51
|
Jeibouei S, Akbari ME, Kalbasi A, Aref AR, Ajoudanian M, Rezvani A, Zali H. Personalized medicine in breast cancer: pharmacogenomics approaches. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:59-73. [PMID: 31213877 PMCID: PMC6549747 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s167886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Breast cancer is the fifth cause of cancer death among women worldwide and represents a global health concern due to the lack of effective therapeutic regimens that could be applied to all disease groups. Nowadays, strategies based on pharmacogenomics constitute novel approaches that minimize toxicity while maximizing drug efficacy; this being of high importance in the oncology setting. Besides, genetic profiling of malignant tumors can lead to the development of targeted therapies to be included in effective drug regimens. Advances in molecular diagnostics have revealed that breast cancer is a multifaceted disease, characterized by inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and, unlike the past, molecular classifications based on the expression of individual biomarkers have led to devising novel therapeutic strategies that improve patient survival. In this review, we report and discuss the molecular classification of breast cancer subtypes, the heterogeneity resource, and the advantages and disadvantages of current drug regimens with consideration of pharmacogenomics in response and resistance to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Jeibouei
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad Ajoudanian
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Centre, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Floss DM, Scheller J. Naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors in disease and therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:1-20. [PMID: 31147158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines control immune related events and are critically involved in a plethora of patho-physiological processes including autoimmunity and cancer development. Mutations which cause ligand-independent, constitutive activation of cytokine receptors are quite frequently found in diseases. Many constitutive-active cytokine receptor variants have been directly connected to disease development and mechanistically analyzed. Nature's solutions to generate constitutive cytokine receptors has been recently adopted by synthetic cytokine receptor biology, with the goal to optimize immune therapeutics. Here, CAR T cell immmunotherapy represents the first example to combine synthetic biology with genetic engineering during therapy. Hence, constitutive-active cytokine receptors are therapeutic targets, but also emerging tools to improve or modulate immunotherapeutic strategies. This review gives a comprehensive insight into the field of naturally occurring and synthetic constitutive-active cytokine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen M Floss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Eiger D, Pondé NF, de Azambuja E. Pertuzumab in HER2-positive early breast cancer: current use and perspectives. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1823-1843. [PMID: 30938542 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the prognosis of HER2-positive breast cancer patients has dramatically improved with modern chemotherapy and the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, up to 31% of them will experience a recurrence in the long term. After the unprecedented benefit in overall survival with the addition of the second monoclonal antibody pertuzumab for patients with metastatic disease, the drug was tested with various degrees of success in the preoperative and postoperative settings. In this review, we will focus on the pharmacologic aspects of the drug, including mechanism of action and toxicities, and discuss clinical data regarding its use in advanced and early stage HER2-positive breast cancer, placing in perspective the pros and cons regarding other available drugs and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eiger
- Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Medical Oncology Department, Academic Promoting Team at Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noam Falbel Pondé
- Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Medical Oncology Department, Academic Promoting Team at Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet - Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Medical Oncology Department, Academic Promoting Team at Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Díaz-Rodríguez E, Pérez-Peña J, Ríos-Luci C, Arribas J, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. TRAIL receptor activation overcomes resistance to trastuzumab in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:34-44. [PMID: 30928382 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of resistance to the anti-HER2 targeted drug trastuzumab constitutes, nowadays, an important challenge in the oncology clinic. To fight such resistance, we searched for potential vulnerabilities in cells resistant to that drug. To that end, we used cell lines primary resistant to trastuzumab, as well as cells made secondarily resistant to the drug upon continuous exposure. Using genomic and proteomic approaches, a deregulation in cell death pathways was identified in trastuzumab-resistant cells. More precisely, an increased response to the death factor TRAIL, caused by an increase in the cellular receptors for this factor, was observed. In parallel, a decrease in inhibitory components of the pathway was detected. This combination produces a more efficient assembly of the functional complex in the trastuzumab-resistant cells that translates in the observed increased response to TRAIL. Analysis of HER2 positive patient samples confirmed deregulation of this pathway in trastuzumab-resistant patients. Taken together our data identify a vulnerability of trastuzumab-resistant cells that could be used to design new targeted therapies in that context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Díaz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; CIBERONC, Spain.
