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Sun Z, Li F, Zhou X, Wang W. Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28872147 DOI: 10.3791/56095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high incidence in aging populations. The current conventional therapies for COPD focus mainly on symptom-modifying drugs; thus, the development of new therapies is urgently needed. Qualified animal models of COPD could help to characterize the underlying mechanisms and can be used for new drug screening. Current COPD models, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema model, generate COPD-like lesions in the lungs and airways but do not otherwise resemble the pathogenesis of human COPD. A cigarette smoke (CS)-induced model remains one of the most popular because it not only simulates COPD-like lesions in the respiratory system, but it is also based on one of the main hazardous materials that causes COPD in humans. However, the time-consuming and labor-intensive aspects of the CS-induced model dramatically limit its application in new drug screening. In this study, we successfully generated a new COPD model by exposing mice to high levels of ozone. This model demonstrated the following: 1) decreased forced expiratory volume 25, 50, and 75/forced vital capacity (FEV25/FVC, FEV50/FVC, and FEV75/FVC), indicating the deterioration of lung function; 2) enlarged lung alveoli, with lung parenchymal destruction; 3) reduced fatigue time and distance; and 4) increased inflammation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ozone exposure (OE) model is a reliable animal model that is similar to humans because ozone overexposure is one of the etiological factors of COPD. Additionally, it only took 6 - 8 weeks, based on our previous work, to create an OE model, whereas it requires 3 - 12 months to induce the cigarette smoke model, indicating that the OE model might be a good choice for COPD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Sun
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Shanghai; Cellular Biomedicine Group, Cupertino
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University
| | - Wen Wang
- Cellular Biomedicine Group, Shanghai; Cellular Biomedicine Group, Cupertino;
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52
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Selim AO, Gouda ZA, Selim SA. An experimental study of a rat model of emphysema induced by cigarette smoke exposure and the effect of Survanta therapy. Ann Anat 2017; 211:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Adipose stem cell-derived nanovesicles inhibit emphysema primarily via an FGF2-dependent pathway. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e284. [PMID: 28082743 PMCID: PMC5291836 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy using stem cells has produced therapeutic benefits in animal models of COPD. Secretory mediators are proposed as one mechanism for stem cell effects because very few stem cells engraft after injection into recipient animals. Recently, nanovesicles that overcome the disadvantages of natural exosomes have been generated artificially from cells. We generated artificial nanovesicles from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) using sequential penetration through polycarbonate membranes. ASC-derived artificial nanovesicles displayed a 100 nm-sized spherical shape similar to ASC-derived natural exosomes and expressed both exosomal and stem cell markers. The proliferation rate of lung epithelial cells was increased in cells treated with ASC-derived artificial nanovesicles compared with cells treated with ASC-derived natural exosomes. The lower dose of ASC-derived artificial nanovesicles had similar regenerative capacity compared with a higher dose of ASCs and ASC-derived natural exosomes. In addition, FGF2 levels in the lungs of mice treated with ASC-derived artificial nanovesicles were increased. The uptake of ASC-derived artificial nanovesicles was inhibited by heparin, which is a competitive inhibitor of heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with FGF2 signaling. Taken together, the data indicate that lower doses of ASC-derived artificial nanovesicles may have beneficial effects similar to higher doses of ASCs or ASC-derived natural exosomes in an animal model with emphysema, suggesting that artificial nanovesicles may have economic advantages that warrant future clinical studies.
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54
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Oh DK, Kim YS, Oh YM. Lung Regeneration Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2016; 80:1-10. [PMID: 28119741 PMCID: PMC5256352 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.80.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a critical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Although several medications are available, there are no definite treatments. However, recent advances in the understanding of stem and progenitor cells in the lung, and molecular changes during re-alveolization after pneumonectomy, have made it possible to envisage the regeneration of damaged lungs. With this background, numerous studies of stem cells and various stimulatory molecules have been undertaken, to try and regenerate destroyed lungs in animal models of COPD. Both the cell and drug therapies show promising results. However, in contrast to the successes in laboratories, no clinical trials have exhibited satisfactory efficacy, although they were generally safe and tolerable. In this article, we review the previous experimental and clinical trials, and summarize the recent advances in lung regeneration therapy for COPD. Furthermore, we discuss the current limitations and future perspectives of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea.; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea.; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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55
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Human mesenchymal stromal cells exert HGF dependent cytoprotective effects in a human relevant pre-clinical model of COPD. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38207. [PMID: 27922052 PMCID: PMC5138599 DOI: 10.1038/srep38207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have potent immunomodulatory and tissue reparative properties, which may be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as COPD. This study examined the mechanisms by which human MSCs protect against elastase induced emphysema. Using a novel human relevant pre-clinical model of emphysema the efficacy of human MSC therapy and optimal cell dose were investigated. Protective effects were examined in the lung through histological examination. Further in vivo experiments examined the reparative abilities of MSCs after tissue damage was established and the role played by soluble factors secreted by MSCs. The mechanism of MSC action was determined in using shRNA gene knockdown. Human MSC therapy and MSC conditioned media exerted significant cytoprotective effects when administered early at the onset of the disease. These protective effects were due to significant anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, mediated in part through MSC production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). When MSC administration was delayed, significant protection of the lung architecture was observed but this was less extensive. MSC cell therapy was more effective than MSC conditioned medium in this emphysema model.
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56
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Hong Y, Kim YS, Hong SH, Oh YM. Therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stem cells pretreated with pioglitazone in an emphysema mouse model. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e266. [PMID: 27765950 PMCID: PMC5099424 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no therapy currently available that influences the natural history of disease progression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although stem cell therapy is considered a potential therapeutic option in COPD, there are no clinical trials proving definitive therapeutic effects in patients with COPD. Recently, it was reported that pioglitazone might potentiate the therapeutic effects of stem cells in patients with heart or liver disease. To test the capacity of pioglitazone pretreatment of stem cells for emphysema repair, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of pioglitazone-pretreated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on elastase-induced or cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. We also investigated the mechanisms of action of pioglitazone-pretreated ASCs. Pioglitazone-pretreated ASCs had a more potent therapeutic effect than non-pretreated ASCs in the repair of both elastase-induced and smoke-induced emphysema models (mean linear intercept, 78.1±2.5 μm vs 83.2±2.6 μm in elastase models and 75.6±1.4 μm vs 80.5±3.2 μm in smoke models, P<0.05). Furthermore, we showed that pioglitazone-pretreated ASCs increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production both in vitro and in mouse lungs in the smoke-induced emphysema model. Pioglitazone-pretreated ASCs may have more potent therapeutic effects than non-pretreated ASCs in emphysema mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonki Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Kim YS, Kokturk N, Kim JY, Lee SW, Lim J, Choi SJ, Oh W, Oh YM. Gene Profiles in a Smoke-Induced COPD Mouse Lung Model Following Treatment with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:728-733. [PMID: 27802588 PMCID: PMC5104880 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effectively reduce airway inflammation and regenerate the alveolus in cigarette- and elastase-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal models. The effects of stem cells are thought to be paracrine and immune-modulatory because very few stem cells remain in the lung one day after their systemic injection, which has been demonstrated previously. In this report, we analyzed the gene expression profiles to compare mouse lungs with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke with non-exposed lungs. Gene expression profiling was also conducted in a mouse lung tissue with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke following the systemic injection of human cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hCB-MSCs). Globally, 834 genes were differentially expressed after systemic injection of hCB-MSCs. Seven and 21 genes, respectively, were up-and downregulated on days 1, 4, and 14 after HCB-MSC injection. The Hbb and Hba, genes with oxygen transport and antioxidant functions, were increased on days 1 and 14. A serine protease inhibitor was also increased at a similar time point after injection of hCB-MSCs. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the levels of genes related to immune responses, metabolic processes, and blood vessel development were altered, indicating host responses after hCB-MSC injection. These gene expression changes suggest that MSCs induce a regeneration mechanism against COPD induced by cigarette smoke. These analyses provide basic data for understanding the regeneration mechanisms promoted by hCB-MSCs in cigarette smoke-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sun Kim
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505,
Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505,
Korea
| | - Nurdan Kokturk
- Department of Pulmonology, Gazi University, Ankara,
Turkey
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505,
Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505,
Korea
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505,
Korea
| | - Jaeyun Lim
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505,
Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul,
Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505,
Korea
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505,
Korea
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58
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Wecht S, Rojas M. Mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic lung disease. Respirology 2016; 21:1366-1375. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wecht
- Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute of the University of Pittsburgh; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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59
