51
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Wu SJ, Leu YL, Chen CH, Chao CH, Shen DY, Chan HH, Lee EJ, Wu TS, Wang YH, Shen YC, Qian K, Bastow KF, Lee KH. Camphoratins A-J, potent cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory triterpenoids from the fruiting body of Taiwanofungus camphoratus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1756-1762. [PMID: 21028898 PMCID: PMC2993773 DOI: 10.1021/np1002143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ten new triterpenoids, camphoratins A-J (1-10), along with 12 known compounds were isolated from the fruiting body of Taiwanofungus camphoratus. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compound 10 is the first example of a naturally occurring ergosteroid with an unusual cis-C/D ring junction. Compounds 2-6 and 11 showed moderate to potent cytotoxicity, with EC(50) values ranging from 0.3 to 3 μM against KB and KB-VIN human cancer cell lines. Compounds 6, 10, 11, 14-16, 18, and 21 exhibited anti-inflammatory NO-production inhibition activity with IC(50) values of less than 5 μM, and were more potent than the nonspecific NOS inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Corresponding authors: Tel: 919-962-0066. Fax: 919-966-3893. ;
| | | | | | | | | | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Corresponding authors: Tel: 919-962-0066. Fax: 919-966-3893. ;
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52
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Chen Y, Kang Z, Yan J, Yang GP, Tan ZR, Zhou G, Ouyang DS. Liu wei di huang wan, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, induces CYP1A2 while suppressing CYP2A6 and N-acetyltransferase 2 activities in man. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:213-218. [PMID: 20723593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Liu wei di huang wan (LDW), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is frequently combined with other prescription or non-prescription drugs in China. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the effects of LDW on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and xanthine oxidase (XO) in healthy subjects, using caffeine as a probe drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve unrelated healthy males were enrolled in a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-phase crossover study. Placebo or LDW (12 pills, 0.2 g/pill, twice daily) was given to each participant for 14 continuous days with a wash-out period of 2 weeks. A dose of 100 mg caffeine was given afterwards to test the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes of interest. RESULTS Compared to placebo, LDW significantly induced the CYP1A2 activity, as determined by an increase in the ratio of (AFMU+1U+1X)/17U and the formation of 17X and 1X after taking caffeine. Interestingly, LDW significantly decreased the ratio of 17U/(17U+17X+1X+1U+AFMU) and the formation of 17U (CYP2A6-mediated) (by 39.2%; 95%CI: 23.1-55.3%; P=0.026), and decreased the ratio of AFMU/(AFMU+1U+1X) and the formation of AFMU (NAT2-catalyzed) (by 26.2%; 95%CI: 9.2-61.6%; P=0.038), suggesting a marked inhibition of CYP2A6 and NAT2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LDW can induce CYP1A2 and suppress CYP2A6 and NAT2 activities, and affect caffeine metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, 110 Xiang-Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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53
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Lee CH, Hsu KH, Wang SY, Chang TT, Chu FH, Shaw JF. Cloning and characterization of the lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase gene from Antrodia cinnamomea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4800-4807. [PMID: 20334412 DOI: 10.1021/jf904257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) is one of the key enzymes for sterol biosynthesis in fungi; it is widely distributed in all members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. In this study, AcCyp51, encoding a cytochrome P450 sterol 14alpha-demethylase, was obtained from the sequences of EST libraries of Antrodia cinnamomea by using 5' RACE and genome walking methods. The open reading frame of AcCyp51 is 1635 bp and encodes 544 amino acids. The recombinant protein of AcCYP51 fused with glutathione-S-transferase from Escherichia coli revealed the demethylating activity by using lanosterol as substrate and GC-MS analysis. Gene expression levels of AcCYP51 were higher in natural basidiomes than in other cell types. Transcription of AcCYP51 increased in various culture conditions including adding squalene, lanosterol, itroconazole, and oleic acid as inducers. These reveal the important functions of AcCYP51 in basidiomatal formation and suggest that it might participate in other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hsien Lee
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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54
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Geethangili M, Fang SH, Lai CH, Rao YK, Lien HM, Tzeng YM. Inhibitory effect of Antrodia camphorata constituents on the Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric inflammation. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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55
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Underwood JR, Chivers M, Dang TT, Licciardi PV. Stimulation of tetanus toxoid-specific immune responses by a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Vaccine 2009; 27:6634-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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56
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Cytotoxic triterpenes from Antrodia camphorata and their mode of action in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 285:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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57
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Deng JY, Chen SJ, Jow GM, Hsueh CW, Jeng CJ. Dehydroeburicoic Acid Induces Calcium- and Calpain-Dependent Necrosis in Human U87MG Glioblastomas. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1817-26. [DOI: 10.1021/tx9002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhu-Yun Deng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Non Street, Taipei 12212, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei County 24205, Taiwan, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 2, Chung Cheng First Road, Lingya District, Kaohsiun, 80284, Taiwan
