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Roche CJ, Cassera MB, Dantsker D, Hirsch RE, Friedman JM. Generating S-nitrosothiols from hemoglobin: mechanisms, conformational dependence, and physiological relevance. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22408-25. [PMID: 23775069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.482679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro, ferrous deoxy-hemes in hemoglobin (Hb) react with nitrite to generate nitric oxide (NO) through a nitrite reductase reaction. In vivo studies indicate Hb with nitrite can be a source of NO bioactivity. The nitrite reductase reaction does not appear to account fully for this activity because free NO is short lived especially within the red blood cell. Thus, the exporting of NO bioactivity both out of the RBC and over a large distance requires an additional mechanism. A nitrite anhydrase (NA) reaction in which N2O3, a potent S-nitrosating agent, is produced through the reaction of NO with ferric heme-bound nitrite has been proposed (Basu, S., Grubina, R., Huang, J., Conradie, J., Huang, Z., Jeffers, A., Jiang, A., He, X., Azarov, I., Seibert, R., Mehta, A., Patel, R., King, S. B., Hogg, N., Ghosh, A., Gladwin, M. T., and Kim-Shapiro, D. B. (2007) Nat. Chem. Biol. 3, 785-794) as a possible mechanism. Legitimate concerns, including physiological relevance and the nature of the mechanism, have been raised concerning the NA reaction. This study addresses these concerns demonstrating NO and nitrite with ferric hemes under near physiological conditions yield an intermediate having the properties of the purported NA heme-bound N2O3 intermediate. The results indicate that ferric heme sites, traditionally viewed as a source of potential toxicity, can be functionally significant, especially for partially oxygenated/partially met-R state Hb that arises from the NO dioxygenation reaction. In the presence of low levels of nitrite and either NO or a suitable reductant such as L-cysteine, these ferric heme sites can function as a generator for the formation of S-nitrosothiols such as S-nitrosoglutathione and, as such, should be considered as a source of RBC-derived and exportable bioactive NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille J Roche
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Petruk AA, Vergara A, Estrin D, Merlino A. Molecular basis of the NO trans influence in quaternary T-state human hemoglobin: A computational study. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2393-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cabrales P, Friedman JM. HBOC vasoactivity: interplay between nitric oxide scavenging and capacity to generate bioactive nitric oxide species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2284-97. [PMID: 23249305 PMCID: PMC3638560 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite many advances in blood substitute research, the development of materials that are effective in maintaining blood volume and oxygen delivery remains a priority for emergency care and trauma. Clinical trials on hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have not provided information on the mechanism of toxicity, although all commercial formulations have safety concerns. Specifically, it is important to reconcile the different hypotheses of Hb toxicity, such as nitric oxide (NO) depletion and oxidative reactions, to provide a coherent molecular basis for designing a safe HBOC. RECENT ADVANCES HBOCs with different sizes often exhibit differences in the degree of HBOC-induced vasoactivity. This has been attributed to differences in the degree of NO scavenging and in the extent of Hb extravasation. Additionally, it is appears that Hb can undergo reactions that compensate for NO scavenging by generating bioactive forms of NO. CRITICAL ISSUES Engineering modifications to enhance bioactive NO production can result in diminished oxygen delivery by virtue of increased oxygen affinity. This strategy can prevent the HBOC from fulfilling the intended goal on preserving oxygenation; however, the NO production effects will increase perfusion and oxygen transport. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Hb modifications influence NO scavenging and the capacity of certain HBOCs to compensate for NO scavenging through nitrite-mediated reactions that generate bioactive NO. Based on the current understanding of these NO-related factors, possible synthetic strategies are presented that address how HBOC formulations can be prepared that: (i) effectively deliver oxygen, (ii) maintain tissue perfusion, and (iii) limit/reverse underlying inflammation within the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There has been a striking advancement in our understanding of red cell substitutes over the past decade. Although regulatory oversight has influenced many aspects of product development in this period, those who have approached the demonstration of efficacy of red cell substitutes have failed to understand their implication at the level of the microcirculation, where blood interacts closely with tissue. RECENT ADVANCES The understanding of the adverse effects of acellular hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) has fortunately expanded from Hb-induced renal toxicity to a more complete list of biochemical mechanism. In addition, various unexpected adverse reactions were seen in early clinical studies. The effects of the presence of acellular Hb in plasma are relatively unique because of the convergence of mechanical and biochemical natures. CRITICAL ISSUES Controlling the variables using genetic engineering and chemical modification to change specific characteristics of the Hb molecule may allow for solving the complex multivariate problems of acellular Hb vasoactivity. HBOCs may never be rendered free of negative effects; however, quantifying the nature and extent of microvascular complications establishes a platform for designing new ameliorative therapies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It is time to leave behind the study of vasoactivity and toxicity based on bench-top measurements of biochemical changes and those based solely on systemic parameters in vivo, and move to a more holistic analysis of the mechanisms creating the problems, complemented with meaningful studies of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Friedman JM, Friedman AJ, Navati M, Nachuraju P, Cabrales P. P61. Nitric Oxide 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Farooq A, Whitehead D, Azzawi M. Attenuation of endothelial-dependent vasodilator responses, induced by dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles, in aortic vessels. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 9:413-25. [PMID: 23432341 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the influence of silica nanoparticle (SiNP) number, size and dye encapsulation on conduit arterial function, in vitro. MATERIALS & METHODS Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) dye molecules were encapsulated in a silica shell to produce nanoparticles (silica RBITC nanoparticles) smaller than 100 nm size. Their effects on endothelial-dependent (acetylcholine; 0.01-200 µM) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside; 0.001-10 µM) dilator responses were examined. RESULTS When incubated with 1.96 × 10(12) nanoparticles/ml, both 30 and 70 nm SiNPs and silica RBITC nanoparticles significantly reduced endothelium-dependent, but not -independent, vasodilation. The degree of attenuation was related to nanoparticle surface area, rather than size, and influenced by dye encapsulation. Furthermore, attenuated dilation due to silica RBITC nanoparticles, but not SiNPs, could be partially restored using superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the mechanism of attenuated dilation is different for SiNPs and silica RBITC nanoparticles, which has implications for the future fabrication of biocompatible nanoparticles for imaging diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asima Farooq
