51
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Peng L, Chen Z, Chen T, Lei L, Long Z, Liu M, Deng Q, Yuan H, Zou G, Wan L, Wang C, Peng H, Shi Y, Wang P, Peng Y, Wang S, He L, Xie Y, Tang Z, Wan N, Gong Y, Hou X, Shen L, Xia K, Li J, Chen C, Zhang Z, Qiu R, Tang B, Jiang H. Prediction of the Age at Onset of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 with Machine Learning. Mov Disord 2020; 36:216-224. [PMID: 32991004 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In polyglutamine (polyQ) disease, the investigation of the prediction of a patient's age at onset (AAO) facilitates the development of disease-modifying intervention and underpins the delay of disease onset and progression. Few polyQ disease studies have evaluated AAO predicted by machine-learning algorithms and linear regression methods. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a machine-learning model for AAO prediction in the largest spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) population from mainland China. METHODS In this observational study, we introduced an innovative approach by systematically comparing the performance of 7 machine-learning algorithms with linear regression to explore AAO prediction in SCA3/MJD using CAG expansions of 10 polyQ-related genes, sex, and parental origin. RESULTS Similar prediction performance of testing set and training set in each models were identified and few overfitting of training data was observed. Overall, the machine-learning-based XGBoost model exhibited the most favorable performance in AAO prediction over the traditional linear regression method and other 6 machine-learning algorithms for the training set and testing set. The optimal XGBoost model achieved mean absolute error, root mean square error, and median absolute error of 5.56, 7.13, 4.15 years, respectively, in testing set 1, with mean absolute error (4.78 years), root mean square error (6.31 years), and median absolute error (3.59 years) in testing set 2. CONCLUSION Machine-learning algorithms can be used to predict AAO in patients with SCA3/MJD. The optimal XGBoost algorithm can provide a good reference for the establishment and optimization of prediction models for SCA3/MJD or other polyQ diseases. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiankai Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijing Lei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangdong Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huirong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Puzhi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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52
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Jacobi H, du Montcel ST, Romanzetti S, Harmuth F, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Rakowicz M, Makowicz G, Durr A, Monin ML, Filla A, Roca A, Schöls L, Hengel H, Infante J, Kang JS, Timmann D, Casali C, Masciullo M, Baliko L, Melegh B, Nachbauer W, Bürk-Gergs K, Schulz JB, Riess O, Reetz K, Klockgether T. Conversion of individuals at risk for spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, and 6 to manifest ataxia (RISCA): a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:738-747. [PMID: 32822634 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to study the conversion to manifest ataxia among apparently healthy carriers of mutations associated with the most common SCAs (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, and SCA6), and the sensitivity of clinical and functional measures to detect change in these individuals. METHODS In this prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study, based at 14 referral centres in seven European countries, we enrolled children or siblings of patients with SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6. Eligible individuals were those without ataxia, defined by a score on the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) of less than 3; participants had to be aged 18-50 years for children or siblings of patients with SCA1, SCA2, or SCA3, and 35-70 years for children or siblings of patients with SCA6. Study visits took place at recruitment and after 2, 4, and 6 years (plus or minus 3 months). We did genetic testing to identify mutation carriers, with results concealed to the participant and clinical investigator. We assessed patients with clinical scales, questionnaires of patient-reported outcome measures, a rating of the examiner's confidence of presence of ataxia, and performance-based coordination tests. Conversion to ataxia was defined by an SARA score of 3 or higher. We analysed the association of factors at baseline with conversion to ataxia and the evolution of outcome parameters on temporal scales (time from inclusion and time to predicted age at ataxia onset) in the context of mutation status and conversion status. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01037777. FINDINGS Between Sept 13, 2008, and Oct 28, 2015, 302 participants were enrolled. We analysed data for 252 participants with at least one follow-up visit. 83 (33%) participants were from families affected by SCA1, 99 (39%) by SCA2, 46 (18%) by SCA3, and 24 (10%) by SCA6. In participants who carried SCA mutations, 26 (52%) of 50 SCA1 carriers, 22 (59%) of 37 SCA2 carriers, 11 (42%) of 26 SCA3 carriers, and two (13%) of 15 SCA6 carriers converted to ataxia. One (3%) of 33 SCA1 non-carriers and one (2%) of 62 SCA2 non-carriers converted to ataxia. Owing to the small number of people who met our criteria for ataxia, subsequent analyses could not be done in carriers of the SCA6 mutation. Baseline factors associated with conversion were age (hazard ratio 1·13 [95% CI 1·03-1·24]; p=0·011), CAG repeat length (1·25 [1·11-1·41]; p=0·0002), and ataxia confidence rating (1·72 [1·23-2·41]; p=0·0015) for SCA1; age (1·08 [1·02-1·14]; p=0·0077) and CAG repeat length (1·65 [1·27-2·13]; p=0·0001) for SCA2; and age (1·27 [1·09-1·50]; p=0·0031), confidence rating (2·60 [1·23-5·47]; p=0·012), and double vision (14·83 [2·15-102·44]; p=0·0063) for SCA3. From the time of inclusion, the SARA scores of SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers increased, whereas they remained stable in non-carriers. On a timescale defined by the predicted time of ataxia onset, SARA progression in SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers was non-linear, with marginal progression before ataxia and increasing progression after ataxia onset. INTERPRETATION Our study provides quantitative data on the conversion of non-ataxic SCA1, SCA2, and SCA3 mutation carriers to manifest ataxia. Our data could prove useful for the design of preventive trials aimed at delaying the onset of ataxia by aiding sample size calculations and stratification of study participants. FUNDING European Research Area Network for Research Programmes on Rare Diseases, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Italian Ministry of Health, European Community's Seventh Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Jacobi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sophie Tezenas du Montcel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut, Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandro Romanzetti