| | - Sian-Jin Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Non Street, Taipei 12212, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei County 24205, Taiwan, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 2, Chung Cheng First Road, Lingya District, Kaohsiun, 80284, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Non Street, Taipei 12212, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei County 24205, Taiwan, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 2, Chung Cheng First Road, Lingya District, Kaohsiun, 80284, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Hsueh
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Non Street, Taipei 12212, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei County 24205, Taiwan, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 2, Chung Cheng First Road, Lingya District, Kaohsiun, 80284, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Li-Non Street, Taipei 12212, Taiwan, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei County 24205, Taiwan, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 2, Chung Cheng First Road, Lingya District, Kaohsiun, 80284, Taiwan
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58
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Yu YL, Chen IH, Shen KY, Huang RY, Wang WR, Chou CJ, Chang TT, Chu CL. A triterpenoid methyl antcinate K isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea promotes dendritic cell activation and Th2 differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2482-91. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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59
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Majid E, Male KB, Tzeng Y, Omamogho JO, Glennon JD, Luong JHT. Cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis for achiral and chiral separation of ergostane and lanostane compounds extracted from the fruiting body ofAntrodia camphorata. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1967-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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60
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Ye J, Zhang X, Dai W, Yan S, Huang H, Liang X, Li Y, Zhang W. Chemical fingerprinting of Liuwei Dihuang Pill and simultaneous determination of its major bioactive constituents by HPLC coupled with multiple detections of DAD, ELSD and ESI-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:638-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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61
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Development of an activation tagging system for the basidiomycetous medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 113:290-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 08/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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62
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Chen YJ, Chou CJ, Chang TT. Compound MMH01 possesses toxicity against human leukemia and pancreatic cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:418-24. [PMID: 19344682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MMH01 is a compound isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea. MMH01 markedly inhibited growth of human leukemia U937 and pancreatic cancer BxPC3 cells. It resulted in distinct patterns of cell cycle distribution in U937 (G2/M, sub-G1 and polyploidy) and BxPC3 cells (G0/G1 and sub-G1). The modes of cell death in U937 cells include apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe, whereas apoptosis-associated events or necrosis in BxPC3 cells. Neither mitochondrial membrane permeabilization nor caspase dependence was noted. Proteins involving mitotic catastrophe-associated cell death such as cyclin B1 and checkpoint kinase 2 were activated in U937 cells. Only slight to moderate viability inhibition was noted to human monocytes, the normal counterpart of these myeloid leukemic cells. In conclusion, MMH01 possesses cytotoxicity against human leukemia and pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92 Chung San North Road, Section 2, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
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63
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Ao ZH, Xu ZH, Lu ZM, Xu HY, Zhang XM, Dou WF. Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata) and its potential in treating liver diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 121:194-212. [PMID: 19061947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu, Ryvarden & T.T. Chang) is a basidiomycete endemic to Taiwan. It is well known as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and Taiwanese aborigines used this species to treat liver diseases and food and drug intoxication. The compounds identified in Niuchangchih are predominantly polysaccharides, triterpenoids, steroids, benzenoids and maleic/succinic acid derivatives. Recent research has revealed that Niuchangchih possesses extensive biological activity, such as hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, immuno-modulatory, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The fruiting bodies and fermented products of Niuchangchih have been reported to exhibit activity when treating liver diseases, such as preventing ethanol-, CCl(4)- and cytokine-induced liver injury, inhibiting the hepatitis B virus, ameliorating fatty liver and liver fibrosis, and inhibiting liver cancer cells. This review will address the protective effects of Niuchangchih on the pathological development of liver diseases, and the underlying mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Hua Ao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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64
