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Andersen RS, Anand A, Harwood DSL, Kristensen BW. Tumor-Associated Microglia and Macrophages in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Their Implications for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174255. [PMID: 34503065 PMCID: PMC8428223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor. Standard of care includes surgery followed by radiation and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite treatment, patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 15 months. The poor prognosis is associated with an increased abundance of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), which are known to play a role in creating a pro-tumorigenic environment and aiding tumor progression. Most treatment strategies are directed against glioblastoma cells; however, accumulating evidence suggests targeting of TAMs as a promising therapeutic strategy. While TAMs are typically dichotomously classified as M1 and M2 phenotypes, recent studies utilizing single cell technologies have identified expression pattern differences, which is beginning to give a deeper understanding of the heterogeneous subpopulations of TAMs in glioblastomas. In this review, we evaluate the role of TAMs in the glioblastoma microenvironment and discuss how their interactions with cancer cells have an extensive impact on glioblastoma progression and treatment resistance. Finally, we summarize the effects and challenges of therapeutic strategies, which specifically aim to target TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Sick Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.S.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Atul Anand
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.S.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Dylan Scott Lykke Harwood
- Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Winther Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (R.S.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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Suresh R, Barakat DJ, Barberi T, Zheng L, Jaffee E, Pienta KJ, Friedman AD. NF-κB p50-deficient immature myeloid cell (p50-IMC) adoptive transfer slows the growth of murine prostate and pancreatic ductal carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000244. [PMID: 31940589 PMCID: PMC7057444 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages and dendritic cells lacking the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B p50 are skewed toward a proinflammatory phenotype, with increased cytokine expression and enhanced T cell activation; additionally, murine melanoma, fibrosarcoma, colon carcinoma, and glioblastoma grow slower in p50−/− mice. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of p50-negative immature myeloid cells (p50-IMCs) adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hosts. Immature cells were used to maximize tumor localization, and pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was examined due to its potential to impair marrow production of myeloid cells, to target tumor myeloid cells and to release tumor neoantigens. Methods Wild-type (WT)-IMC or p50-IMC were generated by culturing lineage-negative marrow cells from WT or p50−/− mice in media containing thrombopoietin, stem cell factor and Flt3 ligand for 6 days followed by monocyte colony-stimulating factor for 1 day on ultralow attachment plates. Mice inoculated with Hi-Myc prostate cancer (PCa) cells or K-RasG12D pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC)-luciferase cells received 5FU followed 5 days later by three doses of 107 immature myeloid cells (IMC) every 3–4 days. Results PCa cells grew slower in p50−/− mice, and absence of host p50 prolonged the survival of mice inoculated orthotopically with PDC cells. IMC from Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-luciferase mice localized to tumor, nodes, spleen, marrow, and lung. 5FU followed by p50-IMC slowed PCa and PDC tumor growth, ~3-fold on average, in contrast to 5FU followed by WT-IMC, 5FU alone or p50-IMC alone. Slowed tumor growth was evident for 93% of PCa but only 53% of PDC tumors; we therefore focused on PCa for additional IMC analyses. In PCa, p50-IMC matured into F4/80+ macrophages, as well as CD11b+F4/80−CD11c+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). In both tumor and draining lymph nodes, p50-IMC generated more macrophages and cDCs than WT-IMC. Activated tumor CD8+ T cells were increased fivefold by p50-IMC compared with WT-IMC, and antibody-mediated CD8+ T cell depletion obviated slower tumor growth induced by 5FU followed by p50-IMC. Conclusions 5FU followed by p50-IMC slows the growth of murine prostate and pancreatic carcinoma and depends on CD8+ T cell activation. Deletion of p50 in patient-derived marrow CD34+ cells and subsequent production of IMC for adoptive transfer may contribute to the therapy of these and additional cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Barakat
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theresa Barberi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jaffee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan D Friedman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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53
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Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2619-2664. [PMID: 34269817 PMCID: PMC8286839 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to restore homeostasis. It plays critical roles in the immune system, from acute inflammation to the development of secondary lymphoid organs, and also has roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given its role in such critical processes, NF-κB signalling must be subject to strict spatiotemporal control to ensure measured and context-specific cellular responses. Indeed, deregulation of NF-κB signalling can result in debilitating and even lethal inflammation and also underpins some forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit and ‘re-set’ inducible activation of NF-κB. We first describe the key components of the signalling pathways leading to activation of NF-κB, including the prominent role of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation, before briefly introducing the key features of feedback control mechanisms. We then describe the array of negative feedback loops targeting different components of the NF-κB signalling cascade including controls at the receptor level, post-receptor signalosome complexes, direct regulation of the critical ‘inhibitor of κB kinases’ (IKKs) and inhibitory feedforward regulation of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional responses. We also review post-transcriptional feedback controls affecting RNA stability and translation. Finally, we describe the deregulation of these feedback controls in human disease and consider how feedback may be a challenge to the efficacy of inhibitors.
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54
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Expression of NF-κB-p65 and α-SMA in the Study of Capsules formed by Surface Textured Implants Versus Foam Covered Silicone Implants in a Rat Model. World J Plast Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/wjps.10.3.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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55
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Liu L, Wu Y, Wang B, Jiang Y, Lin L, Li X, Yang S. DA-DRD5 signaling controls colitis by regulating colonic M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:500. [PMID: 34001860 PMCID: PMC8129081 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The decrease of neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) levels in the intestine is closely related to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the functional relevance and underlying mechanistic basis of the effects of DA signaling on IBD remains unclear. Here, we observed that the DRD5 receptor is highly expressed in colonic macrophages, and the deficiency of DA-DRD5 signaling exacerbated experimental colitis. Moreover, DA-DRD5 signaling can inhibit M1 by negatively regulating NF-κB signaling but promote M2 macrophage polarization through activation of the CREB pathway, respectively. The deficiency of DRD5 signaling increased colonic M1 macrophages but reduced M2 cells during colitis. Additionally, the administration of a D1-like agonist that has a higher affinity to DRD5 can attenuate the colitogenic phenotype of mice. Collectively, these findings provide the first demonstration of DA-DRD5 signaling in colonic macrophages controlling the development of colitis by regulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Bingwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immunological Environment and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Cui C, Barberi T, Suresh R, Friedman AD. Adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking NF-κB p50 (p50-IMC) impedes the growth of MHC-matched high-risk neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1783-1796. [PMID: 33480449 PMCID: PMC8253086 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐risk neuroblastomas harbor abundant myeloid cells that suppress antitumor immunity and support tumor growth. Macrophages lacking the inhibitory NF‐κB p50 subunit adopt a pro‐inflammatory phenotype. We now report that murine 9464D neuroblastoma cells, which express high levels of exogenous MYCN, grow slower in syngeneic p50(f/f);Lys‐Cre mice that lack p50 in macrophages and neutrophils, compared with p50(f/f) littermates. Tumors in p50(f/f);Lys‐Cre mice possess increased numbers of total and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and depletion of both of these T‐cell populations accelerates tumor growth. Anti‐PD‐1 T‐cell checkpoint blockade, or DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibition, further slows tumor growth. In addition, adoptive transfer of immature myeloid cells lacking NF‐κB p50 (p50‐IMC), generated either from the bone marrow of p50−/− mice or via nucleofection of a p50 sgRNA:Cas9 complex into wild‐type hematopoietic progenitors, also slowed growth of MHC‐matched 9464D tumors but not of MHC‐mismatched Neuro2A tumors. These findings further validate the utility of targeting myeloid NF‐κB p50 as a strategy for cancer therapy and demonstrate activity of p50‐IMC generated by gene editing of syngeneic marrow cells, a cell product relevant to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Theresa Barberi
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Suresh
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan D Friedman
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Heme catabolism by tumor-associated macrophages controls metastasis formation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:595-606. [PMID: 33903766 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathological significance of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) heterogeneity is still poorly understood, TAM reprogramming is viewed as a promising anticancer therapy. Here we show that a distinct subset of TAMs (F4/80hiCD115hiC3aRhiCD88hi), endowed with high rates of heme catabolism by the stress-responsive enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), plays a critical role in shaping a prometastatic tumor microenvironment favoring immunosuppression, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This population originates from F4/80+HO-1+ bone marrow (BM) precursors, accumulates in the blood of tumor bearers and preferentially localizes at the invasive margin through a mechanism dependent on the activation of Nrf2 and coordinated by the NF-κB1-CSF1R-C3aR axis. Inhibition of F4/80+HO-1+ TAM recruitment or myeloid-specific deletion of HO-1 blocks metastasis formation and improves anticancer immunotherapy. Relative expression of HO-1 in peripheral monocyte subsets, as well as in tumor lesions, discriminates survival among metastatic melanoma patients. Overall, these results identify a distinct cancer-induced HO-1+ myeloid subgroup as a new antimetastatic target and prognostic blood marker.
