups ("others") (35, 14%). Knees of participants with haplogroup J had significantly lower risk of medium/large bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in the medial compartment [3.2%, relative risks (RR) = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.64; P = 0.009] compared to knees of participants who carried haplogroup H [16.3%], as did knees from participants within the "others" group [2.8%, RR = 0.20; 95%CI: 0.08, 0.55; P = 0.002], over the 4 year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS mtDNA haplogroup J was associated with lower risk of BMLs in the medial compartment among knees that developed ROA. Our results offer a potential hypothesis to explain the mechanism underlying the previously reported protective association between haplogroup J and ROA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rego-Pérez
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - F J Blanco
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - F W Roemer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Guermazi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Ran
- The University of Arizona Arthritis Center, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, USA
| | - E L Ashbeck
- The University of Arizona Arthritis Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M Fernández-Moreno
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain; Centro de investigación biomédica en Red, Bioingenieria, Biomatereial y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - N Oreiro
- Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006. A Coruña, Spain
| | - M J Hannon
- Univ. of Pittsburgh Sch. of Med., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D J Hunter
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C K Kwoh
- The University of Arizona Arthritis Center, Tucson, AZ, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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83
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Loef M, van Beest S, Kroon FPB, Bloem JL, Dekkers OM, Reijnierse M, Schoones JW, Kloppenburg M. Comparison of histological and morphometrical changes underlying subchondral bone abnormalities in inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:992-1002. [PMID: 29777863 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subchondral bone abnormalities (SBAs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are observed frequently and associated with disease course in various musculoskeletal disorders. This review aims to map the existing knowledge of their underlying histological features, and to identify needs for future research. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines until September 2017, including all studies correlating histological features to on MRI defined SBAs in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and degenerative disc disease (DDD). Two authors independently retrieved articles and assessed study quality. RESULTS A total of 21 studies (466 patients) correlated histological features to SBAs in OA (n = 13), RA (n = 3), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n = 1) and DDD (n = 4). Reported changes in OA were substitution of normal subchondral bone with fibrosis and necrosis, and increased bone remodeling. In contrast, in RA, AS or DDD fibrosis was not reported and SBAs correlated to an increase in inflammatory cell number. In DDD necrosis was observed. Similar to OA, increased bone remodeling was shown in RA and DDD. The risk of bias assessment showed a lack in described patient criteria, blinding and/or adequate topographic correlation in approximately half of studies. There was heterogeneity regarding the investigated histological features between the different disorders. CONCLUSIONS Current studies suggest that SBAs correlate to various histological features, including fibrosis, cell death, inflammation and bone remodeling. In the majority of studies most quality criteria were not met. Future studies should aim for high quality research, and consistency in investigated features between different disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loef
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
| | - S van Beest
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - F P B Kroon
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - J L Bloem
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - O M Dekkers
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Reijnierse
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J W Schoones
- Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Löfvall H, Newbould H, Karsdal MA, Dziegiel MH, Richter J, Henriksen K, Thudium CS. Osteoclasts degrade bone and cartilage knee joint compartments through different resorption processes. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:67. [PMID: 29636095 PMCID: PMC5894194 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclasts have been strongly implicated in osteoarthritic cartilage degradation, at least indirectly via bone resorption, and have been shown to degrade cartilage in vitro. The osteoclast resorption processes required to degrade subchondral bone and cartilage—the remodeling of which is important in the osteoarthritic disease process—have not been previously described, although cathepsin K has been indicated to participate. In this study we profile osteoclast-mediated degradation of bovine knee joint compartments in a novel in vitro model using biomarkers of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation to assess the potential of osteoclast-derived resorption processes to degrade different knee joint compartments. Methods Mature human osteoclasts were cultured on ECMs isolated from bovine knees—articular cartilage, cortical bone, and osteochondral