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Male KB, Rao YK, Tzeng YM, Montes J, Kamen A, Luong JHT. Probing Inhibitory Effects of Antrodia camphorata Isolates Using Insect Cell-Based Impedance Spectroscopy: Inhibition vs Chemical Structure. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:2127-33. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800202a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith B. Male
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2, Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, 41349 Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yerra Koteswara Rao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2, Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, 41349 Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yew-Min Tzeng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2, Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, 41349 Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johnny Montes
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2, Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, 41349 Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amine Kamen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2, Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, 41349 Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John H. T. Luong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2, Institute of Biotechnology, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, 41349 Taiwan, Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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65
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Shao YY, Chen CC, Wang HY, Chiu HL, Hseu TH, Kuo YH. Chemical constituents ofAntrodia camphoratasubmerged whole broth. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:1151-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410601132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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66
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Chien SC, Chen ML, Kuo HT, Tsai YC, Lin BF, Kuo YH. Anti-inflammatory activities of new succinic and maleic derivatives from the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7017-7022. [PMID: 18642845 DOI: 10.1021/jf801171x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Six new compounds, trans-3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (1), trans-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione (2), cis-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutyldihydrofuran-2,5-dione (3), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (4), 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-isobutylfuran-2,5-dione (5), and dimethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-isobutylmaleate (6), together with one known compound, 3-isobutyl-4-[4-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)phenyl]furan-2,5-dione (7), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia camphorata. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data. To investigate the immunomodulatory potential of the compounds, RAW264.7 macrophage cells were treated with the compounds. Compound 1 significantly increased spontaneous TNF-alpha secretion from unstimulated RAW264.7 cells but suppressed IL-6 production [50% inhibition concentration value (IC50) = 10 microg/mL] in LPS-stimulated cells. Compounds 3, 4, and 6 also suppressed IL-6 production with IC50 values of 17, 18, and 25 microg/mL, respectively, suggesting that these four compounds may have an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophage-mediated responses. Of the six compounds, compound 1 was the most effective, exerting both immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Chien
- Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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67
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Kuo ML. Attempts to bridge the gap between scientific mechanism-based medicine and Chinese herbal extract treatment for asthma. Pediatr Neonatol 2008; 49:101-2. [PMID: 19054913 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-9572(08)60022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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68
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Chen FP, Kung YY, Chen YC, Jong MS, Chen TJ, Chen FJ, Hwang SJ. Frequency and pattern of Chinese herbal medicine prescriptions for chronic hepatitis in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:84-91. [PMID: 18321671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 10/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been commonly used in treating liver diseases in Asian countries. AIM OF STUDY To conduct a large-scale pharmacoepidemiological study and evaluate the frequency and pattern of CHM prescriptions in treating chronic hepatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We obtained the database of traditional Chinese medicine outpatient claims from the national health insurance in Taiwan for the whole 2002. Patients with chronic hepatitis were identified by the corresponding diagnosis of International Classification of Disease among claimed visiting files. Corresponding prescription files were analyzed, and association rule were applied to evaluate the co-prescription of CHM in treating chronic hepatitis. RESULTS Among the 91,080 subjects treated by CHM for chronic hepatitis, the peak age was in the 40 s, followed by 30 s and 50 s. Male/female ratio was 2.07:1. Long-dan-xie-gan-tang and Saliva miltiorrhiza (Dan-shen) were the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula and single herbal drug, respectively. The most common two-drug prescription was Jia-wei-xia-yao-san plus Saliva miltiorrhiza, and the most common three-drug prescription was Jia-wei-xia-yao-san plus Saliva miltiorrhiza and Artemisia capillaries (Yin-chen-hao). CONCLUSIONS This study showed the utilization pattern of Chinese herbal drugs or formulae in treating chronic hepatitis. Further researches and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these Chinese herbs or its ingredients in treating chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Pey Chen
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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69