- School of Science & the Environment, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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Blecher K, Martinez LR, Tuckman-Vernon C, Nacharaju P, Schairer D, Chouake J, Friedman JM, Alfieri A, Guha C, Nosanchuk JD, Friedman AJ. Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles accelerate wound healing in NOD-SCID mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:1364-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Atsma F, Veldhuizen I, de Kort W, van Kraaij M, Pasker-de Jong P, Deinum J. Hemoglobin level is positively associated with blood pressure in a large cohort of healthy individuals. Hypertension 2012; 60:936-41. [PMID: 22949533 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.193565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that an increased hemoglobin level elevates blood pressure. The present study investigated the association between hemoglobin level and systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in healthy persons. The study population was composed of 101 377 whole blood and plasma donors, who made 691 107 visits to the blood bank. At each visit, hemoglobin level and blood pressure were measured as part of the standard procedure before a blood donation. We used repeated measurement analysis to analyze the data. We used generalized estimating equation models to assess the between-person effect and linear mixed models to assess the within-person effect. All of the analyses were done separately for men and women. In the study population, 50% were men. The mean age in men was 49.3 years (±12.5 years), and in women it was 42.4 years (±13.7 years). Hemoglobin level was positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. With respect to the between-person effect, regression coefficients for systolic blood pressure were 1.3 mm Hg per millimole per liter increase in hemoglobin level for men and 1.8 mm Hg per millimole per liter increase in hemoglobin level for women. With respect to the within-person effect, regression coefficients for systolic blood pressure were 0.7 mm Hg and 0.9 mm Hg per millimole per liter increase in hemoglobin level, for men and women, respectively. For diastolic blood pressure, results were comparable. The results show that hemoglobin level is positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in healthy individuals. We observed consistent effects between persons but also within persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Atsma
- Sanquin Research, Department of Donor Studies, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 34, PO Box 1013, 6501BA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Nacharaju P, Tuckman-Vernon C, Maier KE, Chouake J, Friedman A, Cabrales P, Friedman JM. A nanoparticle delivery vehicle for S-nitroso-N-acetyl cysteine: sustained vascular response. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:150-60. [PMID: 22705913 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the development of nitric oxide (NO) based therapeutics has grown exponentially due to its well elucidated and established biological functions. In line with this surge, S-nitroso thiol (RSNO) therapeutics are also receiving more attention in recent years both as potential stable sources of NO as well as for their ability to serve as S-nitrosating agents; S-nitrosation of protein thiols is implicated in many physiological processes. We describe two hydrogel based RSNO containing nanoparticle platforms. In one platform the SNO groups are covalently attached to the particles (SNO-np) and the other contains S-nitroso-N-acetyl cysteine encapsulated within the particles (NAC-SNO-np). Both platforms function as vehicles for sustained activity as trans-S-nitrosating agents. NAC-SNO-np exhibited higher efficiency for generating GSNO from GSH and maintained higher levels of GSNO concentration for longer time (24 h) as compared to SNO-np as well as a previously characterized nitric oxide releasing platform, NO-np (nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles). In vivo, intravenous infusion of the NAC-SNO-np and NO-np resulted in sustained decreases in mean arterial pressure, though NAC-SNO-np induced longer vasodilatory effects as compared to the NO-np. Serum chemistries following infusion demonstrated no toxicity in both treatment groups. Together, these data suggest that the NAC-SNO-np represents a novel means to both study the biologic effects of nitrosothiols and effectively capitalize on its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimala Nacharaju
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Stapleton PA, Minarchick VC, McCawley M, Knuckles TL, Nurkiewicz TR. Xenobiotic particle exposure and microvascular endpoints: a call to arms. Microcirculation 2012; 19:126-42. [PMID: 21951337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic particles can be considered in two genres: air pollution particulate matter and engineered nanoparticles. Particle exposures can occur in the greater environment, the workplace, and our homes. The majority of research in this field has, justifiably, focused on pulmonary reactions and outcomes. More recent investigations indicate that cardiovascular effects are capable of correlating with established mortality and morbidity epidemiological data following particle exposures. While the preliminary and general cardiovascular toxicology has been defined, the mechanisms behind these effects, specifically within the microcirculation, are largely unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this review is several fold: first, a historical background on toxicological aspects of particle research is presented. Second, essential definitions, terminology, and techniques that may be unfamiliar to the microvascular scientist will be discussed. Third, the most current concepts and hypotheses driving cardiovascular research in this field will be reviewed. Lastly, potential future directions for the microvascular scientist will be suggested. Collectively speaking, microvascular research in the particle exposure field represents far more than a "niche." The immediate demand for basic, translational, and clinical studies is high and diverse. Microvascular scientists at all career stages are strongly encouraged to expand their research interests to include investigations associated with particle exposures.