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Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in the Spatial and Temporal Expansion of Tumor-Immune Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073374. [PMID: 33806053 PMCID: PMC8036938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as trafficking vehicles and intercellular communication tools. Their cargo molecules directly reflect characteristics of their parental cell. This includes information on cell identity and specific cellular conditions, ranging from normal to pathological states. In cancer, the content of EVs derived from tumor cells is altered and can induce oncogenic reprogramming of target cells. As a result, tumor-derived EVs compromise antitumor immunity and promote cancer progression and spreading. However, this pro-oncogenic phenotype is constantly being challenged by EVs derived from the local tumor microenvironment and from remote sources. Here, we summarize the role of EVs in the tumor–immune cross-talk that includes, but is not limited to, immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the potential of remotely released EVs from the microbiome and during physical activity to shape the tumor–immune cross-talk, directly or indirectly, and confer antitumor activity. We further discuss the role of proinflammatory EVs in the temporal development of the tumor–immune interactions and their potential use for cancer diagnostics.
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How Macrophages Become Transcriptionally Dysregulated: A Hidden Impact of Antitumor Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052662. [PMID: 33800829 PMCID: PMC7961970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the essential components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs originate from blood monocytes and undergo pro- or anti-inflammatory polarization during their life span within the tumor. The balance between macrophage functional populations and the efficacy of their antitumor activities rely on the transcription factors such as STAT1, NF-κB, IRF, and others. These molecular tools are of primary importance, as they contribute to the tumor adaptations and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and can become important biomarkers for theranostics. Herein, we describe the major transcriptional mechanisms specific for TAM, as well as how radio- and chemotherapy can impact gene transcription and functionality of macrophages, and what are the consequences of the TAM-tumor cooperation.
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60
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Bögels M, Braster R, Nijland PG, Gül N, van de Luijtgaarden W, Fijneman RJA, Meijer GA, Jimenez CR, Beelen RHJ, van Egmond M. Carcinoma origin dictates differential skewing of monocyte function. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:798-809. [PMID: 23162747 PMCID: PMC3489735 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile cells, which phenotype is profoundly influenced by their environment. Pro-inflammatory classically activated or M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory alternatively-activated or M2 macrophages represent two extremes of a continuum of functional states. Consequently, macrophages that are present in tumors can exert tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing activity, depending on the tumor milieu. In this study we investigated how human monocytes-the precursors of macrophages-are influenced by carcinoma cells of different origin. We demonstrate that monocytes, stimulated with breast cancer supernatant, showed increased expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-8 and chemokines CCL17 and CCL22, which are associated with an alternatively-activated phenotype. By contrast, monocytes that were cultured in supernatants of colon cancer cells produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12 and TNFα) and reactive oxygen species. Secretome analysis revealed differential secretion of proteins by colon and breast cancer cell lines, of which the proteoglycan versican was exclusively secreted by colon carcinoma cell lines. Reducing active versican by blocking with monoclonal antibodies or shRNA diminished pro-inflammatory cytokine production by monocytes. Thus, colon carcinoma cells polarize monocytes toward a more classically-activated anti-tumorigenic phenotype, whereas breast carcinomas predispose monocytes toward an alternatively activated phenotype. Interestingly, presence of macrophages in breast or colon carcinomas correlates with poor or good prognosis in patients, respectively. The observed discrepancy in macrophage activation by either colon or breast carcinoma cells may therefore explain the dichotomy between patient prognosis and macrophage presence in these different tumors. Designing new therapies, directing development of monocytes toward M1 activated tumor macrophages in cancer patients, may have great clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Bögels
- Department of Surgery; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology; VU University Medical Center; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lalle G, Twardowski J, Grinberg-Bleyer Y. NF-κB in Cancer Immunity: Friend or Foe? Cells 2021; 10:355. [PMID: 33572260 PMCID: PMC7914614 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapies has definitely proven the tight relationship between malignant and immune cells, its impact on cancer outcome and its therapeutic potential. In this context, it is undoubtedly critical to decipher the transcriptional regulation of these complex interactions. Following early observations demonstrating the roles of NF-κB in cancer initiation and progression, a series of studies converge to establish NF-κB as a master regulator of immune responses to cancer. Importantly, NF-κB is a family of transcriptional activators and repressors that can act at different stages of cancer immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the selective cell-intrinsic contributions of NF-κB to the distinct cell types that compose the tumor immune environment. We also propose a new view of NF-κB targeting drugs as a new class of immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (G.L.); (J.T.)
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Xu L, Xie X, Luo Y. The role of macrophage in regulating tumour microenvironment and the strategies for reprogramming tumour-associated macrophages in antitumour therapy. Eur J Cell Biol 2021; 100:151153. [PMID: 33476912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2021.151153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) that present abundantly in the tumour microenvironment (TME) exhibit a protumour property, such as promoting genetic instability, tumour metastasis and immunosuppression. Macrophage-targeted therapeutic approaches hence have been applied and shown their significances in the process of tumour immune treatment, including blocking TAM recruitment, depleting or transforming TAMs that already exist in the tumour site. Here, we summarized the functional regulation of TAMs in the respects of hypoxia environment, metabolism in the tumour microenvironment and the transcription factors involved. We reviewed the strategies for transforming TAMs, including immune stimuli targeting TAMs, inhibitors against TAMs, pathogen or irradiation stimulation on TAMs, and the application of natural compounds in TAMs. Furthermore, we also discussed the macrophage-targeted therapies in the clinical studies. Taken together, this review tries to shed light on the TAM regulation and the main strategies of TAM reprogramming for an enhanced immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ying Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory & Drug Development on Common Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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63
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Liu X, Xu Y, Li Y, Pan Y, Zhao S, Hou Y. Ferumoxytol-β-glucan Inhibits Melanoma Growth via Interacting with Dectin-1 to Polarize Macrophages into M1 Phenotype. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3125-3139. [PMID: 34400883 PMCID: PMC8364471 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regulating the polarization of macrophages to antitumor M1 macrophages is a promising strategy for overcoming the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Ferumoxytol (FMT) can not only serve as a drug deliver agent but also exerts anti-tumor activity. β-glucan has immuno-modulating properties to prevent tumor growth. Thus, a nanocomposite of FMT surface-coated with β-glucan (FMT-β-glucan) was prepared to explore its effect on tumor suppression. Methods: Male B16F10 melanoma mouse model was established to explore the antitumor effect of FMT-β-glucan. The viability and apoptotic rates of B16F10 cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 and Annexin-V/PI experiments. The levels of M1 markers were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Phagocytic activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages were evaluated by the neutral red uptake assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection was applied to knock down the Dectin-1 gene in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: FMT-β-glucan suppressed tumor growth to a greater extent and induced higher infiltration of M1 macrophages than the combination of FMT and β-glucan (FMT+β-glucan) in vivo. In vitro, supernatant from FMT-β-glucan-treated RAW 264.7 cells led to lower cell viability and induced more apoptosis of B16F10 cells than that from the FMT+β-glucan group. Moreover, FMT-β-glucan boosted the expression of M1 type markers, and increased phagocytic activity and ROS in RAW 264.7 cells. Further research indicated that FMT-β-glucan treatment promoted the level of Dectin-1 on the surface of RAW 264.7 cells and that knockdown of Dectin-1 abrogated the phosphorylation levels of several components in MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Conclusion: The nanocomposite FMT-β-glucan suppressed melanoma growth by inducing the M1 macrophage-activated tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yujun Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yayi Hou, The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. Tel.: +86-25-8968-8441; Fax: +86-25-8968-8441. E-mail: ; Shuli Zhao, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China. E-mail:
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Yayi Hou, The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China. Tel.: +86-25-8968-8441; Fax: +86-25-8968-8441. E-mail: ; Shuli Zhao, General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China. E-mail:
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Deng L, He K, Pan Y, Wang H, Luo Y, Xia Q. The role of tumor-associated macrophages in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and its related targeting therapy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2109-2116. [PMID: 33859517 PMCID: PMC8040428 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver macrophages consist of ontogenically distinct populations termed Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) inhepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) play a prominent role in tumormicroenvironment by presenting M1(induced by IFN γ along with LPS) and M2(induced by IL-4 and IL13) polarization. Although TAMs are involved in tumor immune surveillance during the course of HCC, they contribute to tumour progression at different levels by inhibiting the anti-tumor immune response, promoting the generation of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and supporting the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. In this paper, the multiple functions of TAMs in HCC were reviewed to provide assistance for future researches about therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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65
