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Bloch W, Suhr F, Zimmer P. Molekulare Mechanismen der Herz- und Gefäßanpassung durch Sport. Herz 2012; 37:508-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-012-3637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
The calcium-binding protein S100B is produced primarily by astrocytes and exerts concentration-dependent paracrine and autocrine effects on neurons and glia. The numerous findings of a correlation between S100B and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have resulted in the employment of this protein as a clinical biomarker for such injury. Our present aim was to determine whether cycling with (V) or without (NV) vibration alters serum concentrations of S100B. Twelve healthy, male non-smokers (age: 25.3±1.6 yrs, body mass: 74.2±5.9 kg, body height: 181.0±3.7 cm, VO2peak: 56.9±5.1 ml·min(-1)·kg(-1) (means ± SD)) completed in random order two separate trials to exhaustion on a vibrating bicycle (amplitude 4 mm and frequency 20 Hz) connected to an ergometer. The initial workload of 100 W was elevated by 50 W every 5 min and the mean maximal period of exercise was 25:27±1:30 min. The S100B in venous blood taken at rest, immediately after the test, and 30, 60 and 240 min post-exercise exhibited no significant differences (p>0.05), suggesting that cycling with and without vibration does not influence this parameter.
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Nourshahi M, Hedayati M, Ranjbar K. The correlation between resting serum leptin and serum angiogenic indices at rest and after submaximal exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 173:6-12. [PMID: 21924298 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of leptin as stimulant angiogenic factor has been studied. But the association of leptin levels and exercise-induced angiogenesis has not been studied. Accordingly, the researchers investigated whether there were any differences in circulating serum VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 among high and low resting leptin individuals at rest or in response to submaximal exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose the researchers defined two groups with high and low resting leptin levels. Fifteen subjects with high resting leptin (23.57±9.14ng/ml and Vo(2) max=29.46±3.62ml/kg.min) and fifteen subjects with low resting leptin level (1.04±0.49ng/ml and Vo(2) max=37.99±4.63ml/kgmin) exercised for 1h (1h) at 70% of Vo(2) max. Antecubital vein blood was collected at rest, immediately and 2h post exercise. Serum VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured by ELISA method. RESULTS Results of the study showed that the resting serum levels of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 didn't have any correlation with basic levels of leptin. In low leptin group the levels of VEGF and MMP-2 in immediately post exercise decreased significantly, but in high leptin group, only VEGF decreased significantly. 2h post exercise; the VEGF level in the low resting leptin group was significantly lower than that of its basal level. Beside, MMP-2 in the high and low basic levels of leptin groups were significantly increased compared to that of immediately post exercise. But the amount of MMP-9 did not change significantly in response to exercise in two groups. There were not any differences in the changes of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in response to exercise between two groups. Furthermore, resting leptin had a significant correlation with V0(2) max. CONCLUSION The obtained results showed that the serum VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not have any correlation with basic levels of leptin. In addition, it was concluded that levels of different resting leptin is ineffective on serum levels of VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 at rest and in response to exercise in normal healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nourshahi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin 198396113, Tehran, Iran.