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Li X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Cui Y, Yeung SC, Ip MSM, Tse HF, Lian Q, Mak JCW. iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells exert SCF-dependent recovery of cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in airway cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:265-277. [PMID: 27641240 PMCID: PMC5264148 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a potential cell‐based therapy for pulmonary emphysema in animal models. Our previous study demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived MSCs (iPSC‐MSCs) were superior over bone marrow–derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) in attenuating cigarette smoke (CS)‐induced airspace enlargement possibly through mitochondrial transfer. This study further investigated the effects of iPSC‐MSCs on inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation in a CS‐exposed rat model and examined the effects of the secreted paracrine factor from MSCs as another possible mechanism in an in vitro model of bronchial epithelial cells. Rats were exposed to 4% CS for 1 hr daily for 56 days. At days 29 and 43, human iPSC‐MSCs or BM‐MSCs were administered intravenously. We observed significant attenuation of CS‐induced elevation of circulating 8‐isoprostane and cytokine‐induced neutrophil chemoattractant‐1 after iPSC‐MSC treatment. In line, a superior capacity of iPSC‐MSCs was also observed in ameliorating CS‐induced infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils and apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in lung sections over BM‐MSCs. In support, the conditioned medium (CdM) from iPSC‐MSCs ameliorated CS medium‐induced apoptosis/proliferation imbalance of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Conditioned medium from iPSC‐MSCs contained higher level of stem cell factor (SCF) than that from BM‐MSCs. Deprivation of SCF from iPSC‐MSC‐derived CdM led to a reduction in anti‐apoptotic and pro‐proliferative capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that iPSC‐MSCs may possess anti‐apoptotic/pro‐proliferative capacity in the in vivo and in vitro models of CS‐induced airway cell injury partly through paracrine secretion of SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuting Cui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sze C Yeung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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60
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Juan Y, Haiqiao W, Xie W, Huaping H, Zhong H, Xiangdong Z, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediates airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion through a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism under cold stress. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:335-348. [PMID: 27477308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic cold exposure exacerbates chronic inflammatory airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a cold-shock protein and is induced by various environmental stressors, such as hypothermia and hypoxia. In this study, we showed that CIRP gene and protein levels were significantly increased in patients with COPD and in rats with chronic airway inflammation compared with healthy subjects. Similarly, inflammatory cytokine production and MUC5AC secretion were up-regulated in rats following cigarette smoke inhalation. Cold temperature-induced CIRP overexpression and translocation were shown to be dependent on arginine methylation in vitro. CIRP overexpression promoted stress granule (SG) assembly. In the cytoplasm, the stability of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs was increased through specific interactions between CIRP and mediator mRNA 3'-UTRs; these interactions increased the mRNA translation, resulting in MUC5AC overproduction in response to cold stress. Conversely, CIRP silencing and a methyltransferase inhibitor (adenosine dialdehyde) promoted cytokine mRNA degradation and inhibited the inflammatory response and mucus hypersecretion. These findings indicate that cold temperature can induce an airway inflammatory response and excess mucus production via a CIRP-mediated increase in mRNA stability and protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Juan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.
| | - Wu Haiqiao
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyao Xie
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Huang Huaping
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Han Zhong
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhou Xiangdong
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Victor P Kolosov
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Juliy M Perelman
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
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61
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Kim SY, Kim HJ, Park MK, Huh JW, Park HY, Ha SY, Shin JH, Lee YS. Mitochondrial E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 Mediates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Endothelial Cell Death and Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 26203915 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0377oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By virtue of the critical roles of Akt in vascular endothelial cell (EC) survival and function, cigarette smoke-induced Akt reduction may contribute to EC death and dysfunction in smokers' lungs. One of the negative Akt regulatory mechanisms is K48-linked Akt ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Here, we assessed the involvement of mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (MUL1), recently revealed as a novel Akt ubiquitin E3 ligase, in cigarette smoke-induced Akt ubiquitination and its contribution to pulmonary EC death and dysfunction. In human lung microvascular ECs (HLMVECs), cigarette smoke extract (CSE) noticeably elevated MUL1 expression and K48-linked Akt ubiquitination, whereas Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, and p-eNOS levels were decreased. MUL1 knockdown suppressed CSE-induced Akt ubiquitination/degradation and cytoplasmic reductions of Akt and p-Akt. Furthermore, MUL1 knockdown attenuated reductions of eNOS and p-eNOS and alleviated EC survival, migration, and tube formation in the presence of CSE exposure. In addition, overexpression of K284R Akt, a mutant for a MUL1-ubiquitination site, produced similar effects. In HLMVECs exposed to CSE, Akt-MUL1 interaction was increased in coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assays. Similarly, the proximity ligation assay signals were elevated in rat lungs exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 months, during which Mul1 levels were noticeably increased. Finally, we found that CSE-mediated MUL1 induction in HLMVECs is mediated by retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor α. Taken together, these data suggest that cigarette smoke-induced MUL1 elevation mediates Akt ubiquitination/degradation, potentially leading to pulmonary EC death and functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yong Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon
| | - Mi Kyeong Park
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon
| | - Jin Won Huh
- 3 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul; and
| | - Hye Yun Park
- 4 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Sang Yun Ha
- 5 Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Shin
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon
| | - Yun-Song Lee
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon
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62
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Liu X, Fang Q, Kim H. Preclinical Studies of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Administration in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157099. [PMID: 27280283 PMCID: PMC4900582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been pre-clinically utilized in the treatment of a variety of kinds of diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the current study was to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis on the published pre-clinical studies of MSC administration in the treatment of COPD in animal models. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search of electronic databases was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 3). The pooled Hedges's g with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was adopted to assess the effect size. Random effect model was used due to the heterogeneity between the studies. A total of 20 eligible studies were included in the current systematic review. The overall meta-analysis showed that MSC administration was significantly in favor of attenuating acute lung injury (Hedges's g = -2.325 ± 0.145 with 95% CI: -2.609 ~ -2.040, P < 0.001 for mean linear intercept, MLI; Hedges's g = -3.488 ± 0.504 with 95% CI: -4.476 ~ -2.501, P < 0.001 for TUNEL staining), stimulating lung tissue repair (Hedges's g = 3.249 ± 0.586 with 95% CI: 2.103~ 4.394, P < 0.001) and improving lung function (Hedges's g = 2.053 ± 0.408 with 95% CI: 1.253 ~ 2.854, P< 0.001). The mechanism of MSC therapy in COPD is through ameliorating airway inflammation (Hedges's g = -2.956 ± 0.371 with 95% CI: -3.683 ~ -2.229, P< 0.001) and stimulating cytokine synthesis that involves lung tissue repair (Hedges's g = 3.103 ± 0.734 with 95% CI: 1.664 ~ 4.541, P< 0.001). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a promising role for MSCs in COPD treatment. Although the COPD models may not truly mimic COPD patients, these pre-clinical studies demonstrate that MSC hold promise in the treatment of chronic lung diseases including COPD. The mechanisms of MSCs role in preclinical COPD treatment may be associated with attenuating airway inflammation as well as stimulating lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangde Liu
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Qiuhong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijung Kim
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, WonKwang University, Sanbon Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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63
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Kim KH, Park TS, Kim YS, Lee JS, Oh YM, Lee SD, Lee SW. Resolvin D1 prevents smoking-induced emphysema and promotes lung tissue regeneration. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:1119-28. [PMID: 27313451 PMCID: PMC4890694 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emphysema is an irreversible disease that is characterized by destruction of lung tissue as a result of inflammation caused by smoking. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), derived from docosahexaenoic acid, is a novel lipid that resolves inflammation. The present study tested whether RvD1 prevents smoking-induced emphysema and promotes lung tissue regeneration. Materials and methods C57BL/6 mice, 8 weeks of age, were randomly divided into four groups: control, RvD1 only, smoking only, and smoking with RvD1 administration. Four different protocols were used to induce emphysema and administer RvD1: mice were exposed to smoking for 4 weeks with poly(I:C) or to smoking only for 24 weeks, and RvD1 was injected within the smoking exposure period to prevent regeneration or after completion of smoking exposure to assess regeneration. The mean linear intercept and inflammation scores were measured in the lung tissue, and inflammatory cells and cytokines were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results Measurements of mean linear intercept showed that RvD1 significantly attenuated smoking-induced lung destruction in all emphysema models. RvD1 also reduced smoking-induced inflammatory cell infiltration, which causes the structural derangements observed in emphysema. In the 4-week prevention model, RvD1 reduced the smoking-induced increase in eosinophils and interleukin-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In the 24-week prevention model, RvD1 also reduced the increased neutrophils and total cell counts induced by smoking. Conclusion RvD1 attenuated smoking-induced emphysema in vivo by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. This result suggests that RvD1 may be useful in the prevention and treatment of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Hyun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Sun Park
