51
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Fontes CAP, Dos Santos AASMD, de Oliveira SA, Aidê MA. Influenza A virus H1N1 associated pneumonia - acute and late aspects evaluated with high resolution tomography in hospitalized patients. Multidiscip Respir Med 2020; 15:692. [PMID: 33117533 PMCID: PMC7542991 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2020.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A (H1N1) virus often compromises the respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia, which is the principal cause of death in these patients. The purpose of this study was to review the acute and late phase pulmonary findings in influenza A(H1N1) associated pneumonia using high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and to determine the importance of performing end expiration series. Methods Between July and August 2009, 140 patients presented with influenza A (H1N1) confirmed by real-timepolymerase chain reaction. Out of these, 27 patients underwent HRCT in the acute and late phases of pneumonia, allowing for a comparative study. Late phase exams were performed due to clinical worsening and up to 120 days later in patients with persistent complaints of dyspnea. Results Ground glass opacities, consolidations, and the combination of both were associated with the acute phase, whereas persistence or worsening of the lesions, lesion improvement, and air trapping in the end expiration series (as seen using HRCT, n=6) were observed in the late phase. Conclusions In the HRCT end expiration series, air trapping was found in the late phase of H1N1 associated pneumonia. Generally, these exams are not evaluated in research articles, and air trapping has not previously been studied using the end expiration series. Our study brings more scientific knowledge about aspects of pulmonary involvement by influenza A (H1N1), through evaluation with end expiration series, which makes the CT exam dynamic, translating the respiratory movement, and showing bronchial alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alair Augusto Sarmet Moreira Damas Dos Santos
- Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói.,Imaging Center of the Complex Hospital of Niterói (CHN), Niterói
| | - Solange Artimos de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Miquel Abdon Aidê
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
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52
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Dammes N, Peer D. Monoclonal antibody-based molecular imaging strategies and theranostic opportunities. Theranostics 2020; 10:938-955. [PMID: 31903161 PMCID: PMC6929980 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging modalities hold great potential as less invasive techniques for diagnosis and management of various diseases. Molecular imaging combines imaging agents with targeting moieties to specifically image diseased sites in the body. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become increasingly popular as novel therapeutics against a variety of diseases due to their specificity, affinity and serum stability. Because of the same properties, mAbs are also exploited in molecular imaging to target imaging agents such as radionuclides to the cell of interest in vivo. Many studies investigated the use of mAb-targeted imaging for a variety of purposes, for instance to monitor disease progression and to predict response to a specific therapeutic agent. Herein, we highlighted the application of mAb-targeted imaging in three different types of pathologies: autoimmune diseases, oncology and cardiovascular diseases. We also described the potential of molecular imaging strategies in theranostics and precision medicine. Due to the nearly infinite repertoire of mAbs, molecular imaging can change the future of modern medicine by revolutionizing diagnostics and response prediction in practically any disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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53
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Smith LGF, Milliron E, Ho ML, Hu HH, Rusin J, Leonard J, Sribnick EA. Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: an overview. Neurosurg Focus 2019; 47:E17. [PMID: 32364704 DOI: 10.3171/2019.9.focus19652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition with many potential acute and chronic neurological consequences. Standard initial radiographic evaluation includes noncontrast head CT scanning to rapidly evaluate for pathology that might require intervention. The availability of fast, relatively inexpensive CT imaging has fundamentally changed the clinician's ability to noninvasively visualize neuroanatomy. However, in the context of TBI, limitations of head CT without contrast include poor prognostic ability, inability to analyze cerebral perfusion status, and poor visualization of underlying posttraumatic changes to brain parenchyma. Here, the authors review emerging advanced imaging for evaluation of both acute and chronic TBI and include QuickBrain MRI as an initial imaging modality. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI, MR arterial spin labeling, and perfusion CT are reviewed as methods for examining cerebral blood flow following TBI. The authors evaluate MR-based diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI for prognostication of recovery post-TBI. Finally, MR elastography, MR spectroscopy, and convolutional neural networks are examined as future tools in TBI management. Many imaging technologies are being developed and studied in TBI, and some of these may hold promise in improving the understanding and management of TBI. ABBREVIATIONS ASL = arterial spin labeling; CNN = convolutional neural network; CTP = perfusion CT; DAI = diffuse axonal injury; DMN = default mode network; DOC = disorders of consciousness; DTI = diffusion tensor imaging; FA = fractional anisotropy; fMRI = functional MRI; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; MD = mean diffusivity; MRE = MR elastography; MRS = MR spectroscopy; mTBI = mild TBI; NAA = N-acetylaspartate; SWI = susceptibility-weighted imaging; TBI = traumatic brain injury; UHF = ultra-high field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Milliron
- 2The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; and
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Leonard
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery and.,4Division of Neurological Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eric A Sribnick
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery and.,4Division of Neurological Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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54
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Torbenson M, Washington K. Pathology of liver disease: advances in the last 50 years. Hum Pathol 2019; 95:78-98. [PMID: 31493428 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease has been recognized in various forms for centuries. Incredible advances, however, have been made especially in the last 50 years, driven by improvements in histology, the development of immunostains, the development of high resolution imaging methods, improved biopsy and resection methods, and the emergence of the molecular era. With these tools, pathologists and their clinical and basic science colleagues moved from classifying liver disease using an observational, pattern-based approach to a refined classification of disease, one based on etiology for medical disease and tumor classification for neoplastic disease. Examples of liver specific diseases are used to illustrate these exciting advances. These impressive advances of the past provide the foundation for hope in the future, as liver pathology continues to play an important role in improving patient care through disease identification and classification and emerging roles in guiding therapy for cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Torbenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
| | - Kay Washington
- C-3321 MCN, Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21(st) Avenue S, Nashville, TN 37232.