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Isachenko V, Maettner R, Sterzik K, Strehler E, Kreinberg R, Hancke K, Roth S, Isachenko E. In-vitro culture of human embryos with mechanical micro-vibration increases implantation rates. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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OLFERT IMARK, BIROT OLIVIER. Importance of Anti-angiogenic Factors in the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Angiogenesis. Microcirculation 2011; 18:316-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Foster EB, Fisher G, Sartin JL, Elsasser TH, Wu G, Cowan W, Pascoe DD. Acute regulation of IGF-I by alterations in post-exercise macronutrients. Amino Acids 2011; 42:1405-16. [PMID: 21293890 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This investigation sought to examine the contributions of exercise and nutrient replenishment on in vivo regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis components. Eight college-aged males completed three high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols followed by three post-exercise nutritional protocols: (1) placebo (EX); (2) carbohydrate only (CHO); and (3) essential amino acid/carbohydrate (EAA/CHO). Samples were analyzed for growth hormone (GH), free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, insulin, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum leucine, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) proteolytic activity, and presence of IGFBP-3 protease activity. No evidence for IGFBP-3 proteolysis was observed. Significant increases in [free IGF-I] and [leucine] were observed in the EAA/CHO group only. Significant differences were noted in [IGFBP-1] and [IGFBP-2] across conditions. Significant increases in [GH] and MMP-9 activity were observed in all groups. These results indicate that post-exercise macronutrient ratio is a determinant of [free IGF-I], [IGFBP-1 and -2] and may play a role in modulating the IGF-I axis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Foster
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Wahl P, Zinner C, Achtzehn S, Behringer M, Bloch W, Mester J. Effects of acid–base balance and high or low intensity exercise on VEGF and bFGF. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:1405-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1767-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gill H, Hoffmann A. The Timing of Onset of Mechanical Systole and Diastole in Reference to the QRS-T Complex: a Study to Determine Performance Criteria for a Non-Invasive Diastolic Timed Vibration Massage System in Treatment of Potentially Unstable Cardiac Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 10:235-45. [PMID: 21113800 DOI: 10.1007/s10558-010-9108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harjit Gill
- Division of Research and Development, Ahof Biophysical Systems Inc., Burnaby V5C4G8, Canada
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59
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Abstract
The regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia is an essential homeostatic mechanism that depends on a precise balance between positive and negative angiogenic regulatory molecules. Proangiogenic factors are well characterized; however, several in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that there are feedback mechanisms in place to inhibit angiogenesis during hypoxia. Understanding the signaling pathways leading to the negative feedback of angiogenesis will undoubtedly provide important tools to develop novel therapeutic strategies not only to enhance the angiogenic response in coronary artery disease but also to hinder deregulated angiogenesis in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Messmer-Blust
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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60
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Rittweger J, Moss AD, Colier W, Stewart C, Degens H. Muscle tissue oxygenation and VEGF in VO2-matched vibration and squatting exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2010; 30:269-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2010.00937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hand J, Verscheure S, Osternig L. A comparison of whole-body vibration and resistance training on total work in the rotator cuff. J Athl Train 2010; 44:469-74. [PMID: 19771284 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-44.5.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Whole-body vibration machines are a relatively new technology being implemented in the athletic setting. Numerous authors have examined the proposed physiologic mechanisms of vibration therapy and performance outcomes. Changes have mainly been observed in the lower extremity after individual exercises, with minimal attention to the upper extremity and resistance training programs. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a novel vibration intervention directed at the upper extremity as a precursor to a supervised, multijoint dynamic resistance training program. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING National Collegiate Athletic Association Division IA institution. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Thirteen female student-athletes were divided into the following 2 treatment groups: (1) whole-body vibration and resistance training or (2) resistance training only. INTERVENTION(S) Participants in the vibration and resistance training group used an experimental vibration protocol of 2 x 60 seconds at 4 mm and 50 Hz, in a modified push-up position, 3 times per week for 10 weeks, just before their supervised resistance training session. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Isokinetic total work measurements of the rotator cuff were collected at baseline and at week 5 and week 10. RESULTS No differences were found between the treatment groups (P > .05). However, rotator cuff output across time increased in both groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Although findings did not differ between the groups, the use of whole-body vibration as a precursor to multijoint exercises warrants further investigation because of the current lack of literature on the topic. Our results indicate that indirectly strengthening the rotator cuff using a multijoint dynamic resistance training program is possible.
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Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:877-904. [PMID: 20012646 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Whilst exposure to vibration is traditionally regarded as perilous, recent research has focussed on potential benefits. Here, the physical principles of forced oscillations are discussed in relation to vibration as an exercise modality. Acute physiological responses to isolated tendon and muscle vibration and to whole body vibration exercise are reviewed, as well as the training effects upon the musculature, bone mineral density and posture. Possible applications in sports and medicine are discussed. Evidence suggests that acute vibration exercise seems to elicit a specific warm-up effect, and that vibration training seems to improve muscle power, although the potential benefits over traditional forms of resistive exercise are still unclear. Vibration training also seems to improve balance in sub-populations prone to fall, such as frail elderly people. Moreover, literature suggests that vibration is beneficial to reduce chronic lower back pain and other types of pain. Other future indications are perceivable.