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Antonangeli F, Natalini A, Garassino MC, Sica A, Santoni A, Di Rosa F. Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by NF-κB in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584626. [PMID: 33324403 PMCID: PMC7724774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are inhibitory receptor/ligand pairs regulating immunity that are exploited as key targets of anti-cancer therapy. Although the PD-1/PD-L1 pair is one of the most studied immune checkpoints, several aspects of its biology remain to be clarified. It has been established that PD-1 is an inhibitory receptor up-regulated by activated T, B, and NK lymphocytes and that its ligand PD-L1 mediates a negative feedback of lymphocyte activation, contributing to the restoration of the steady state condition after acute immune responses. This loop might become detrimental in the presence of either a chronic infection or a growing tumor. PD-L1 expression in tumors is currently used as a biomarker to orient therapeutic decisions; nevertheless, our knowledge about the regulation of PD-L1 expression is limited. The present review discusses how NF-κB, a master transcription factor of inflammation and immunity, is emerging as a key positive regulator of PD-L1 expression in cancer. NF-κB directly induces PD-L1 gene transcription by binding to its promoter, and it can also regulate PD-L1 post-transcriptionally through indirect pathways. These processes, which under conditions of cellular stress and acute inflammation drive tissue homeostasis and promote tissue healing, are largely dysregulated in tumors. Up-regulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells is controlled via NF-κB downstream of several signals, including oncogene- and stress-induced pathways, inflammatory cytokines, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Notably, a shared signaling pathway in epithelial cancers induces both PD-L1 expression and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, suggesting that PD-L1 is part of the tissue remodeling program. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression by tumor infiltrating myeloid cells can contribute to the immune suppressive features of the tumor environment. A better understanding of the interplay between NF-κB signaling and PD-L1 expression is highly relevant to cancer biology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Chiara Garassino
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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66
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Frank AS, Larripa K, Ryu H, Snodgrass RG, Röblitz S. Bifurcation and sensitivity analysis reveal key drivers of multistability in a model of macrophage polarization. J Theor Biol 2020; 509:110511. [PMID: 33045246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present and analyze a mathematical model for polarization of a single macrophage which, despite its simplicity, exhibits complex dynamics in terms of multistability. In particular, we demonstrate that an asymmetry in the regulatory mechanisms and parameter values is important for observing multiple phenotypes. Bifurcation and sensitivity analyses show that external signaling cues are necessary for macrophage commitment and emergence to a phenotype, but that the intrinsic macrophage pathways are equally important. Based on our numerical results, we formulate hypotheses that could be further investigated by laboratory experiments to deepen our understanding of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Frank
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kamila Larripa
- Department of Mathematics, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA.
| | - Hwayeon Ryu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA.
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Susanna Röblitz
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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67
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Increased canonical NF-kappaB signaling specifically in macrophages is sufficient to limit tumor progression in syngeneic murine models of ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:970. [PMID: 33028251 PMCID: PMC7542116 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New treatment options for ovarian cancer are urgently required. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an attractive target for therapy; repolarizing TAMs from M2 (pro-tumor) to M1 (anti-tumor) phenotypes represents an important therapeutic goal. We have previously shown that upregulated NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages promotes M1 polarization, but effects in the context of ovarian cancer are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of increasing macrophage NF-κB activity in immunocompetent mouse models of ovarian cancer. METHODS We have generated a transgenic mouse model, termed IKFM, which allows doxycycline-inducible overexpression of a constitutively active form of IKK2 (cIKK2) specifically within macrophages. The IKFM model was used to evaluate effects of increasing macrophage NF-κB activity in syngeneic murine TBR5 and ID8-Luc models of ovarian cancer in two temporal windows: 1) in established tumors, and 2) during tumor implantation and early tumor growth. Tumor weight, ascites volume, ascites supernatant and cells, and solid tumor were collected at sacrifice. Populations of macrophages and T cells within solid tumor and/or ascites were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and qPCR, and soluble factors in ascitic fluid were analyzed by ELISA. Comparisons of control versus IKFM groups were performed by 2-tailed Mann-Whitney test, and a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Increased expression of the cIKK2 transgene in TAMs from IKFM mice was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Tumors from IKFM mice, regardless of the timing of doxycycline (dox) administration, demonstrated greater necrosis and immune infiltration than control tumors. Analysis of IKFM ascites and tumors showed sustained shifts in macrophage populations away from the M2 and towards the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. There were also increased tumor-infiltrating CD3+/CD8+ T cells in IKFM mice, accompanied by higher levels of CXCL9, a T cell activating factor secreted by macrophages, in IKFM ascitic fluid. CONCLUSIONS In syngeneic ovarian cancer models, increased canonical NF-κB signaling in macrophages promoted anti-tumor TAM phenotypes and increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration, which was sufficient to limit tumor progression. This may present a novel translational approach for ovarian cancer treatment, with the potential to increase responses to T cell-directed therapy in future studies.
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68
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The Macrophages-Microbiota Interplay in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Related Inflammation: Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186866. [PMID: 32962159 PMCID: PMC7558485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main population of myeloid cells infiltrating solid tumors and the pivotal orchestrators of cancer-promoting inflammation. However, due to their exceptional plasticity, macrophages can be also key effector cells and powerful activators of adaptive anti-tumor immunity. This functional heterogeneity is emerging in human tumors, colorectal cancer (CRC) in particular, where the dynamic co-existence of different macrophage subtypes influences tumor development, outcome, and response to therapies. Intestinal macrophages are in close interaction with enteric microbiota, which contributes to carcinogenesis and affects treatment outcomes. This interplay may be particularly relevant in CRC, one of the most prevalent and lethal cancer types in the world. Therefore, both macrophages and intestinal microbiota are considered promising prognostic indicators and valuable targets for new therapeutic approaches. Here, we discuss the current understanding of the molecular circuits underlying the interplay between macrophages and microbiota in CRC development, progression, and response to both conventional therapies and immunotherapies.
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69
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Liu M, Silva-Sanchez A, Randall TD, Meza-Perez S. Specialized immune responses in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:717-729. [PMID: 32881077 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mir0720-271rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peritoneal cavity is a fluid filled space that holds most of the abdominal organs, including the omentum, a visceral adipose tissue that contains milky spots or clusters of leukocytes that are organized similar to those in conventional lymphoid tissues. A unique assortment of leukocytes patrol the peritoneal cavity and migrate in and out of the milky spots, where they encounter Ags or pathogens from the peritoneal fluid and respond accordingly. The principal role of leukocytes in the peritoneal cavity is to preserve tissue homeostasis and secure tissue repair. However, when peritoneal homeostasis is disturbed by inflammation, infection, obesity, or tumor metastasis, specialized fibroblastic stromal cells and mesothelial cells in the omentum regulate the recruitment of peritoneal leukocytes and steer their activation in unique ways. In this review, the types of cells that reside in the peritoneal cavity, the role of the omentum in their maintenance and activation, and how these processes function in response to pathogens and malignancy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aaron Silva-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Childhood maltreatment and monocyte gene expression among women with breast cancer. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:396-402. [PMID: 32247915 PMCID: PMC8667713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity is reliably associated with immune alterations in adulthood, including increases in inflammatory processes. However, relatively few studies have investigated these associations in clinical populations such as cancer patients who are at risk for negative immune-related health outcomes. The current study tested the hypothesis that childhood maltreatment would be associated with alterations in immune-related gene expression in monocytes from women with breast cancer. METHODS Women (n = 86) were recruited after diagnosis with early-stage breast cancer but before onset of adjuvant therapy with radiation, chemotherapy, and/or endocrine therapy. Participants completed questionnaires to assess childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D) and provided blood samples for immune assessment. CD14+ monocytes were isolated for RNA extraction and gene expression analyses. RESULTS Based on responses to the CTQ, 28% of participants were classified as experiencing physical and/or emotional abuse or neglect and 7% as experiencing sexual abuse. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of isolated monocytes identified 202 gene transcripts that differed in average expression level by > 25% over the range of maltreatment exposure. Bioinformatics analyses of those gene transcripts identified a significantly greater prevalence of NF-κB-binding motifs within the promoters of up-regulated vs. down-regulated genes (p = .028) in women exposed to childhood maltreatment, indicating greater inflammatory signaling. Parallel analyses of Type I interferon signaling also indicated greater prevalence of Interferon Response Factor (IRF)-related binding sites in women with a childhood maltreatment history (p = .020). Results remained significant in analyses controlling for current depression; however, NF-κB and IRF-related gene expression was higher in women with both maltreatment exposure and current depression. CONCLUSIONS In women recently diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer, childhood maltreatment was associated with increases in the classical NF-kB-related pro-inflammatory signaling pathway and with increases in the Type I interferon system. These results suggest a broad pattern of chronic immunologic activation in breast cancer patients with a history of childhood maltreatment, particularly those who are currently experiencing clinically significant depressive symptoms. These findings have implications for the long-term health and well-being of maltreatment exposed breast cancer patients.