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Monsel A, Zhu YG, Gudapati V, Lim H, Lee JW. Mesenchymal stem cell derived secretome and extracellular vesicles for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:859-71. [PMID: 27011289 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1170804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a major cause of respiratory failure in critically ill patients. Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology, mortality remains high. No effective pharmacotherapy exists. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies, administration of mesenchymal stem or stromal cell (MSC) as a therapeutic for acute lung injury holds great promise, and clinical trials are currently underway. However, concern for the use of stem cells, specifically the risk of iatrogenic tumor formation, remains unresolved. Accumulating evidence now suggest that novel cell-free therapies including MSC-derived conditioned medium and extracellular vesicles released from MSCs might constitute compelling alternatives. AREAS COVERED The current review summarizes the preclinical studies testing MSC conditioned medium and/or MSC extracellular vesicles as treatment for acute lung injury and other inflammatory lung diseases. EXPERT OPINION While certain logistical obstacles limit the clinical applications of MSC conditioned medium such as the volume required for treatment, the therapeutic application of MSC extracellular vesicles remains promising, primarily due to ability of extracellular vesicles to maintain the functional phenotype of the parent cell. However, utilization of MSC extracellular vesicles will require large-scale production and standardization concerning identification, characterization and quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Monsel
- a Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care , La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University Pierre and Marie Curie (UPMC) Univ Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Ying-Gang Zhu
- b Department of Pulmonary Disease , Huadong Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Varun Gudapati
- c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Hyungsun Lim
- c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jae W Lee
- c Department of Anesthesiology , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
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Khedoe PPSJ, Rensen PCN, Berbée JFP, Hiemstra PS. Murine models of cardiovascular comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1011-27. [PMID: 26993520 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, COPD patients with atherosclerosis (i.e., the most important underlying cause of CVD) receive COPD therapy complemented with standard CVD therapy. This may, however, not be the most optimal treatment. To investigate the link between COPD and atherosclerosis and to develop specific therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with atherosclerosis, a substantial number of preclinical studies using murine models have been performed. In this review, we summarize the currently used murine models of COPD and atherosclerosis, both individually and combined, and discuss the relevance of these models for studying the pathogenesis and development of new treatments for COPD patients with atherosclerosis. Murine and clinical studies have provided complementary information showing a prominent role for systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in the link between COPD and atherosclerosis. These and other studies showed that murine models for COPD and atherosclerosis are useful tools and can provide important insights relevant to understanding the link between COPD and CVD. More importantly, murine studies provide good platforms for studying the potential of promising (new) therapeutic strategies for COPD patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Padmini S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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Hsu YC, Wu YT, Yu TH, Wei YH. Mitochondria in mesenchymal stem cell biology and cell therapy: From cellular differentiation to mitochondrial transfer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 52:119-31. [PMID: 26868759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized to have the capacity of self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into mesoderm, ectoderm-like and endoderm-like cells. MSCs hold great promise for cell therapies due to their multipotency in vitro and therapeutic advantage of hypo-immunogenicity and lower tumorigenicity. Moreover, it has been shown that MSCs can serve as a vehicle to transfer mitochondria into cells after cell transplantation. Mitochondria produce most of the energy through oxidative phosphorylation in differentiated cells. It has been increasingly clear that the switch of energy supply from glycolysis to aerobic metabolism is essential for successful differentiation of MSCs. Post-translational modifications of proteins have been established to regulate mitochondrial function and metabolic shift during MSCs differentiation. In this article, we review and provide an integrated view on the roles of different protein kinases and sirtuins in the maintenance and differentiation of MSCs. Importantly, we provide evidence to suggest that alteration in the expression of Sirt3 and Sirt5 and relative changes in the acylation levels of mitochondrial proteins might be involved in the activation of mitochondrial function and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived MSCs. We summarize their roles in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, oxidative responses and differentiation of MSCs. On the other hand, we discuss recent advances in the study of mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial transfer as well as their roles in the differentiation and therapeutic application of MSCs to improve cell function in vitro and in animal models. Accumulating evidence has substantiated that the therapeutic potential of MSCs is conferred not only by cell replacement and paracrine effects but also by transferring mitochondria into injured tissues or cells to modulate the cellular metabolism in situ. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism of MSCs may ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes of stem cell therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsien Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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Broekman W, Amatngalim GD, de Mooij-Eijk Y, Oostendorp J, Roelofs H, Taube C, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS. TNF-α and IL-1β-activated human mesenchymal stromal cells increase airway epithelial wound healing in vitro via activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Respir Res 2016; 17:3. [PMID: 26753875 PMCID: PMC4710048 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are investigated for their potential to reduce inflammation and to repair damaged tissue. Inflammation and tissue damage are hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and MSC infusion is a promising new treatment for COPD. Inflammatory mediators attract MSCs to sites of inflammation and affect their immune-modulatory properties, but little is known about their effect on regenerative properties of MSCs. This study investigates the effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β on the regenerative potential of MSCs, using an in vitro wound healing model of airway epithelial cells. Methods Standardized circular wounds were created by scraping cultures of the airway epithelial cell line NCI-H292 and primary bronchial epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI-PBEC), and subsequently incubated with MSC conditioned medium (MSC-CM) that was generated in presence or absence of TNF-α/IL-1β. Remaining wound size was measured up to 72 h. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MSC-CM was assessed using Western blot. Inhibitors for EGFR and c-Met signaling were used to investigate the contribution of these receptors to wound closure and to ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Transactivation of EGFR by MSC-CM was investigated using a TACE inhibitor, and RT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression of several growth factors in MSCs and NCI-H292. Results Stimulation of MSCs with the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β increased the mRNA expression of various growth factors by MCSs and enhanced the regenerative potential of MSCs in an in vitro model of airway epithelial injury using NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells. Conditioned medium from cytokine stimulated MSCs induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in NCI-H292, predominantly via EGFR; it induced ADAM-mediated transactivation of EGFR, and it induced airway epithelial expression of several EGFR ligands. The contribution of activation of c-Met via HGF to increased repair could not be confirmed by inhibitor experiments. Conclusion Our data imply that at sites of tissue damage, when inflammatory mediators are present, for example in lungs of COPD patients, MSCs become more potent inducers of repair, in addition to their well-known immune-modulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Broekman
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne de Mooij-Eijk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jaap Oostendorp
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Helene Roelofs
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Liu HM, Ma LJ, Wu JZ, Li YG. MSCs relieve lung injury of COPD mice through promoting proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:828-833. [PMID: 26670432 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation could repair injury tissue, but no study confirms whether MSCs can promote the proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells to repair alveolar epithelial cells of mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study was designed to investigate the effect of MSCs on the proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells in COPD mice to confirm the repair mechanism of MSCs. The mice were divided into control group, COPD group, and COPD+MSCs group. The following indexes were detected: HE staining of lung tissue, the mean linear intercept (MLI) and alveolar destructive index (DI), the total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary function, alveolar wall apoptosis index (AI) and proliferation index (PI), the number of CD45(-)/CD31(-)/Sca-1(+) cells by flow cytometry (FCM), and the number of bronchoalveolar stem cells (BASCs) in bronchoalveolar duct junction (BADJ) by immunofluorescence. As compared with control group, the number of inflammatory cells in lung tissue was increased, alveolar septa was destroyed and the emphysema-like changes were seen, and the changes of lung function were in line with COPD in COPD group; AI of alveolar wall was significantly increased and PI significantly decreased in COPD group. There was no significant difference in the number of CD45(-)/CD31(-)/Sca-1(+) cells and BASCs between control group and COPD group. As compared with COPD group, the number of inflammatory cells in BALF was decreased, the number of CD45(-)/CD31(-)/Sca-1(+) cells and BASCs was increased, AI of alveolar wall was decreased and PI was increased, and emphysema-like changes were relieved in COPD+MSCs group. These findings suggested that MSCs transplantation can relieve lung injury by promoting proliferation of endogenous lung stem cells in the cigarette smoke-induced COPD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Ji-Zhen Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yu-Guang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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Gavin KM, Gutman JA, Kohrt WM, Wei Q, Shea KL, Miller HL, Sullivan TM, Erickson PF, Helm KM, Acosta AS, Childs CR, Musselwhite E, Varella-Garcia M, Kelly K, Majka SM, Klemm DJ. De novo generation of adipocytes from circulating progenitor cells in mouse and human adipose tissue. FASEB J 2015; 30:1096-108. [PMID: 26581599 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-278994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