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Harmuth
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- First Neurological Department, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Makowicz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Lorraine Monin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jon Infante
- Neurology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Santander, Spain
| | - Jun-Suk Kang
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laszlo Baliko
- Department of Neurology, Magyar Imre Hospital, Ajka, Hungary
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs and Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Nachbauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Bürk-Gergs
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kliniken Schmieder Stuttgart-Gerlingen, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Rare Disease Center Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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53
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Peng Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Peng H, Wan N, Zhang J, Tang J, Wang P, Xie Y, Cai Q, Liu S, Zhang X, Wang C, Yuan H, Li T, Wan L, Shi Y, Qiu R, Klockgether T, Tang B, Liao W, Jiang H. Association of serum neurofilament light and disease severity in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Neurology 2020; 95:e2977-e2987. [PMID: 32817181 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate serum neurofilament light protein (sNfL) levels in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and to determine whether they are associated with disease severity. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 185 healthy controls and 235 ATXN3 mutation carriers (17 asymptomatic stage, 20 preclinical stage, and 198 ataxic stage). We measured sNfL levels with the single molecule array (Simoa) platform. Clinical disease severity was assessed using the Scale of Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the Inventory of Nonataxia Signs (INAS). In a subgroup of 50 ataxic stage patients, we further evaluated the gray matter volume and the integrity of white matter fibers by MRI. RESULTS sNfL concentrations were elevated in asymptomatic, preclinical, and ataxic ATXN3 mutation carriers compared to controls (12.18 [10.20-13.92], 21.84 [18.37-23.45], 36.06 [30.04-45.90], and 8.24 [5.92-10.84] pg/mL, median [interquartile range], respectively, p < 0.001). sNfL correlated with SARA (r = 0.406, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.284-0.515, p < 0.0001) and INAS (r = 0.375, 95% CI 0.250-0.487, p < 0.0001), and remained significant after adjustment for age and CAG repeats. In addition, we observed negative correlations of the sNfL with gray matter volume in the left precentral gyrus and the left paracentral lobule as well as with the mean diffusivity in widespread white matter tracts. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that sNfL levels are increased in SCA3 and are associated with clinical disease severity, which supports sNfL as a biomarker for disease severity in SCA3. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that in patients with SCA3, sNfL elevations are associated with clinical disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Youming Zhang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhao Chen
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Huirong Peng
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Na Wan
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jingyi Tang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Puzhi Wang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yue Xie
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Qiyong Cai
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Shaohui Liu
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Chunrong Wang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Tianjiao Li
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Linlin Wan
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuting Shi
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Rong Qiu
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Beisha Tang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany
| | - Weihua Liao
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hong Jiang
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.P., Z.C., H.P., N.W., P.W., Y.X., H.Y., T.L., L.W., Y.S., B.T., H.J.), Radiology (Y.Z., J.T., W.L.), and Pathology (C.W.), Health Management Center (S.L., X.Z.), and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (B.T., W.L., H.J.), Xiangya Hospital, and School of Computer Science and Engineering (R.Q.), Laboratory of Medical Genetics (B.T., H.J.), and Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders (B.T., H.J.), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Human Genetics (J.Z.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine (ICBN) (Q.C.), Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology (T.K.), University of Bonn; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (T.K.), Bonn, Germany.
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54
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Wilke C, Haas E, Reetz K, Faber J, Garcia‐Moreno H, Santana MM, van de Warrenburg B, Hengel H, Lima M, Filla A, Durr A, Melegh B, Masciullo M, Infante J, Giunti P, Neumann M, de Vries J, Pereira de Almeida L, Rakowicz M, Jacobi H, Schüle R, Kaeser SA, Kuhle J, Klockgether T, Schöls L, Barro C, Hübener‐Schmid J, Synofzik M. Neurofilaments in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: blood biomarkers at the preataxic and ataxic stage in humans and mice. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11803. [PMID: 32510847 PMCID: PMC7338806 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With molecular treatments coming into reach for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), easily accessible, cross-species validated biomarkers for human and preclinical trials are warranted, particularly for the preataxic disease stage. We assessed serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNfH) in ataxic and preataxic subjects of two independent multicentric SCA3 cohorts and in a SCA3 knock-in mouse model. Ataxic SCA3 subjects showed increased levels of both NfL and pNfH. In preataxic subjects, NfL levels increased with proximity to the individual expected onset of ataxia, with significant NfL elevations already 7.5 years before onset. Cross-sectional NfL levels correlated with both disease severity and longitudinal disease progression. Blood NfL and pNfH increases in human SCA3 were each paralleled by similar changes in SCA3 knock-in mice, here also starting already at the presymptomatic stage, closely following ataxin-3 aggregation and preceding Purkinje cell loss in the brain. Blood neurofilaments, particularly NfL, might thus provide easily accessible, cross-species validated biomarkers in both ataxic and preataxic SCA3, associated with earliest neuropathological changes, and serve as progression, proximity-to-onset and, potentially, treatment-response markers in both human and preclinical SCA3 trials.