| | - Javier Pérez-Peña
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital and Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Albacete, Spain, and; CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Carla Ríos-Luci
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Translational Research Unit, Albacete University Hospital and Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Albacete, Spain, and; CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer. CSIC-IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain; CIBERONC, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Gorbatenko A, Søkilde R, Sorensen EE, Newie I, Persson H, Morancho B, Arribas J, Litman T, Rovira C, Pedersen SF. HER2 and p95HER2 differentially regulate miRNA expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells and downregulate MYB proteins through miR-221/222 and miR-503. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3352. [PMID: 30833639 PMCID: PMC6399295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2 oncogene and its truncated form p95HER2 play central roles in breast cancer. Here, we show that although HER2 and p95HER2 generally elicit qualitatively similar changes in miRNA profile in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, a subset of changes are distinct and p95HER2 shifts the miRNA profile towards the basal breast cancer subtype. High-throughput miRNA profiling was carried out 15, 36 and 60 h after HER2 or p95HER2 expression and central hits validated by RT-qPCR. miRNAs strongly regulated by p95HER2 yet not by HER2, included miR-221, miR-222, miR-503, miR-29a, miR-149, miR-196 and miR-361. Estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) expression was essentially ablated by p95HER2 expression, in a manner recapitulated by miR-221/-222 mimics. c-Myb family transcription factors MYB and MYBL1, but not MYBL2, were downregulated by p95HER2 and by miR-503 or miR-221/-222 mimics. MYBL1 3′UTR inhibition by miR-221/222 was lost by deletion of a single putative miR-221/222 binding sites. p95HER2 expression, or knockdown of either MYB protein, elicited upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-2 (TIMP2). miR-221/222 and -503 mimics increased, and TIMP2 knockdown decreased, cell migration and invasion. A similar pathway was operational in T47D- and SKBr-3 cells. This work reveals important differences between HER2- and p95HER2- mediated miRNA changes in breast cancer cells, provides novel mechanistic insight into regulation of MYB family transcription factors by p95HER2, and points to a role for a miR-221/222– MYB family–TIMP2 axis in regulation of motility in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Gorbatenko
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rolf Søkilde
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ester E Sorensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inga Newie
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Persson
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Morancho
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and CIBERONC, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and CIBERONC, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, JA, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, JA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Rovira
- BioCare, Strategic Cancer Research Program, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Martínez-Pérez C, Turnbull AK, Dixon JM. The evolving role of receptors as predictive biomarkers for metastatic breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:121-138. [PMID: 30501540 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1552138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In breast cancer, estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are essential biomarkers to predict response to endocrine and anti-HER2 therapies, respectively. In metastatic breast cancer, the use of these receptors and targeted therapies present additional challenges: temporal heterogeneity, together with limited sampling methodologies, hinders receptor status assessment, and the constant evolution of the disease invariably leads to resistance to treatment. Areas covered: This review summarizes the genomic abnormalities in ER and HER2, such as mutations, amplifications, translocations, and alternative splicing, emerging as novel biomarkers that provide an insight into underlying mechanisms of resistance and hold potential predictive value to inform treatment selection. We also describe how liquid biopsies for sampling of circulating markers and ultrasensitive detection technologies have emerged which complement ongoing efforts for biomarker discovery and analysis. Expert commentary: While evidence suggests that genomic aberrations in ER and HER2 could contribute to meeting the pressing need for better predictive biomarkers, efforts need to be made to standardize assessment methods and better understand the resistance mechanisms these markers denote. Taking advantage of emerging technologies, research in upcoming years should include prospective trials incorporating these predictors into the study design to validate their potential clinical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- a Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- a Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , UK
| | - J Michael Dixon
- a Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Team, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , UK.,b Edinburgh Breast Unit , Western General Hospital , Edinburgh , UK
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ellerman D. Bispecific T-cell engagers: Towards understanding variables influencing the in vitro potency and tumor selectivity and their modulation to enhance their efficacy and safety. Methods 2018; 154:102-117. [PMID: 30395966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific molecules redirecting the cytotoxicity of T-cells are a growing class of therapeutics with numerous molecules being tested in clinical trials. However, it has been a long way since the proof of concept studies in the mid 1980's. In the process we have learnt about the impact of different variables related to the bispecific molecule and the target antigen on the potency of this type of drugs. This work reviews the insights gained and how that knowledge has been used to design more potent bispecific T-cell engagers. The more recent advancement of antibodies with this modality into safety studies in non-human primates and as well as in clinical studies has revealed potential toxicity liabilities for the mode of action. Modifications in existing antibody formats and new experimental molecules designed to mitigate these problems are discussed.
Collapse
|
58
|
Voutsadakis IA. HER2 in stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity of breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 21:539-555. [PMID: 30306401 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer had been the first non-hematologic malignancy where sub-types based on molecular characterization had entered clinical practice. HER2 over-expression, due to either gene amplification or protein up-regulation, defines one of these sub-types and is clinically exploited by addition of HER2-targeted treatments to the regimens of treatment. Nevertheless, in many occasions HER2-positive cancers are resistant or become refractory to these therapies. Several mechanisms, such as activation of alternative pathways or loss of expression of the receptor in cancer cells, have been proposed as the cause of these therapeutic failures. Cancer stem cells (CSCs, alternatively called tumor-initiating cells) comprise a small percentage of the tumor cells, but are capable of reconstituting and propagating tumors due to their superior intrinsic capacity for regeneration, survival and resistance to therapies. CSCs possess circuits enabling epigenetic plasticity which endow them with the ability to alternate between epithelial and mesenchymal states. This paper will discuss the expression and regulation of HER2 in CSCs of the different sub-types of breast cancer and relationships of the receptor with both the circuits of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Therapeutic repercussions of the relationship of HER2-initiated signaling with stemness networks will also be proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, 750 Great Northern Road, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6B 0A8, Canada. .,Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Rius Ruiz I, Vicario R, Morancho B, Morales CB, Arenas EJ, Herter S, Freimoser-Grundschober A, Somandin J, Sam J, Ast O, Barriocanal ÁM, Luque A, Escorihuela M, Varela I, Cuartas I, Nuciforo P, Fasani R, Peg V, Rubio I, Cortés J, Serra V, Escriva-de-Romani S, Sperinde J, Chenna A, Huang W, Winslow J, Albanell J, Seoane J, Scaltriti M, Baselga J, Tabernero J, Umana P, Bacac M, Saura C, Klein C, Arribas J. p95HER2-T cell bispecific antibody for breast cancer treatment. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaat1445. [PMID: 30282693 PMCID: PMC6498439 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are engineered molecules that include, within a single entity, binding sites to the T cell receptor and to tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens. The receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 is a tumor-associated antigen in ~25% of breast cancers. TCBs targeting HER2 may result in severe toxicities, likely due to the expression of HER2 in normal epithelia. About 40% of HER2-positive tumors express p95HER2, a carboxyl-terminal fragment of HER2. Using specific antibodies, here, we show that p95HER2 is not expressed in normal tissues. We describe the development of p95HER2-TCB and show that it has a potent antitumor effect on p95HER2-expressing breast primary cancers and brain lesions. In contrast with a TCB targeting HER2, p95HER2-TCB has no effect on nontransformed cells that do not overexpress HER2. These data pave the way for the safe treatment of a subgroup of HER2-positive tumors by targeting a tumor-specific antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rius Ruiz
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Vicario
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Morancho
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bernadó Morales
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique J Arenas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvia Herter
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anne Freimoser-Grundschober
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jitka Somandin