White adipocytes in adults are typically derived from tissue resident mesenchymal progenitors. The recent identification of de novo production of adipocytes from bone marrow progenitor-derived cells in mice challenges this paradigm and indicates an alternative lineage specification that adipocytes exist. We hypothesized that alternative lineage specification of white adipocytes is also present in human adipose tissue. Bone marrow from transgenic mice in which luciferase expression is governed by the adipocyte-restricted adiponectin gene promoter was adoptively transferred to wild-type recipient mice. Light emission was quantitated in recipients by in vivo imaging and direct enzyme assay. Adipocytes were also obtained from human recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. DNA was isolated, and microsatellite polymorphisms were exploited to quantify donor/recipient chimerism. Luciferase emission was detected from major fat depots of transplanted mice. No light emission was observed from intestines, liver, or lungs. Up to 35% of adipocytes in humans were generated from donor marrow cells in the absence of cell fusion. Nontransplanted mice and stromal-vascular fraction samples were used as negative and positive controls for the mouse and human experiments, respectively. This study provides evidence for a nontissue resident origin of an adipocyte subpopulation in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Gavin
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A Gutman
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qi Wei
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karen L Shea
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heidi L Miller
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy M Sullivan
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul F Erickson
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karen M Helm
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alistaire S Acosta
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christine R Childs
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evelyn Musselwhite
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marileila Varella-Garcia
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly Kelly
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan M Majka
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dwight J Klemm
- *Division of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, and Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Molecular Pathology/Cytogenetics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, and Colorado Obesity Research Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and **Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aging: Implication to Lung Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:486263. [PMID: 26273422 PMCID: PMC4529978 DOI: 10.1155/2015/486263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MSCs have become an emerging cell source with their immune modulation, high proliferation rate, and differentiation potential; indeed, they have been challenged in clinical trials. Recently, it has shown that ROS play a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species depending on their concentration in MSCs. Various environmental stresses-induced excessive production of ROS triggers cellular senescence and abnormal differentiation on MSCs. Moreover, MSCs have been suggested to participate in the treatment of ALI/ARDS and COPD as a major cause of high morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of ARDS/COPD were focused on cell engraftment and paracrine action. However, ROS-mediated therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs still remain largely unknown. Here, we review the key factors associated with cell cycle and chromatin remodeling to accelerate or delay the MSC aging process. In addition, the enhanced ROS production and its associated pathophysiological pathways will be discussed along with the MSC senescence process. Furthermore, the present review highlights how the excessive amount of ROS-mediated oxidative stress might interfere with homeostasis of lungs and residual lung cells in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS and COPD.
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Kim YS, Kim JY, Huh JW, Lee SW, Choi SJ, Oh YM. The Therapeutic Effects of Optimal Dose of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Murine Model of an Elastase Induced-Emphysema. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:239-45. [PMID: 26175778 PMCID: PMC4499592 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and small airway remodeling. The alveolar destruction associated with emphysema cannot be repaired by current clinical practices. Stem cell therapy has been successfully used in animal models of cigarette smoke- and elastase-induced emphysema. However, the optimal dose of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the most effective therapy has not yet been determined. It is vital to determine the optimal dose of MSCs for clinical application in emphysema cases. Methods In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of various doses of MSCs on elastase-induced emphysema in mice. When 3 different doses of MSCs were intravenously injected into mice treated with elastase, only 5×104 MSCs showed a significant effect on the emphysematous mouse lung. We also identified action mechanisms of MSCs based on apoptosis, lung regeneration, and protease/antiprotease imbalance. Results The MSCs were not related with caspase-3/7 dependent apoptosis. But activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 increased by emphysematous lung was decreased by intravenously injected MSCs. Vascular endothelial growth factor were also increased in lung from MSC injected mice, as compared to un-injected mice. Conclusion This is the first study on the optimal dose of MSCs as a therapeutic candidate. This data may provide important basic data for determining dosage in clinical application of MSCs in emphysema patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea. ; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jin Won Huh
- Departure of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Departure of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Choi
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea. ; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Departure of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Gu W, Song L, Li XM, Wang D, Guo XJ, Xu WG. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate airway inflammation and emphysema in COPD through down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 via p38 and ERK MAPK pathways. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8733. [PMID: 25736434 PMCID: PMC4348625 DOI: 10.1038/srep08733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified as one possible strategy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our previous studies have demonstrated that MSC administration has therapeutic potential in airway inflammation and emphysema via a paracrine mechanism. We proposed that MSCs reverse the inflammatory process and restore impaired lung function through their interaction with macrophages. In our study, the rats were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), followed by the administration of MSCs into the lungs for 5 weeks. Here we show that MSC administration alleviated airway inflammation and emphysema through the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, possibly through the effect on alveolar macrophages. In vitro co-culture experiments provided evidence that MSCs down-regulated COX-2/PGE2 in macrophages through inhibition of the activation-associated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK. Our data suggest that MSCs may relieve airway inflammation and emphysema in CS-exposed rat models, through the inhibition of COX-2/PGE2 in alveolar macrophages, mediated in part by the p38 MAPK and ERK pathways. This study provides a compelling mechanism for MSC treatment in COPD, in addition to its paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xue-Jun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei-Guo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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Kim YS, Lee WH, Choi EJ, Choi JP, Heo YJ, Gho YS, Jee YK, Oh YM, Kim YK. Extracellular vesicles derived from Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, induce emphysema mainly via IL-17A-mediated neutrophilic inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3361-8. [PMID: 25716999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that Gram-negative bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in indoor dust can evoke neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation, which is a key pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Escherichia coli is a ubiquitous bacterium present in indoor dust and secretes nanometer-sized vesicles into the extracellular milieu. In the current study, we evaluated the role of E. coli-derived EVs on the development of COPD, such as emphysema. E. coli EVs were prepared by sequential ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. COPD phenotypes and immune responses were evaluated in C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IFN-γ-deficient, or IL-17A-deficient mice after airway exposure to E. coli EVs. The present study showed that indoor dust from a bed mattress harbors E. coli EVs. Airway exposure to E. coli EVs increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, the repeated inhalation of E. coli EVs for 4 wk induced neutrophilic inflammation and emphysema, which are associated with enhanced elastase activity. Emphysema and elastase activity enhanced by E. coli EVs were reversed by the absence of IFN-γ or IL-17A genes. In addition, during the early period, lung inflammation is dependent on IL-17A and TNF-α, but not on IFN-γ, and also on TLR4. Moreover, the production of IFN-γ is eliminated by the absence of IL-17A, whereas IL-17A production is not abolished by IFN-γ absence. Taken together, the present data suggest that E. coli-derived EVs induce IL-17A-dependent neutrophilic inflammation and thereby emphysema, possibly via upregulation of elastase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hee Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Pyo Choi
- Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Young Joo Heo
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Koo Jee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon-Keun Kim
- Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea; and
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74