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55
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Zhang S, Williamson NA, Duvick L, Lee A, Orr HT, Korlin-Downs A, Yang P, Mok YF, Jans DA, Bogoyevitch MA. The ataxin-1 interactome reveals direct connection with multiple disrupted nuclear transport pathways. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3343. [PMID: 32620905 PMCID: PMC7334205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract form of ataxin-1 drives disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Although known to form distinctive intranuclear bodies, the cellular pathways and processes that polyQ-ataxin-1 influences remain poorly understood. Here we identify the direct and proximal partners constituting the interactome of ataxin-1[85Q] in Neuro-2a cells, pathways analyses indicating a significant enrichment of essential nuclear transporters, pointing to disruptions in nuclear transport processes in the presence of elevated levels of ataxin-1. Our direct assessments of nuclear transporters and their cargoes confirm these observations, revealing disrupted trafficking often with relocalisation of transporters and/or cargoes to ataxin-1[85Q] nuclear bodies. Analogous changes in importin-β1, nucleoporin 98 and nucleoporin 62 nuclear rim staining are observed in Purkinje cells of ATXN1[82Q] mice. The results highlight a disruption of multiple essential nuclear protein trafficking pathways by polyQ-ataxin-1, a key contribution to furthering understanding of pathogenic mechanisms initiated by polyQ tract proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa Duvick
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alexander Lee
- Nuclear Signalling Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Austin Korlin-Downs
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Praseuth Yang
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yee-Foong Mok
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signalling Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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56
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Park YW, Joers JM, Guo B, Hutter D, Bushara K, Adanyeguh IM, Eberly LE, Öz G, Lenglet C. Assessment of Cerebral and Cerebellar White Matter Microstructure in Spinocerebellar Ataxias 1, 2, 3, and 6 Using Diffusion MRI. Front Neurol 2020; 11:411. [PMID: 32581994 PMCID: PMC7287151 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of imaging biomarkers for rare neurodegenerative diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is important to non-invasively track progression of disease pathology and monitor response to interventions. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) has been shown to identify cross-sectional degeneration of white matter (WM) microstructure and connectivity between healthy controls and patients with SCAs, using various analysis methods. In this paper, we present dMRI data in SCAs type 1, 2, 3, and 6 and matched controls, including longitudinal acquisitions at 12–24-month intervals in a subset of the cohort, with up to 5 visits. The SCA1 cohort also contained 3 premanifest patients at baseline, with 2 showing ataxia symptoms at the time of the follow-up scans. We focused on two aspects: first, multimodal evaluation of the dMRI data in a cross-sectional approach, and second, longitudinal trends in dMRI data in SCAs. Three different pipelines were used to perform cross-sectional analyses in WM: region of interest (ROI), tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), and fixel-based analysis (FBA). We further analyzed longitudinal changes in dMRI metrics throughout the brain using ROI-based analysis. Both ROI and TBSS analyses identified higher mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial (RD) diffusivity and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the cerebellum for all SCAs compared to controls, as well as some cerebral alterations in SCA1, 2, and 3. FBA showed lower fiber density (FD) and fiber crossing (FC) regions similar to those identified by ROI and TBSS analyses. FBA also highlighted corticospinal tract (CST) abnormalities, which was not detected by the other two pipelines. Longitudinal ROI-based analysis showed significant increase in AD in the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) for patients with SCA1, suggesting that the MCP may be a good candidate region to monitor disease progression. The patient who remained symptom-free throughout the study displayed no microstructural abnormalities. On the other hand, the two patients who were at the premanifest stage at baseline, and showed ataxia symptoms in their follow-up visits, displayed AD values in the MCP that were already in the range of symptomatic patients with SCA1 at their baseline visit, demonstrating that microstructural abnormalities are detectable prior to the onset of ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Park
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James M Joers
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bin Guo
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Diane Hutter
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Khalaf Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Isaac M Adanyeguh
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lynn E Eberly
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gülin Öz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Christophe Lenglet
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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57
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Visani E, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Mongelli A, Castaldo A, Panzica F, Rossi Sebastiano D, Nigri A, Grisoli M, Franceschetti S, Canafoglia L. Cortical network dysfunction revealed by magnetoencephalography in carriers of spinocerebellar ataxia 1 or 2 mutation. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1548-1555. [PMID: 32408088 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 or 2 (SCA1 or SCA2) and in their asymptomatic gene-positive relatives (AsyRs) we investigated the event-related desynchronization and synchronisation (ERD/ERS) on magnetoencephalographic signals to assess the changes occurring before manifest ataxia, by comparing the results obtained in AsyRs and in their gene-negative healthy relatives (HRs). METHODS Twenty-four patients (12 SCA1, 12 SCA2), 24 AsyRs (13 SCA1, 11 SCA2) and 17 HRs performed a visually cued Go/No-go task. We evaluated the ERD/ERS in regions of interest corresponding to the frontal, central and parietal cortices. RESULTS In the SCA patients the main findings were a loss of side predominance for alpha and beta ERD and significantly weakened beta ERS. In AsyRs the main finding was a significantly enhanced alpha ERD, namely in those who were approaching the estimated time of symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS In ataxic patients, the loss of ERD lateralisation and the significantly reduction of beta ERS suggest defective bilateral processes that are involved in ending the movement. In AsyRs, enhanced alpha ERD proposes the presence of preclinical marker closely preceding symptom onset. SIGNIFICANCE Movement-related ERD/ERS can detect the defective sensorimotor integration in ataxic patients, and reveals possible compensatory mechanisms in their AsyRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Visani
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Castaldo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Panzica
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rossi Sebastiano
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Nigri
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Grisoli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Franceschetti
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Canafoglia
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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58
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Cinesi C, Yang B, Dion V. GFP Reporters to Monitor Instability and Expression of Expanded CAG/CTG Repeats. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2056:255-268. [PMID: 31586353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9784-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Expanded CAG/CTG repeats are genetically unstable and, upon expression, cause neurological and neuromuscular diseases. The molecular mechanisms of repeat instability and expression remain poorly understood despite their importance for the pathogenesis of a family of 14 devastating human diseases. This is in part because conventional assays are tedious and time-consuming. Recently, however, GFP-based reporters have been designed to provide a rapid and reliable means of assessing these parameters. Here we provide protocols for quantifying repeat instability and expression using a GFP-based chromosomal reporter and the newly developed ParB/ANCHOR-mediated Inducible Targeting (PInT) and how to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cinesi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dion