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55
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Ginja M, Pires MJ, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Seixas F, Correia-Cardoso M, Ferreira R, Fardilha M, Oliveira PA, Faustino-Rocha AI. Anatomy and Imaging of Rat Prostate: Practical Monitoring in Experimental Cancer-Induced Protocols. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E68. [PMID: 31262045 PMCID: PMC6787576 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat has been frequently used as a model to study several human diseases, including cancer. In many research protocols using cancer models, researchers find it difficult to perform several of the most commonly used techniques and to compare their results. Although the protocols for the study of carcinogenesis are based on the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of organs, few studies focus on the use of imaging. The use of imaging modalities to monitor the development of cancer avoids the need for intermediate sacrifice to assess the status of induced lesions, thus reducing the number of animals used in experiments. Our work intends to provide a complete and systematic overview of rat prostate anatomy and imaging, facilitating the monitoring of prostate cancer development through different imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria J Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José M Gonzalo-Orden
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel Correia-Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs (QOPNA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies (ULHT), 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
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Sandoval GA, Brown AD, Wodchis WP, Anderson GM. The relationship between hospital adoption and use of high technology medical imaging and in-patient mortality and length of stay. J Health Organ Manag 2019; 33:286-303. [PMID: 31122120 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-08-2018-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hospital adoption and use of computed tomography (CT) scanners, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines and in-patient mortality and length of stay. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This study used panel data (2007-2010) from 124 hospital corporations operating in Ontario, Canada. Imaging use focused on medical patients accounting for 25 percent of hospital discharges. Main outcomes were in-hospital mortality rates and average length of stay. A model for each outcome-technology combination was built, and controlled for hospital structural characteristics, market factors and patient characteristics. FINDINGS In 2010, 36 and 59 percent of hospitals had adopted MRI machines and CT scanners, respectively. Approximately 23.5 percent of patients received CT scans and 3.5 percent received MRI scans during the study period. Adoption of these technologies was associated with reductions of up to 1.1 percent in mortality rates and up to 4.5 percent in length of stay. The imaging use-mortality relationship was non-linear and varied by technology penetration within hospitals. For CT, imaging use reduced mortality until use reached 19 percent in hospitals with one scanner and 28 percent in hospitals with 2+ scanners. For MRI, imaging use was largely associated with decreased mortality. The use of CT scanners also increased length of stay linearly regardless of technology penetration (4.6 percent for every 10 percent increase in use). Adoption and use of MRI was not associated with length of stay. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that there may be some unnecessary use of imaging, particularly in small hospitals where imaging is contracted out. In larger hospitals, the results highlight the need to further investigate the use of imaging beyond certain thresholds. Independent of the rate of imaging use, the results also indicate that the presence of CT and MRI devices within a hospital benefits quality and efficiency. ORIGINALITY/VALUE To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the combined effect of adoption and use of medical imaging on outcomes specific to CT scanners and MRI machines in the context of hospital in-patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo A Sandoval
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Adalsteinn D Brown
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Walter P Wodchis
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Geoffrey M Anderson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
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57
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Levine AB, Schlosser C, Grewal J, Coope R, Jones SJM, Yip S. Rise of the Machines: Advances in Deep Learning for Cancer Diagnosis. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:157-169. [PMID: 30898263 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning refers to a set of computer models that have recently been used to make unprecedented progress in the way computers extract information from images. These algorithms have been applied to tasks in numerous medical specialties, most extensively radiology and pathology, and in some cases have attained performance comparable to human experts. Furthermore, it is possible that deep learning could be used to extract data from medical images that would not be apparent by human analysis and could be used to inform on molecular status, prognosis, or treatment sensitivity. In this review, we outline the current developments and state-of-the-art in applying deep learning for cancer diagnosis, and discuss the challenges in adapting the technology for widespread clinical deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Levine
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin Schlosser
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jasleen Grewal
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robin Coope
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steve J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Yip
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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58
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Prabhakar B, Shende P, Augustine S. Current trends and emerging diagnostic techniques for lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1586-1599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Improvement in radiological reading efficiency and residents' education and clinical contribution using the modified reading system "Triage Reader". Jpn J Radiol 2018; 36:649-660. [PMID: 30173283 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-018-0772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether the modified reading system "Triage Reader" (TR) can improve the radiological reading work environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective, single-center study analyzed two reading systems for 26,786 computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. In the conventional system (January 1-May 31, 2016), all reading work was mostly completed within the day. In the TR system (January 1-May 31, 2017), a radiology resident (TR) first read every image immediately after the examination and tagged each examination according to actual image findings and clinical demands. Routine reading work was finished when all high-priority cases were completed. Low-priority cases were assessed the following day. RESULTS When using the TR system, the mean reading number in the evening decreased (P = 0.009). The mean elapsed time to finalize report of case with actual urgent image finding shortened from 4.26 to 1.97 h (P < 0.0001). The mean number of cases experienced per resident increased from 5.4 to 28.7 (P < 0.001). Subjective evaluation revealed a significant improvement in "Reading efficiency" and "Contribution to clinical practice." CONCLUSION Introduction of the TR system can improve the reading efficiency and quality, educational effect among residents by increasing the number of experienced cases and work satisfaction.