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Lee JS, Park SJ, Cho YS, Huh JW, Oh YM, Lee SD. Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) in Smoking-Induced Lung Inflammation and Emphysema. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:8-17. [PMID: 25653691 PMCID: PMC4311035 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) not only functions as an intracellular energy sensor and regulator, but is also a general sensor of oxidative stress. Furthermore, there is recent evidence that it participates in limiting acute inflammatory reactions, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Thus, it may oppose the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS To investigate the role of AMPK in cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema we first compared cigarette smoking and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]-induced lung inflammation and emphysema in AMPKα1-deficient (AMPKα1-HT) mice and wild-type mice of the same genetic background. We then investigated the role of AMPK in the induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in A549 cells. RESULTS Cigarette smoking and poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation and emphysema were elevated in AMPKα1-HT compared to wild-type mice. CSE increased AMPK activation in a CSE concentration- and time-dependent manner. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an AMPKα1-specific small interfering RNA. CONCLUSION AMPKα1-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to lung inflammation and emphysema when exposed to cigarette smoke, and AMPK appears to reduce lung inflammation and emphysema by lowering IL-8 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Joo Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asthma Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asthma Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Li X, Wang J, Cao J, Ma L, Xu J. Immunoregulation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Chronic Cigarette Smoking-Induced Lung Inflammation in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:932923. [PMID: 26665150 PMCID: PMC4667063 DOI: 10.1155/2015/932923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Impact of bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transfusion on chronic smoking-induced lung inflammation is poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of smoking-related lung injury was induced and the rats were treated with vehicle or BMSCs for two weeks. Different subsets of CD4+ T cells, cytokines, and anti-elastin in the lungs as well as the lung injury were characterized. Serum and lung inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and STAT5 phosphorylation in lymphocytes from lung tissue were also analyzed. Results indicated that transfusion of BMSCs significantly reduced the chronic smoking-induced lung injury, inflammation, and levels of lung anti-elastin in rats. The frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells and the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, IP-10, and MCP-1 increased, but the frequency of Tregs and IL-10 decreased. Transfusion of BMSCs significantly modulated the imbalance of immune responses by mitigating chronic smoking-increased Th1 and Th17 responses, but enhancing Treg responses in the lungs of rats. Transfusion of BMSCs limited chronic smoking-related reduction in the levels of serum and lung iNOS and mitigated smoking-induced STAT5 phosphorylation in lymphocytes from lung tissue. BMSCs negatively regulated smoking-induced autoimmune responses in the lungs of rats and may be promising for the intervention of chronic smoking-related lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi DAYI Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi DAYI Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jianying Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi DAYI Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China
- *Jianying Xu:
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76
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Antunes MA, Laffey JG, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Mesenchymal stem cell trials for pulmonary diseases. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1023-32. [PMID: 24515922 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
All adult tissues, including the lung, have some capacity to self-repair or regenerate through the replication and differentiation of stem cells resident within these organs. While lung resident stem cells are an obvious candidate cell therapy for lung diseases, limitations exist regarding our knowledge of the biology of these cells. In contrast, there is considerable interest in the therapeutic potential of exogenous cells, particularly mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), for lung diseases. Bone marrow derived-MSCs are the most studied cell therapy for these diseases. Preclinical studies demonstrate promising results using MSCs for diverse lung disorders, including emphysema, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This mini-review will summarize ongoing clinical trials using MSCs in lung diseases, critically examine the data supporting their use for this purpose, and discuss the next steps in the translational pathway for MSC therapy of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zarogoulidis P, Hohenforst-Schmidt W, Huang H, Sahpatzidou D, Freitag L, Sakkas L, Rapti A, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Kouzi-Koliakos K, Papamichail A, Papaiwannou A, Tsiouda T, Tsakiridis K, Porpodis K, Lampaki S, Organtzis J, Gschwendtner A, Zarogoulidis K. A gene therapy induced emphysema model and the protective role of stem cells. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:195. [PMID: 25394479 PMCID: PMC4243373 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease presents with two different phenotypes: chronic bronchitis and emphysema with parenchymal destruction. Decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and increased endothelial cell apoptosis are considered major factors for emphysema. Stem cells have the ability of vascular regeneration and function as a repair mechanism for the damaged endothelial cells. Currently, minimally invasive interventional procedures such as placement of valves, bio-foam or coils are performed in order to improve the disturbed mechanical function in emphysema patients. However, these procedures cannot restore functional lung tissue. Additionally stem cell instillation into the parenchyma has been used in clinical studies aiming to improve overall respiratory function and quality of life. METHODS In our current experiment we induced emphysema with a DDMC non-viral vector in BALBC mice and simultaneously instilled stem cells testing the hyposthesis that they might have a protective role against the development of emphysema. The mice were divided into four groups: a) control, b) 50.000 cells, c) 75.000 and d) 100.000 cells. RESULTS Lung pathological findings revealed that all treatment groups had less damage compared to the control group. Additionally, we observed that emphysema lesions were less around vessels in an area of 10 μm. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that stem cell instillation can have a regenerative role if applied upon a tissue scaffold with vessel around. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Despoina Sahpatzidou
- Experimental Animal Laboratory, "Theiageneio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Lutz Freitag
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Leonidas Sakkas
- Pathology Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Aggeliki Rapti
- Pulmonary Department, "Sotiria" Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Kokkona Kouzi-Koliakos
- Department of Histology Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Anna Papamichail
- Pathology Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Antonis Papaiwannou
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodora Tsiouda
- Internal Medicine Department, "Thegenio" Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Saint "Luke" Private Hospital, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Porpodis
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Sofia Lampaki
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - John Organtzis
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- Pulmonary Department, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Kozma RDLH, Alves EM, Barbosa-de-Oliveira VA, Lopes FDTQDS, Guardia RC, Buzo HV, Faria CAD, Yamashita C, Cavazzana Júnior M, Frei F, Ribeiro-Paes MJDO, Ribeiro-Paes JT. A new experimental model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 40:46-54. [PMID: 24626269 PMCID: PMC4075926 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe a new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the cigarette smoke
group, comprising 12 rats exposed to smoke from 12 commercial filter cigarettes
three times a day (a total of 36 cigarettes per day) every day for 30 weeks; and
the control group, comprising 12 rats exposed to room air three times a day every
day for 30 weeks. Lung function was assessed by mechanical ventilation, and
emphysema was morphometrically assessed by measurement of the mean linear
intercept (Lm). RESULTS: The mean weight gain was significantly (approximately ten times) lower in the
cigarette smoke group than in the control group. The Lm was 25.0% higher in the
cigarette smoke group. There was a trend toward worsening of lung function
parameters in the cigarette smoke group. CONCLUSIONS: The new murine model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and the methodology
employed in the present study are effective and reproducible, representing a
promising and economically viable option for use in studies investigating the
pathophysiology of and therapeutic approaches to COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de las Heras Kozma
- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Graduate Student. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Marcelino Alves
- Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University, Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil, Undergraduate Student. Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University at Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renan Cenize Guardia
- Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil, Undergraduate Student. Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil
| | - Henrique Vivi Buzo
- Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil, Undergraduate Student. Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil
| | - Carolina Arruda de Faria
- University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Graduate Student. University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Yamashita
- Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University, Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil, Undergraduate Student. Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University at Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil
| | - Manzelio Cavazzana Júnior
- Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil, Associate Professor. Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino, Catanduva, Brazil
| | - Fernando Frei
- Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University, Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil, Associate Professor. Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University at Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil
| | | | - João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes
- Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University, Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil, Assistant Professor. Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo State University at Assis School of Sciences and Languages, Assis, Brazil
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Li Y, Gu C, Xu W, Yan J, Xia Y, Ma Y, Chen C, He X, Tao H. Therapeutic effects of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on lung injury in rats with emphysema. Respir Res 2014; 15:120. [PMID: 25319435 PMCID: PMC4201761 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), two major pathological changes that occur are the loss of alveolar structure and airspace enlargement. To treat COPD, it is crucial to repair damaged lung tissue and regenerate the lost alveoli. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) play a vital role in maintaining lung tissue repair, and amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AFMSCs) possess the characteristics of regular mesenchymal stromal cells. However, it remains untested whether transplantation of rat AFMSCs (rAFMSCs) might alleviate lung injury caused by emphysema by increasing the expression of surfactant protein (SP)A and SPC and inhibiting AECII apoptosis. Methods We analyzed the phenotypic characteristics, differentiation potential, and karyotype of rAFMSCs, which were isolated from pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats. Moreover, we examined the lung morphology and the expression levels of SPA and SPC in rats with emphysema after cigarette-smoke exposure and intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and rAFMSC transplantation. The ability of rAFMSCs to differentiate was measured, and the apoptosis of AECII was evaluated. Results In rAFMSCs, the surface antigens CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD166 were expressed, but CD14, CD19, CD34, and CD45 were not detected; rAFMSCs also strongly expressed the mRNA of octamer-binding transcription factor 4, and the cells could be induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes. Furthermore, rAFMSC treatment up-regulated the levels of SPA, SPC, and thyroid transcription factor 1 and inhibited AECII apoptosis, and rAFMSCs appeared to be capable of differentiating into AECII-like cells. Lung injury caused by emphysema was alleviated after rAFMSC treatment. Conclusions rAFMSCs might differentiate into AECII-like cells or induce local regeneration of the lung alveolar epithelium in vivo after transplantation and thus could be used in COPD treatment and lung regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, No, 158, Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, P,R, China.