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71
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Hudson QJ, Ashjaei K, Perricos A, Kuessel L, Husslein H, Wenzl R, Yotova I. Endometriosis Patients Show an Increased M2 Response in the Peritoneal CD14 +low/CD68 +low Macrophage Subpopulation Coupled with an Increase in the T-helper 2 and T-regulatory Cells. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1920-1931. [PMID: 32572831 PMCID: PMC7452931 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with an impaired immune response at the site of lesion implantation. The ability of macrophages to respond to changes in their environment is critical for an effective immune response. However, the existing knowledge of the peritoneal immune cell populations, their activation state and contribution to the immunological changes that occur in endometriosis are still controversial and inconclusive. In this study, we have examined the relative abundance of peritoneal macrophage subtypes, in women with (n = 21) versus without (n = 18) endometriosis and disease-associated changes in the adaptive T cell response. Using flow cytometry, we showed that peritoneal fluid monocyte/macrophages are composed of two populations of cells that exhibit major differences in the levels of the CD14 and CD68 markers, which we classified as the CD14+low/CD68+low and CD14+high/CD68+high subpopulations. Moreover, endometriosis-associated changes in the macrophage subtypes occurred only in the CD14+low/CD68+low subpopulation. In this subpopulation, we found an increased macrophage type 2 response that was coupled with an increase in peritoneal T-helper 2 and T-regulatory cell populations in women with endometriosis, compared with controls. In summary, this study resolves conflicting data in the literature regarding changes in the peritoneal immune cell population in endometriosis and identifies CD14+low/CD68+low macrophages as the subpopulation that changes in response to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanah J. Hudson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kazem Ashjaei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Perricos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Kuessel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Wenzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iveta Yotova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Tumor-induced neurogenesis and immune evasion as targets of innovative anti-cancer therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:99. [PMID: 32555170 PMCID: PMC7303203 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cells are hijacked by cancer cells forming together heterogeneous tumor masses immersed in aberrant communication circuits that facilitate tumor growth and dissemination. Besides the well characterized angiogenic effect of some tumor-derived factors; others, such as BDNF, recruit peripheral nerves and leukocytes. The neurogenic switch, activated by tumor-derived neurotrophins and extracellular vesicles, attracts adjacent peripheral fibers (autonomic/sensorial) and neural progenitor cells. Strikingly, tumor-associated nerve fibers can guide cancer cell dissemination. Moreover, IL-1β, CCL2, PGE2, among other chemotactic factors, attract natural immunosuppressive cells, including T regulatory (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and M2 macrophages, to the tumor microenvironment. These leukocytes further exacerbate the aberrant communication circuit releasing factors with neurogenic effect. Furthermore, cancer cells directly evade immune surveillance and the antitumoral actions of natural killer cells by activating immunosuppressive mechanisms elicited by heterophilic complexes, joining cancer and immune cells, formed by PD-L1/PD1 and CD80/CTLA-4 plasma membrane proteins. Altogether, nervous and immune cells, together with fibroblasts, endothelial, and bone-marrow-derived cells, promote tumor growth and enhance the metastatic properties of cancer cells. Inspired by the demonstrated, but restricted, power of anti-angiogenic and immune cell-based therapies, preclinical studies are focusing on strategies aimed to inhibit tumor-induced neurogenesis. Here we discuss the potential of anti-neurogenesis and, considering the interplay between nervous and immune systems, we also focus on anti-immunosuppression-based therapies. Small molecules, antibodies and immune cells are being considered as therapeutic agents, aimed to prevent cancer cell communication with neurons and leukocytes, targeting chemotactic and neurotransmitter signaling pathways linked to perineural invasion and metastasis.
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73
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Hypomethylation of IL1RN and NFKB1 genes is linked to the dysbalance in IL1β/IL-1Ra axis in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233737. [PMID: 32470060 PMCID: PMC7259508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has received considerable attention in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Supporting this concept, enhanced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and increased infiltration of macrophages are observed in pancreatic islets of patients with T2DM. Although IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) plays a major role in controlling of IL-1β-mediated inflammation, its counteraction effects and epigenetic alterations in T2DM are less studied. Thus, we aimed to analyze the DNA methylation status in IL1RN, RELA (p65) and NFKB1 (p50) genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treated T2DM patients (n = 35) and age-/sex- matched healthy controls (n = 31). Production of IL-1β and IL-1Ra was analyzed in plasma and supernatants from LPS-induced PBMCs. Immunomodulatory effects of IL-1β and IL-1Ra were studied on THP-1 cells. Average DNA methylation level of IL1RN and NFKB1 gene promoters was significantly decreased in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls (P< 0.05), which was associated with the increased IL-1Ra (P< 0.001) and IL-1β (P = 0.039) plasma levels in T2DM patients. Negative association between average methylation of IL1RN gene and IL-1Ra plasma levels were observed in female T2DM patients. Methylation of NFKB1 gene was negatively correlated with IL-1Ra levels in the patients and positively with IL-1β levels in female patients. LPS-stimulated PBMCs from female patients failed to raise IL-1β production, while the cells from healthy females increased IL-1β production in comparison with unstimulated cells (P< 0.001). Taken together, the findings suggest that hypomethylation of IL1RN and NFKB1 gene promoters may promote the increased IL-1β/IL-1Ra production and regulate chronic inflammation in T2DM. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the causal direction of these associations and potential role of IL-1Ra in anti-inflammatory processes in treated patients with T2DM.