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Liu DZ, Liang HJ, Chen CH, Su CH, Lee TH, Huang CT, Hou WC, Lin SY, Zhong WB, Lin PJ, Hung LF, Liang YC. Comparative anti-inflammatory characterization of wild fruiting body, liquid-state fermentation, and solid-state culture of Taiwanofungus camphoratus in microglia and the mechanism of its action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:45-53. [PMID: 17590297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Taiwanofungus camphoratus (syn. Antrodia camphorata), a medicinal mushroom in Taiwan, is reputed to provide several therapeutic benefits, but the wild fruiting body is very rare. In this study, we used Taiwanofungus camphoratus extracts from wild fruiting bodies and two types of artificial cultivation (solid-state culture and liquid-state fermentation) to examine their anti-inflammatory effects in microglia cells and their possible roles in protection against neurodegenerative diseases. First, EOC13.31 microglia was treated with various kinds of Taiwanofungus camphoratus extracts and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to evaluate the iNOS expression. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that among the various kinds of extracts from wild fruiting bodies, methanol extracts were the most potent inhibitors of iNOS expression. Secondly, the potency of methanol extracts could be ranked as follows: extracts of wild fruiting body>solid-state culture>liquid-state fermentation. To clarify the mechanisms involved, methanol extracts from fruiting body were found to inhibit the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases (JNK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1) induced by LPS/IFN-gamma. Methanol extracts from fruiting body also inhibited NF-kappaB activation through the prevention of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) degradation. Moreover, methanol extracts from wild fruiting body inhibited both the iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by beta-amyloid in microglia in a dose-dependent manner. In an animal model, we confirmed that methanol extracts from fruiting bodies were able to suppress ear edema, indicating that they have anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. These results suggest that Taiwanofungus camphoratus exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity that might contribute to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Zen Liu
- Graduate Institutes of Biomedical Materials, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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70
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Chang TT, Huang CC, Hsu CH. Inhibition of mite-induced immunoglobulin E synthesis, airway inflammation, and hyperreactivity by herbal medicine STA-1. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2007; 28:683-95. [PMID: 17190743 DOI: 10.1080/08923970601067409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The availability of STA-1 in suppressing allergen-induced immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis, airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in a murine model was investigated. The mice were intraperitoneally sensitized with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group 5 allergen (Der p 5) and orally treated with 300 mg/kg of STA-1 every other day for 14 days. The Der p 5-specific immunologic responses including changes of specific immunoglobulin G and E, cells in the broncholarvage fluid, and airway hyperreactivity were measured when mice received inhalation challenge with Der p 5 after sensitization for 21 days. By comparing with sham-treated groups, the synthesis of Der p 5-specific IgE was downregulated while the influx of eosinophils and neutrophils in the airway were remarkably reduced. In addition, Der p 5-induced airway hyperreactivity also was significantly eliminated by STA-1 treatment. These results showed that STA-1 could effectively suppress the Der p 5-induced allergic reactions, and the availability of STA-1 for the treatment of allergic asthma was demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ti Chang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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71
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Influence of nutritional components and oxygen supply on the mycelial growth and bioactive metabolites production in submerged culture of Antrodia cinnamomea. Process Biochem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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72
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Kang DG, Sohn EJ, Moon MK, Mun YJ, Woo WH, Kim MK, Lee HS. Yukmijihwang-tang ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 104:47-53. [PMID: 16183223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine whether Yukmijihwang-tang (YJT), which is a Korean decoction for the treatment of renal disease, has an effect on renal functional parameters in association with the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP 2), Na,K-ATPase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure (ARF). Polyuria caused by down-regulation of renal AQP 2 in the ischemia/reperfusion-induced ARF rats was markedly restored by administration of YJT (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) with restoring expression of AQP 2 in the kidney. The expressions of Na,K-ATPase alpha1 and beta1 subunits in the renal medulla and cortex of the ARF rats were also restored in them by the administration of YJT. Administration of YJT lowered the expression of renal HO-1, which was up-regulated in rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced ARF. The renal functional parameters including creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, urinary osmolality, and solute-free reabsorption were also markedly restored in ischemia-ARF rats by administration of YJT. Histological study also showed that renal damages in the ARF rats were abrogated by administration of YJT. Taken together, these data indicate that YJT ameliorates renal defects in rats with ischemia/reperfusion-induced ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Gill Kang
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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73
