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Hagger MS, Aşçi FH, Lindwall M, Hein V, Mülazimoğlu-Balli O, Tarrant M, Ruiz YP, Sell V. Cross-cultural validity and measurement invariance of the social physique anxiety scale in five European nations. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 17:703-19. [PMID: 17346291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cross-cultural generalizability of the social physique anxiety scale (SPAS) was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in five European nations: Britain, Estonia, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey. Motl and Conroy's (2000) methods were used to develop modified versions of the scale within each sample based on the original 12-item version. Pending the satisfactory fit of the CFAs of the modified models within each sample, it was expected that the measurement parameters and mean values of these models would be equivalent across samples in multisample CFAs. An eight-item version of the SPAS exhibited a good fit with data from the British, Estonian, and Swedish samples, and a seven-item version fitted the data well in the Spanish and Turkish samples. The eliminated items were also influenced by a method effect associated with the item wording. Multisample analyses revealed that factor loadings were equivalent across samples. Tests of latent means revealed that British and Spanish participants reported the highest levels of SPA, with Estonian participants reporting the lowest. Results indicate that the SPAS is generalizable across these cultures, although subtle variations existed in the Spanish and Turkish samples. Researchers are advised to follow these procedures to develop a valid version of the SPAS appropriate for their sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hagger
- Risk Analysis, Social Processes, and Health Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
This article reviews research on cross-cultural organizational behavior (OB). After a brief review of the history of cross-cultural OB, we review research on work motivation, or the factors that energize, direct, and sustain effort across cultures. We next consider the relationship between the individual and the organization, and review research on culture and organizational commitment, psychological contracts, justice, citizenship behavior, and person-environment fit. Thereafter, we consider how individuals manage their interdependence in organizations, and review research on culture and negotiation and disputing, teams, and leadership, followed by research on managing across borders and expatriation. The review shows that developmentally, cross-cultural research in OB is coming of age. Yet we also highlight critical challenges for future research, including moving beyond values to explain cultural differences, attending to levels of analysis issues, incorporating social and organizational context factors into cross-cultural research, taking indigenous perspectives seriously, and moving beyond intracultural comparisons to understand the dynamics of cross-cultural interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Gelfand
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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Snir R, Harpaz I. The workaholism phenomenon: a cross‐national perspective. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1108/13620430610683034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Elfenbein HA, Shirako A. An Emotion Process Model for Multicultural Teams. RESEARCH ON MANAGING GROUPS AND TEAMS 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1534-0856(06)09011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Current theories of leadership are based mainly on the industrial paradigm emphasizing the preeminence of positional leaders and the machine-like qualities of organizations. Evolutionary and attributional biases tend to reinforce the industrial paradigm. The authors propose an ecological theory of leadership that makes 4 important assertions: (a) Effective leadership processes involve temporary resolutions of a tension between the traditional industrial approach and the neglected ecological approach; (b) specific leaders are less important than they appear because the ecological context is more important than what leaders decide to do; (c) organizations are more adaptive when there is a diversity of genuine input into decision-making processes; and (d) leadership itself is an emergent process arising from the human interactions that make up the organization.
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Low JM, Akande D, Hill C. A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Identity Development: South Africa and the United States. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.1207/s1532706xid0504_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Calvete E, Connor-Smith JK. Automatic Thoughts and Psychological Symptoms: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of American and Spanish Students. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-005-3165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hagger MS, Chatzisarantis NLD, Barkoukis V, Wang CKJ, Baranowski J. Perceived Autonomy Support in Physical Education and Leisure-Time Physical Activity: A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of the Trans-Contextual Model. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.97.3.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hagger MS, Asci FH, Lindwall M. A Cross-Cultural Evaluation of a Multidimensional and Hierarchical Model of Physical Self-Perceptions in Three National Samples1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Theory and research on small group performance and decision making is reviewed. Recent trends in group performance research have found that process gains as well as losses are possible, and both are frequently explained by situational and procedural contexts that differentially affect motivation and resource coordination. Research has continued on classic topics (e.g., brainstorming, group goal setting, stress, and group performance) and relatively new areas (e.g., collective induction). Group decision making research has focused on preference combination for continuous response distributions and group information processing. New approaches (e.g., group-level signal detection) and traditional topics (e.g., groupthink) are discussed. New directions, such as nonlinear dynamic systems, evolutionary adaptation, and technological advances, should keep small group research vigorous well into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert L Kerr
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA.