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74
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Li CL, Zhou WJ, Ji G, Zhang L. Natural products that target macrophages in treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:2155-2165. [PMID: 32476782 PMCID: PMC7235205 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i18.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive subtype of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and potentiates risks for both hepatic and metabolic diseases. Although the pathophysiology of NASH is not completely understood, recent studies have revealed that macrophage activation is a major contributing factor for the disease progression. Macrophages integrate the immune response and metabolic process and have become promising targets for NASH therapy. Natural products are potential candidates for NASH treatment and have multifactorial underlying mechanisms. Macrophage involvement in the development of steatosis and inflammation in NASH has been widely investigated. In this review, we assess the evidence for natural products or their active ingredients in the modulation of macrophage activation, recruitment, and polarization, as well as the metabolic status of macrophages. Our work may highlight the possible natural products that target macrophages as potential treatment options for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Porta C, Consonni FM, Morlacchi S, Sangaletti S, Bleve A, Totaro MG, Larghi P, Rimoldi M, Tripodo C, Strauss L, Banfi S, Storto M, Pressiani T, Rimassa L, Tartari S, Ippolito A, Doni A, Soldà G, Duga S, Piccolo V, Ostuni R, Natoli G, Bronte V, Balzac F, Turco E, Hirsch E, Colombo MP, Sica A. Tumor-Derived Prostaglandin E2 Promotes p50 NF-κB-Dependent Differentiation of Monocytic MDSCs. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2874-2888. [PMID: 32265223 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) include immature monocytic (M-MDSC) and granulocytic (PMN-MDSC) cells that share the ability to suppress adaptive immunity and to hinder the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. Of note, in response to IFNγ, M-MDSCs release the tumor-promoting and immunosuppressive molecule nitric oxide (NO), whereas macrophages largely express antitumor properties. Investigating these opposing activities, we found that tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces nuclear accumulation of p50 NF-κB in M-MDSCs, diverting their response to IFNγ toward NO-mediated immunosuppression and reducing TNFα expression. At the genome level, p50 NF-κB promoted binding of STAT1 to regulatory regions of selected IFNγ-dependent genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2). In agreement, ablation of p50 as well as pharmacologic inhibition of either the PGE2 receptor EP2 or NO production reprogrammed M-MDSCs toward a NOS2low/TNFαhigh phenotype, restoring the in vivo antitumor activity of IFNγ. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PGE2/p50/NO axis prevents MDSC-suppressive functions and restores the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor-derived PGE2-mediated induction of nuclear p50 NF-κB epigenetically reprograms the response of monocytic cells to IFNγ toward an immunosuppressive phenotype, thus retrieving the anticancer properties of IFNγ. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/13/2874/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD) Cso Trieste 15/A, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Sara Morlacchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Augusto Bleve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | | | - Paola Larghi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Rimoldi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Strauss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Banfi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Storto
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pressiani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tartari
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ippolito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Soldà
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Duga
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Piccolo
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Fiorella Balzac
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy. .,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Knights AJ, Yang L, Shah M, Norton LJ, Green GS, Stout ES, Vohralik EJ, Crossley M, Quinlan KGR. Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3) suppresses NF-κB-driven inflammation in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6080-6091. [PMID: 32213596 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides (or endotoxin) cause systemic inflammation, resulting in a substantial global health burden. The onset, progression, and resolution of the inflammatory response to endotoxin are usually tightly controlled to avoid chronic inflammation. Members of the NF-κB family of transcription factors are key drivers of inflammation that activate sets of genes in response to inflammatory signals. Such responses are typically short-lived and can be suppressed by proteins that act post-translationally, such as the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) family. Less is known about direct transcriptional regulation of these responses, however. Here, using a combination of in vitro approaches and in vivo animal models, we show that endotoxin treatment induced expression of the well-characterized transcriptional repressor Krüppel-like factor 3 (KLF3), which, in turn, directly repressed the expression of the NF-κB family member RELA/p65. We also observed that KLF3-deficient mice were hypersensitive to endotoxin and exhibited elevated levels of circulating Ly6C+ monocytes and macrophage-derived inflammatory cytokines. These findings reveal that KLF3 is a fundamental suppressor that operates as a feedback inhibitor of RELA/p65 and may be important in facilitating the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Knights
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Manan Shah
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Laura J Norton
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gamran S Green
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Stout
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Emily J Vohralik
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Merlin Crossley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kate G R Quinlan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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77
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Zhang L, Xu X, Su X. Noncoding RNAs in cancer immunity: functions, regulatory mechanisms, and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:48. [PMID: 32122338 PMCID: PMC7050126 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that immune system is deeply involved in cancer initiation and progression, and can exert both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects, depending on specific microenvironment. With the better understanding of cancer-associated immune cells, especially T cells, immunotherapy was developed and applied in multiple cancers and exhibits remarkable efficacy. However, currently only a subset of patients have responses to immunotherapy, suggesting that a boarder view of cancer immunity is required. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are identified as critical regulators in both cancer cells and immune cells, thus show great potential to serve as new therapeutic targets to improve the response of immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in cancer immunity, and highlight the potential of ncRNAs as novel targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, FL, 33612-9497, USA
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, 1 Tong Dao Street, Huimin District, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
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78
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He J, Yin P, Xu K. Effect and Molecular Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Tumor Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:907-919. [PMID: 32184560 PMCID: PMC7053810 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s223646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used as a significant cancer treatment method for many years in China. It has been demonstrated that TCM could assist in inhibiting the growth of tumors and prolonging the survival rates of cancer patients. Although the mechanism of TCM are still not clear, accumulating evidence has shown that they may be related to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a significant role in TME and are polarized to two phenotypes, M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) TAMs. The two different phenotypes of TAMs play converse roles in the TME and M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) always lead to poor prognosis in cancer patients compared to M1-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M1-TAMs). In this review, the potential correlation between TCM and TAMs (especially the M2 phenotype) in tumor progression and promising TCM strategies targeting TAMs in cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medicine University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medicine University, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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79
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Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Fotiou D, Terpos E. CCL3 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1231:13-21. [PMID: 32060842 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36667-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment, chemokines play a key role in immune cell trafficking regulation and immune landscape formulation. CCL3 or macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), an important chemokine implicated in both immune surveillance and tolerance, has emerged as a prognostic biomarker in both solid and hematological malignancies. CCL3 exerts both antitumor and pro-tumor behavior which is context dependent highlighting the complexity of the underlying interrelated signaling cascades. Current CCL3-directed therapeutic approaches are investigational and further optimization is required to increase efficacy and minimize adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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80
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Hörhold F, Eisel D, Oswald M, Kolte A, Röll D, Osen W, Eichmüller SB, König R. Reprogramming of macrophages employing gene regulatory and metabolic network models. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007657. [PMID: 32097424 PMCID: PMC7059956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon exposure to different stimuli, resting macrophages undergo classical or alternative polarization into distinct phenotypes that can cause fatal dysfunction in a large range of diseases, such as systemic infection leading to sepsis or the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Investigating gene regulatory and metabolic networks, we observed two metabolic switches during polarization. Most prominently, anaerobic glycolysis was utilized by M1-polarized macrophages, while the biosynthesis of inosine monophosphate was upregulated in M2-polarized macrophages. Moreover, we observed a switch in the urea cycle. Gene regulatory network models revealed E2F1, MYC, PPARγ and STAT6 to be the major players in the distinct signatures of these polarization events. Employing functional assays targeting these regulators, we observed the repolarization of M2-like cells into M1-like cells, as evidenced by their specific gene expression signatures and cytokine secretion profiles. The predicted regulators are essential to maintaining the M2-like phenotype and function and thus represent potential targets for the therapeutic reprogramming of immunosuppressive M2-like macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hörhold
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - David Eisel
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Oswald
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amol Kolte
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Röll
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B. Eichmüller
- Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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81
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Peng S, Jia J, Sun J, Xie Q, Zhang X, Deng Y, Yi L. LXW7 attenuates inflammation via suppressing Akt/nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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82
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Ponomarev AV, Shubina IZ. Insights Into Mechanisms of Tumor and Immune System Interaction: Association With Wound Healing. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1115. [PMID: 31709183 PMCID: PMC6823879 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have presented a great deal of information about tumor and immune system interaction. Nevertheless, the problem of tumor evasion from the immune reaction is still difficult to resolve. Understanding the ways in which immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment develops and maintains its potential is of utmost importance to ensure the best use of the suppressed immune functions. The study presents a review covering the data on tumor-associated antigens, mechanisms of tumor evasion from the immune reactions, and search for common immunosuppressive processes of tumor growth and normal wound healing. The study discusses the important role of monocytes/macrophages in the regulation of immune system reactions. We suggest that the simultaneous actions of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines may result in the suppression of the immune system. The study describes intracellular signaling molecules that take part in the regulation of the myeloid cell functions. If the hypothesis is proved correct, the indicated interaction of cytokines could be regarded as a prospective target for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Zh Shubina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
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83
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Othman N, Jamal R, Abu N. Cancer-Derived Exosomes as Effectors of Key Inflammation-Related Players. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2103. [PMID: 31555295 PMCID: PMC6737008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, a category of small lipid bilayer extracellular vesicles that are naturally secreted by many cells (both healthy and diseased), carry cargo made up of proteins, lipids, DNAs, and RNAs; all of which are functional when transferred to their recipient cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the powerful role that exosomes play in the mediation of cell-to-cell communication to induce a pro-tumoral environment to encourage tumor progression and survival. Recently, considerable interest has developed in regard to the role that exosomes play in immunity; with studies demonstrating the ability of exosomes to either metabolically alter immune players such as dendritic cells, T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on the function of exosomes in regulating a key process that has long been associated with the progression of cancer-inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norahayu Othman
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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84
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The Role of Circular RNA CDR1as/ciRS-7 in Regulating Tumor Microenvironment: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090429. [PMID: 31480381 PMCID: PMC6770779 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA CDR1as/ciRS-7 functions as an oncogenic regulator in various cancers. However, there has been a lack of systematic and comprehensive analysis to further elucidate its underlying role in cancer. In the current study, we firstly performed a bioinformatics analysis of CDR1as among 868 cancer samples by using RNA-seq datasets of the MiOncoCirc database. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), CIBERSORT, Estimating the Proportion of Immune and Cancer cells (EPIC), and the MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm were applied to investigate the underlying functions and pathways. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that CDR1as has roles associated with angiogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, integrin binding, and collagen binding. Moreover, pathway analysis indicated that it may regulate the TGF-β signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction. Therefore, we used CIBERSORT, EPIC, and the ESTIMATE algorithm to investigate the association between CDR1as expression and the tumor microenvironment. Our data strongly suggest that CDR1as may play a specific role in immune and stromal cell infiltration in tumor tissue, especially those of CD8+ T cells, activated NK cells, M2 macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and endothelial cells. Generally, systematic and comprehensive analyses of CDR1as were conducted to shed light on its underlying pro-cancerous mechanism. CDR1as regulates the TGF-β signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction to serve as a mediator in alteration of the tumor microenvironment.