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Sam
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Ast
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonio Luque
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Escorihuela
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Varela
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuartas
- Translational Research Program, VHIO, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Vicente Peg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Rubio
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- Clinical Research Program, VHIO, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Violeta Serra
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Escriva-de-Romani
- Clinical Research Program, VHIO, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeff Sperinde
- Monogram Biosciences, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ahmed Chenna
- Monogram Biosciences, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Weidong Huang
- Monogram Biosciences, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John Winslow
- Monogram Biosciences, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joan Albanell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Seoane
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Research Program, VHIO, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Department of Pathology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose Baselga
- Department of Medicine, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Research Program, VHIO, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Saura
- Clinical Research Program, VHIO, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Golfetto O, Wakefield DL, Cacao EE, Avery KN, Kenyon V, Jorand R, Tobin SJ, Biswas S, Gutierrez J, Clinton R, Ma Y, Horne DA, Williams JC, Jovanović-Talisman T. A Platform To Enhance Quantitative Single Molecule Localization Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12785-12797. [PMID: 30256630 PMCID: PMC6187371 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative single molecule localization microscopy (qSMLM) is a powerful approach to study in situ protein organization. However, uncertainty regarding the photophysical properties of fluorescent reporters can bias the interpretation of detected localizations and subsequent quantification. Furthermore, strategies to efficiently detect endogenous proteins are often constrained by label heterogeneity and reporter size. Here, a new surface assay for molecular isolation (SAMI) was developed for qSMLM and used to characterize photophysical properties of fluorescent proteins and dyes. SAMI-qSMLM afforded robust quantification. To efficiently detect endogenous proteins, we used fluorescent ligands that bind to a specific site on engineered antibody fragments. Both the density and nano-organization of membrane-bound epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR, HER2, and HER3) were determined by a combination of SAMI, antibody engineering, and pair-correlation analysis. In breast cancer cell lines, we detected distinct differences in receptor density and nano-organization upon treatment with therapeutic agents. This new platform can improve molecular quantification and can be developed to study the local protein environment of intact cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia Golfetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Devin L Wakefield
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Eliedonna E Cacao
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Kendra N Avery
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Victor Kenyon
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Raphael Jorand
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Steven J Tobin
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Sunetra Biswas
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Jennifer Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Ronald Clinton
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Yuelong Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - David A Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - John C Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Tijana Jovanović-Talisman
- Department of Molecular Medicine , Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wang M, Hu Y, Yu T, Ma X, Wei X, Wei Y. Pan-HER-targeted approach for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, recent advances and clinical prospect. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:113-130. [PMID: 30218688 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor family is composed of 4 structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in many human cancers. The efficacy and safety of HER inhibitors have been compared in a wide range of clinical trials, suggesting the superior inhibitory ability of multiple- HER-targeting blockade compared with single receptor antagonists. However, many patients are currently resistant to current therapeutic treatment and novel strategies are warranted to conquer the resistance. Thus, we performed a critical review to summarize the molecular involvement of HER family receptors in tumour progression, recent anti-HER drug development based on clinical trials, and the potential resistance mechanisms of anti-HER therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ting Yu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Sokolova EA, Vodeneev VA, Deyev SM, Balalaeva IV. 3D in vitro models of tumors expressing EGFR family receptors: a potent tool for studying receptor biology and targeted drug development. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:99-111. [PMID: 30205170 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carcinomas overexpressing EGFR family receptors are of high clinical importance, because the receptors have prognostic value and are used as molecular targets for anticancer therapy. Insufficient drug efficacy necessitates further in-depth research of the receptor biology and improvement in preclinical stages of drug evaluation. Here, we review the currently used advanced 3D in vitro models of tumors, including tumor spheroids, models in natural and synthetic matrices, tumor organoids and microfluidic-based models, as a potent tool for studying EGFR biology and targeted drug development. We are especially focused on factors that affect the biology of tumor cells, causing modification in the expression and basic phosphorylation of the receptors, crosstalk with other signaling pathways and switch between downstream cascades, resulting ultimately in the resistance to antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Sokolova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vodeneev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky University, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
MacLeod JA, Gao Y, Hall C, Muller WJ, Gujral TS, Greer PA. Genetic disruption of calpain-1 and calpain-2 attenuates tumorigenesis in mouse models of HER2+ breast cancer and sensitizes cancer cells to doxorubicin and lapatinib. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33382-33395. [PMID: 30279968 PMCID: PMC6161787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium activated cysteine proteases which participate in a wide range of cellular functions including migration, invasion, autophagy, programmed cell death, and gene expression. Calpain-1 and calpain-2 isoforms are ubiquitously expressed heterodimers composed of isoform specific catalytic subunits coupled with an obligate common regulatory subunit encoded by capns1. Here, we report that conditional deletion of capns1 disrupted calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression and activity, and this was associated with delayed tumorigenesis and altered signaling in a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous HER2+ breast cancer and effectively blocked tumorigenesis in an orthotopic engraftment model. Furthermore, capns1 knockout in a tumor derived cell line correlated with enhanced sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin and the HER2/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib. Collectively, these results indicate pro-tumorigenic roles for calpains-1/2 in HER2+ breast cancer and provide evidence that calpain-1/2 inhibitors could have anti-tumor effects if used either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics and targeted agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A MacLeod
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Gao
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Hall
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Combined with Biological Validation Reveals Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Contributing to Trastuzumab Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071981. [PMID: 29986466 PMCID: PMC6073113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to trastuzumab, which specifically target HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer, can develop ultimately in cancer patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of resistance in gastric cancer have not been fully elucidated. Here, we established trastuzumab-resistant MKN45 and NCI N87 gastric cancer sublines from their parental cells. The resistant cells exhibited characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquired higher migratory and invasive capacities. To exploit the activated pathways and develop new strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance, we investigated MKN45 and MKN45/R cells via label-free quantitative proteomics, and found pathways that were altered significantly in MKN45/R cells, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway being the most significant. We further confirmed the activation of this pathway by detecting its key molecules in MKN45/R and NCI N87/R cells via Western blot, in which Wnt3A, FZD6, and CTNNB1 increased, whereas GSK-3β decreased, manifesting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Correspondingly, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by ICG-001, a specific Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, preferentially reduced proliferation and invasion of trastuzumab-resistant cells and reversed EMT. Concurringly, CTNNB1 knockdown in stable cell lines potently sensitized cells to trastuzumab and induced more apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates trastuzumab resistance, and the combination of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with trastuzumab may be an effective treatment option.