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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59
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Mitchell N, LaTouche GA, Nelson B, Figueroa KP, Walker RH, Sobering AK. Childhood-Onset Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3: Tongue Dystonia as an Early Manifestation. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 9:tre-09-704. [PMID: 31565539 PMCID: PMC6744815 DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Dystonia is a relatively common feature of spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3). Childhood onset of SCA3 is rare and typically associated with either relatively large, or homozygous, CAG repeat expansions. Case report We describe a 10-year-old girl with SCA3, who presented with tongue dystonia in addition to limb dystonia and gait ataxia due to a heterozygous expansion of 84 repeats in ATXN3. Discussion Diagnosis of the SCAs can be challenging, and even more so in children. Tongue dystonia has not previously been documented in SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nester Mitchell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Gaynel A LaTouche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Beverly Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Pediatrics, Grenada General Hospital, St. George's, GD
| | - Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew K Sobering
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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60
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Deelchand DK, Joers JM, Ravishankar A, Lyu T, Emir UE, Hutter D, Gomez CM, Bushara KO, Lenglet C, Eberly LE, Öz G. Sensitivity of Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Progression of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019; 6:549-558. [PMID: 31538089 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) causes progressive degeneration of the cerebellum and brainstem. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was shown to be more sensitive to disease progression than the most sensitive clinical measure, the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), in longitudinal studies, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was shown to detect neurochemical abnormalities with high sensitivity cross-sectionally in SCA1. Objectives The objectives of this study were to compare the sensitivities to change of volumetric MRI, MRS, and SARA in a 3-year longitudinal study in SCA1. Methods A total of 16 early-to-moderate stage patients with SCA1 (SARA 0-14) and 21 matched healthy participants were scanned up to 3 times with 1.5-year intervals. Ataxia severity was assessed with SARA. T1-weighted images and magnetic resonance spectra from the cerebellar vermis, cerebellar white matter, and pons were acquired at 3T. Results The pontine total N-acetylaspartate-to-myo-inositol ratio was the most sensitive MRS measure to change (-3.9 ± 4.6%/yr in SCA1 vs. -0.3 ± 3.5%/yr in controls; P < 0.02), and the pontine volume was the most sensitive MRI measure to change (-2.6 ± 1.2%/yr in SCA1 vs. -0.1 ± 1.2 in controls; P < 0.02). Effect size (mean percent change/standard deviation of percent change) of pontine volume was highest (-2.13) followed by pontine N-acetylaspartate-to-myo-inositol ratio (-0.84) and SARA (+0.60). The pontine N-acetylaspartate-to-myo-inositol ratio was abnormal for 1 premanifest patient at all visits and predicted study withdrawal as a result of disease progression in 3 patients. Conclusion Both MRI and MRS were more sensitive to disease progression than SARA in SCA1. Pontine volume was most sensitive to change, whereas MRS may have more sensitivity at the premanifest stage and predictive value for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - James M Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | | | - Tianmeng Lyu
- Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Uzay E Emir
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Diane Hutter
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | | | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Christophe Lenglet
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Lynn E Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
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Belozor OS, Yakovleva DA, Potapenko IV, Shuvaev AN, Smolnikova MV, Vasilev A, Pozhilenkova EA, Shuvaev AN. Extracellular S100β Disrupts Bergman Glia Morphology and Synaptic Transmission in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9040080. [PMID: 31013844 PMCID: PMC6523464 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrogliosis is a pathological process that affects the density, morphology, and function of astrocytes. It is a common feature of brain trauma, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegeneration including spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), a poorly understood neurodegenerative disease. S100β is a Ca2+ binding protein. In SCA1, excessive excretion of S100β by reactive astrocytes and its uptake by Purkinje cells has been demonstrated previously. Under pathological conditions, excessive extracellular concentration of S100β stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines and induces apoptosis. We modeled astrogliosis by S100β injections into cerebellar cortex in mice. Injections of S100β led to significant changes in Bergmann glia (BG) cortical organization and affected their processes. S100β also changed morphology of the Purkinje cells (PCs), causing a significant reduction in the dendritic length. Moreover, the short-term synaptic plasticity and depolarization-induced suppression of synaptic transmission were disrupted after S100β injections. We speculate that these effects are the result of Ca2+-chelating properties of S100β protein. In summary, exogenous S100β induced astrogliosis in cerebellum could lead to neuronal dysfunction, which resembles a natural neurodegenerative process. We suggest that astrocytes play an essential role in SCA1 pathology, and that astrocytic S100β is an important contributor to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Belozor
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Dariya A Yakovleva
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr., 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Ilya V Potapenko
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Andrey N Shuvaev
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr., 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Marina V Smolnikova
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Partizan Zheleznyak st., 3G, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Alex Vasilev
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Universitetskaya st., 2, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia.
| | - Elena A Pozhilenkova
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Anton N Shuvaev
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Partizan Zheleznyak st. 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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Chen Z, Sequeiros J, Tang B, Jiang H. Genetic modifiers of age-at-onset in polyglutamine diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:99-108. [PMID: 30355507 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases. Expansion size correlates with age-at-onset (AO) and severity, and shows a critical threshold for each polyQ disease. Although an expanded CAG tract is sufficient to trigger disease, not all variation in AO is explained by (CAG)n length, which suggests the contribution of other modifying factors. Methods used to identify genetic modifiers in polyQ diseases have progressed from candidate genes to unbiased genome-wide searches. Inconsistency of results from candidate-genes studies are partly explained by sample size, study design and variable population frequency of "polymorphisms"; a genome-wide search may help elucidating more precise disease mechanisms underlying specific interaction networks. We review known genetic modifiers for polyQ diseases, and discuss developing strategies to find modulation, from common variants to networks disclosing small cumulative effects of key genes and modifying pathways. This may lead to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation and the proposal of new potential targets for therapeutical interventions.