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85
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Wang T, Zhang J, Hou T, Yin X, Zhang N. Selective targeting of tumor cells and tumor associated macrophages separately by twin-like core-shell nanoparticles for enhanced tumor-localized chemoimmunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13934-13946. [PMID: 31305839 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03374b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophage (TAM)-based immunotherapy has been presented as a promising strategy in cancer therapy. The combination of TAM-based immunotherapy with sorafenib (SF) could be conceivably quite more effective in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. A co-delivery system was superior in improving the co-accumulation of two drugs in tumor tissues for chemoimmunotherapy, while in the case of selective targeting of separated cells such as tumor cells and immune cells, a novel targeted co-delivery strategy was badly required. In this study, twin-like core-shell nanoparticles (TCN) were developed for synchronous biodistribution and separated cell targeting delivery of SF and TAM re-polarization agents IMD-0354 to cancer cells and TAM to enhance tumor-localized chemoimmunotherapy, respectively. First of all, SF loaded cationic lipid-based nanoparticles (SF-CLN) and mannose-modified IMD-0354 loaded cationic lipid-based nanoparticles (M-IMD-CLN) were prepared, respectively. SF on the surface of SF-CLN and mannose on the M-IMD-CLN were regarded as targeting ligands for selective targeting delivery of SF-CLN and M-IMD-CLN to cancer cells and TAM separately. Then, pH-responsive charge reversal polymer O-carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMCS) was coated on the SF-CLN and M-IMD-CLN to obtain twin-like CMCS/SF-CLN and CMCS/M-IMD-CLN, respectively. The results of cellular uptake assay on Hepa1-6 cells and RAW 264.7 cells in vitro, respectively, as well as the results of tumor tissue distribution of SF and IMD-0354 in vivo suggested that CMCS/SF-CLN and CMCS/M-IMD-CLN exhibited similar properties in vitro and synchronous biodistribution in vivo, and were efficient at separated cell targeting delivery. What's more, the results of antitumor efficiency in vivo and phenotype analysis of TAM in tumor tissues proved that CMCS/SF-CLN and CMCS/M-IMD-CLN exhibited superior synergistic antitumor efficacy and M2-type TAM polarization ability compared with SF treatment in Hepa1-6 tumor bearing mice. Consequently, TCN which was the combination of co-administration and nano-drug delivery systems has great potential to be used in tumor-localized chemoimmunotherapy in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Teng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolan Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, People's Republic of China.
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86
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Sangaletti S, Talarico G, Chiodoni C, Cappetti B, Botti L, Portararo P, Gulino A, Consonni FM, Sica A, Randon G, Di Nicola M, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. SPARC Is a New Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Marker Licensing Suppressive Activities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1369. [PMID: 31281314 PMCID: PMC6596449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are well-known key negative regulators of the immune response during tumor growth, however scattered is the knowledge of their capacity to influence and adapt to the different tumor microenvironments and of the markers that identify those capacities. Here we show that the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) identifies in both human and mouse MDSC with immune suppressive capacity and pro-tumoral activities including the induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. In mice the genetic deletion of SPARC reduced MDSC immune suppression and reverted EMT. Sparc−/− MDSC were less suppressive overall and the granulocytic fraction was more prone to extrude neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Surprisingly, arginase-I and NOS2, whose expression can be controlled by STAT3, were not down-regulated in Sparc−/− MDSC, although less suppressive than wild type (WT) counterpart. Flow cytometry analysis showed equal phosphorylation of STAT3 but reduced ROS production that was associated with reduced nuclear translocation of the NF-kB p50 subunit in Sparc−/− than WT MDSC. The limited p50 in nuclei reduce the formation of the immunosuppressive p50:p50 homodimers in favor of the p65:p50 inflammatory heterodimers. Supporting this hypothesis, the production of TNF by Sparc−/− MDSC was significantly higher than by WT MDSC. Although associated with tumor-induced chronic inflammation, TNF, if produced at high doses, becomes a key factor in mediating tumor rejection. Therefore, it is foreseeable that an unbalance in TNF production could skew MDSC toward an inflammatory, anti-tumor phenotype. Notably, TNF is also required for inflammation-driven NETosis. The high level of TNF in Sparc−/− MDSC might explain their increased spontaneous NET formation as that we detected both in vitro and in vivo, in association with signs of endothelial damage. We propose SPARC as a new potential marker of MDSC, in both human and mouse, with the additional feature of controlling MDSC suppressive activity while preventing an excessive inflammatory state through the control of NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cappetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Portararo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Sica
- Department of Inflammation and Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Nicola
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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87
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Tan AHY, Tu W, McCuaig R, Hardy K, Donovan T, Tsimbalyuk S, Forwood JK, Rao S. Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylase 1A Regulates Macrophage Polarization and Checkpoint Molecules in the Tumor Microenvironment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1351. [PMID: 31249575 PMCID: PMC6582666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we show that classical (M1) macrophage polarization reduced expression of LSD1, nuclear REST corepressor 1 (CoREST), and the zinc finger protein SNAIL. The LSD1 inhibitor phenelzine targeted both the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and CoREST binding domains of LSD1, unlike the LSD1 inhibitor GSK2879552, which only targeted the FAD domain. Phenelzine treatment reduced nuclear demethylase activity and increased transcription and expression of M1-like signatures both in vitro and in a murine triple-negative breast cancer model. Overall, the LSD1 inhibitors phenelzine and GSK2879552 are useful tools for dissecting the contribution of LSD1 demethylase activity and the nuclear LSD1-CoREST complex to switching macrophage polarization programs. These findings suggest that inhibitors must have dual FAD and CoREST targeting abilities to successfully initiate or prime macrophages toward an anti-tumor M1-like phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel H Y Tan
- Epigenetics and Transcription Laboratory Melanie Swan Memorial Translational Centre, Sci-Tech, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - WenJuan Tu
- Epigenetics and Transcription Laboratory Melanie Swan Memorial Translational Centre, Sci-Tech, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert McCuaig
- Epigenetics and Transcription Laboratory Melanie Swan Memorial Translational Centre, Sci-Tech, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristine Hardy
- Epigenetics and Transcription Laboratory Melanie Swan Memorial Translational Centre, Sci-Tech, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Thomasina Donovan
- Epigenetics and Transcription Laboratory Melanie Swan Memorial Translational Centre, Sci-Tech, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sofiya Tsimbalyuk
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Epigenetics and Transcription Laboratory Melanie Swan Memorial Translational Centre, Sci-Tech, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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88
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Salmaninejad A, Valilou SF, Soltani A, Ahmadi S, Abarghan YJ, Rosengren RJ, Sahebkar A. Tumor-associated macrophages: role in cancer development and therapeutic implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:591-608. [PMID: 31144271 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to play important roles in the initiation and progression of human cancers, as well as in angiogenesis. TAMs are considered as main components of the tumor microenvironment. Targeting TAMs may serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. In this review, the signaling pathways, origin, function, polarization and clinical application of TAMs are discussed. The role of TAMs in tumor initiation, progression, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis are also emphasized. In addition, a variety of clinical and pre-clinical approaches to target TAMs are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Clinical therapeutic approaches that show most promise include blocking the extravasation of TAMs along with using TAMs as diagnostic biomarkers for cancer progression. The targeting of TAMs in a variety of clinical settings appears to be a promising strategy for decreasing metastasis formation and for improving patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Farajzadeh Valilou
- Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Jafari Abarghan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. box: 91779-48564, Mashhad, Iran.