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Macherla C, Sanchez DA, Ahmadi MS, Vellozzi EM, Friedman AJ, Nosanchuk JD, Martinez LR. Nitric oxide releasing nanoparticles for treatment of Candida albicans burn infections. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:193. [PMID: 22701111 PMCID: PMC3370663 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a leading fungal cause of burn infections in hospital settings, and sepsis is one of the principle causes of death after a severe burn. The prevalence of invasive candidiasis in burn cases varies widely, but it accounts for 3–23% of severe infection with a mortality rate ranging from 14 to 70%. Therefore, it is imperative that we develop innovative therapeutics to which this fungus is unlikely to evolve resistance, thus curtailing the associated morbidity and mortality and ultimately improving our capacity to treat these infections. An inexpensive and stable nitric oxide (NO)-releasing nanoparticle (NO-np) platform has been recently developed. NO is known to have direct antifungal activity, modulate host immune responses and significantly regulate wound healing. In this study, we hypothesized that NO-np would be an effective therapy in the treatment of C. albicans burn infections. Using a murine burn model, NO-np demonstrated antifungal activity against C. albicans in vivo, most likely by arresting its growth and morphogenesis as demonstrated in vitro. NO-np demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against yeast and filamentous forms of the fungus. Moreover, we showed that NO-np significantly accelerated the rate of wound healing in cutaneous burn infections when compared to controls. The histological evaluation of the affected tissue revealed that NO-np treatment modified leukocyte infiltration, minimized the fungal burden, and reduced collagen degradation, thus providing potential mechanisms for the therapeutics’ biological activity. Together, these data suggest that NO-np have the potential to serve as a novel topical antifungal which can be used for the treatment of cutaneous burn infections and wounds.
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Sanchez DA, Nosanchuk J, Friedman A. The purview of nitric oxide nanoparticle therapy in infection and wound healing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:933-6. [PMID: 22642306 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Roche CJ, Dantsker D, Alayash AI, Friedman JM. Enhanced nitrite reductase activity associated with the haptoglobin complexed hemoglobin dimer: functional and antioxidative implications. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:32-9. [PMID: 22521791 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of acellular hemoglobin (Hb) within the circulation is generally viewed as a pathological state that can result in toxic consequences. Haptoglobin (Hp), a globular protein found in the plasma, binds with high avidity the αβ dimers derived from the dissociation of Hb tetramer and thus helps clear free Hb. More recently there have been compelling indications that the redox properties of the Hp bound dimer (Hb-Hp) may play a more active role in controlling toxicity by limiting the potential tissue damage caused by propagation of the free-radicals generated within the heme containing globin chains. The present study further examines the potential protective effect of Hp through its impact on the production of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite through nitrite reductase activity of the Hp bound αβ Hb dimer. The presented results show that the Hb dimer in the Hb-Hp complex has oxygen binding, CO recombination and spectroscopic properties consistent with an Hb species having properties similar to but not exactly the same as the R quaternary state of the Hb tetramer. Consistent with these observations is the finding that the initial nitrite reductase rate for Hb-Hp is approximately ten times that of HbA under the same conditions. These results in conjunction with the earlier redox properties of the Hb-Hp are discussed in terms of limiting the pathophysiological consequences of acellular Hb in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille J Roche
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Jen MC, Serrano MC, van Lith R, Ameer GA. Polymer-Based Nitric Oxide Therapies: Recent Insights for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2012; 22:239-260. [PMID: 25067935 PMCID: PMC4111277 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) in the 1980s, this cellular messenger has been shown to participate in diverse biological processes such as cardiovascular homeostasis, immune response, wound healing, bone metabolism, and neurotransmission. Its beneficial effects have prompted increased research in the past two decades, with a focus on the development of materials that can locally release NO. However, significant limitations arise when applying these materials to biomedical applications. This Feature Article focuses on the development of NO-releasing and NO-generating polymeric materials (2006-2011) with emphasis on recent in vivo applications. Results are compared and discussed in terms of NO dose, release kinetics, and biological effects, in order to provide a foundation to design and evaluate new NO therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele C Jen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
| | - María C Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Robert van Lith
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, 60208, USA
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