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63
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Coarelli G, Brice A, Durr A. Recent advances in understanding dominant spinocerebellar ataxias from clinical and genetic points of view. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30473770 PMCID: PMC6234732 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15788.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are rare types of cerebellar ataxia with a dominant mode of inheritance. To date, 47 SCA subtypes have been identified, and the number of genes implicated in SCAs is continually increasing. Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion diseases (
ATXN1/SCA1,
ATXN2/SCA2,
ATXN3/SCA3,
CACNA1A/SCA6,
ATXN7/SCA7,
TBP/SCA17, and
ATN1/DRPLA) are the most common group of SCAs. No preventive or curative treatments are currently available, but various therapeutic approaches, including RNA-targeting treatments, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), are being developed. Clinical trials of ASOs in SCA patients are already planned. There is, therefore, a need to identify valid outcome measures for such studies. In this review, we describe recent advances towards identifying appropriate biomarkers, which are essential for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy. Neuroimaging biomarkers are the most powerful markers identified to date, making it possible to reduce sample sizes for clinical trials. Changes on brain MRI are already evident at the premanifest stage in SCA1 and SCA2 carriers and are correlated with CAG repeat size. Other potential biomarkers have also been developed, based on neurological examination, oculomotor study, cognitive assessment, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Longitudinal studies based on multimodal approaches are required to establish the relationships between parameters and to validate the biomarkers identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coarelli
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Neurology, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Bobigny, 93000, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, Paris, 75013, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Genetic department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, Paris, 75013, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Genetic department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, 75013, France
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64
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de Mattos EP, Leotti VB, Soong B, Raposo M, Lima M, Vasconcelos J, Fussiger H, Souza GN, Kersting N, Furtado GV, Saute JAM, Camey SA, Saraiva‐Pereira ML, Jardim LB. Age at onset prediction in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 changes according to population of origin. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:113-120. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. P. de Mattos
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - V. B. Leotti
- Departamento de Estatística Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - B.‐W. Soong
- Department of Neurology Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - M. Raposo
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Ponta Delgada Açores
| | - M. Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade dos Açores Ponta Delgada Açores
| | - J. Vasconcelos
- Serviço de Neurologia Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo (HDES) Ponta Delgada Açores Portugal
| | - H. Fussiger
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - G. N. Souza
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - N. Kersting
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - G. V. Furtado
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - J. A. M. Saute
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Serviço de Genética Médica Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - S. A. Camey
- Departamento de Estatística Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - M. L. Saraiva‐Pereira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Serviço de Genética Médica Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Departamento de Bioquímica Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
| | - L. B. Jardim
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Médicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Serviço de Genética Médica Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul
- Departamento de Medicina Interna Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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Yau WY, O'Connor E, Sullivan R, Akijian L, Wood NW. DNA repair in trinucleotide repeat ataxias. FEBS J 2018; 285:3669-3682. [PMID: 30152109 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inherited cerebellar ataxias comprise of a genetic heterogeneous group of disorders. Pathogenic expansions of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) encoding polyglutamine tracts account for the largest proportion of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, while GAA expansion in the first introns of frataxin gene is the commonest cause of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. Currently, there is no available treatment to alter the disease trajectory, with devastating consequences for affected individuals. Inter- and Intrafamily phenotypic variability suggest the existence of genetic modifiers, which may become targets amendable to treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of DNA repair pathways in modifying spinocerebellar ataxia with CAG repeat expansions. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms in which DNA repair pathways, epigenetics and other genetic factors may act as modifiers in cerebellar ataxias due to trinucleotide repeat expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yan Yau
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Emer O'Connor
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Roisin Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Layan Akijian
- Department of Neurology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.,Neurogenetics laboratory, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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66
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Yearwood AK, Rethi S, Figueroa KP, Walker RH, Sobering AK. Diagnosis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia in the West Indies. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 8:567. [PMID: 30191086 PMCID: PMC6123834 DOI: 10.7916/d8dv329c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Access to medical care in many regions is limited by socioeconomic status, at both the individual and the community level. This report describes the diagnostic process of a family residing on an underserved Caribbean island where routine neurological care is typically addressed by general practitioners, and genetic diagnosis is not available through regular medical channels. The diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative disorders is especially challenging in this setting. Case Report We diagnosed a family with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) in an underdeveloped nation with limited access to genetic medicine and no full-time neurologist. Discussion Molecular diagnosis of the SCAs can be challenging, even in developed countries. In the Caribbean, genetic testing is generally only available at a small number of academic centers. Diagnosis in this family was ultimately made by utilizing an international, pro bono, research-based collaborative process. Although access to appropriate resources, such as speech, physical, and occupational therapies, is limited on this island because of economic and geographical factors, the provision of a diagnosis appeared to be ultimately beneficial for this family. Identification of affected families highlights the need for access to genetic diagnosis in all communities, and can help direct resources where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Yearwood