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89
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Zhu MY, Liu WJ, Wang H, Wang WD, Liu NW, Lu Y. NSE from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells regulates macrophage polarization. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4577-4595. [PMID: 31191019 PMCID: PMC6529732 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s203010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aims: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly common type of malignant and heterogeneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Tumor-associated macrophages, specially the M2-type, promote tumor progression and drug resistance. The clinical outcome of patients with high neuron-specific enolase (NSE) expression is worse than that with low NSE expression. The tumor-promoting mechanism of NSE, however, remains unclear. This study explored the role of NSE in macrophage polarization associated with the immune microenvironment of DLBCL. Results: Our results showed that NSE protein expression was higher in lymphoma cell lines than in the B lymphocytes. Functional studies demonstrated that upregulation of NSE in lymphoma cells could promote M2 polarization and migration ability of macrophage, thereby consequently promoting the progression of lymphoma in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism studies revealed that lymphoma-derived exosomes could mediate NSE into macrophages, NSE enhanced nuclear p50 translocation with subsequent defective classical nuclear factor-κB activity in macrophages. Conclusions: These results indicate that NSE may be a potential target for lymphoma therapy and a prognosis marker for lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Na-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematological Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
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90
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A Role for NF-κB in Organ Specific Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050655. [PMID: 31083587 PMCID: PMC6563002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor initiation, invasiveness, metastasis, and recurrence in a broad range of human cancers. Although being a key player in cancer development and progression by stimulating proliferation and metastasis and preventing apoptosis, the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in cancer stem cells is still underestimated. In the present review, we will evaluate the role of NF-κB in CSCs of glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, as well as cancer of the bone. Next to summarizing current knowledge regarding the presence and contribution of CSCs to the respective types of cancer, we will emphasize NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways directly involved in maintaining characteristics of cancer stem cells associated to tumor progression. Here, we will also focus on the status of NF-κB-activity predominantly in CSC populations and the tumor mass. Genetic alterations leading to NF-κB activity in glioblastoma, ependymoma, and multiple myeloma will be discussed.
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91
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Zhang Q, Mao Z, Sun J. NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, suppresses M2 tumor-associated macrophage induced EMT potential via miR-30a/NF-κB/Snail signaling in bladder cancer cells. Gene 2019; 710:91-97. [PMID: 31002892 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to play a key role in initiating tumorigenesis and facilitating malignant progression. Primary tumors surrounded with and infiltrated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and distant metastasis in urothelial bladder cancer. METHODS In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of targeting TAMs for the treatment of malignant bladder cancer. RESULTS First, we found a higher number of TAMs, CD68 (pan-macrophage marker), and clever-1 (M2 macrophage marker) was associated with a higher pT category and grade in a cohort of 108 patients. In vitro assays showed that the co-culture of TAMs promoted the metastatic potential in HTB-1 and T24 by up-regulating EMT markers including Snail, VEGF and Vimentin, as well as oncogenic markers such as β-catenin and NF-κB. More importantly, M2 co-cultured HTB-1 and T24 showed an increased level of metastatic microRNA, miR-30. Silencing of miR-30 resulted in the reduced metastatic potential, migration/invasion, in association with the decreased expression of Twist1 and Vimentin. The addition of BAY11-7082 into the TAM/cancer co-culture system significantly reduced the M2 phenotype and tumorigenic properties. Coincidentally, miR-30a level was significantly lowered in the presence of BAY11-7082. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that AMs promoted metastatic potential of bladder cancer cells via promoting EMT through the increase of miR-30a. BAY11-7082 treatment suppressed both oncogenic and metastatic potential in bladder cancer cells while preventing the M2 polarization of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zujie Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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92
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Zhou B, Yang Y, Li C. SIRT1 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by promoting M1 macrophage polarization via NF-κB pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2519-2529. [PMID: 31040695 PMCID: PMC6452816 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) serve as crucial modulators of the complicated interaction between cancer cells and immune microenvironment. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has an impact on immune reactions in cancer progression. Current knowledge of the role of SIRT1 in the regulation of M1-like macrophages as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is insufficient. Methods SIRT1 expression in HCC tissues was detected using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. M1 markers were detected by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry assay. Moreover, the influence of SIRT1 on HCC cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion was studied using transwell assay, flow cytometry assay, and TUNEL assays, respectively. Results In this study, it was revealed that SIRT1 was upregulated in patients suffering from HCC; these patients were also shown to have elevated levels of M1-like TAM infiltration. SIRT1 was able to reinforce M1-like macrophage infiltration and inhibit HCC metastasis. Furthermore, SIRT1 enhanced NF-κB stimulation, promoting phosphorylation of p65, IκB, and IκB kinase. It was further demonstrated in our study that SIRT1 had an impact on polarization of M1 through the NF-κB pathway. NF-κB repression downregulated M1 markers in macrophages, which excessively expressed SIRT1 and counteracted the influence of SIRT1 on migration of HCC cells. Conclusion Taken together, these results offer proof that SIRT1 is an essential regulator of the immune reaction that counteracts malignant HCC cell migration as well as growth, indicating that macrophage SIRT1 could serve as an innovative target to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,
| | - Cuiping Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China,
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93
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Wang R, Liu Y, Liu L, Chen M, Wang X, Yang J, Gong Y, Ding BS, Wei Y, Wei X. Tumor cells induce LAMP2a expression in tumor-associated macrophage for cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:118-134. [PMID: 30711520 PMCID: PMC6413476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells benefit from tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promoting tumor growth and modulating functions of other cells in tumor microenvironment (TME). However, how tumor cells regulate the property of TAMs during tumor invasion remains to be defined. METHODS Mouse tumor models and cancer patients' samples were analyzed to determine LAMP2a expression in TAMs. In vitro mouse primary macrophages were used to assess LAMP2a-modulated macrophage activation, and to verify LAMP2a's target proteins. The effect of LAMP2a-knockdown on tumor progression and TME maintaining was determined by using mouse tumor models. FINDINGS Lysosome associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2a) is upregulated in TAMs by tumor cells and important for tumor progression. LAMP2a expression in TAMs, but not in tumor cells, is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. LAMP2a inactivation induced by either shRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 prevents TAMs activation and tumor growth. LAMP2a degrades PRDX1 (peroxiredoxin 1) and CRTC1 (CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1) to promote macrophage pro-tumorigenic activation. INTERPRETATION Our study suggests that tumor cells utilize LAMP2a-PRDX1/CRTC1 axis to modulate TAMs activation and promote tumor growth, reveals the role of LAMP2a in macrophage study and TAM-targeting tumor immunotherapy. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81602492); National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0201402).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yantong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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94
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Rohani MG, Dimitrova E, Beppu A, Wang Y, Jefferies CA, Parks WC. Macrophage MMP10 Regulates TLR7-Mediated Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2817. [PMID: 30564235 PMCID: PMC6288447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an in vivo model of tolerance to TLR7-induced skin inflammation, we found a critical role for macrophage-derived MMP10 in mediating immune hypo-responsiveness. Cutaneous exposure to Imiquimod (IMQ), a TLR7 agonist, induced acute expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL1β, IL6, CXCL1) and neutrophil influx equally in both wildtype and Mmp10 -/- mice. However, whereas subsequent exposure (11 and 12 days later) to IMQ led to marked abrogation of pro-inflammatory factor expression in wildtype mice, Mmp10 -/- mice responded similarly as they did to the first application. In addition, the second exposure led to increased expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling (TNFAIP3, IRAK3) and immunosuppressive cytokines (IL10, TGFβ1) in wildtype mice but not in Mmp10 -/- mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that prior exposure of IMQ to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) made wildtype cells refractory to subsequent stimulation but did not for Mmp10 -/- macrophages. These findings expand the critical roles MMP10 plays in controlling macrophage activation to indicate that the development of immune tolerance to TLR7 ligand is dependent on this macrophage-derived proteinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam G Rohani
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Dimitrova
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Beppu
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William C Parks
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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95
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Deana Y, Burgara-Estrella AJ, Montalvo-Corral M, Angulo-Molina A, Acosta-Elías MA, Silva-Campa E, Sarabia-Sainz JA, Rodríguez-Hernández IC, Pedroza-Montero MR. Effect of gamma irradiation doses in the structural and functional properties of mice splenic cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:286-297. [PMID: 30496016 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1547435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation is nowadays effectively used in cancer treatments. However, the effect of irradiation in immune-system cells is poorly understood and remains controversial. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of γ-irradiation in the structural and functional properties of mice splenic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structural traits of irradiated splenic cells were evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Functional properties were measured by gene and protein expression by RT-qPCR and ELISA, respectively. The induced cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay and the phagocytic capability by flow cytometry. RESULTS Membrane roughness and molecular composition of splenic adherent cells are not changed by irradiation doses exposure. An increase in transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. While protein expression decreased in IL-2 dose-dependent, relevant differences were identified in the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 at 27 Gy. An increase of cytotoxicity in irradiated cells at 7 Gy and 27 Gy doses was observed, while phagocytosis was slight increased at 7 Gy dose but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that γ-irradiation affects the splenic cells and changes the cytokines profile toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype and a tendency to increase the cytotoxicity was found, which implies a stimulation of immune response induced by γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanik Deana