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Wahl P, Brixius K, Bloch W. Exercise‐induced stem cell activation and its implication for cardiovascular and skeletal muscle regeneration. MINIM INVASIV THER 2009; 17:91-9. [DOI: 10.1080/13645700801969816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Suhr F, Rosenwick C, Vassiliadis A, Bloch W, Brixius K. Regulation of extracellular matrix compounds involved in angiogenic processes in short- and long-track elite runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 20:441-8. [PMID: 19558382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise induces alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM), e.g. by an increased release of endostatin or by regulation of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2/-9, and cathepsin L. To investigate the influence of training status on exercise-induced ECM-processing of angiogenic molecules, alterations of endostatin-, MMP-2, and MMP-9 plasma concentrations during incremental running step tests in male elite short-track (n=6) and male elite long-track runners (n=7) were studied. Three blood samples (pre-exercise, 0, and 1 h post-exercise) were taken from each subject at each running test. In both groups, the basal endostatin plasma concentration was significantly decreased at the second running test, i.e. after the training season. Exercise-related acute alterations of the parameters were also observed only during the second test. In the long-track group, there was a significant increase in endostatin at 0 h and of MMP-2 at 1 h post-exercise. In the short-track group, only MMP-9 was significantly increased at 0 h post-exercise. Cathepsin L was increased at 0 h post-exercise. In conclusion, regular exercise performance decreases the basal endostatin plasma concentration, facilitates ECM-processing of angiogenic molecules by regular performance, and seems to be dependent on the kind of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Suhr
- Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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65
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Effects of exercise training on the matrix metalloprotease response to acute exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106:655-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Quintero AJ, Wright VJ, Fu FH, Huard J. Stem cells for the treatment of skeletal muscle injury. Clin Sports Med 2009; 28:1-11. [PMID: 19064161 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries are extremely common, accounting for up to 35%-55% of all sports injuries and quite possibly affecting all musculoskeletal traumas. These injuries result in the formation of fibrosis, which may lead to the development of painful contractures, increases patients' risk for repeat injuries, and limits their ability to return to a baseline or pre-injury level of function. The development of successful therapies for these injuries must consider the pathophysiology of these musculoskeletal conditions. We discuss the direct use of muscle-derived stem cells and some key cell population dynamics as well as the use of clinically applicable modalities that may enhance the local supply of stem cells to the zone of injury by promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres J Quintero
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 4100 Rangos Research Center, 3640 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA
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Ischemia-reperfusion injury activates early extracellular matrix processing and expression of endostatin in the heart with differential effects of temperature. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 104:559-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Intensive exercise induces changes of endothelial nitric oxide synthase pattern in human erythrocytes. Nitric Oxide 2008; 20:95-103. [PMID: 18977310 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) in the circulation has been attributed exclusively to the vascular endothelium, especially to endothelial cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that red blood cells (RBCs) express the endothelial NOS isoform (eNOS). In addition, RBCs have been assumed to metabolize large quantities of NO due to their high content of hemoglobin. In addition to its known action on endothelial cells, NO seems to possess cardiovascular effects via regulation of RBC deformability. To get a better understanding of the question whether RBCs endothelial NOS (eNOS) is affected by intensive exercise undertaken by elite athletes, the present study aimed to investigate eNOS content, activated eNOS, phosphorylation states of eNOS (eNOSSer(116), eNOSSer(1177), eNOSThr(495)) and nitrotyrosine in erythrocytes of international-class field hockey players following a two-day long intensive training camp. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the training camp. The athletes were required to complete at least two training sessions per day. The results showed that eNOS content, activated eNOS, eNOSSer(1177), and nitrotyrosine were significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated after the training camp. In contrast, eNOSSer(116), and eNOSThr(495) did not show significant changes, although eNOSThr(495) (p=0.081) tended to decrease. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly decreased after training camp. In conclusion, this study gains new insights into a possible down-regulation of eNOS and NO production in human RBCs following high intensity exercises. It can be speculated that the reduction of eNOS and the combined reduction of eNOS activity influence erythrocyte deformability and lead subsequently to a rheological impairment.
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69
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Egginton S. Invited review: activity-induced angiogenesis. Pflugers Arch 2008; 457:963-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-008-0563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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