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60
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Chacón G, Rodríguez JE, Bermúdez V, Vera M, Hernández JD, Vargas S, Pardo A, Lameda C, Madriz D, Bravo AJ. Computational assessment of stomach tumor volume from multi-slice computerized tomography images in presence of type 2 cancer. F1000Res 2018; 7:1098. [PMID: 30473775 PMCID: PMC6234734 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14491.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The multi–slice computerized tomography (MSCT) is a medical imaging modality that has been used to determine the size and location of the stomach cancer. Additionally, MSCT is considered the best modality for the staging of gastric cancer. One way to assess the type 2 cancer of stomach is by detecting the pathological structure with an image segmentation approach. The tumor segmentation of MSCT gastric cancer images enables the diagnosis of the disease condition, for a given patient, without using an invasive method as surgical intervention. Methods: This approach consists of three stages. The initial stage, an image enhancement, consists of a method for correcting non homogeneities present in the background of MSCT images. Then, a segmentation stage using a clustering method allows to obtain the adenocarcinoma morphology. In the third stage, the pathology region is reconstructed and then visualized with a three–dimensional (3–D) computer graphics procedure based on marching cubes algorithm. In order to validate the segmentations, the Dice score is used as a metric function useful for comparing the segmentations obtained using the proposed method with respect to ground truth volumes traced by a clinician. Results: A total of 8 datasets available for patients diagnosed, from the cancer data collection of the project, Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGASTAD) is considered in this research. The volume of the type 2 stomach tumor is estimated from the 3–D shape computationally segmented from the each dataset. These 3–D shapes are computationally reconstructed and then used to assess the morphopathology macroscopic features of this cancer. Conclusions: The segmentations obtained are useful for assessing qualitatively and quantitatively the stomach type 2 cancer. In addition, this type of segmentation allows the development of computational models that allow the planning of virtual surgical processes related to type 2 cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Chacón
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia.,Grupo de Automatización y Control, Universidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Johel E Rodríguez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Miguel Vera
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Procesamiento Computacional de Datos, Universidad de Los Andes-Táchira, San Cristóbal, 5001, Venezuela
| | | | - Sandra Vargas
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Aldo Pardo
- Grupo de Automatización y Control, Universidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Carlos Lameda
- Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica Antonio José de Sucre, Barquisimeto, 3001, Venezuela
| | - Delia Madriz
- Programa Calidad y Productividad Organizacional, Decanato de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, 5001, Venezuela
| | - Antonio J Bravo
- Programa Calidad y Productividad Organizacional, Decanato de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, 5001, Venezuela
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61
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Chacón G, Rodríguez JE, Bermúdez V, Vera M, Hernández JD, Vargas S, Pardo A, Lameda C, Madriz D, Bravo AJ. Computational assessment of stomach tumor volume from multi-slice computerized tomography images in presence of type 2 cancer. F1000Res 2018; 7:1098. [PMID: 30473775 PMCID: PMC6234734 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14491.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The multi-slice computerized tomography (MSCT) is a medical imaging modality that has been used to determine the size and location of the stomach cancer. Additionally, MSCT is considered the best modality for the staging of gastric cancer. One way to assess the type 2 cancer of stomach is by detecting the pathological structure with an image segmentation approach. The tumor segmentation of MSCT gastric cancer images enables the diagnosis of the disease condition, for a given patient, without using an invasive method as surgical intervention. Methods: This approach consists of three stages. The initial stage, an image enhancement, consists of a method for correcting non homogeneities present in the background of MSCT images. Then, a segmentation stage