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Shruthi Rethi
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- University of Utah, Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Andrew K Sobering
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
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67
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Nethisinghe S, Pigazzini ML, Pemble S, Sweeney MG, Labrum R, Manso K, Moore D, Warner J, Davis MB, Giunti P. PolyQ Tract Toxicity in SCA1 is Length Dependent in the Absence of CAG Repeat Interruption. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:200. [PMID: 30108484 PMCID: PMC6080413 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the ATXN1 gene. Normal alleles have been reported to range from 6 to 35 repeats, intermediate alleles from 36 to 38 repeats and fully penetrant pathogenic alleles have at least 39 repeats. This distribution was based on relatively few samples and the narrow intermediate range makes the accuracy of the repeat sizing crucial for interpreting and reporting diagnostic tests, which can vary between laboratories. Here, we examine the distribution of 6378 SCA1 chromosomes and identify a very late onset SCA1 family with a fully penetrant uninterrupted pathogenic allele containing 38 repeats. This finding supports the theory that polyQ toxicity is related to the increase of the length of the inherited tracts and not as previously hypothesized to the structural transition occurring above a specific threshold. In addition, the threshold of toxicity shifts to a shorter polyQ length with the increase of the lifespan in SCA1. Furthermore, we show that SCA1 intermediate alleles have a different behavior compared to the other polyglutamine disorders as they do not show reduced penetrance when uninterrupted. Therefore, the pathogenic mechanism in SCA1 is distinct from other cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat disorders. Accurately sizing repeats is paramount in precision medicine and can be challenging particularly with borderline alleles. We examined plasmids containing cloned CAG repeat tracts alongside a triplet repeat primed polymerase chain reaction (TP PCR) CAG repeat ladder to improve accuracy in repeat sizing by fragment analysis. This method accurately sizes the repeats irrespective of repeat composition or length. We also improved the model for calculating repeat length from fragment analysis sizing by fragment analyzing 100 cloned repeats of known size. Therefore, we recommend these methods for accurately sizing repeat lengths and restriction enzyme digestion to identify interruptions for interpretation of a given allele’s pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suran Nethisinghe
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Lucia Pigazzini
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Pemble
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary G Sweeney
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Labrum
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Manso
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Moore
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Warner
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, South East Scotland Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mary B Davis
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (NHNN), London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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68
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Edamakanti CR, Do J, Didonna A, Martina M, Opal P. Mutant ataxin1 disrupts cerebellar development in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. J Clin Invest 2018. [PMID: 29533923 DOI: 10.1172/jci96765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the protein ATXN1, which is involved in transcriptional regulation. Although symptoms appear relatively late in life, primarily from cerebellar dysfunction, pathogenesis begins early, with transcriptional changes detectable as early as a week after birth in SCA1-knockin mice. Given the importance of this postnatal period for cerebellar development, we asked whether this region might be developmentally altered by mutant ATXN1. We found that expanded ATXN1 stimulates the proliferation of postnatal cerebellar stem cells in SCA1 mice. These hyperproliferating stem cells tended to differentiate into GABAergic inhibitory interneurons rather than astrocytes; this significantly increased the GABAergic inhibitory interneuron synaptic connections, disrupting cerebellar Purkinje cell function in a non-cell autonomous manner. We confirmed the increased basket cell-Purkinje cell connectivity in human SCA1 patients. Mutant ATXN1 thus alters the neural circuitry of the developing cerebellum, setting the stage for the later vulnerability of Purkinje cells to SCA1. We propose that other late-onset degenerative diseases may also be rooted in subtle developmental derailments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeehaeh Do
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Marco Martina
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology, and.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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69
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Joers JM, Deelchand DK, Lyu T, Emir UE, Hutter D, Gomez CM, Bushara KO, Eberly LE, Öz G. Neurochemical abnormalities in premanifest and early spinocerebellar ataxias. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:816-829. [PMID: 29575033 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether early neurochemical abnormalities are detectable by high-field magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in individuals with spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) 1, 2, 3, and 6, including patients without manifestation of ataxia. METHODS A cohort of 100 subjects (N = 18-21 in each SCA group, including premanifest mutation carriers; mean score on the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia [SARA] <10 for all genotypes, and 22 matched controls) was scanned at 7 Tesla to obtain neurochemical profiles of the cerebellum and brainstem. A novel multivariate approach (distance-weighted discrimination) was used to combine regional profiles into an "MRS score." RESULTS MRS scores robustly distinguished individuals with SCA from controls, with misclassification rates of 0% (SCA2), 2% (SCA3), 5% (SCA1), and 17% (SCA6). Premanifest mutation carriers with estimated disease onset within 10 years had MRS scores in the range of early-manifest SCA subjects. Levels of neuronal and glial markers significantly correlated with SARA and an Activities of Daily Living score in subjects with SCA. Regional neurochemical alterations were different between SCAs at comparable disease severity, with SCA2 displaying the most extensive neurochemical abnormalities, followed by SCA1, SCA3, and SCA6. INTERPRETATION Neurochemical abnormalities are detectable in individuals before manifest disease, which may allow premanifest enrollment in future SCA trials. Correlations with ataxia and quality-of-life scores show that neurochemical levels can serve as clinically meaningful endpoints in trials. Ranking of SCA types by degree of neurochemical abnormalities indicates that the neurochemistry may reflect synaptic function or density. Ann Neurol 2018;83:816-829.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Tianmeng Lyu
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Uzay E Emir
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Diane Hutter