junction ECM (a subchondral bone-calcified cartilage mixture)—in the presence of inhibitors: the cystein protease inhibitor E-64, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001, or the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitor diphyllin. Biomarkers of bone (calcium and C-terminal type I collagen (CTX-I)) and cartilage (C2M) degradation were measured in the culture supernatants. Cultures without osteoclasts were used as background samples. Background-subtracted biomarker levels were normalized to the vehicle condition and were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey or Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test, as applicable. Results Osteochondral CTX-I release was inhibited by E-64 (19% of vehicle, p = 0.0008), GM6001 (51% of vehicle, p = 0.013), and E-64/GM6001 combined (4% of vehicle, p = 0.0007)—similarly to bone CTX-I release. Diphyllin also inhibited osteochondral CTX-I release (48% of vehicle, p = 0.014), albeit less than on bone (4% of vehicle, p < 0.0001). Osteochondral C2M release was only inhibited by E-64 (49% of vehicle, p = 0.07) and GM6001 (14% of vehicle, p = 0.006), with complete abrogation when combined (0% of vehicle, p = 0.004). Cartilage C2M release was non-significantly inhibited by E-64 (69% of vehicle, p = 0.98) and was completely abrogated by GM6001 (0% of vehicle, p = 0.16). Conclusions Our study supports that osteoclasts can resorb non-calcified and calcified cartilage independently of acidification. We demonstrated both MMP-mediated and cysteine protease-mediated resorption of calcified cartilage. Osteoclast functionality was highly dependent on the resorbed substrate, as different ECMs required different osteoclast processes for degradation. Our novel culture system has potential to facilitate drug and biomarker development aimed at rheumatic diseases, e.g. osteoarthritis, where pathological osteoclast processes in specific joint compartments may contribute to the disease process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1564-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Löfvall
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannah Newbould
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten H Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Richter
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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85
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Javaheri B, Caetano-Silva SP, Kanakis I, Bou-Gharios G, Pitsillides AA. The Chondro-Osseous Continuum: Is It Possible to Unlock the Potential Assigned Within? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:28. [PMID: 29619368 PMCID: PMC5871702 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification (EO), by which long bones of the axial skeleton form, is a tightly regulated process involving chondrocyte maturation with successive stages of proliferation, maturation, and hypertrophy, accompanied by cartilage matrix synthesis, calcification, and angiogenesis, followed by osteoblast-mediated ossification. This developmental sequence reappears during fracture repair and in osteoarthritic etiopathology. These similarities suggest that EO, and the cells involved, are of great clinical importance for bone regeneration as it could provide novel targeted approaches to increase specific signaling to promote fracture healing, and if regulated appropriately in the treatment of osteoarthritis. The long-held accepted dogma states that hypertrophic chondrocytes are terminally differentiated and will eventually undergo apoptosis. In this mini review, we will explore recent evidence from experiments that revisit the idea that hypertrophic chondrocytes have pluripotent capacity and may instead transdifferentiate into a specific sub-population of osteoblast cells. There are multiple lines of evidence, including our own, showing that local, selective alterations in cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling also indelibly alter bone quality. This would be consistent with the hypothesis that osteoblast behavior in long bones is regulated by a combination of their lineage origins and the epigenetic effects of chondrocyte-derived ECM which they encounter during their recruitment. Further exploration of these processes could help to unlock potential novel targets for bone repair and regeneration and in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Javaheri
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soraia P Caetano-Silva
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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86
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Muratovic D, Findlay DM, Cicuttini FM, Wluka AE, Lee YR, Kuliwaba JS. Bone matrix microdamage and vascular changes characterize bone marrow lesions in the subchondral bone of knee osteoarthritis. Bone 2018; 108:193-201. [PMID: 29331302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in the subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA) are suggested to be multifactorial, although the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Bone metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors associate with BML in epidemiologic studies. However, there are no studies at the tissue level investigating the relationship between these processes and BML. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BMLs in the tibial plateau (TP) of knee OA and bone matrix microdamage, osteocyte density and vascular changes. METHODS TP were obtained from 73 patients at total knee replacement surgery and BMLs were identified ex vivo in TP tissue using MRI. Comparator 'No BML' tissue was from matched anatomical sites to the BMLs. Quantitative assessment was made of subchondral bone microdamage, bone resorption indices, osteocyte cellularity, and vascular features. RESULTS Several key parameters were different between BML and No BML tissue. These included increased microcrack burden (p = .01, p = .0001), which associated positively with bone resorption and negatively with cartilage volume, and greater osteocyte numerical density (p = .02, p = .01), in the subchondral bone plate and subchondral trabeculae, respectively. The marrow tissue within BML zones contained increased arteriolar density (p = .04, p = .0006), and altered vascular characteristics, in particular increased wall thickness (p = .007) and wall:lumen ratio (wall thickness over internal lumen area) (p = .001), compared with No BML bone. CONCLUSIONS Increased bone matrix microdamage and altered vasculature in the subchondral bone of BMLs is consistent with overloading and vascular contributions to the formation of these lesions. Given the important role of BMLs in knee OA, these contributing factors offer potential targets for the treatment and prevention of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzenita Muratovic
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - David M Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Flavia M Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Anita E Wluka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yea-Rin Lee
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Julia S Kuliwaba
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
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87
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Boyde A. Evaluation of laser ablation microtomy for correlative microscopy of hard tissues. J Microsc 2018; 271:17-30. [PMID: 29485196 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablation machining or microtomy (LAM) is a relatively new approach to producing slide mounted sections of translucent materials. We evaluated the method with a variety of problems from the bone, joint and dental tissues fields where we require thin undecalcified and undistorted sections for correlative light microscopy (LM) and backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE SEM). All samples were embedded in poly-methylmethacrlate (PMMA) and flat block surfaces had been previously studied by BSE-SEM and confocal scanning light microscopy (CSLM). Most were also studied by X-yay microtomography (XMT). The block surface is stuck to a glass slide with cyanoacrylate adhesive. Setting the section thickness and levelling uses inbuilt optical coherence tomographic imaging. Tight focusing of near-infrared laser radiation in the sectioning plane gives extreme intensities causing photodisruption of material at the focal point. The laser beam is moved by a fast scanner to write a cutting line, which is simultaneously moved by an XY positioning unit to create a sectioning plane. The block is thereby released from the slide, leaving the section stuck to the slide. Light, wet polishing on the finest grade (4000 grit) silicon carbide polishing paper is used to remove a 1-2 μm thick damaged layer at the surface of the section. Sections produced by laser cutting are fine in quality and superior to those produced by mechanical cutting and can be thinner than the 'voxel' in most laboratory X-ray microtomography systems. The present extensive pilot studies have shown that it works to produce samples which we can study by both light and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Weber A, Chan PMB, Wen C. Do immune cells lead the way in subchondral bone disturbance in osteoarthritis? PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 148:21-31. [PMID: 29277342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disorder, and non-cartilage articular pathologies, e.g. subchondral bone disturbance, contribute substantially to the onset and progression of the disease. In the early stage of OA, abnormal mechanical loading leads to micro-cracks or micro-fractures that trigger a reparative process with angiogenesis and inflammatory response. With the progression of disease, cystic lesion, sclerosis and osteophytosis occur at tissue level, and osteoblast dysfunction at cellular level. Osteoblasts derived from OA sclerotic bone produce increased amount of type I collagen with aberrant Col1A1/A2 ratio and poor mineralization capability. The coupling mechanism of bone resorption with formation is also impaired with elevated osteoclastic activities. All these suggest a view that OA subchondral bone presents a defective fracture repair process in a chronic course. It has been found that T and B cells, the major effectors in the adaptive immunity, take part in the hard callus formation at fracture site in addition to the initial phase of haematoma and inflammation. Infiltration of lymphocytes could interplay with osteoclasts and osteoblasts via a direct physical cell-to-cell contact. Several lines of evidence have consistently shown the involvement of T and B cells in osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in arthritic joints. Yet the biological link between immune cells and osteoblastic function remains ambiguous. This review will discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of immune cells in bone remodelling, and address its implications in emerging basic and clinical investigations into the pathogenesis and management of subchondral bone pathologies in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Pok Man Boris Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
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McGonagle D, Baboolal TG, Jones E. Native joint-resident mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:719-730. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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