using a clustering method allows to obtain the adenocarcinoma morphology. In the third stage, the pathology region is reconstructed and then visualized with a three-dimensional (3-D) computer graphics procedure based on marching cubes algorithm. In order to validate the segmentations, the Dice score is used as a metric function useful for comparing the segmentations obtained using the proposed method with respect to ground truth volumes traced by a clinician. Results: A total of 8 datasets available for patients diagnosed, from the cancer data collection of the project, Cancer Genome Atlas Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGASTAD) is considered in this research. The volume of the type 2 stomach tumor is estimated from the 3-D shape computationally segmented from the each dataset. These 3-D shapes are computationally reconstructed and then used to assess the morphopathology macroscopic features of this cancer. Conclusions: The segmentations obtained are useful for assessing qualitatively and quantitatively the stomach type 2 cancer. In addition, this type of segmentation allows the development of computational models that allow the planning of virtual surgical processes related to type 2 cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Chacón
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
- Grupo de Automatización y Control, Universidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Johel E. Rodríguez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Miguel Vera
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Procesamiento Computacional de Datos, Universidad de Los Andes-Táchira, San Cristóbal, 5001, Venezuela
| | | | - Sandra Vargas
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Aldo Pardo
- Grupo de Automatización y Control, Universidad de Pamplona, Cúcuta, 540004, Colombia
| | - Carlos Lameda
- Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica Antonio José de Sucre, Barquisimeto, 3001, Venezuela
| | - Delia Madriz
- Programa Calidad y Productividad Organizacional, Decanato de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, 5001, Venezuela
| | - Antonio J. Bravo
- Programa Calidad y Productividad Organizacional, Decanato de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira, San Cristóbal, 5001, Venezuela
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Utilization of virtual mono-energetic images (MonoE) derived from a dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) for the assessment of abdominal arteries in venous contrast phase scans. Eur J Radiol 2017; 99:28-33. [PMID: 29362148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the utilization of virtual mono-energetic images (MonoE) at low kiloelectron volt (keV) levels derived from a dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) for the assessment of abdominal arteries in venous contrast phase scans using arterial phase imaging as an internal reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients who received arterial and venous phase imaging of the abdomen on a SDCT system were included in this study. Absolute attenuation, noise, signal- and contrast to noise ratios (SNR; CNR) as well as arterial diameters in defined landmarks were assessed. In arterial phase, conventional reconstructions (CRART) as well as MonoEART at 40keV and in venous phase, conventional reconstructions (CRVEN) as well as MonoEVEN at 70 and 40keV were investigated and intra-individual comparisons were performed. If an artery stenosis (10 patients) was present, the degree of stenosis was assessed according to the system of the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). RESULTS MonoE 40keV yielded significantly higher attenuation values (in arterial as well as in venous phase) compared to CRART (p<0.001) while noise levels were substantially low. This resulted in markedly superior SNR and CNR in large vessel compared to CRART. Luminal diameters were significantly smaller in MonoE 40keV in both contrast phases compared to CRART (p<0.001), whereas no significant differences were found between both MonoE reconstructions (p≥0.92). The degree of vessel stenosis was significantly higher in MonoE 40keV of both contrast phases compared to CRART (p≥0.02). CONCLUSION MonoE at low keV of venous contrast phase scans derived from a novel SDCT are suitable for the assessment of arteries in the abdomen and subsequent stenosis assessment. However, MonoE at 40keV constantly showed significant smaller luminal diameters than the corresponding conventional reconstructions (including the reference standard). This is possibly due to an improved differentiation of the vessel lumen from the wall and raises the question, which imaging technique should be used as an appropriate reference standard for vascular SDCT imaging studies.