Collapse
|
65
|
Kang CC, Ward TM, Bockhorn J, Schiffman C, Huang H, Pegram MD, Herr AE. Electrophoretic cytopathology resolves ERBB2 forms with single-cell resolution. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:10. [PMID: 29872719 PMCID: PMC5871910 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to canonical oncoproteins, truncated isoforms and proteolysis products are implicated in both drug resistance and disease progression. In HER2-positive breast tumors, expression of truncated HER2 isoforms resulting from alternative translation and/or carboxy-terminal fragments (CTFs) resulting from proteolysis (collectively, t-erbB2) have been associated with shortened progression-free survival of patients. Thus, to advance clinical pathology and inform treatment decisions, we developed a high-selectivity cytopathology assay capable of distinguishing t-erbB2 from full-length HER2 expression without the need for isoform-specific antibodies. Our microfluidic, single-cell western blot, employs electrophoretic separations to resolve full-length HER2 from the smaller t-erbB2 in each ~28 pL single-cell lysate. Subsequently, a pan-HER2 antibody detects all resolved HER2 protein forms via immunoprobing. In analysis of eight breast tumor biopsies, we identified two tumors comprised of 15% and 40% t-erbB2-expressing cells. By single-cell western blotting of the t-erbB2-expressing cells, we observed statistically different ratios of t-erbB2 proteins to full-length HER2 expression. Further, target multiplexing and clustering analyses scrutinized signaling, including ribosomal S6, within the t-erbB2-expressing cell subpopulation. Taken together, cytometric assays that report both protein isoform profiles and signaling state offer cancer classification taxonomies with unique relevance to precisely describing drug resistance mechanisms in which oncoprotein isoforms/fragments are implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Kang
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Toby M Ward
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jessica Bockhorn
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Courtney Schiffman
- 3Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Haiyan Huang
- 4Department of Statistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Mark D Pegram
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Richard S, Selle F, Lotz JP, Khalil A, Gligorov J, Soares DG. Pertuzumab and trastuzumab: the rationale way to synergy. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 88 Suppl 1:565-77. [PMID: 27275646 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has now been 15 years since the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was introduced in clinical and revolutionized the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite this achievement, most patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer still show progression of their disease, highlighting the need for new therapies. The continuous interest in novel targeted agents led to the development of pertuzumab, the first in a new class of agents, the HER dimerization inhibitors. Pertuzumab is a novel recombinant humanized antibody directed against extracellular domain II of HER2 protein that is required for the heterodimerization of HER2 with other HER receptors, leading to the activation of downstream signalling pathways. Pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab plus docetaxel was approved for the first-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and is currently used as a standard of care in this indication. In the neoadjuvant setting, the drug was granted FDA-accelerated approval in 2013. Pertuzumab is also being evaluated in the adjuvant setting. The potential of pertuzumab relies in the dual complete blockade of the HER2/3 axis when administered with trastuzumab. This paper synthetises preclinical and clinical data on pertuzumab and highlights the mechanisms underlying the synergistic activity of the combination pertuzumab-trastuzumab which are essentially due to their complementary mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Richard
- Medical Oncology Department, APREC (Alliance Pour la Recherche En Cancérologie), Tenon Hospital (Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est-Parisien, AP-HP), rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France, Medical Oncology Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris , France
| | - Frédéric Selle
- Medical Oncology Department, APREC (Alliance Pour la Recherche En Cancérologie), Tenon Hospital (Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est-Parisien, AP-HP), rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France, Medical Oncology Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris , France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lotz
- Medical Oncology Department, APREC (Alliance Pour la Recherche En Cancérologie), Tenon Hospital (Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est-Parisien, AP-HP), rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France, Medical Oncology Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris , France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie Université Pierre et Marie Curie (IUC-UPMC Univ Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France, Université Curie Paris 6, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris , France
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Medical Oncology Department, APREC (Alliance Pour la Recherche En Cancérologie), Tenon Hospital (Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est-Parisien, AP-HP), rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France, Medical Oncology Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris , France
| | - Joseph Gligorov
- Medical Oncology Department, APREC (Alliance Pour la Recherche En Cancérologie), Tenon Hospital (Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est-Parisien, AP-HP), rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France, Medical Oncology Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris , France.,Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie Université Pierre et Marie Curie (IUC-UPMC Univ Paris 06), Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France, Université Curie Paris 6, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris , France
| | - Daniele G Soares
- Medical Oncology Department, APREC (Alliance Pour la Recherche En Cancérologie), Tenon Hospital (Hôpitaux Universitaires de l'Est-Parisien, AP-HP), rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France, Medical Oncology Department, Tenon Hospital, Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Kim YJ, Sung D, Oh E, Cho Y, Cho TM, Farrand L, Seo JH, Kim JY. Flubendazole overcomes trastuzumab resistance by targeting cancer stem-like properties and HER2 signaling in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 412:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
68
