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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eves-van den Akker
- Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John T. Jones
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Dundee Effector Consortium, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Smant G, Helder J, Goverse A. Parallel adaptations and common host cell responses enabling feeding of obligate and facultative plant parasitic nematodes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:686-702. [PMID: 29277939 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parallel adaptations enabling the use of plant cells as the primary food source have occurred multiple times in distinct nematode clades. The hallmark of all extant obligate and facultative plant-feeding nematodes is the presence of an oral stylet, which is required for penetration of plant cell walls, delivery of pharyngeal gland secretions into host cells and selective uptake of plant assimilates. Plant parasites from different clades, and even within a single clade, display a large diversity in feeding behaviours ranging from short feeding cycles on single cells to prolonged feeding on highly sophisticated host cell complexes. Despite these differences, feeding of nematodes frequently (but certainly not always) induces common responses in host cells (e.g. endopolyploidization and cellular hypertrophy). It is thought that these host cell responses are brought about by the interplay of effectors and other biological active compounds in stylet secretions of feeding nematodes, but this has only been studied for the most advanced sedentary plant parasites. In fact, these responses are thought to be fundamental for prolonged feeding of sedentary plant parasites on host cells. However, as we discuss in this review, some of these common plant responses to independent lineages of plant parasitic nematodes might also be generic reactions to cell stress and as such their onset may not require specific inputs from plant parasitic nematodes. Sedentary plant parasitic nematodes may utilize effectors and their ability to synthesize other biologically active compounds to tailor these common responses for prolonged feeding on host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Smant
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Helder
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Aska Goverse
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
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Bournaud C, Gillet FX, Murad AM, Bresso E, Albuquerque EVS, Grossi-de-Sá MF. Meloidogyne incognita PASSE-MURAILLE (MiPM) Gene Encodes a Cell-Penetrating Protein That Interacts With the CSN5 Subunit of the COP9 Signalosome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:904. [PMID: 29997646 PMCID: PMC6029430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenicity of phytonematodes relies on secreted virulence factors to rewire host cellular pathways for the benefits of the nematode. In the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita, thousands of predicted secreted proteins have been identified and are expected to interact with host proteins at different developmental stages of the parasite. Identifying the host targets will provide compelling evidence about the biological significance and molecular function of the predicted proteins. Here, we have focused on the hub protein CSN5, the fifth subunit of the pleiotropic and eukaryotic conserved COP9 signalosome (CSN), which is a regulatory component of the ubiquitin/proteasome system. We used affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to generate the interaction network of CSN5 in M. incognita-infected roots. We identified the complete CSN complex and other known CSN5 interaction partners in addition to unknown plant and M. incognita proteins. Among these, we described M. incognita PASSE-MURAILLE (MiPM), a small pioneer protein predicted to contain a secretory peptide that is up-regulated mostly in the J2 parasitic stage. We confirmed the CSN5-MiPM interaction, which occurs in the nucleus, by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Using MiPM as bait, a GST pull-down assay coupled with MS revealed some common protein partners between CSN5 and MiPM. We further showed by in silico and microscopic analyses that the recombinant purified MiPM protein enters the cells of Arabidopsis root tips in a non-infectious context. In further detail, the supercharged N-terminal tail of MiPM (NTT-MiPM) triggers an unknown host endocytosis pathway to penetrate the cell. The functional meaning of the CSN5-MiPM interaction in the M. incognita parasitism is discussed. Moreover, we propose that the cell-penetrating properties of some M. incognita secreted proteins might be a non-negligible mechanism for cell uptake, especially during the steps preceding the sedentary parasitic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bournaud
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Caroline Bournaud
| | | | - André M. Murad
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Bresso
- Université de Lorraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Inria, Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications, Nancy, France
| | | | - Maria F. Grossi-de-Sá
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Maria F. Grossi-de-Sá
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Danchin EGJ, Perfus-Barbeoch L, Rancurel C, Thorpe P, Da Rocha M, Bajew S, Neilson R, Guzeeva ES, Da Silva C, Guy J, Labadie K, Esmenjaud D, Helder J, Jones JT, den Akker SEV. The Transcriptomes of Xiphinema index and Longidorus elongatus Suggest Independent Acquisition of Some Plant Parasitism Genes by Horizontal Gene Transfer in Early-Branching Nematodes. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100287. [PMID: 29065523 PMCID: PMC5664137 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematodes have evolved the ability to parasitize plants on at least four independent occasions, with plant parasites present in Clades 1, 2, 10 and 12 of the phylum. In the case of Clades 10 and 12, horizontal gene transfer of plant cell wall degrading enzymes from bacteria and fungi has been implicated in the evolution of plant parasitism. We have used ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNAseq) to generate reference transcriptomes for two economically important nematode species, Xiphinema index and Longidorus elongatus, representative of two genera within the early-branching Clade 2 of the phylum Nematoda. We used a transcriptome-wide analysis to identify putative horizontal gene transfer events. This represents the first in-depth transcriptome analysis from any plant-parasitic nematode of this clade. For each species, we assembled ~30 million Illumina reads into a reference transcriptome. We identified 62 and 104 transcripts, from X. index and L. elongatus, respectively, that were putatively acquired via horizontal gene transfer. By cross-referencing horizontal gene transfer prediction with a phylum-wide analysis of Pfam domains, we identified Clade 2-specific events. Of these, a GH12 cellulase from X. index was analysed phylogenetically and biochemically, revealing a likely bacterial origin and canonical enzymatic function. Horizontal gene transfer was previously shown to be a phenomenon that has contributed to the evolution of plant parasitism among nematodes. Our findings underline the importance and the extensiveness of this phenomenon in the evolution of plant-parasitic life styles in this speciose and widespread animal phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne G J Danchin
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | | | - Corinne Rancurel
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Peter Thorpe
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Dundee Effector Consortium, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Martine Da Rocha
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Simon Bajew
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Dundee Effector Consortium, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences Group, IPM@Hutton, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Elena Sokolova Guzeeva
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Dundee Effector Consortium, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
- Centre of Parasitology of the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Corinne Da Silva
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, 92057, Evry, France.
| | - Julie Guy
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, 92057, Evry, France.
| | - Karine Labadie
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Institut de Génomique (IG), Genoscope, 92057, Evry, France.
| | - Daniel Esmenjaud
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Johannes Helder
- Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - John T Jones
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Group, Dundee Effector Consortium, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9TZ, UK.
| | - Sebastian Eves-van den Akker
- Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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