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63
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Greenberg AM. Advanced dental implant placement techniques. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2017; 51:S76-S89. [PMID: 29354312 PMCID: PMC5750831 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.17594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of in office Cone Beam CT (CBCT) scanners, dental implant planning software, CAD CAM milling, and rapid printing technologies allow for the precise placement of dental implants and immediate prosthetic temporization. These technologies allow for flapless implant placement, or open flap bone reduction for "All on 4" techniques with improved preoperative planning and intraoperative performance. CBCT permits practitioners in an office setting with powerful diagnostic capabilities for the evaluation of bone quality and quantity, as well as dental and osseous pathology essential for better informed dental implant treatment. CBCT provides the convenience of in office imaging and decreased radiation exposure. Rapid printing technologies provide decreased time and high accuracy for bone model and surgical guide fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Greenberg
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, Attending, The New York Presbyterian Hospital, The Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, and Mount West Hospital, New York, NY,USA
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Frush DP, Perez MDR. Children, medical radiation and the environment: An important dialogue. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:358-363. [PMID: 28391175 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There are unique considerations in the medical care of children, which includes the use of medical imaging. Medical imaging is frequently necessary and is essential in diagnosis and management of children with illness and injury. Much of medical imaging requires ionizing radiation. While virtually all diagnostic imaging radiation is considered low-dose level, there is still a broad misperception about what modalities use ionizing radiation and how much radiation risk exists in the medical environment. A discussion of radiation exposure is especially relevant in children due to their increased vulnerability, including to radiation-induced cancer. Ionizing radiation is both naturally occurring and man-made, including medical sources that have been increasing over the past few decades and can vary in radiation dose both between different modalities and for similar examinations. Perspectives vary regarding cancer risk and levels of radiation resulting from diagnostic imaging, however most medical and scientific organization support the perspective that the risk of cancer at these levels is uncertain. It is important to have balanced and informed resources for the use of ionizing radiation in the care of children, and it is equally important to assure that the delivery of this content is appropriate to the audience to which it is intended. For these reasons, it is valuable to review the issues related to use of ionizing radiation in medical imaging in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald P Frush
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, 1905 McGovern-Davison Children's Health Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Maria Del Rosario Perez
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health (PHE), Cluster of Family, Women's and Children's Health (FWC), World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
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Burmester GR, Bijlsma JWJ, Cutolo M, McInnes IB. Managing rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases — past, present and future. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:443-448. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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66
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The value of initial sonography compared to supplementary CT for diagnosing right-sided colonic diverticulitis. Jpn J Radiol 2017; 35:358-365. [DOI: 10.1007/s11604-017-0646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Patino M, Prochowski A, Agrawal MD, Simeone FJ, Gupta R, Hahn PF, Sahani DV. Material Separation Using Dual-Energy CT: Current and Emerging Applications. Radiographics 2017; 36:1087-105. [PMID: 27399237 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT) offers the opportunity to generate material-specific images on the basis of the atomic number Z and the unique mass attenuation coefficient of a particular material at different x-ray energies. Material-specific images provide qualitative and quantitative information about tissue composition and contrast media distribution. The most significant contribution of DE CT-based material characterization comes from the capability to assess iodine distribution through the creation of an image that exclusively shows iodine. These iodine-specific images increase tissue contrast and amplify subtle differences in attenuation between normal and abnormal tissues, improving lesion detection and characterization in the abdomen. In addition, DE CT enables computational removal of iodine influence from a CT image, generating virtual noncontrast images. Several additional materials, including calcium, fat, and uric acid, can be separated, permitting imaging assessment of metabolic imbalances, elemental deficiencies, and abnormal deposition of materials within tissues. The ability to obtain material-specific images from a single, contrast-enhanced CT acquisition can complement the anatomic knowledge with functional information, and may be used to reduce the radiation dose by decreasing the number of phases in a multiphasic CT examination. DE CT also enables generation of energy-specific and virtual monochromatic images. Clinical applications of DE CT leverage both material-specific images and virtual monochromatic images to expand the current role of CT and overcome several limitations of single-energy CT. (©)RSNA, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Patino
- From the Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.P., A.P., M.D.A., F.J.S., R.G., D.V.S.), and Department of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention (P.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Andrea Prochowski
- From the Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.P., A.P., M.D.A., F.J.S., R.G., D.V.S.), and Department of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention (P.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Mukta D Agrawal
- From the Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.P., A.P., M.D.A., F.J.S., R.G., D.V.S.), and Department of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention (P.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Frank J Simeone
- From the Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.P., A.P., M.D.A., F.J.S., R.G., D.V.S.), and Department of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention (P.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Rajiv Gupta
- From the Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.P., A.P., M.D.A., F.J.S., R.G., D.V.S.), and Department of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention (P.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Peter F Hahn
