51
|
Cartilage-specific deletion of Mig-6 results in osteoarthritis-like disorder with excessive articular chondrocyte proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2590-5. [PMID: 24550287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400744111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A deficiency of mitogen-inducible gene-6 (Mig-6) in mice leads to the development of an early-onset, osteoarthritis (OA)-like disorder in multiple synovial joints, underlying its importance in maintaining joint homeostasis. Here we determined what joint tissues Mig-6 is expressed in and what role chondrocytes play in the Mig-6-deficient OA-like disorder. A Mig-6/lacZ reporter mouse strain expressing β-galactosidase under the control of the Mig-6 gene promoter was generated to determine Mig-6 expression in joint tissues. By β-galactosidase staining, we demonstrated that Mig-6 was uniquely expressed in the cells across the entire surface of the synovial joint cavity, including chondrocytes in the superficial zone of articular cartilage and in the meniscus, as well as synovial lining cells. By crossing Mig-6-floxed mice to Col2a1-Cre transgenic mice, to generate cartilage-specific deletion of Mig-6, we demonstrated that deficiency of Mig-6 in the chondrocytes results in a joint phenotype that only partially recapitulates the OA-like disorder of the Mig-6-deficient mice: Ubiquitous deletion of Mig-6 led to the OA-like disorder in multiple joints, whereas cartilage-specific deletion affected the knees but rarely other joints. Furthermore, chondrocytes with Mig-6 deficiency showed excessive proliferative activities along with enhanced EGF receptor signaling in the articular cartilage and in the abnormally formed osteophytes. Our findings provide insight into the crucial requirement for Mig-6 in maintaining joint homeostasis and in regulating chondrocyte activities in the synovial joints. Our data also suggest that other cell types are required for fully developing the Mig-6-deficient OA-like disorder.
Collapse
|
52
|
Wanner JP, Subbaiah R, Skomorovska-Prokvolit Y, Shishani Y, Boilard E, Mohan S, Gillespie R, Miyagi M, Gobezie R. Proteomic profiling and functional characterization of early and late shoulder osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R180. [PMID: 24286485 PMCID: PMC3979061 DOI: 10.1186/ar4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of effective treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) has been hampered by a poor understanding of OA at the cellular and molecular levels. Emerging as a disease of the 'whole joint', the importance of the biochemical contribution of various tissues, including synovium, bone and articular cartilage, has become increasingly significant. Bathing the entire joint structure, the proteomic analysis of synovial fluid (SF) from osteoarthritic shoulders offers a valuable 'snapshot' of the biologic environment throughout disease progression. The purpose of this study was to identify differentially expressed proteins in early and late shoulder osteoarthritic SF in comparison to healthy SF. METHODS A quantitative 18O labeling proteomic approach was employed to identify the dysregulated SF proteins in early (n = 5) and late (n = 4) OA patients compared to control individuals (n = 5). In addition, ELISA was used to quantify six pro-inflammatory and two anti-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Key results include a greater relative abundance of proteins related to the complement system and the extracellular matrix in SF from both early and late OA. Pathway analyses suggests dysregulation of the acute phase response, liver x receptor/retinoid x receptor (LXR/RXR), complement system and coagulation pathways in both early and late OA. The network related to lipid metabolism was down-regulated in both early and late OA. Inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL) 6, IL 8 and IL 18 were up-regulated in early and late OA. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a dysregulation of wound repair pathways in shoulder OA contributing to the presence of a 'chronic wound' that progresses irreversibly from early to later stages of OA. Protease inhibitors were downregulated in late OA suggesting uncontrolled proteolytic activity occurring in late OA. These results contribute to the theory that protease inhibitors represent promising therapeutic agents which could limit proteolytic activity that ultimately leads to cartilage destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Wanner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roopashree Subbaiah
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yelenna Skomorovska-Prokvolit
- Case Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yousef Shishani
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sujatha Mohan
- Laboratory for Integrated Bioinformatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Kanagawa, 230 0045, Japan
| | - Robert Gillespie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Case Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Reuben Gobezie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Shoulder Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 5885 Landerbrook Drive, Monarch Center, Mayfield Heights, OH, 44121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Molecular insight into the association between cartilage regeneration and ear wound healing in genetic mouse models: targeting new genes in regeneration. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1881-91. [PMID: 24002865 PMCID: PMC3815053 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.007302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a complex trait with few genetic models available. Mouse strains LG/J and MRL are exceptional healers. Using recombinant inbred strains from a large (LG/J, healer) and small (SM/J, nonhealer) intercross, we have previously shown a positive genetic correlation between ear wound healing, knee cartilage regeneration, and protection from osteoarthritis. We hypothesize that a common set of genes operates in tissue healing and articular cartilage regeneration. Taking advantage of archived histological sections from recombinant inbred strains, we analyzed expression of candidate genes through branched-chain DNA technology directly from tissue lysates. We determined broad-sense heritability of candidates, Pearson correlation of candidates with healing phenotypes, and Ward minimum variance cluster analysis for strains. A bioinformatic assessment of allelic polymorphisms within and near candidate genes was also performed. The expression of several candidates was significantly heritable among strains. Although several genes correlated with both ear wound healing and cartilage healing at a marginal level, the expression of four genes representing DNA repair (Xrcc2, Pcna) and Wnt signaling (Axin2, Wnt16) pathways was significantly positively correlated with both phenotypes. Cluster analysis accurately classified healers and nonhealers for seven out of eight strains based on gene expression. Specific sequence differences between LG/J and SM/J were identified as potential causal polymorphisms. Our study suggests a common genetic basis between tissue healing and osteoarthritis susceptibility. Mapping genetic variations causing differences in diverse healing responses in multiple tissues may reveal generic healing processes in pursuit of new therapeutic targets designed to induce or enhance regeneration and, potentially, protection from osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
54
|
Joiner DM, Less KD, Van Wieren EM, Hess D, Williams BO. Heterozygosity for an inactivating mutation in low-density lipoprotein-related receptor 6 (Lrp6) increases osteoarthritis severity in mice after ligament and meniscus injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1576-85. [PMID: 23756208 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an integral and complex role in cartilage development and maintenance. β-catenin signaling has been linked to osteoarthritis (OA), but the role of Lrp6-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling during OA remains unexplored. Mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (low-density lipoprotein-related receptors 5 and 6) result in skeletal abnormalities, which tend to be more severe in Lrp6 mutant mice. We examined OA development, chondrocyte and osteoblast behavior, and β-catenin signaling after ligament and meniscus damage in mice with global heterozygous deletion of Lrp6. DESIGN Ligament and meniscus damage was surgically induced in Lrp6(+/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, and evidence of joint disease was assessed by Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and catabolic enzyme activity were measured. RESULTS Relative to WT mice, Lrp6(+/-) mice had lower nuclear β-catenin signaling within articular cartilage. After surgery, osteophytes and reduced articular cartilage were apparent in WT mice, but more severe in Lrp6(+/-) animals. Impairments to trabecular bone geometry occurred for WT and Lrp6(+/-) mice after surgery. Relative to WT mice, Lrp6(+/-) mice had reduced trabecular BMD and thickness, and Cyclin D1 and Lrp6 gene expression after surgery. There was an increase in apoptotic cells and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) for Lrp6(+/-) mice after surgery, but no differences in cell proliferation occurred. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in Lrp6 leads to less β-catenin signaling within articular cartilage and to increased degenerative joint disease after ligament and meniscus injury. Modulation of Lrp6 function could attenuate joint disease after damage to ligaments and the meniscus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Joiner
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Tchetina EV, Poole AR, Zaitseva EM, Sharapova EP, Kashevarova NG, Taskina EA, Alekseeva LI, Semyonova LA, Glukhova SI, Kuzin AN, Makarov MA, Makarov SA. Differences in Mammalian target of rapamycin gene expression in the peripheral blood and articular cartilages of osteoarthritic patients and disease activity. ARTHRITIS 2013; 2013:461486. [PMID: 23864948 PMCID: PMC3707211 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The gene expression of mTOR, autophagy-related ULK1, caspase 3, CDK-inhibitor p21, and TNF α was measured in the peripheral blood of osteoarthritic (OA) patients at different stages of the disease aiming to establish a gene expression profile that might indicate the activity of the disease and joint destruction. Whole blood of 65 OA outpatients, 27 end-stage OA patients, 27 healthy volunteers, and knee articular cartilages of 28 end-stage OA patients and 26 healthy subjects were examined. OA outpatients were subjected to clinical testing, ultrasonography, and radiographic and WOMAC scoring. Protein levels of p70-S6K, p21, and caspase 3 were quantified by ELISA. Gene expression was measured using real-time RT-PCR. Upregulation of mTOR gene expression was observed in PBMCs of 42 OA outpatients ("High mTOR expression subset") and in PBMCs and articular cartilages of all end-stage OA patients. A positive correlation between mTOR gene expression in PBMCs and cartilage was observed in the end-stage OA patients. 23 OA outpatients in the "Low mTOR expression subset" exhibited significantly lower mTOR gene expression in PBMCs compared to healthy controls. These "Low mTOR" subset subjects experienced significantly more pain upon walking, and standing and increased total joint stiffness versus "High mTOR" subset, while the latter more often exhibited synovitis. The protein concentrations of p70-S6K, p21, and caspase 3 in PBMCs were significantly lower in the "Low" subset versus "High" subset and end-stage subjects. Increases in the expression of mTOR in PBMCs of OA patients are related to disease activity, being associated with synovitis more than with pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Tchetina