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Antunes MA, Abreu SC, Cruz FF, Teixeira AC, Lopes-Pacheco M, Bandeira E, Olsen PC, Diaz BL, Takyia CM, Freitas IPRG, Rocha NN, Capelozzi VL, Xisto DG, Weiss DJ, Morales MM, Rocco PRM. Effects of different mesenchymal stromal cell sources and delivery routes in experimental emphysema. Respir Res 2014; 15:118. [PMID: 25272959 PMCID: PMC4189723 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess whether the effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on lung inflammation and remodeling in experimental emphysema would differ according to MSC source and administration route. Emphysema was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal (IT) administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (0.1 UI) weekly for 1 month. After the last elastase instillation, saline or MSCs (1×105), isolated from either mouse bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AD) or lung tissue (L), were administered intravenously (IV) or IT. After 1 week, mice were euthanized. Regardless of administration route, MSCs from each source yielded: 1) decreased mean linear intercept, neutrophil infiltration, and cell apoptosis; 2) increased elastic fiber content; 3) reduced alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell damage; and 4) decreased keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a mouse analog of interleukin-8) and transforming growth factor-β levels in lung tissue. In contrast with IV, IT MSC administration further reduced alveolar hyperinflation (BM-MSC) and collagen fiber content (BM-MSC and L-MSC). Intravenous administration of BM- and AD-MSCs reduced the number of M1 macrophages and pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography, while increasing vascular endothelial growth factor. Only BM-MSCs (IV > IT) increased the number of M2 macrophages. In conclusion, different MSC sources and administration routes variably reduced elastase-induced lung damage, but IV administration of BM-MSCs resulted in better cardiovascular function and change of the macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Antunes
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Soraia C Abreu
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Teixeira
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elga Bandeira
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C Olsen
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Bruno L Diaz
- />Laboratory of Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takyia
- />Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isalira PRG Freitas
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vera L Capelozzi
- />Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora G Xisto
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- />Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia RM Rocco
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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Kim YS, Kim JY, Shin DM, Huh JW, Lee SW, Oh YM. Tracking intravenous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a model of elastase-induced emphysema. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2014; 77:116-23. [PMID: 25309606 PMCID: PMC4192309 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2014.77.3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow or adipose tissue can successfully repair emphysematous animal lungs, which is a characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we describe the cellular distribution of MSCs that were intravenously injected into mice with elastase-induced emphysema. The distributions were also compared to the distributions in control mice without emphysema. Methods We used fluorescence optical imaging with quantum dots (QDs) to track intravenously injected MSCs. In addition, we used a human Alu sequence-based real-time polymerase chain reaction method to assess the lungs, liver, kidney, and spleen in mice with elastase-induced emphysema and control mice at 1, 4, 24, 72, and 168 hours after MSCs injection. Results The injected MSCs were detected with QD fluorescence at 1- and 4-hour postinjection, and the human Alu sequence was detected at 1-, 4- and 24-hour postinjection in control mice (lungs only). Injected MSCs remained more in mice with elastase-induced emphysema at 1, 4, and 24 hours after MSCs injection than the control lungs without emphysema. Conclusion In conclusion, our results show that injected MSCs were observed at 1 and 4 hours post injection and more MSCs remain in lungs with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea. ; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Myung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma Center, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma Center, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea. ; University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma Center, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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82
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Li X, Zhang Y, Yeung SC, Liang Y, Liang X, Ding Y, Ip MSM, Tse HF, Mak JCW, Lian Q. Mitochondrial transfer of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells to airway epithelial cells attenuates cigarette smoke-induced damage. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:455-65. [PMID: 24738760 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0529oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) holds great promise in the repair of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung damage in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Because CS leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, we aimed to investigate the potential benefit of mitochondrial transfer from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs (iPSC-MSCs) to CS-exposed airway epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. Rats were exposed to 4% CS for 1 hour daily for 56 days. At Days 29 and, human iPSC-MSCs or adult bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were administered intravenously to CS-exposed rats. CS-exposed rats exhibited severe alveolar destruction with a higher mean linear intercept (Lm) than sham air-exposed rats (P < 0.001) that was attenuated in the presence of iPSC-MSCs or BM-MSCs (P < 0.01). The attenuation of Lm value and the severity of fibrosis was greater in the iPSC-MSC-treated group than in the BM-MSC-treated group (P < 0.05). This might have contributed to the novel observation of mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to rat airway epithelial cells in lung sections exposed to CS. In vitro studies further revealed that transfer of mitochondria from iPSC-MSCs to bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) was more effective than from BM-MSCs, with preservation of adenosine triphosphate contents. This distinct mitochondrial transfer occurred via the formation of tunneling nanotubes. Inhibition of tunneling nanotube formation blocked mitochondrial transfer. Our findings indicate a higher mitochondrial transfer capacity of iPSC-MSCs than BM-MSCs to rescue CS-induced mitochondrial damage. iPSC-MSCs may thus hold promise for the development of cell therapy in COPD.
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83
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Song L, Guan XJ, Chen X, Cui ZL, Han FF, Guo XJ, Xu WG. Mesenchymal stem cells reduce cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and airflow obstruction in rats via TGF-β1 signaling. COPD 2014; 11:582-90. [PMID: 24766333 DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2014.898032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been shown to cause chronic inflammation of the lungs, eventually leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, recent studies have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can mediate local inflammatory responses in the lungs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to test the effects of rat MSCs (rMSCs) on inflammation of the lungs and destructive pulmonary function induced by cigarette smoke in rats. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 7 weeks. rMSCs were cultured in vitro and infused intratracheally into cigarette smoke-exposed rats. The total and differential cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), histological changes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression, and pulmonary function were evaluated. Additionally, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human MSCs were cocultured in vitro to detect cytokines and TGF-β1 levels. We found that rMSC administration resulted in downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs while increasing TGF-β1 expression, reducing total inflammatory cell numbers in the BALF, and improving pulmonary histopathology and airflow obstruction. Coculture revealed that human MSCs mediated an anti-inflammatory effect partly via upregulation of TGF-β1. These findings suggested that MSCs may have therapeutic potential in cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and airflow obstruction, partly via upregulation of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai 200092 , China
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84
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Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and diseases. Comprehensive review of the recent literature 2010-2012. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 10:S45-97. [PMID: 23869446 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201304-090aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A conference, "Stem Cells and Cell Therapies in Lung Biology and Lung Diseases," was held July 25 to 28, 2011 at the University of Vermont to review the current understanding of the role of stem and progenitor cells in lung repair after injury and to review the current status of cell therapy and ex vivo bioengineering approaches for lung diseases. These are rapidly expanding areas of study that provide further insight into and challenge traditional views of mechanisms of lung repair after injury and pathogenesis of several lung diseases. The goals of the conference were to summarize the current state of the field, to discuss and debate current controversies, and to identify future research directions and opportunities for basic and translational research in cell-based therapies for lung diseases. The goal of this article, which accompanies the formal conference report, is to provide a comprehensive review of the published literature in lung regenerative medicine from the last conference report through December 2012.