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Lee SKW, Wong CK, Sung RYT, Leung TF, Fung KP, Leung PC, Lam CWK. In vitro anti-allergic activities of a newly concocted traditional Chinese medicine--the wheeze-relief formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:406-12. [PMID: 16169693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Western medications such as glucocorticoids are effective therapeutic agents but may be associated with side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treating allergic diseases with observable clinical benefits. The present study investigated whether a novel TCM concoction, the wheeze-relief formula (WRF), possesses in vitro anti-allergic activities. We measured the effects of WRF on the release of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) by human eosinophils using fluorescence enzyme immunoassay, expression of chemokine receptor CCR3 and adhesion molecule CD49d on eosinophils using immunophenotyping, cytokine induction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using cytometric bead array (CBA), and the gene expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors using cDNA expression array. Results demonstrated that WRF dose-dependently and significantly: (1) suppressed ECP release from eosinophils activated with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and platelet activating factor (PAF); (2) inhibited the expression of CCR3 and CD49d on PAF-activated eosinophils; and (3) attenuated the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and gene expression of IL-2 receptor chain alpha (CD25) on house dust mite (Der p 1) activated PBMC. The above results suggest a possible anti-allergic role of WRF and provide a biochemical basis for further clinical trial on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K W Lee
- Department of Chemical Pathology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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74
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Hsu FL, Chou CJ, Chang YC, Chang TT, Lu MK. Promotion of hyphal growth and underlying chemical changes in Antrodia camphorata by host factors from Cinnamomum camphora. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 106:32-8. [PMID: 16219379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the hyphal growth-promoting factors (HGFs) of Antrodia camphorata from the host-related species, Cinnamomum camphora (CC) and the underlying chemical produced. The HGF was identified in the polysaccharide fraction of CC at levels ranging from 80 to 320 mg L(-1), and it maximally stimulated growth to 5.50 g L(-1) during a 14-day culture period compared to that of the control of 2.88 g L(-1). We also investigated the nature and chemical composition of the CC polysaccharide. Herein, size-exclusion column chromatography followed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography after complete hydrolysis of the CC polysaccharide was performed to derive its molecular weight and sugar composition. The Mw values of the CC polysaccharide were determined to be 728.2, 187.5, 28.7, 7.5, and 1.9 kDa. Compositional analysis of the CC polysaccharide showed that galactosamine, mannose, and glucose were the major monosaccharides. Time-course studies of mycelial extracts of cultures revealed that prolonged incubation with the water-soluble extracts of CC resulted in an increase in the relative amounts of two lanostane-type compounds, i.e., dehydrosulphurenic acid and 15alpha-acetyl-dehydrosulphurenic acid, which are found in the fruiting bodies of A. camphorata. This finding offers the possibility of the reliable production of this medicinal fungus under laboratory conditions compared to its limited slow growth in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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75
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Shen YC, Chou CJ, Wang YH, Chen CF, Chou YC, Lu MK. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts from mycelia of Antrodia camphorata cultured with water-soluble fractions from five different Cinnamomum species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 231:137-43. [PMID: 14769478 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2003] [Revised: 12/01/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies or cultured mycelia of Antrodia camphorata exhibit an anti-hepatitis B virus effect. In this study, we intended to elucidate the anti-inflammatory potency of six mycelial extracts, namely PDB-ext, CK-ext, CM-ext, CO-ext, CC-ext, and CKO-ext, isolated from mycelia of A. camphorata cultured with six different media including potato dextrose broth (PDB) and five water-soluble fractions from the wood of different Cinnamomum species, i.e. C. kanehirae (CK), C. micranthum (CM), C. osmophloeum (CO), C. camphora (CC), and C. kotoense (CKO), against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in peripheral human neutrophils (PMN) or mononuclear cells (MNC). ROS produced by PMN or MNC act as inflammatory mediators and also signal immune responses. Pretreatment with these mycelial extracts (1-50 microg ml(-1)) concentration-dependently diminished fMLP- or PMA-induced ROS production in PMN or MNC, as measured by lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence, with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC(50)) ranging from 2 to 20 microg ml(-1). Among these extracts evaluated, CM-ext, CO-ext, or CKO-ext exhibited higher potency than the others. Using high performance liquid chromatography, we identified two lanostane-type compounds, i.e. dehydrosulfurenic acid and 15alpha-acetyl-dehydrosulfurenic acid, which could be involved in the anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts. The anti-inflammatory actions of these extracts were not due to cytotoxic effects. In summary, these data suggest that extracts from cultured mycelia of A. camphorata display anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production in human leukocytes at a pharmacologically applicable concentration. The biological activities of these extracts were further promoted when the culture medium was replaced with water-soluble fractions isolated from the wood of CM, CO or CKO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Room 739, 155-1, Section 2, Li-Nong Street, Pei-tou District (112), Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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