- Clinical Immunology Department, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - A. Robin Poole
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A OG4
| | - Elena M. Zaitseva
- Osteoarthritis Laboratory, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Eugeniya P. Sharapova
- Osteoarthritis Laboratory, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Natalya G. Kashevarova
- Osteoarthritis Laboratory, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Elena A. Taskina
- Osteoarthritis Laboratory, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Liudmila I. Alekseeva
- Osteoarthritis Laboratory, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Liudmila A. Semyonova
- Pathomorphology Department, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Svetlana I. Glukhova
- Statistics Department, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Alexandr N. Kuzin
- Forensic Medicine Service, Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 111020, Russia
| | - Maxim A. Makarov
- Surgery Department, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Makarov
- Surgery Department, Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 115522, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Anitua E, Sánchez M, Orive G, Padilla S. A biological therapy to osteoarthritis treatment using platelet-rich plasma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1161-72. [PMID: 23834251 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.801450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease affecting the synovial joint. It is caused by cells exposure to non-physiological stimuli, either mechanical or biochemical, and the loss of bone-cartilage homeostasis. Some of these changes, however, may be reversed by the use of single or combined growth factors, suggesting that the treatment of OA could be addressed using a pool of growth factors. AREAS COVERED This review addresses current molecular and biological knowledge and implicates the recapitulation of some developmental processes during endochondral ossification in OA aetiology and pathogenesis. Platelets act as carriers of endogenous morphogens that may modulate cell fate and therefore affect joint tissues structure and function. We shed light on the platelet-rich plasma effects on biological level that might drive the osteoarthritic joint's improvement both in structure and function. EXPERT OPINION We present the therapeutic potential of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF-Endoret), an endogenous biological therapy that might modulate the gene expression of cells such as chondrocytes, synoviocytes, macrophages, and mesenchymal stem cells, and thereby influence an anabolic microenvironment of synovial joint which is conducive to maintaining the homeostatic state of the joint's tissues, and hence reduce pain and improve the joint motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- Foundation Eduardo Anitua Biotechnology Institute, Jacinto Quincoces, 39, 01007 Vitoria (Álava), Spain. eduardoanitua.@eduardoanitua.com
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Kotecha M, Klatt D, Magin RL. Monitoring cartilage tissue engineering using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging, and elastography. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:470-84. [PMID: 23574498 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A key technical challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is the development of a noninvasive method for monitoring the composition, structure, and function of the tissue at different growth stages. Due to its noninvasive, three-dimensional imaging capabilities and the breadth of available contrast mechanisms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can be expected to play a leading role in assessing engineered cartilage. In this review, we describe the new MR-based tools (spectroscopy, imaging, and elastography) that can provide quantitative biomarkers for cartilage tissue development both in vitro and in vivo. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can identify the changing molecular structure and alternations in the conformation of major macromolecules (collagen and proteoglycans) using parameters such as chemical shift, relaxation rates, and magnetic spin couplings. MRI provides high-resolution images whose contrast reflects developing tissue microstructure and porosity through changes in local relaxation times and the apparent diffusion coefficient. Magnetic resonance elastography uses low-frequency mechanical vibrations in conjunction with MRI to measure soft tissue mechanical properties (shear modulus and viscosity). When combined, these three techniques provide a noninvasive, multiscale window for characterizing cartilage tissue growth at all stages of tissue development, from the initial cell seeding of scaffolds to the development of the extracellular matrix during construct incubation, and finally, to the postimplantation assessment of tissue integration in animals and patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrignayani Kotecha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Kotecha M, Ravindran S, Schmid TM, Vaidyanathan A, George A, Magin RL. Application of sodium triple-quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy for the study of growth dynamics in cartilage tissue engineering. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:709-17. [PMID: 23378198 PMCID: PMC3634872 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied the tissue growth dynamics of tissue-engineered cartilage at an early growth stage after cell seeding for four weeks using sodium triple-quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy. The following tissue-engineering constructs were studied: 1) bovine chondrocytes cultured in alginate beads; 2) bovine chondrocytes cultured as pellets (scaffold-free chondrocyte pellets); and 3) human marrow stromal cells (HMSCs) seeded in collagen/chitosan based biomimetic scaffolds. We found that the sodium triple-quantum coherence spectroscopy could differentiate between different tissue-engineered constructs and native tissues based on the fast and slow components of relaxation rate as well as on the average quadrupolar coupling. Both fast (Tf ) and slow (Ts ) relaxation times were found to be longer in chondrocyte pellets and biomimetic scaffolds compared to chondrocytes suspended in alginate beads and human articular cartilage tissues. In all cases, it was found that relaxation rates and motion of sodium ions measured from correlation times were dependent on the amount of macromolecules, high cell density and anisotropy of the cartilage tissue-engineered constructs. Average quadrupolar couplings were found to be lower in the engineered tissue compared to native tissue, presumably due to the lack of order in collagen accumulated in the engineered tissue. These results support the use of sodium triple-quantum coherence spectroscopy as a tool to investigate anisotropy and growth dynamics of cartilage tissue-engineered constructs in a simple and reliable way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrignayani Kotecha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Song J, Kim D, Lee CH, Lee MS, Chun CH, Jin EJ. MicroRNA-488 regulates zinc transporter SLC39A8/ZIP8 during pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:31. [PMID: 23688035 PMCID: PMC3706240 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal dysfunction, there are no effective pharmacological treatments to treat OA due to lack of understanding in OA pathology. To better understand the mechanism in OA pathogenesis and investigate its effective target, we analyzed miRNA profiles during OA pathogenesis and verify the role and its functional targets of miR-488. Results Human articular chondrocytes were obtained from cartilage of OA patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and biopsy samples of normal cartilage and the expression profile of miRNA was analyzed. From expression profile, most potent miR was selected and its target and functional role in OA pathogenesis were investigated using target validation system and OA animal model system. Among miRNAs tested, miR-488 was significantly decreased in OA chondrocytes Furthermore, we found that exposure of IL-1β was also suppressed whereas exposure of TGF-β3 induced the induction of miR-488 in human articular chondrocytes isolated from biopsy samples of normal cartilages. Target validation study showed that miR-488 targets ZIP8 and suppression of ZIP8 in OA animal model showed the reduced cartilage degradation. Target validation study showed that miR-488 targets ZIP8 and suppression of ZIP8 in OA animal model showed the reduced cartilage degradation. Conclusions miR-488 acts as a positive role for chondrocyte differentiation/cartilage development by inhibiting MMP-13 activity through targeting ZIP-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Zhen G, Wen C, Jia X, Li Y, Crane JL, Mears SC, Askin FB, Frassica FJ, Chang W, Yao J, Carrino JA, Cosgarea A, Artemov D, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Zhou X, Riley L, Sponseller P, Wan M, Lu WW, Cao X. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in mesenchymal stem cells of subchondral bone attenuates osteoarthritis. Nat Med 2013; 19:704-12. [PMID: 23685840 PMCID: PMC3676689 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 709] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent and debilitating joint disorder. There is no effective medical therapy for osteoarthritis due to limited understanding of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. We show that TGF–β1 is activated in the subchondral bone in response to altered mechanical loading in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) osteoarthritis mouse model. TGF–β1 concentrations also increased in human osteoarthritis subchondral bone. High concentrations of TGF–β1 induced formation of nestin+ mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) clusters leading to aberrant bone formation accompanied by increased angiogenesis. Transgenic expression of active TGF–β1 in osteoblastic cells induced osteoarthritis. Inhibition of TGF–β activity in subchondral bone attenuated degeneration of osteoarthritis articular cartilage. Notably, knockout of the TGF–β type II receptor (TβRII) in nestin+ MSCs reduced development of osteoarthritis in ACLT mice. Thus, high concentrations of active TGF–β1 in the subchondral bone initiated the pathological changes of osteoarthritis, inhibition of which could be a potential therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Coleman CM, Vaughan EE, Browe DC, Mooney E, Howard L, Barry F. Growth differentiation factor-5 enhances in vitro mesenchymal stromal cell chondrogenesis and hypertrophy. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1968-76. [PMID: 23388029 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative potential for adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been extensively investigated in the setting of arthritic disease and focal cartilage defects. In vitro chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is regularly accomplished by the widely used pellet culture system where MSCs are maintained in high-density pellets to mimic mesenchymal condensation during development. Supplementation of chondrogenic MSC pellet cultures with growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), a highly regulated gene in the chondrogenic phase of endochondral ossification (EO), was investigated here under the hypothesis that GDF-5 will enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, thereby supporting their entry into ossification. The supplementation of chondrogenic MSC pellets with the recombinant human GDF-5 protein significantly enhanced MSC chondrogenic differentiation, as demonstrated by enhanced collagen type II and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) incorporation into the extracellular matrix. Increased P-SMADs 1-5-8 were observed in pellets treated with GDF-5 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β 3 when compared to the pellets treated with TGF-β 3 alone, demonstrated by immunostaining and western blot analysis of the chondrogenic pellet extract. A concurrent increase in alkaline phosphatase, collagen types I and X, and osteopontin secretion indicated a transition of these cultures to hypertrophy. Together, these data support the application of GDF-5 to enhance MSC chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy as a precursor to EO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Coleman
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway City, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Nicotine-induced retardation of chondrogenesis through down-regulation of IGF-1 signaling pathway to inhibit matrix synthesis of growth plate chondrocytes in fetal rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:25-33. [PMID: 23454400 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that maternal tobacco smoking causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and skeletal growth retardation. Among a multitude of chemicals associated with cigarette smoking, nicotine is one of the leading candidates for causing low birth weights. However, the possible mechanism of delayed chondrogenesis by prenatal nicotine exposure remains unclear. We investigated the effects of nicotine on fetal growth plate chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Rats were given 2.0 mg/kg·d of nicotine subcutaneously from gestational days 11 to 20. Prenatal nicotine exposure increased the levels of fetal blood corticosterone and resulted in fetal skeletal growth retardation. Moreover, nicotine exposure induced the inhibition of matrix synthesis and down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling in fetal growth plates. The effects of nicotine on growth plates were studied in vitro by exposing fetal growth plate chondrocytes to 0, 1, 10, or 100 μM of nicotine for 10 days. Nicotine inhibited matrix synthesis and down-regulated IGF-1 signaling in chondrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that prenatal nicotine exposure induces delayed chondrogenesis and that the mechanism may involve the down-regulation of IGF-1 signaling and the inhibition of matrix synthesis by growth plate chondrocytes. The present study aids in the characterization of delayed chondrogenesis caused by prenatal nicotine exposure, which might suggest a candidate mechanism for intrauterine origins of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
63
|
Andrés-Bergós J, Tardio L, Larranaga-Vera A, Gómez R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Largo R. The increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine protein modification stimulates chondrogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:33615-28. [PMID: 22859309 PMCID: PMC3460460 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.354241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is an inducer of chondrocyte hypertrophy and growth plate chondrogenesis, although the specific molecular mechanisms behind these effects are mostly unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether insulin-induced chondrocyte hypertrophy occurs through a modification in the amount of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins and in the expression of the key enzymes of this pathway, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). We also studied if O-GlcNAc accumulation per se, induced by an OGA inhibitor, was able to induce pre-hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Insulin-induced differentiation of ATDC5 pre-chondrocytes occurred alongside a gradual increase in the accumulation of O-GlcNac-modified proteins (O-GlcNAcylated proteins), as well as an increase in the expression of O-GlcNAc transferase and OGA. In the absence of insulin, O-GlcNAc accumulation induced by thiamet-G, a specific OGA inhibitor, was able to increase the gene expression of differentiation markers, as well as the activity of MMP-2 and -9. Thiamet-G also activated pERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 and the O-GlcNAcylation of Akt. Thiamet-G administration to C57/bl mice induced a significant expansion in the growth plate height and in the hypertrophic zone height. Therefore, our results show that O-GlcNAc glycosylation has chondromodulating activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrés-Bergós
- From the Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Lidia Tardio
- From the Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ane Larranaga-Vera
- From the Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- From the Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- From the Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- From the Joint and Bone Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Elshawi A, Wakamatsu N, Iinuma M, Nagayama M, Tamura Y. TMJ Degenerative Changes in SAMP3 Mice by Occlusal Disharmony and Aging. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.21.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|