- From the Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.P., A.P., M.D.A., F.J.S., R.G., D.V.S.), and Department of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention (P.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Dushyant V Sahani
- From the Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology (M.P., A.P., M.D.A., F.J.S., R.G., D.V.S.), and Department of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention (P.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
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Chen Y, Liu J, Hu Y, Yang J, Shi L, Shu H, Gui Z, Coatrieux G, Luo L. Discriminative feature representation: an effective postprocessing solution to low dose CT imaging. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:2103-2131. [PMID: 28212114 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5c24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a concise and effective approach termed discriminative feature representation (DFR) for low dose computerized tomography (LDCT) image processing, which is currently a challenging problem in medical imaging field. This DFR method assumes LDCT images as the superposition of desirable high dose CT (HDCT) 3D features and undesirable noise-artifact 3D features (the combined term of noise and artifact features induced by low dose scan protocols), and the decomposed HDCT features are used to provide the processed LDCT images with higher quality. The target HDCT features are solved via the DFR algorithm using a featured dictionary composed by atoms representing HDCT features and noise-artifact features. In this study, the featured dictionary is efficiently built using physical phantom images collected from the same CT scanner as the target clinical LDCT images to process. The proposed DFR method also has good robustness in parameter setting for different CT scanner types. This DFR method can be directly applied to process DICOM formatted LDCT images, and has good applicability to current CT systems. Comparative experiments with abdomen LDCT data validate the good performance of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Image Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China. Centre de Recherche en Information Biomedicale Sino-Francais (LIA CRIBs), Rennes, France. Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Radiation and potential risk during medical imaging is one of the foremost issues for the imaging community. Because of this, there are growing demands for accountability, including appropriate use of ionizing radiation in diagnostic and image-guided procedures. Factors contributing to this include increasing use of medical imaging; increased scrutiny (from awareness to alarm) by patients/caregivers and the public over radiation risk; and mounting calls for accountability from regulatory, accrediting, healthcare coverage (e.g., Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services), and advisory agencies and organizations as well as industry (e.g., NEMA XR-29, Standard Attributes on CT Equipment Related to Dose Optimization and Management). Current challenges include debates over uncertainty with risks with low-level radiation; lack of fully developed and targeted products for diagnostic imaging and radiation dose monitoring; lack of resources for and clarity surrounding dose monitoring programs; inconsistencies across and between practices for design, implementation and audit of dose monitoring programs; lack of interdisciplinary programs for radiation protection of patients; potential shortages in personnel for these and other consensus efforts; and training concerns as well as inconsistencies for competencies throughout medical providers' careers for radiation protection of patients. Medical care providers are currently in a purgatory between quality- and value-based imaging paradigms, a state that has yet to mature to reward this move to quality-based performance. There are also deficits in radiation expertise personnel in medicine. For example, health physics academic programs and graduates have recently declined, and medical physics residency openings are currently at a third of the number of graduates. However, leveraging solutions to the medical needs will require money and resources, beyond personnel alone. Energy and capital will need to be directed to:• innovative and cooperative cross-disciplinary institutional/practice oversight of and guidance for the use of diagnostic imaging (e.g., radiology, surgical specialties, cardiologists, and intensivists);• initiatives providing practical benchmarks (e.g., dose index registries);• comprehensive (consisting of access, integrity, metrology, analytics, informatics) and effective and efficient dose monitoring programs;• collaboration with industry;• improved use of imaging, such as through decision support combined with evidence-based appropriateness for imaging use;• integration with e-health such as medical records;• education, including information extending beyond the medical imaging community that is relevant to patients, public, and providers and administration;• identification of opportunities for alignment with salient media and advocacy organizations to deliver balanced information regarding medical radiation and risk;• open lines of communication between medical radiation experts and appropriate bodies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the Joint Commission to assure appropriate guidance on documents and actions originating from these organizations; and• increased grant funding to foster translational work that advances understanding of low-level radiation and biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald P Frush
- *1905 McGovern-Davison Children's Health Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Bashshur RL, Krupinski EA, Thrall JH, Bashshur N. The Empirical Foundations of Teleradiology and Related Applications: A Review of the Evidence. Telemed J E Health 2016; 22:868-898. [PMID: 27585301 PMCID: PMC5107673 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiology was founded on a technological discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. Teleradiology also had its roots in technology dating back to 1947 with the successful transmission of radiographic images through telephone lines. Diagnostic radiology has become the eye of medicine in terms of diagnosing and treating injury and disease. This article documents the empirical foundations of teleradiology. METHODS A selective review of the credible literature during the past decade (2005-2015) was conducted, using robust research design and adequate sample size as criteria for inclusion. FINDINGS The evidence regarding feasibility of teleradiology and related information technology applications has been well documented for several decades. The majority of studies focused on intermediate outcomes, as indicated by comparability between teleradiology and conventional radiology. A consistent trend of concordance between the two modalities was observed in terms of diagnostic accuracy and reliability. Additional benefits include reductions in patient transfer, rehospitalization, and length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H. Thrall
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Noura Bashshur
- University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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71