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85
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Marcelino MY, Fuoco NL, de Faria CA, Kozma RDLH, Marques LF, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Animal models in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-an overview. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:259-71. [PMID: 24785359 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.908250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airway obstruction resultant from an augmented inflammatory response of the respiratory tract to noxious particles and gases. Previous reports present a number of different hypotheses about the etiology and pathophysiology of COPD. The generating mechanisms of the disease are subject of much speculation, and a series of questions and controversies among experts still remain. In this context, several experimental models have been proposed in order to broaden the knowledge on the pathophysiological characteristics of the disease, as well as the search for new therapeutic approaches for acute or chronically injured lung tissue. This review aims to present the main experimental models of COPD, more specifically emphysema, as well as to describe the main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, possibilities of application, and potential contribution of each of these models for the knowledge on the pathophysiological aspects and to test new treatment options for obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Yonashiro Marcelino
- 1Program of Post-Graduation in Biotechnology, Universidade de São Paulo-Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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86
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Zhang Y, Liang X, Lian Q, Tse HF. Perspective and challenges of mesenchymal stem cells for cardiovascular regeneration. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 11:505-17. [PMID: 23570363 DOI: 10.1586/erc.13.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit multipotent differentiation potential and can be derived from embryonic, neonatal and adult differentiation stage III tissue sources. While increasing preclinical studies and clinical trials have indicated that MSC-based therapy is a promising strategy for cardiovascular regeneration, there are major challenges to overcome before this stem-cell technology can be widely applied in clinical settings. In this review, the following important issues will be addressed. First, optimal sources of MSC derivation suitable for myocardial repair are not determined. Second, assessments for preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs require more scientific data analysis. Third, mechanisms of MSC-based therapy for cardiovascular regeneration have not been fully understood yet. Finally, the potential benefit-risk ratio of MSC therapy needs to be evaluated systematically. Additionally, future development of MSC therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Zhang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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87
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Modulation of murine macrophage TLR7/8-mediated cytokine expression by mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:264260. [PMID: 24191131 PMCID: PMC3804401 DOI: 10.1155/2013/264260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play anti-inflammatory roles during innate immune responses. However, little is known about the effect of MSCs or their secretions on the ligand response of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8, receptors that recognize viral single-stranded RNA (ssRNA). Macrophages play a critical role in the innate immune response to ssRNA virus infection; therefore, we investigated the effect of MSC-conditioned medium on cytokine expression in macrophages following stimulation with TLR7/8 ligands. After stimulation with TLR7/8 ligand, bone marrow-derived macrophages cultured with MSCs or in MSC-conditioned medium expressed lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and interleukin (IL) 6 and higher levels of IL-10 compared to macrophages cultured without MSCs or in control medium, respectively. The modulations of cytokine expression were associated with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by the MSCs. PGE2 enhanced extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling and suppressed nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Enhanced ERK signaling contributed to enhanced IL-10 production, and suppression of NF-κB signaling contributed to the low production of TNF-α. Collectively, these results indicate that MSCs and MSC-conditioned medium modulate the cytokine expression profile in macrophages following TLR7/8-mediated stimulation, which suggests that MSCs play an immunomodulatory role during ssRNA virus infection.
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88
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Inamdar AC, Inamdar AA. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in lung disorders: pathogenesis of lung diseases and mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cell. Exp Lung Res 2013; 39:315-27. [PMID: 23992090 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.816803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung disorders such as asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD) show a few common threads of pathogenic mechanisms: inflammation, aberrant immune activity, infection, and fibrosis. Currently no modes of effective treatment are available for ILD or emphysema. Being anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative in nature, the administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown the capacity to control immune dysfunction and inflammation in the lung. The intravenous infusion of MSCs, the common mode of delivery, is followed by their entrapment in lung vasculature before MSCs reach to other organ systems thus indicating the feasible and promising approach of MSCs therapy for lung diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis for MSCs therapy for asthma, ARDS, COPD, and ILD.
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89
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Abstract
Lung transplantation may be the only intervention that can prolong survival and improve quality of life for those individuals with advanced lung disease who are acceptable candidates for the procedure. However, these candidates may be extremely ill and require ventilator and/or circulatory support as a bridge to transplantation, and lung transplantation recipients are at risk of numerous post-transplant complications that include surgical complications, primary graft dysfunction, acute rejection, opportunistic infection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), which may be caused by chronic rejection. Many advances in pre- and post-transplant management have led to improved outcomes over the past decade. These include the creation of sound guidelines for candidate selection, improved surgical techniques, advances in donor lung preservation, an improving ability to suppress and treat allograft rejection, the development of prophylaxis protocols to decrease the incidence of opportunistic infection, more effective therapies for treating infectious complications, and the development of novel therapies to treat and manage CLAD. A major obstacle to prolonged survival beyond the early post-operative time period is the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), which is the most common form of CLAD. This manuscript discusses recent and evolving advances in the field of lung transplantation.
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90
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Cárdenes N, Cáceres E, Romagnoli M, Rojas M. Mesenchymal stem cells: a promising therapy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respiration 2013; 85:267-78. [PMID: 23428562 DOI: 10.1159/000347072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pulmonary syndrome with growing prevalence and high mortality and morbidity that increase with age. There is no current therapy able to restore pulmonary function in ARDS patients. Preclinical models of ARDS have demonstrated that intratracheal or systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) protects the lung against injury. The mechanisms responsible for the protective effects are multiple, including the secretion of multiple paracrine factors capable of modulating the immune response and restoring epithelial and endothelial integrity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs can also control oxidative stress, transfer functional mitochondria to the damaged cells, and control bacterial infection by secretion of antibacterial peptides. These characteristics make MSCs promising candidates for ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra Cárdenes
- Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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91
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Lee SW, Kim DR, Kim TJ, Paik JH, Chung JH, Jheon S, Huh JW, Lee JH, Lee CT. The association of down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 expression with airflow limitation and emphysema in smokers. Respir Res 2012; 13:106. [PMID: 23170858 PMCID: PMC3546871 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between innate immunity including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and COPD is reported recently; TLR4 deficiency in lung can cause emphysema in animals, which is not evident in humans. We analyzed the association of TLR4 expression, airflow limitation and emphysema in smokers. METHODS We enrolled patients of ≥40years old with smoking histories of ≥10 pack-years and who had undergone lung resection. We measured TLR4 expression in lung lysates. The severity of emphysema was evaluated on computed tomography. TLR4 expression was also evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS In total, 53 patients were enrolled. Forced expiratory volume in one second per forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) increased (P=0.03) and emphysema score decreased (P=0.01) as TLR4 expression increased. These were still significant, in multiple regression analysis including sex, age, tuberculosis history, smoking history and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) usage. We also classified patients as high, intermediate, and low expressers according to TLR4 expression. Although no differences in age, gender, tuberculosis, or smoking history were observed among the groups, emphysema severity increased significantly (P = 0.02) and FEV1/FVC decreased significantly (P = 0.006) in TLR4 low expresser. The difference in TLR4 expression based on immunohistochemistry was most prominent in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. CONCLUSION Down-regulated TLR4 expression in lung was associated with emphysema and airflow limitation in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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92
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Experimental Basis and New Insights for Cell Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:1236-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-012-9410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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93
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Majka SM, Miller HL, Sullivan T, Erickson PF, Kong R, Weiser-Evans M, Nemenoff R, Moldovan R, Morandi SA, Davis JA, Klemm DJ. Adipose lineage specification of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells. Adipocyte 2012; 1:215-229. [PMID: 23700536 PMCID: PMC3609111 DOI: 10.4161/adip.21496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have reported the production of white adipocytes in adipose tissue from hematopoietic progenitors arising from bone marrow. However, technical challenges have hindered detection of this adipocyte population by certain other laboratories. These disparate results highlight the need for sensitive and definitive techniques to identify bone marrow progenitor (BMP)-derived adipocytes. In these studies we exploited new models and methods to enhance detection of this adipocyte population. Here we showed that confocal microscopy with spectrum acquisition could effectively identify green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive BMP-derived adipocytes by matching their fluorescence spectrum to that of native GFP. Likewise, imaging flow cytometry made it possible to visualize intact unilocular and multilocular GFP-positive BMP-derived adipocytes and distinguished them from non-fluorescent adipocytes and cell debris in the cytometer flow stream. We also devised a strategy to detect marker genes in flow-enriched adipocytes from which stromal cells were excluded. This technique also proved to be an efficient means for detecting genetically labeled adipocytes and should be applicable to models in which marker gene expression is low or absent. Finally, in vivo imaging of mice transplanted with BM from adipocyte-targeted luciferase donors showed a time-dependent increase in luciferase activity, with the bulk of luciferase activity confined to adipocytes rather than stromal cells. These results confirmed and extended our previous reports and provided proof-of-principle for sensitive techniques and models for detection and study of these unique cells.