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lynn E Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Abstract
More than 40 diseases, most of which primarily affect the nervous system, are caused by expansions of simple sequence repeats dispersed throughout the human genome. Expanded trinucleotide repeat diseases were discovered first and remain the most frequent. More recently tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and even dodeca-nucleotide repeat expansions have been identified as the cause of human disease, including some of the most common genetic disorders seen by neurologists. Repeat expansion diseases include both causes of myotonic dystrophy (DM1 and DM2), the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (C9ORF72), Huntington disease, and eight other polyglutamine disorders, including the most common forms of dominantly inherited ataxia, the most common recessive ataxia (Friedreich ataxia), and the most common heritable mental retardation (fragile X syndrome). Here I review distinctive features of this group of diseases that stem from the unusual, dynamic nature of the underlying mutations. These features include marked clinical heterogeneity and the phenomenon of clinical anticipation. I then discuss the diverse molecular mechanisms driving disease pathogenesis, which vary depending on the repeat sequence, size, and location within the disease gene, and whether the repeat is translated into protein. I conclude with a brief clinical and genetic description of individual repeat expansion diseases that are most relevant to neurologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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de Assis AM, Saute JAM, Longoni A, Haas CB, Torrez VR, Brochier AW, Souza GN, Furtado GV, Gheno TC, Russo A, Monte TL, Castilhos RM, Schumacher-Schuh A, D'Avila R, Donis KC, de Mello Rieder CR, Souza DO, Camey S, Leotti VB, Jardim LB, Portela LV. Peripheral Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3/Machado-Joseph Disease. Front Neurol 2017; 8:485. [PMID: 28979235 PMCID: PMC5611390 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is a polyglutamine disorder with no current disease-modifying treatment. Conformational changes in mutant ataxin-3 trigger different pathogenic cascades, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; however, the clinical relevance of oxidative stress elements as peripheral biomarkers of SCA3/MJD remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate ROS production and antioxidant defense capacity in symptomatic and presymptomatic SCA3/MJD individuals and correlate these markers with clinical and molecular data with the goal of assessing their properties as disease biomarkers. METHODS Molecularly confirmed SCA3/MJD carriers and controls were included in an exploratory case-control study. Serum ROS, measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) antioxidant enzyme activities, levels were assessed. RESULTS Fifty-eight early/moderate stage symptomatic SCA3/MJD, 12 presymptomatic SCA3/MJD, and 47 control individuals were assessed. The DCFH-DA levels in the symptomatic group were 152.82 nmol/mg of protein [95% confidence interval (CI), 82.57-223.08, p < 0.001] higher than in the control and 243.80 nmol/mg of protein (95% CI, 130.64-356.96, p < 0.001) higher than in the presymptomatic group. The SOD activity in the symptomatic group was 3 U/mg of protein (95% CI, 0.015-6.00, p = 0.048) lower than in the presymptomatic group. The GSH-Px activity in the symptomatic group was 13.96 U/mg of protein (95% CI, 5.90-22.03, p < 0.001) lower than in the control group and 20.52 U/mg of protein (95% CI, 6.79-34.24, p < 0.001) lower than in the presymptomatic group and was inversely correlated with the neurological examination score for spinocerebellar ataxias (R = -0.309, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION Early/moderate stage SCA3/MJD patients presented a decreased antioxidant capacity and increased ROS generation. GSH-Px activity was the most promising oxidative stress disease biomarker in SCA3/MJD. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to identify both the roles of redox parameters in SCA3/MJD pathophysiology and as surrogate outcomes for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano M de Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Vida e da Saúde, Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Longoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Branco Haas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rocco Torrez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Wigner Brochier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Nunes Souza
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Vasata Furtado
- Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tailise Conte Gheno
- Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aline Russo
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thais Lampert Monte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raphael Machado Castilhos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Artur Schumacher-Schuh
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rui D'Avila
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karina Carvalho Donis
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto de Mello Rieder
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Neurologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Suzi Camey
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura Bannach Jardim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Identificação Genética, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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72
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Nanetti L, Alpini D, Mattei V, Castaldo A, Mongelli A, Brenna G, Gellera C, Mariotti C. Stance instability in preclinical SCA1 mutation carriers: A 4-year prospective posturography study. Gait Posture 2017; 57:11-14. [PMID: 28551466 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to study postural balance in preclinical Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) mutation carriers to identify and observe specific motor functional deficit before evident clinical manifestation. METHODS Participants were 9 asymptomatic SCA1 mutation carriers (6M/3F), aged 31.8±7years (range 22-44), and 17 age-matched non-carrier controls (5M/12F) (age 18-42). Subjects underwent postural tests on a force platform (Tetrax®-IBS, Sunlight Medical Ltd.) with and without visual feedback. Amount of body sway was represented by stability index (ST). Tests were repeated after 2- and 4-years. Estimated years to onset were calculated. RESULTS In controls, ST was unchanged from baseline to 4-year evaluations in all standing conditions. SCA1 mutation carriers performed similarly to controls in the postural tasks with open eyes, whereas in conditions without visual feedback SCA1 carriers had significantly higher ST than controls at all longitudinal evaluations. Close-to-disease onset carriers (≤7years) showed more prominent time-dependent stance abnormalities (p<0.0001 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Traceable and progressive postural abnormalities can be observed in preclinical close-to-onset SCA1 carriers. Quantitative analysis of stance could represent a promising outcome measure in clinical trials including preclinical subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan Italy.
| | - Dario Alpini
- ENT-Otoneurology Service Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Mattei
- ENT-Otoneurology Service Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Castaldo
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan Italy.
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan Italy.
| | - Greta Brenna
- Clinical Research Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan Italy.
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan Italy.