|
Oncogenic p95HER2/611CTF primes human breast epithelial cells for metabolic stress-induced down-regulation of FLIP and activation of TRAIL-R/Caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93688-93703. [PMID: 29212182 PMCID: PMC5706828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation triggers reprogramming of cell metabolism, as part of the tumorigenic process. However, metabolic reprogramming may also increase the sensitivity of transformed cells to microenvironmental stress, at the early stages of tumor development. Herein, we show that transformation of human breast epithelial cells by the p95HER2/611CTF oncogene markedly sensitizes these cells to metabolic stress induced by the simultaneous inhibition of glucose and glutamine metabolism. In p95HER2/611CTF-transformed cells, metabolic stress activates a TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-R and caspase-8-dependent apoptotic process that requires prior down-regulation of cellular FLICE-like inhibitor protein (c-FLIP) levels. Importantly, sustained mTOR activation is involved in FLIP down-regulation and apoptosis induced by metabolic stress. In vivo experiments in immunodeficient mice demonstrate a requirement for caspase-8 in restraining primary tumor growth of xenografts with p95HER2/611CTF-transformed cells. Collectively, these data define a critical role of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in the control of tumor initiation by microenvironmental cues.
Collapse
|
69
|
Menyhart O, Budczies J, Munkácsy G, Esteva FJ, Szabó A, Miquel TP, Győrffy B. DUSP4 is associated with increased resistance against anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77207-77218. [PMID: 29100381 PMCID: PMC5652774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients develop resistance against suppression of HER2-signaling mediated by trastuzumab in HER2 positive breast cancer (BC). HER2 overexpression activates multiple signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) are essential regulators of MAPKs and participate in many facets of cellular regulation, including proliferation and apoptosis. We aimed to identify whether differential MKPs are associated with resistance to targeted therapy in patients previously treated with trastuzumab. Using gene chip data of 88 HER2-positive, trastuzumab treated BC patients, candidate MKPs were identified by Receiver Operator Characteristics analysis performed in R. Genes were ranked using their achieved area under the curve (AUC) values and were further restricted to markers significantly associated with worse survival. Functional significance of the two strongest predictive markers was evaluated in vitro by gene silencing in HER2 overexpressing, trastuzumab resistant BC cell lines SKTR and JIMT-1. The strongest predictive MKPs were DUSP4/MKP-2 (AUC=0.75, p=0.0096) and DUSP6/MKP-3 (AUC=0.77, p=5.29E-05). Higher expression for these correlated to worse survival (DUSP4: HR=2.05, p=0.009 and DUSP6: HR=2, p=0.0015). Silencing of DUSP4 had significant sensitization effects – viability of DUSP4 siRNA transfected, trastuzumab treated cells decreased significantly compared to scramble-siRNA transfected controls (SKTR: p=0.016; JIMT-1: p=0.016). In contrast, simultaneous treatment with DUSP6 siRNA and trastuzumab did not alter cell proliferation. Our findings suggest that DUSP4 may represent a new potential target to overcome trastuzumab resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhart
- Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gyöngyi Munkácsy
- Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - András Szabó
- Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Teresa Puig Miquel
- New Terapeutics Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Vici P, Pizzuti L, Michelotti A, Sperduti I, Natoli C, Mentuccia L, Lauro LD, Sergi D, Marchetti P, Santini D, Magnolfi E, Iezzi L, Moscetti L, Fabbri A, Cassano A, Grassadonia A, Omarini C, Piacentini F, Botticelli A, Bertolini I, Scinto AF, Zampa G, Mauri M, D’Onofrio L, Sini V, Barba M, Maugeri-Saccà M, Rossi E, Landucci E, Tomao S, Alberti AM, Giotta F, Ficorella C, Adamo V, Russo A, Lorusso V, Cannita K, Barni S, Laudadio L, Greco F, Garrone O, Giulia MD, Marolla P, Sanguineti G, Cocco BD, Ciliberto G, Maria RD, Gamucci T. A retrospective multicentric observational study of trastuzumab emtansine in HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer: a real-world experience. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56921-56931. [PMID: 28915642 PMCID: PMC5593613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We addressed trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) efficacy in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer patients treated in real-world practice, and its activity in pertuzumab-pretreated patients. We conducted a retrospective, observational study involving 23 cancer centres, and 250 patients. Survival data were analyzed by Kaplan Meier curves and log rank test. Factors testing significant in univariate analysis were tested in multivariate models. Median follow-up was 15 months and median T-DM1 treatment-length 4 months. Response rate was 41.6%, clinical benefit 60.9%. Median progression-free and median overall survival were 6 and 20 months, respectively. Overall, no differences emerged by pertuzumab pretreatment, with median progression-free and median overall survival of 4 and 17 months in pertuzumab-pretreated (p=0.13), and 6 and 22 months in pertuzumab-naïve patients (p=0.27). Patients who received second-line T-DM1 had median progression-free and median overall survival of 3 and 12 months (p=0.0001) if pertuzumab-pretreated, and 8 and 26 months if pertuzumab-naïve (p=0.06). In contrast, in third-line and beyond, median progression-free and median overall survival were 16 and 18 months in pertuzumab-pretreated (p=0.05) and 6 and 17 months in pertuzumab-naïve patients (p=0.30). In multivariate analysis, lower ECOG performance status was associated with progression-free survival benefit (p<0.0001), while overall survival was positively affected by lower ECOG PS (p<0.0001), absence of brain metastases (p 0.05), and clinical benefit (p<0.0001). Our results are comparable with those from randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to confirm and interpret our data on apparently lower T-DM1 efficacy when given as second-line treatment after pertuzumab, and on the optimal sequence order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Michelotti
- UO Oncologia Medica I, Ospedale S. Chiara, Dipartimento di oncologia, dei trapianti e delle nuove tecnologie, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Bio-Statistics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Moscetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Agnese Fabbri
- Division of Oncology, Complesso Ospedaliero Belcolle, AUSL Viterbo, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cassano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Centro Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Omarini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Bertolini