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Meng Q, Lu Y, Shi L, Lei Y. The posterior groove as a landmark for location of the palatovaginal canal in axial computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat 2016; 38:825-33. [PMID: 26831327 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-016-1628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate use of posterior groove of palatovaginal (PV) canal as an anatomic landmark in determining the location of PV canal in axial computed tomography (CT) images of pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). METHODS A total of 20 skull specimens were examined in this analysis. Each skull was scanned by CT with and without a probe inserted through PV canal to measure the anatomic structures. CT images of 70 patients were used for comparing the rate of correct location of PV canal between the conventional method (using the vidian canal as a landmark) and the method of using the posterior groove as a landmark. Two skulls were dissected using endoscopy to further reveal the advantage of the posterior groove as a landmark. RESULTS In all 20 skull specimens, the groove showed the morphology of a narrow groove and elliptical fossa in 24 and 16 sides, respectively. In CT images, the angle from PV canal and the posterior groove to the hard palate was 53.14° ± 5.48° and 20.93° ± 6.28°, respectively, which was significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). The rate of correct location of PV canal was statistically significantly higher with the method of posterior groove as a landmark than the conventional method (70.7 vs 49.3 %, P < 0.05). The endoscopic anatomy of the posterior groove and its use in locating the PV canal were described. CONCLUSION The posterior groove can be used as an anatomic landmark in correctly locating PV canal in the axial CT image of the PPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen Second Hospital, 3002 Sungang Xi Road, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtian Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shenzhen Second Hospital, 3002 Sungang Xi Road, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Second Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Mileto A, Heye TJ, Makar RA, Hurwitz LM, Marin D, Boll DT. Regional Mapping of Aortic Wall Stress by Using Deformable, Motion-coherent Modeling based on Electrocardiography-gated Multidetector CT Angiography: Feasibility Study. Radiology 2016; 280:230-6. [PMID: 26780540 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015151078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of deformable, motion-coherent modeling based on electrocardiography-gated multidetector computed tomographic (CT) angiography of the thoracic aorta and to evaluate whether quantifiable information on aortic wall stress as a function of patient-specific cardiovascular parameters can be gained. Materials and Methods For this institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant study, thoracic electrocardiography-gated dual-source multidetector CT angiographic images were used from 250 prospectively enrolled patients (150 men, 100 women; mean age, 79 years). On reconstructed 50-phase CT angiographic images, aortic strain and deformation were determined at seven cardiac and aortic locations. One-way analysis of variance was used by assessing the magnitude for longitudinal and axial strain and axial deformation, as well as time-resolved peak and maxima count for longitudinal strain and axial deformation. Interdependencies between aortic strain and deformation with extracted hemodynamic parameters were evaluated. Results With increasing heart rates, there was a significant decrease in longitudinal strain (P = .009, R(2) = 0.95) and a decrease in the number of longitudinal strain peaks (P < .001, R(2) = 0.79); however, a significant increase in axial deformation (P < .001, R(2) = 0.31) and axial strain (P = .009, R(2) = 0.61) was observed. Increasing aortic blood velocity led to increased longitudinal strain (P = .018, R(2) = 0.42) and longitudinal strain peak counts (P = .011, R(2) = 0.48). Pronounced motion in the longitudinal direction limited motion in the axial plane (P < .019, R(2) = 0.29-0.31). Conclusion The results of this study render a clinical basis and provide proof of principle for the use of deformable, motion-coherent modeling to provide quantitative information on physiological motion of the aorta under various hemodynamic circumstances. (©) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Mileto
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.M., R.A.M., L.M.H., D.M., D.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4048 Basel, Switzerland (T.J.H., D.T.B.)
| | - Tobias J Heye
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.M., R.A.M., L.M.H., D.M., D.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4048 Basel, Switzerland (T.J.H., D.T.B.)
| | - Ryan A Makar
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.M., R.A.M., L.M.H., D.M., D.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4048 Basel, Switzerland (T.J.H., D.T.B.)
| | - Lynne M Hurwitz
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.M., R.A.M., L.M.H., D.M., D.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4048 Basel, Switzerland (T.J.H., D.T.B.)
| | - Daniele Marin
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.M., R.A.M., L.M.H., D.M., D.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4048 Basel, Switzerland (T.J.H., D.T.B.)
| | - Daniel T Boll
- From the Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.M., R.A.M., L.M.H., D.M., D.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Basel, 4048 Basel, Switzerland (T.J.H., D.T.B.)
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73
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Applegate K. Image Gently: A campaign to promote radiation protection for children worldwide. SA J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v19i2.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of raising awareness and developing stakeholder educational tools for the appropriate imaging of children, the Image Gently campaign was launched in 2007. This campaign is a product of a multidisciplinary alliance with international representation which now numbers nearly 100 medical and dental professional societies and organisations, and includes regulatory organisations. The alliance focuses on increasing awareness and developing education materials that support the protection of children worldwide from unnecessary radiation in medicine. The alliance members work with agencies and regulatory bodies to improve standards and measures that are specific to children. The campaign has produced open source modules for all stakeholders regarding CT, fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, digital radiography and dental imaging. The philosophy of the Image Gently steering committee is to collaborate, to share information freely, to keep messaging simple and to commit to lifelong learning. Many healthcare practitioners may not understand how to decrease children’s radiation exposure; the goal of Image Gently is to increase all stakeholders’ understanding of both the benefits and the risks and to encourage radiation reduction strategies. This article summarises the rationale and goals of the global campaign to date.