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Abstract
We focus our review on three universal tasks of human development: relationship formation, knowledge acquisition, and the balance between autonomy and relatedness at adolescence. We present evidence that each task can be addressed through two deeply different cultural pathways through development: the pathways of independence and interdependence. Whereas core theories in developmental psychology are universalistic in their intentions, they in fact presuppose the independent pathway of development. Because the independent pathway is therefore well-known in psychology, we focus a large part of our review on empirically documenting the alternative, interdependent pathway for each developmental task. We also present three theoretical approaches to culture and development: the ecocultural, the sociohistorical, and the cultural values approach. We argue that an understanding of cultural pathways through human development requires all three approaches. We review evidence linking values (cultural values approach), ecological conditions (ecocultural approach), and socialization practices (sociohistorical approach) to cultural pathways through universal developmental tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Greenfield
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Verté S, Roeyers H, Buysse A. Behavioural problems, social competence and self-concept in siblings of children with autism. Child Care Health Dev 2003; 29:193-205. [PMID: 12752610 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2214.2003.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the psychological adjustment of siblings of children with high-functioning autism (HFA) in comparison with siblings of normally developing children in the domain of behavioural problems, social competence and self-concept. METHOD Twenty-nine siblings of children with HFA and 29 siblings of children without a disorder participated in the study. Standardized, written questionnaires were used. RESULTS Siblings of children with HFA, especially brothers and sisters between 6 and 11 years old, had more behavioural problems than siblings of the control group. Sisters of children with HFA ascribed higher social competence to themselves. Sisters of children with HFA between 12 and 16 years old had a more positive self-concept. In both groups siblings with a more negative self-concept had less social skills and siblings with a more positive self-concept scored better in the social domain. Finally, in accordance with the control group, the perception of the siblings' social competence of parents of children with HFA broadly matched the perception siblings had of themselves. DISCUSSION Overall, siblings of children with HFA are not more susceptible to adaptation problems than siblings of children without a disorder. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Verté
- Ghent University, Research Group Developmental Disorders, H. Dunantlaan 2, Belgium.
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Parboteeah KP, Cullen JB. Social Institutions and Work Centrality: Explorations Beyond National Culture. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2003. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.14.2.137.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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d'Ailly H. Children's autonomy and perceived control in learning: A model of motivation and achievement in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Ecologies shape cultures; cultures influence the development of personalities. There are both universal and culture-specific aspects of variation in personality. Some culture-specific aspects correspond to cultural syndromes such as complexity, tightness, individualism, and collectivism. A large body of literature suggests that the Big Five personality factors emerge in various cultures. However, caution is required in arguing for such universality, because most studies have not included emic (culture-specific) traits and have not studied samples that are extremely different in culture from Western samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Triandis
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, USA.
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Basabe N, Paez D, Valencia J, Gonzalez JL, Rimé B, Diener E. Cultural dimensions, socioeconomic development, climate, and emotional hedonic level. Cogn Emot 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/02699930143000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Robert C, Probst TM, Martocchio JJ, Drasgow F, Lawler JJ. Empowerment and continuous improvement in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India: predicting fit on the basis of the dimensions of power distance and individualism. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2000; 85:643-58. [PMID: 11055141 DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.5.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although variations in national cultures predominate as explanation for the belief that universal approaches to management do not exist, there have been few reports of systematic studies. Data from employees of a single firm with operations in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India were used to test the fit of empowerment and continuous improvement practices with national culture. Using the theoretical constructs of individualism-collectivism and power distance, the authors predicted that the practices would be more congruent in some cultures than in others and that value congruence would result in job satisfaction. Using structural equations modeling, the authors found that empowerment was negatively associated with satisfaction in India but positively associated in the other 3 samples. Continuous improvement was positively associated with satisfaction in all samples. Substantive, theoretical, and methodological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Robert
- Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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Uncovering cultural differences in choice behaviour between Samoan and New Zealand consumers: a case study with apples. Food Qual Prefer 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3293(00)00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Realo A, Allik J. A Cross-Cultural Study of Collectivism: A Comparison of American, Estonian, and Russian Students. The Journal of Social Psychology 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00224549909598367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dorfman PW, Howell JP, Hibino S, Lee JK, Tate U, Bautista A. Leadership in Western and Asian countries: Commonalities and differences in effective leadership processes across cultures. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1048-9843(97)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Smith PB, Dugan S, Trompenaars F. Locus of control and affectivity by gender and occupational status: A 14 nation study. SEX ROLES 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02766238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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