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94
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O'Reilly M, Thébaud B. Cell-based strategies to reconstitute lung function in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Perinatol 2012; 39:703-25. [PMID: 22954277 PMCID: PMC7112346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of stem/progenitor cells and their potential to repair damaged organs offer the possibility of cell-based treatments for neonatal lung injury. This review summarizes basic concepts of stem/progenitor cell biology and discusses the recent advances and challenges of cell-based therapies for lung diseases, with a particular focus on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a form of chronic lung disease that primarily affects very preterm infants. Despite advances in perinatal care, BPD still remains the most common complication of extreme prematurity, and there is no specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 2S2, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Corresponding author. University of Alberta, 3020 Katz Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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95
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Shigeta A, Tada Y, Wang JY, Ishizaki S, Tsuyusaki J, Yamauchi K, Kasahara Y, Iesato K, Tanabe N, Takiguchi Y, Sakamoto A, Tokuhisa T, Shibuya K, Hiroshima K, West J, Tatsumi K. CD40 amplifies Fas-mediated apoptosis: a mechanism contributing to emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L141-51. [PMID: 22610351 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00337.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive apoptosis and prolonged inflammation of alveolar cells are associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. We aimed to determine whether CD40 affects alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells, with regard to evoking apoptosis and inflammation. Mice were repeatedly treated with agonistic-anti CD40 antibody (Ab), with or without agonistic-anti Fas Ab, and evaluated for apoptosis and inflammation in lungs. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells were treated with agonistic anti-CD40 Ab and/or anti-Fas Ab to see their direct effect on apoptosis and secretion of proinflammatory molecules in vitro. Furthermore, plasma soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) level was evaluated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In mice, inhaling agonistic anti-CD40 Ab induced moderate alveolar enlargement. CD40 stimulation, in combination with anti-Fas Ab, induced significant emphysematous changes and increased alveolar cell apoptosis. CD40 stimulation also enhanced IFN-γ-mediated emphysematous changes, not via apoptosis induction, but via inflammation with lymphocyte accumulation. In vitro, Fas-mediated apoptosis was enhanced by CD40 stimulation and IFN-γ in endothelial cells and by CD40 stimulation in epithelial cells. CD40 stimulation induced secretion of CCR5 ligands in endothelial cells, enhanced with IFN-γ. Plasma sCD40L levels were significantly increased in patients with COPD, inversely correlating to the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and positively correlating to low attenuation area score by CT scan, regardless of smoking history. Collectively CD40 plays a contributing role in the development of pulmonary emphysema by sensitizing Fas-mediated apoptosis in alveolar cells and increasing the secretion of proinflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Shigeta
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Kim SY, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Park MK, Huh JW, Ro JY, Oh YM, Lee SD, Lee YS. Mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media recovers lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L891-908. [PMID: 22307909 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00288.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes apoptotic death, senescence, and impairment of repair functions in lung fibroblasts, which maintain the integrity of alveolar structure by producing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, recovery of lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage may be crucial in regeneration of emphysematous lung resulting from degradation of ECM proteins and subsequent loss of alveolar cells. Recently, we reported that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned media (MSC-CM) led to angiogenesis and regeneration of lung damaged by cigarette smoke. In this study, to further investigate reparative mechanisms for MSC-CM-mediated lung repair, we attempted to determine whether MSC-CM can recover lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage. In lung fibroblasts exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), MSC-CM, not only inhibited apoptotic death, but also induced cell proliferation and reversed CSE-induced changes in the levels of caspase-3, p53, p21, p27, Akt, and p-Akt. MSC-CM also restored expression of ECM proteins and collagen gel contraction while suppressing CSE-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE(2) synthase-2. The CSE-opposing effects of MSC-CM on cell fate, expression of ECM proteins, and collagen gel contraction were partially inhibited by LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. In rats, MSC-CM administration also resulted in elevation of p-Akt and restored proliferation of lung fibroblasts, which was suppressed by exposure to cigarette smoke. Taken together, these data suggest that MSC-CM may recover lung fibroblasts from cigarette smoke-induced damage, possibly through inhibition of apoptosis, induction of proliferation, and restoration of lung fibroblast repair function, which are mediated in part by the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yong Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon
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Vidal D, Fortunato G, Klein W, Cortizo L, Vasconcelos J, Ribeiro-dos-Santos R, Soares M, Macambira S. Alterations in pulmonary structure by elastase administration in a model of emphysema in mice is associated with functional disturbances. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2012; 18:128-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Protective effects of bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy on lung and heart in an elastase-induced emphysema model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 182:26-36. [PMID: 22266352 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMDMC) therapy protects the lung and consequently the heart in experimental elastase-induced emphysema. Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally instilled with saline (C group) or porcine pancreatic elastase (E group) once a week during 4 weeks. C and E groups were randomized into subgroups receiving saline (SAL) or male BMDMCs (2 × 10(6), CELL) intravenously 3h after the first saline or elastase instillation. Compared to E-SAL group, E-CELL mice showed, at 5 weeks: lower mean linear intercept, neutrophil infiltration, elastolysis, collagen fiber deposition in alveolar septa and pulmonary vessel wall, lung cell apoptosis, right ventricle wall thickness and area, higher endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor mRNA expressions in lung tissue, and reduced platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and caspase-3 expressions. In conclusion, BMDMC therapy was effective at modulating the inflammatory and remodeling processes in the present model of elastase-induced emphysema.
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Chilosi M, Poletti V, Rossi A. The pathogenesis of COPD and IPF: distinct horns of the same devil? Respir Res 2012; 13:3. [PMID: 22235752 PMCID: PMC3282644 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New paradigms have been recently proposed in the pathogenesis of both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), evidencing surprising similarities between these deadly diseases, despite their obvious clinical, radiological and pathologic differences. There is growing evidence supporting a "double hit" pathogenic model where in both COPD and IPF the cumulative action of an accelerated senescence of pulmonary parenchyma (determined by either telomere dysfunction and/or a variety of genetic predisposing factors), and the noxious activity of cigarette smoke-induced oxidative damage are able to severely compromise the regenerative potential of two pulmonary precursor cell compartments (alveolar epithelial precursors in IPF, mesenchymal precursor cells in COPD/emphysema). The consequent divergent derangement of signalling pathways involved in lung tissue renewal (mainly Wnt and Notch), can eventually lead to the distinct abnormal tissue remodelling and functional impairment that characterise the alveolar parenchyma in these diseases (irreversible fibrosis and bronchiolar honeycombing in IPF, emphysema and airway chronic inflammation in COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, Italy.
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Kim SY, Lee JH, Huh JW, Ro JY, Oh YM, Lee SD, An S, Lee YS. Cigarette smoke induces Akt protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:31932-43. [PMID: 21778238 PMCID: PMC3173210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.267633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is one of the characteristic features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is caused mainly by cigarette smoking. Recent data have suggested that apoptosis and cell cycle arrest may contribute to the development of emphysema. In this study, we addressed the question of whether and how cigarette smoke affected Akt, which plays a critical role in cell survival and proliferation. In normal human lung fibroblasts, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) caused cell death, accompanying degradation of total and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), which was inhibited by MG132. CSE exposure resulted in preferential ubiquitination of the active Akt (myristoylated), rather than the inactive (T308A/S473A double mutant) Akt. Consistent with cytotoxicity, CSE induced a progressive decrease of phosphorylated human homolog of mouse double minute homolog 2 (p-HDM2) and phosphorylated apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (p-ASK1) with concomitant elevation of p53, p21, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK. Forced expression of the active Akt reduced both CSE-induced cytotoxicity and alteration in HDM2/p53/p21 and ASK1/p38 MAPK, compared with the inactive Akt. Of note, CSE induced expression of the tetratrico-peptide repeat domain 3 (TTC3), known as a ubiquitin ligase for active Akt. TTC3 siRNAs suppressed not only CSE-induced Akt degradation but also CSE-induced cytotoxicity. Accordingly, rat lungs exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 months showed elevated TTC3 expression and reduced Akt and p-Akt. Taken together, these data suggest that cigarette smoke induces cytotoxicity, partly through Akt degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in which TTC3 acts as a ubiquitin ligase for active Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Yong Kim
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 440-746
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Seongnam 463-712
| | - Jin Won Huh
- the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma Center, and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, and
| | - Jai Youl Ro
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 440-746
| | - Yeon-Mock Oh
- the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma Center, and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, and
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asthma Center, and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, and
| | - Sungkwan An
- the Functional Genoproteome Research Centre, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Song Lee
- From the Division of Pharmacology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Suwon 440-746
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