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México.,b Institute for Chemistry and Bioanalytics , University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern , Muttenz , Switzerland
| | | | - Maricela Montalvo-Corral
- c Departamento de Nutrición , Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. , Hermosillo , México
| | | | - Mónica A Acosta-Elías
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México
| | - Erika Silva-Campa
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México
| | - Jose A Sarabia-Sainz
- a Departamento de Investigación en Física , Universidad de Sonora , Hermosillo , México
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96
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Bohn T, Rapp S, Luther N, Klein M, Bruehl TJ, Kojima N, Aranda Lopez P, Hahlbrock J, Muth S, Endo S, Pektor S, Brand A, Renner K, Popp V, Gerlach K, Vogel D, Lueckel C, Arnold-Schild D, Pouyssegur J, Kreutz M, Huber M, Koenig J, Weigmann B, Probst HC, von Stebut E, Becker C, Schild H, Schmitt E, Bopp T. Tumor immunoevasion via acidosis-dependent induction of regulatory tumor-associated macrophages. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1319-1329. [PMID: 30397348 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many tumors evolve sophisticated strategies to evade the immune system, and these represent major obstacles for efficient antitumor immune responses. Here we explored a molecular mechanism of metabolic communication deployed by highly glycolytic tumors for immunoevasion. In contrast to colon adenocarcinomas, melanomas showed comparatively high glycolytic activity, which resulted in high acidification of the tumor microenvironment. This tumor acidosis induced Gprotein-coupled receptor-dependent expression of the transcriptional repressor ICER in tumor-associated macrophages that led to their functional polarization toward a non-inflammatory phenotype and promoted tumor growth. Collectively, our findings identify a molecular mechanism of metabolic communication between non-lymphoid tissue and the immune system that was exploited by high-glycolytic-rate tumors for evasion of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toszka Bohn
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Rapp
- Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natascha Luther
- Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Till-Julius Bruehl
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Pamela Aranda Lopez
- Third Medical Clinic, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hahlbrock
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Muth
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefanie Pektor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Almut Brand
- Internal Medicine III, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Internal Medicine III, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Popp
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Gerlach
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Vogel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Lueckel
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Danielle Arnold-Schild
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Medical Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Monaco, Monaco
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Internal Medicine III, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center for Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jochem Koenig
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benno Weigmann
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Probst
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther von Stebut
- Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjoerg Schild
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,University Cancer Center, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,University Cancer Center, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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97
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Moradi‐Chaleshtori M, Hashemi SM, Soudi S, Bandehpour M, Mohammadi‐Yeganeh S. Tumor‐derived exosomal microRNAs and proteins as modulators of macrophage function. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7970-7982. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi‐Chaleshtori
- Department of Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi‐Yeganeh
- Department of Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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98
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Baird JR, Bell RB, Troesch V, Friedman D, Bambina S, Kramer G, Blair TC, Medler T, Wu Y, Sun Z, de Gruijl TD, van de Ven R, Leidner RS, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. Evaluation of Explant Responses to STING Ligands: Personalized Immunosurgical Therapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6308-6319. [PMID: 30224374 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surgeons have unique in situ access to tumors enabling them to apply immunotherapies to resection margins as a means to prevent local recurrence. Here, we developed a surgical approach to deliver stimulator of interferon genes (STING) ligands to the site of a purposeful partial tumor resection using a gel-based biomaterial. In a range of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) murine tumor models, we demonstrate that although control-treated tumors recur locally, tumors treated with STING-loaded biomaterials are cured. The mechanism of tumor control required activation of STING and induction of type I IFN in host cells, not cancer cells, and resulted in CD8 T-cell-mediated cure of residual cancer cells. In addition, we used a novel tumor explant assay to screen individual murine and human HNSCC tumor responses to therapies ex vivo We then utilized this information to personalize the biomaterial and immunotherapy applied to previously unresponsive tumors in mice. These data demonstrate that explant assays identify the diversity of tumor-specific responses to STING ligands and establish the utility of the explant assay to personalize immunotherapies according to the local response.Significance: Delivery of immunotherapy directly to resection sites via a gel-based biomaterial prevents locoregional recurrence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6308-19. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Baird
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - R Bryan Bell
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon.,Head and Neck Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Victoria Troesch
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Friedman
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shelly Bambina
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Gwen Kramer
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tiffany C Blair
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Terry Medler
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Yaping Wu
- Pathology, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zhaoyu Sun
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rieneke van de Ven
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rom S Leidner
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon.,The Oregon Clinic, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon.
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99
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Durairajan S, Jebaraj Walter CE, Samuel MD, Palani D, G DJD, C GPD, Pasupati S, Johnson T. Differential expression of NF-κB heterodimer RelA/p50 in human urothelial carcinoma. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5563. [PMID: 30225173 PMCID: PMC6139250 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the fifth most common malignancy that accounts for 5% of all cancers. Diagnostic markers that predict UC progressions are inadequate. NF-κB contributes towards disease progression upon constitutive activation in many solid tumors. The nuclear localization of NF-κB indicates increased transcriptional activity while cytoplasmic localization indicates the inactive protein repository that can be utilized readily by a malignant cell. This study delineates the nuclear and cytoplasmic differential expression of NF-κB heterodimers in UC progression. Methods The involvement of the NF-κB proteins in UC was analyzed in silico using cytoscape. The expression of NF-κB heterodimers was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results PINA4MS app in cytoscape revealed over expression of RelA and suppression of NF-κB1 (p50 precursor) in UC whereas the expression of NF-κB target proteins remained unhindered. Immunohistochemical localization showed nuclear RelA/p50 in low grade UC whereas in high grade only RelA expression was observed. Conversely, cytoplasmic expression of RelA/p50 remained extensive across high and low grade UC tissues (p < 0.005). RelA nuclear and cytoplasmic expression (p < 0.005) was directly proportional to the disease progression. In our study, some of the high-grade UC tissues with squamous differentiation and muscle invasion had extensive nuclear p50 localization. The phenomenon of RelA/p50 expression seen increased in low-grade UC than high grade UC might be due to their interaction with other members of NF-κB family of proteins. Thus, NF-κB RelA/p50 differential expression may play a unique role in UC pathogenesis and can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankari Durairajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mary Divya Samuel
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (formerly Manipal University), Manipal, India
| | - Dinesh Palani
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Dicky John Davis G
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sneha Pasupati
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thanka Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
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100
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Concetti J, Wilson CL. NFKB1 and Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cells 2018; 7:cells7090133. [PMID: 30205516 PMCID: PMC6162711 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence strongly suggests that aberrant activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway is associated with carcinogenesis. A number of key cellular processes are governed by the effectors of this pathway, including immune responses and apoptosis, both crucial in the development of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that dysregulated and chronic NF-κB signalling can have a profound impact on cellular homeostasis. Here we discuss NFKB1 (p105/p50), one of the five subunits of NF-κB, widely implicated in carcinogenesis, in some cases driving cancer progression and in others acting as a tumour-suppressor. The complexity of the role of this subunit lies in the multiple dimeric combination possibilities as well as the different interacting co-factors, which dictate whether gene transcription is activated or repressed, in a cell and organ-specific manner. This review highlights the multiple roles of NFKB1 in the development and progression of different cancers, and the considerations to make when attempting to manipulate NF-κB as a potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Concetti
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Caroline L Wilson
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
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