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Bannas P, Li Y, Motosugi U, Li K, Lubner M, Chen GH, Pickhardt PJ. Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing Metal Artifact Reduction (PICCS-MAR): 2D and 3D Image Quality Improvement with Hip Prostheses at CT Colonography. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2039-46. [PMID: 26521266 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of the prior-image-constrained-compressed-sensing-based metal-artefact-reduction (PICCS-MAR) algorithm on streak artefact reduction and 2D and 3D-image quality improvement in patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) undergoing CT colonography (CTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS PICCS-MAR was applied to filtered-back-projection (FBP)-reconstructed DICOM CTC-images in 52 patients with THA (unilateral, n = 30; bilateral, n = 22). For FBP and PICCS-MAR series, ROI-measurements of CT-numbers were obtained at predefined levels for fat, muscle, air, and the most severe artefact. Two radiologists independently reviewed 2D and 3D CTC-images and graded artefacts and image quality using a five-point-scale (1 = severe streak/no-diagnostic confidence, 5 = no streak/excellent image-quality, high-confidence). Results were compared using paired and unpaired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney-tests. RESULTS Streak artefacts and image quality scores for FBP versus PICCS-MAR 2D-images (median: 1 vs. 3 and 2 vs. 3, respectively) and 3D images (median: 2 vs. 4 and 3 vs. 4, respectively) showed significant improvement after PICCS-MAR (all P < 0.001). PICCS-MAR significantly improved the accuracy of mean CT numbers for fat, muscle and the area with the most severe artefact (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PICCS-MAR substantially reduces streak artefacts related to THA on DICOM images, thereby enhancing visualization of anatomy on 2D and 3D CTC images and increasing diagnostic confidence. KEY POINTS • PICCS-MAR significantly reduces streak artefacts associated with total hip arthroplasty on 2D and 3D CTC. • PICCS-MAR significantly improves 2D and 3D CTC image quality and diagnostic confidence. • PICCS-MAR can be applied retrospectively to DICOM images from single-kVp CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bannas
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yinsheng Li
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Utaroh Motosugi
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Meghan Lubner
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Guang-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Wang J, Choi HS, Wáng YXJ. Exponential growth of publications on carbon nanodots by Chinese authors. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:E201-5. [PMID: 26380753 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Publication statistics was retrieved on carbon nanodots (C-dots) from 2004 up till 2014 using the web of Science(TM) search engine. The number of publications from Chinese authors increased exponentially during this period. Till 2014 China mainland authors contributed 47% of the total publications. Publications on pharmacology and toxicology lagged far behind the publications on chemistry and material science, indicating that research is not solidly moving toward the direction of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yì-Xiáng J Wáng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China ; 2 Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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McLaughlin PD, Mallinson P, Lourenco P, Nicolaou S. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Advantages in the Acute Setting. Radiol Clin North Am 2015; 53:619-38, vii. [PMID: 26046502 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to inform and update emergency radiologists in respect of the clinically relevant benefits that dual-energy computed tomography (CT) contributes over conventional single-energy CT in the emergency setting using practical imaging examples. Particular emphasis will be placed on acute gout, bone marrow edema, acute renal colic, acute cardiovascular and neurovascular emergencies aswell as characterization of abdominal incidentalomas. The relevant scientific literature will be summarized and limitations of the technique also will be emphasized to provide the reader with a rounded concept of the current state of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D McLaughlin
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, 899 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - Paul Mallinson
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, 899 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Pedro Lourenco
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, 899 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, 899 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reed Dunnick
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, University Hospital, Room B1G503, Box 0030, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0030
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Baetke SC, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Applications of nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150207. [PMID: 25969868 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a plethora of nanoparticles have been developed and evaluated and a real hype has been created around their potential application as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Despite their suggestion as potential diagnostic agents, only a single diagnostic nanoparticle formulation, namely iron oxide nanoparticles, has found its way into clinical routine so far. This fact is primarily due to difficulties in achieving appropriate pharmacokinetic properties and a reproducible synthesis of monodispersed nanoparticles. Furthermore, concerns exist about their biodegradation, elimination and toxicity. The majority of nanoparticle formulations that are currently routinely used in the clinic are used for therapeutic purposes. These therapeutic nanoparticles aim to more efficiently deliver a (chemo-) therapeutic drug to the pathological site, while avoiding its accumulation in healthy organs and tissues, and are predominantly based on the "enhanced permeability and retention" (EPR) effect. Furthermore, based on their ability to integrate diagnostic and therapeutic entities within a single nanoparticle formulation, nanoparticles hold great promise for theranostic purposes and are considered to be highly useful for personalizing nanomedicine-based treatments. In this review article, we present applications of diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles, summarize frequently used non-invasive imaging techniques and describe the role of EPR in the accumulation of nanotheranostic formulations. In this context, the clinical potential of nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery for individualized and improved (chemo-) therapeutic interventions is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Baetke
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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