- UO Oncologia Medica I, Ospedale S. Chiara, Dipartimento di oncologia, dei trapianti e delle nuove tecnologie, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Germano Zampa
- Oncology Unit, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mauri
- Division of Oncology, San Giovanni Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Loretta D’Onofrio
- Medical Oncology, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rossi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Landucci
- UO Oncologia Medica I, Ospedale S. Chiara, Dipartimento di oncologia, dei trapianti e delle nuove tecnologie, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Latina, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giotta
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Corrado Ficorella
- Medical Oncology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Adamo
- Medical Oncology Unit AOOR Papardo-Piemonte, Department of Human Pathology of Adult And Evolutive Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Lorusso
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Katia Cannita
- Medical Oncology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Sandro Barni
- Medical Oncology, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Ospedale di Treviglio, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Greco
- Department of Pathology, Surgery and Oncology, “Mater Salutis” Hospital, ULSS21, Verona, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Medical Oncology, A.O. Ospedale di Insegnamento S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Marina Della Giulia
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marolla
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Department of Radiotherapy, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Martinez VG, O'Neill S, Salimu J, Breslin S, Clayton A, Crown J, O'Driscoll L. Resistance to HER2-targeted anti-cancer drugs is associated with immune evasion in cancer cells and their derived extracellular vesicles. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1362530. [PMID: 29209569 PMCID: PMC5706614 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1362530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NmU) -a neuropeptide belonging to the neuromedin family– plays a substantial role in HER2-positive breast cancer, correlating with increased aggressiveness, resistance to HER2-targeted therapies and overall significantly poorer outcome for patients. However, the mechanism through which it exerts these effects remains unclear. To elucidate this, initially we used HER2-positive breast cancer cells stably over-expressing NmU. These cells and their released extracellular vesicles (EVs) had increased amounts of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGFβ1 and the lymphocyte activation inhibitor PD-L1. Furthermore, these cells also showed enhanced resistance to antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by trastuzumab, indicating a role of NmU in enhancing immune evasion. All these features were also found in HER2-targeted drug-resistant cells which we previously found to express higher levels of NmU than their drug-sensitive counterparts. Interestingly, EVs from drug-resistant cells were able to increase levels of TGFβ1 in drug-sensitive cells. In our neo-adjuvant clinical trial, TGFβ1 levels were significantly higher in EVs isolated from the serum of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancers who went on to not respond to HER2-targeted drug treatment, compared with those who experienced complete or partial response. Taken together, our results report a new mechanism-of-action for NmU in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer that enhances resistance to the anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, EV levels of TGFβ1 correlating with patients' response versus resistance to HER2-targeted drugs suggests a potential use of EV-TGFβ1 as a minimally-invasive companion diagnostic for such treatment in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa G Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sadhbh O'Neill
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josephine Salimu
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Susan Breslin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Velindre Cancer Centre, Whitchurch, Cardiff, Wales
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Chihara Y, Shimoda M, Hori A, Ohara A, Naoi Y, Ikeda JI, Kagara N, Tanei T, Shimomura A, Shimazu K, Kim SJ, Noguchi S. A small-molecule inhibitor of SMAD3 attenuates resistance to anti-HER2 drugs in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:55-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
73
|
Ríos-Luci C, García-Alonso S, Díaz-Rodríguez E, Nadal-Serrano M, Arribas J, Ocaña A, Pandiella A. Resistance to the Antibody-Drug Conjugate T-DM1 Is Based in a Reduction in Lysosomal Proteolytic Activity. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4639-4651. [PMID: 28687619 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that was approved recently to treat HER2+ breast cancers. Despite its impressive clinical efficacy in many patients, intrinsic and acquired resistance to T-DM1 has emerged as a challenge. To identify mechanisms of T-DM1 resistance, we isolated several resistant HER2+ clones exhibiting stable drug refractoriness in vitro and in vivo Genomic comparisons showed substantial differences among three of the isolated clones, indicating several potential mechanisms of resistance to T-DM1. However, we observed no differences in HER2 levels and signaling among the resistant models and parental HER2+ cells. Bioinformatics studies suggested that intracellular trafficking of T-DM1 could underlie resistance to T-DM1, and systematic analysis of the path followed by T-DM1 showed that the early steps in the internalization of the drug were unaltered. However, in some of the resistant clones, T-DM1 accumulated in lysosomes. In these clones, lysosomal pH was increased and the proteolytic activity of these organelles was deranged. These results were confirmed in T-DM1-resistant cells from patient-derived HER2+ samples. We postulate that resistance to T-DM1 occurs through multiple mechanisms, one of which is impaired lysosomal proteolytic activity. Because other ADC may use the same internalization-degradation pathway to deliver active payloads, strategies aimed at restoring lysosomal functionality might overcome resistance to ADC-based therapies and improve their effectiveness. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4639-51. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ríos-Luci
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sara García-Alonso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquín Arribas
- Vall d'Hebron Institut d'Oncologia (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocaña