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73
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Antenora A, Rinaldi C, Roca A, Pane C, Lieto M, Saccà F, Peluso S, De Michele G, Filla A. The Multiple Faces of Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:687-695. [PMID: 28904990 PMCID: PMC5590519 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is among the most common forms of autosomal dominant ataxias, accounting for 15% of the total families. Occurrence is higher in specific populations such as the Cuban and Southern Italian. The disease is caused by a CAG expansion in ATXN2 gene, leading to abnormal accumulation of the mutant protein, ataxin‐2, in intracellular inclusions. The clinical picture is mainly dominated by cerebellar ataxia, although a number of other neurological signs have been described, ranging from parkinsonism to motor neuron involvement, making the diagnosis frequently challenging for neurologists, particularly when information about the family history is not available. Although the functions of ataxin‐2 have not been completely elucidated, the protein is involved in mRNA processing and control of translation. Recently, it has also been shown that the size of the CAG repeat in normal alleles represents a risk factor for ALS, suggesting that ataxin‐2 plays a fundamental role in maintenance of neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Antenora
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Carlo Rinaldi
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Roca
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Chiara Pane
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Maria Lieto
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy.,Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saccà
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Silvio Peluso
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Michele
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
| | - Alessandro Filla
- Department of Neurological Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences Federico II University Naples Italy
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74
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Velázquez-Pérez L, Rodríguez-Labrada R, Laffita-Mesa JM. Prodromal spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: Prospects for early interventions and ethical challenges. Mov Disord 2017; 32:708-718. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Miguel Laffita-Mesa
- Centre for the Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias; Holguín Cuba
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
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75
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Kidd DP. Case 37. Neuroophthalmology 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2410-8_37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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76
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Soga K, Ishikawa K, Furuya T, Iida T, Yamada T, Ando N, Ota K, Kanno-Okada H, Tanaka S, Shintaku M, Eishi Y, Mizusawa H, Yokota T. Gene dosage effect in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 homozygotes: A clinical and neuropathological study. J Neurol Sci 2016; 373:321-328. [PMID: 28131213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. However, it remains unclear whether SCA6 shows a gene dosage effect, defined by earlier age-of-onset in homozygotes than heterozygotes. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed four homozygous SCA6 subjects from our single institution cohort of 120 SCA6 subjects. We also performed a neuropathological investigation into an SCA6 individual with compound heterozygous expansions. In the 116 heterozygotes, there was an inverse correlation of age-of-onset with the number of CAG repeats in the expanded allele, and with the total number of CAG repeats, in both normal and expanded alleles. The age-of-onset in the four homozygotes was within the 95% confidence interval of the age-of-onset versus the repeat-lengths correlations determined in the 116 heterozygotes. Nevertheless, all homozygotes had earlier onset than their parents, and showed rapid disease progression. Neuropathology revealed neuronal loss, as well as α1A-calcium channel protein aggregates in Purkinje cells, a few α1A-calcium channel protein aggregates in the neocortex and basal ganglia, and neuronal loss in Clarke's column and the globus pallidus not seen in heterozygotes. These data suggest a mild clinical and neuropathological gene dosage effect in SCA6 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Soga
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kinya Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; The Center for Personalized Medicine for Healthy Aging, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Tokuro Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Kawaguchi Kogyo General Hospital, 1-18-15 Aoki, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0031, Japan
| | - Tadatsune Iida
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Bunkyo Gakuin University Graduate School of Health Care Science, 2-4-1 Mukogaoka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0023, Japan
| | - Noboru Ando
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kiyobumi Ota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kanno-Okada
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shintaku
- Department of Pathology, Shiga Medical Center for Adults, 5-4-30 Moriyama, Moriyama, Shiga 524-8524, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; The National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Ilg W, Fleszar Z, Schatton C, Hengel H, Harmuth F, Bauer P, Timmann D, Giese M, Schöls L, Synofzik M. Individual changes in preclinical spinocerebellar ataxia identified via increased motor complexity. Mov Disord 2016; 31:1891-1900. [PMID: 27782309 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement changes in autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxias are suggested to occur many years before clinical manifestation. Detecting and quantifying these changes in the preclinical phase offers a window for future treatment interventions and allows the clinician to decipher the earliest dysfunctions starting the evolution of spinocerebellar ataxia. We hypothesized that quantitative movement analysis of complex stance and gait tasks allows to (i) reveal movement changes already at early stages of the preclinical phase when clinical ataxia signs are still absent and to (ii) quantify motor progression in this phase. METHODS A total of 46 participants (14 preclinical spinocerebellar ataxia mutation carriers [spinocerebellar ataxias 1,2,3,6], 9 spinocerebellar ataxia patients at an early stage; 23 healthy controls) were assessed by quantitative movement analyses of increasingly complex stance and walking tasks in a cross-sectional design. RESULTS Body sway in stance and spatiotemporal variability in tandem walking differentiated between preclinical mutation carriers and healthy controls (P < .01). Complex movement conditions allowed one to discriminate even those mutation carriers without any clinical signs in posture and gait (SARAposture&gait = 0; P < .04). Multivariate regression analysis categorized preclinical mutation carriers on a single-subject level with 100% accuracy within a range of 10 years to the estimated onset. Movement features in stance and gait correlated significantly with genetically estimated time to onset, indicating a gradual increase of motor changes with increasing proximity to disease manifestation. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for subclinical motor changes in spinocerebellar ataxia, which allow to discriminate patients without clinical signs even on a single-subject basis and may help capture disease progression in the preclinical phase. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfried Ilg
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zofia Fleszar
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schatton
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Harmuth
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Giese
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Centre of Neurology, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Germany
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78
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Rare inherited diseases merit disease-specific trials. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14:968-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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79
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Li X, Liu H, Fischhaber PL, Tang TS. Toward therapeutic targets for SCA3: Insight into the role of Machado-Joseph disease protein ataxin-3 in misfolded proteins clearance. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:34-58. [PMID: 26123252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, SCA3), an autosomal dominant neurological disorder, is caused by an abnormal expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in the ataxin-3 protein. The length of the expanded polyQ stretch correlates positively with the severity of the disease and inversely with the age at onset. To date, we cannot fully explain the mechanism underlying neurobiological abnormalities of this disease. Yet, accumulating reports have demonstrated the functions of ataxin-3 protein in the chaperone system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and aggregation-autophagy, all of which suggest a role of ataxin-3 in the clearance of misfolded proteins. Notably, the SCA3 pathogenic form of ataxin-3 (ataxin-3(exp)) impairs the misfolded protein clearance via mechanisms that are either dependent or independent of its deubiquitinase (DUB) activity, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons in SCA3. Some drugs, which have been used as activators/inducers in the chaperone system, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and aggregation-autophagy, have been demonstrated to be efficacious in the relief of neurodegeneration diseases like Huntington's disease (HD), Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD) as well as SCA3 in animal models and clinical trials, putting misfolded protein clearance on the list of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we undertake a comprehensive review of the progress in understanding the physiological functions of ataxin-3 in misfolded protein clearance and how the polyQ expansion impairs misfolded protein clearance. We then detail the preclinical studies targeting the elimination of misfolded proteins for SCA3 treatment. We close with future considerations for translating these pre-clinical results into therapies for SCA3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Paula L Fischhaber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8262, USA.
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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