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Anisimov SV. Cell-based therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease: progress and perspectives. Rev Neurosci 2010; 20:347-81. [PMID: 20397620 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro.2009.20.5-6.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Motor dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease are believed to be primarily due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Because a single-type cell population is depleted, Parkinson's disease is considered a primary target for cell replacement-based therapeutic strategies. Extensive studies have confirmed transplantation of donor neurons could be beneficial, yet identifying an alternative cell source is clearly essential. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proposed as a renewable source of dopaminergic neurons for transplantation in Parkinson's disease; other potential sources could include neural stem cells (hNSCs) and adult mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). However, numerous difficulties avert practical application of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Among the latter, ethical, safety (including xeno- and tumor formation-associated risks) and technical issues stand out. This review aims to provide a balanced and updated outlook on various issues associated with stem cells in regard to their potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Essential features of the individual stem cell subtypes, principles of available differentiation protocols, transplantation, and safety issues are discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Anisimov
- Department of Intracellular Signalling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences and Research, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Vidaltamayo R, Bargas J, Covarrubias L, Hernández A, Galarraga E, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Drucker-Colin R. Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: A Road Map for a Successful Future. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:311-20. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Román Vidaltamayo
- Grupo de Celulas Troncales Neurales (IMPULSA-02), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Depto. de Neurociencias and Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - José Bargas
- Grupo de Celulas Troncales Neurales (IMPULSA-02), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Depto. de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Luis Covarrubias
- Grupo de Celulas Troncales Neurales (IMPULSA-02), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Depto. de Biofísica, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Arturo Hernández
- Grupo de Celulas Troncales Neurales (IMPULSA-02), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Depto. de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Elvira Galarraga
- Grupo de Celulas Troncales Neurales (IMPULSA-02), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Depto. de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Grupo de Celulas Troncales Neurales (IMPULSA-02), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Depto. Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - René Drucker-Colin
- Grupo de Celulas Troncales Neurales (IMPULSA-02), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
- Depto. de Neurociencias and Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Olanow CW, Kordower JH, Lang AE, Obeso JA. Dopaminergic transplantation for parkinson's disease: Current status and future prospects. Ann Neurol 2009; 66:591-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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López-Barneo J, Ortega-Sáenz P, Pardal R, Pascual A, Piruat JI, Durán R, Gómez-Díaz R. Oxygen Sensing in the Carotid Body. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1177:119-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fitzpatrick KM, Raschke J, Emborg ME. Cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease: past, present, and future. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2189-208. [PMID: 19485712 PMCID: PMC2861536 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) researchers have pioneered the use of cell-based therapies (CBTs) in the central nervous system. CBTs for PD were originally envisioned as a way to replace the dopaminergic nigral neurons lost with the disease. Several sources of catecholaminergic cells, including autografts of adrenal medulla and allografts or xenografts of mesencephalic fetal tissue, were successfully assessed in animal models, but their clinical translation has yielded poor results and much controversy. Recent breakthroughs on cell biology are helping to develop novel cell lines that could be used for regenerative medicine. Their future successful clinical application depends on identifying and solving the problems encountered in previous CBTs trials. In this review, we critically analyze past CBTs' clinical translation, the impact of the host in graft survival, and the role of preclinical studies and emerging new cell lines. We propose that the prediction of clinical results from preclinical studies requires experimental designs that allow blind data acquisition and statistical analysis, assessment of the therapy in models that parallel clinical conditions, looking for sources of complications or side effects, and limiting optimism bias when reporting outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Fitzpatrick
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
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Wijeyekoon R, Barker RA. Cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2009; 1792:688-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 10/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Date I, Yasuhara T. Neurological disorders and neural regeneration, with special reference to Parkinson’s disease and cerebral ischemia. J Artif Organs 2009; 12:11-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10047-008-0441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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The neurogenic niche in the carotid body and its applicability to antiparkinsonian cell therapy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:975-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Construction of targeting vector for expressing human GDNF in cattle mammary gland. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 159:718-27. [PMID: 19194670 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a type of neurotrophic factor with significant potential in treatment of Parkinson's disease. Combining gene targeting of animal somatic cells with nuclear transfer technique has provided a powerful method to produce transgenic animal mammary gland bioreactor. The aim of this study was to construct a gene-targeting vector for the human gdnf gene knockin at the bovine beta-casein gene locus so that human GDNF protein can be produced in the mammary gland of the gene-targeted bovine. The constructed vector contains the 2.2 kb 5' homologous arm and the 5.7 kb 3' homologous arm. The human gdnf cDNA was located at the downstream of the 5' homologous arm. The neo gene placed between the 5' and 3' homologous arms as positive selection marker gene. The HSV-tk gene and DsRed2 gene were located outside the homologous recombinant area as negative selection marker genes, respectively. The recombinant plasmids were identified by restriction fragment analysis and partial DNA sequencing. The results show that the structure of the final constructed vector accords with the designed plasmid map. In order to analyze the bioactivity of the vector, the plasmid DNA was transfected into human mammary tumor cell line Bcap-37 by lipofectamine. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western-blotting analysis showed that the transfected cells produced human GDNF mRNA and protein. The results show that the constructed targeting vector pNRTCNbG has bioactivity to efficiently express GDNF in mammary gland cells. At the same time, it is first time to confirm that human mammary tumor cell line Bcap-37 is valid for bioactivity analysis of mammary gland specific expression vector.
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Absolute requirement of GDNF for adult catecholaminergic neuron survival. Nat Neurosci 2008; 11:755-61. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
After nearly 20 years of preclinical experimentation with various gene delivery approaches in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), clinical trials are finally underway. The risk/benefit ratio for these procedures is now generally considered acceptable under approved protocols. The current vehicle for gene delivery to the human brain is recombinant adeno-associated viral vector, which is nonpathogenic and non-self-amplifying. Candidate genes tested in PD patients encode 1) glutamic acid decarboxylase, which is injected into the subthalamic nucleus to catalyze biosynthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid and so essentially mimic deep brain stimulation of this nucleus; 2) aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, which converts l-dopa to dopamine; and 3) neurturin, a member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family. Unraveling the genetic underpinnings of PD could allow gene therapy to go beyond modulating neurotransmission or providing trophic effects to dopaminergic neurons by delivering a specific missing or defective gene. For example, the parkin gene (PARK2) is linked to recessively inherited PD due to loss of function mutations; it prevents alpha-synuclein-induced degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in rats and nonhuman primates. On the other hand, for dominantly inherited Huntington's disease (HD), in which an expanded polyglutamine tract imparts to the protein huntingtin a toxic gain of function, repressing expression of the mutant allele in the striatum using RNA interference technology mitigates pathology and delays the phenotype in a mouse model. Here we review the current state of preclinical and clinical gene therapy studies conducted in PD and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Mochizuki
- grid.258269.20000000417622738Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
- grid.258269.20000000417622738Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Yasuda
- grid.258269.20000000417622738Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Maral Mouradian
- grid.430387.b0000000419368796Center for Neurodegenerative and Neuroimmunologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 08854 Piscataway, New Jersey
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