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional Hospital Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Gerson JN, Skariah S, Denlinger CS, Astsaturov I. Perspectives of HER2-targeting in gastric and esophageal cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:531-540. [PMID: 28387541 PMCID: PMC5563845 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1315406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blockade of HER2 signaling has significantly improved the outlook for esophagogastric cancer patients. However, targeting HER2 still remains challenging due to complex biology of this receptor in gastric and esophageal cancers. Areas covered: Here, we review complex HER2 biology, current methods of HER2 testing and tumor heterogeneity of gastroesophageal cancer. Ongoing and completed clinical research data are discussed. Expert opinion: HER2 overexpression is a validated target in gastroesophageal cancer, with therapeutic implications resulting in prolonged survival when inhibited in the front-line setting. With standardized HER2 testing in gastro-esophageal cancer, the ongoing trials are testing newer agents and combinations including combination of anti-HER2 antibodies with immunotherapy. Clonal heterogeneity and emergence of resistance will challenge our approach to treating these patients beyond the frontline settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Gerson
- a Department of Hemagology/Oncology , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Sam Skariah
- b Abington Memorial Hospital , Abington , PA , USA
| | - Crystal S Denlinger
- a Department of Hemagology/Oncology , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- c Program in Molecular Therapeutics and Department of Medical Oncology , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
HER2 in Breast Cancer Stemness: A Negative Feedback Loop towards Trastuzumab Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050040. [PMID: 28445439 PMCID: PMC5447950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in approximately 20% of all breast cancers (BCs) is a poor prognosis factor and a precious target for BC therapy. Trastuzumab is approved by FDA to specifically target HER2 for treating HER2+ BC. However, about 60% of patients with HER2+ breast tumor develop de novo resistance to trastuzumab, partially due to the loss of expression of HER2 extracellular domain on their tumor cells. This is due to shedding/cleavage of HER2 by metalloproteinases (ADAMs and MMPs). HER2 shedding results in the accumulation of intracellular carboxyl-terminal HER2 (p95HER2), which is a common phenomenon in trastuzumab-resistant tumors and is suggested as a predictive marker for trastuzumab resistance. Up-regulation of the metalloproteinases is a poor prognosis factor and is commonly seen in mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells that are risen during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. HER2 cleavage during EMT can explain why secondary metastatic tumors with high percentage of mesenchymal-like cancer stem cells are mostly resistant to trastuzumab but still sensitive to lapatinib. Importantly, many studies report HER2 interaction with oncogenic/stemness signaling pathways including TGF-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, JAK/STAT and Hedgehog. HER2 overexpression promotes EMT and the emergence of cancer stem cell properties in BC. Increased expression and activation of metalloproteinases during EMT leads to proteolytic cleavage and shedding of HER2 receptor, which downregulates HER2 extracellular domain and eventually increases trastuzumab resistance. Here, we review the hypothesis that a negative feedback loop between HER2 and stemness signaling drives resistance of BC to trastuzumab.
Collapse
|
76
|
Chen LM, Chai KX. Proteolytic cleavages in the extracellular domain of receptor tyrosine kinases by membrane-associated serine proteases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56490-56505. [PMID: 28915606 PMCID: PMC5593577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial extracellular membrane-associated serine proteases matriptase, hepsin, and prostasin are proteolytic modifying enzymes of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Matriptase also cleaves the ECD of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the angiopoietin receptor Tie2. In this study we tested the hypothesis that these serine proteases may cleave the ECD of additional receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). We co-expressed the proteases in an epithelial cell line with Her2, Her3, Her4, insulin receptor (INSR), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-1R), the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) α and β, or nerve growth factor receptor A (TrkA). Western blot analysis was performed to detect the carboxyl-terminal fragments (CTFs) of the RTKs. Matriptase and hepsin were found to cleave the ECD of all RTKs tested, while TMPRSS6/matriptase-2 cleaves the ECD of Her4, INSR, and PDGFR α and β. Prostasin was able to cleave the ECD of Her3 and PDGFRα. Matriptase cleaves phosphorylated Her2 at Arg558 and Arg599 and the Arg599 cleavage produces a CTF not recognized by the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab/Herceptin. Her2 cleavages by matriptase can be inhibited by the hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 1 (HAI-1) in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Matriptase silencing in the Her2, matriptase, and HAI-1 triple-positive SKBR3 human breast cancer cells enhanced Her2 protein down-regulation induced by a sustained exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which down-regulated matriptase protein. The novel Her2 cleavage and expression regulation mechanisms mediated by matriptase may have potential impacts in Her2-targeting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Chen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Research, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| | - Karl X Chai
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cancer Research, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32816-2364, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Jernström S, Hongisto V, Leivonen SK, Due EU, Tadele DS, Edgren H, Kallioniemi O, Perälä M, Mælandsmo GM, Sahlberg KK. Drug-screening and genomic analyses of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines reveal predictors for treatment response. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:185-198. [PMID: 28356768 PMCID: PMC5367762 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Approximately 15%–20% of all diagnosed breast cancers are characterized by amplified and overexpressed HER2 (= ErbB2). These breast cancers are aggressive and have a poor prognosis. Although improvements in treatment have been achieved after the introduction of trastuzumab and lapatinib, many patients do not benefit from these drugs. Therefore, in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the treatment responses is essential to find alternative therapeutic strategies. Materials and methods Thirteen HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines were screened with 22 commercially available compounds, mainly targeting proteins in the ErbB2-signaling pathway, and molecular mechanisms related to treatment sensitivity were sought. Cell viability was measured, and treatment responses between the cell lines were compared. To search for response predictors and genomic and transcriptomic profiling, PIK3CA mutations and PTEN status were explored and molecular features associated with drug sensitivity sought. Results The cell lines were divided into three groups according to the growth-retarding effect induced by trastuzumab and lapatinib. Interestingly, two cell lines insensitive to trastuzumab (KPL4 and SUM190PT) showed sensitivity to an Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor. These cell lines had mutation in PIK3CA and loss of PTEN, suggesting an activated and druggable Akt-signaling pathway. Expression levels of five genes (CDC42, MAPK8, PLCG1, PTK6, and PAK6) were suggested as predictors for the Akt1/2 kinase-inhibitor response. Conclusion Targeting the Akt-signaling pathway shows promise in cell lines that do not respond to trastuzumab. In addition, our results indicate that several molecular features determine the growth-retarding effects induced by the drugs, suggesting that parameters other than HER2 amplification/expression should be included as markers for therapy decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jernström
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital; KG Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital; KG Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eldri Undlien Due
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital
| | - Dagim Shiferaw Tadele
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital
| | - Henrik Edgren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki; Medisapiens, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki
| | - Merja Perälä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- KG Jebsen Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø
| | - Kristine Kleivi Sahlberg
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital; Department of Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Neratinib resistance and cross-resistance to other HER2-targeted drugs due to increased activity of metabolism enzyme cytochrome P4503A4. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:620-625. [PMID: 28152547 PMCID: PMC5344284 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neratinib is in Phase 3 clinical trials but, unfortunately, the development of resistance is inevitable. Here, we investigated the effects of acquired neratinib resistance on cellular phenotype and the potential mechanism of this resistance. Methods: Neratinib-resistant variants of HER2-positive breast cancer cells were developed and their cross-resistance investigated using cytotoxicity assays. Similarly, sensitivity of trastuzumab-resistant and lapatinib-resistant cells to neratinib was assessed. Cellular phenotype changes were evaluated using migration, invasion and anoikis assays. Immunoblotting for HER family members and drug efflux pumps, as well as enzyme activity assays were performed. Results: Neratinib resistance conferred cross-resistance to trastuzumab, lapatinib and afatinib. Furthermore, the efficacy of neratinib was reduced in trastuzumab- and lapatinib-resistant cells. Neratinib-resistant cells were more aggressive than their drug-sensitive counterparts, with increased CYP3A4 activity identified as a novel mechanism of neratinib resistance. Conclusions: The potential of increased CYP3A4 activity as a biomarker and/or target to add value to neratinib warrants investigation.
Collapse
|
79
|
Huynh FC, Nguyen D, Jones FE. Trastuzumab stimulation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) predicts de novo trastuzumab resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:739-744. [PMID: 27993682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease with at least five different molecular subtypes identified. The breast tumor molecular subtypes guide stratification of patients for specific targeted therapy regimens and each subtype is associated with significantly different patient outcomes. For example, patients with the HER2 positive molecular subtype benefit from the HER2 targeted therapy trastuzumab. Unfortunately, women with the HER2 positive molecular subtype have the worst overall prognosis and nearly 70% of women with HER2 positive breast cancer exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to trastuzumab. Identification of tumor markers predicting trastuzumab response can be used to further stratify patients for life-saving personalized therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to identify clinically useful tumor markers predicting de novo tumor cell resistance to trastuzumab treatment. To identify oncogenic signaling pathways activated in response to trastuzumab treatment, we performed a Human Phospho-Kinase Proteome Profiler Array analysis comparing trastuzumab sensitive MCF-7/HER2.2 and trastuzumab resistant MCF-7/HER2Δ16H cells following acute treatment with 20 μg/ml of trastuzumab for 2 h. We found that of the 43 phosphorylation activated human kinases represented on the array, S6K1 was the only kinase altered greater than 1.5-fold in response to trastuzumab treatment of the trastuzumab resistant MCF-7/HER2Δ16H cells. Trastuzumab activation of S6K1 was confirmed in the two trastuzumab resistant SUM190 and SUM225 cell lines. Significantly, trastuzumab failed to stimulate S6K1 activation in the trastuzumab sensitive MCF-7/HER2.2, BT474, and SKBR3 cell lines suggesting that trastuzumab activation of S6K1 is a tumor cell marker for trastuzumab resistance. Consistent with a role for mTORC1/S6K1 signaling promoting trastuzumab resistance, all cell lines were sensitive to S6K1 inactivation with significant growth inhibition following treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, characterizing rapid trastuzumab induced molecular alterations resulted in the identification of activated S6K1 as an early breast tumor cell marker for trastuzumab resistance. Our results further suggest that trastuzumab resistant breast tumor cells are addicted to mTORC1/S6K1 oncogenic signaling and targeting mTORC1 with rapamycin reverses trastuzumab resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia C Huynh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Frank E Jones
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Laforest R, Lapi SE, Oyama R, Bose R, Tabchy A, Marquez-Nostra BV, Burkemper J, Wright BD, Frye J, Frye S, Siegel BA, Dehdashti F. [ 89Zr]Trastuzumab: Evaluation of Radiation Dosimetry, Safety, and Optimal Imaging Parameters in Women with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:952-959. [PMID: 27146421 PMCID: PMC5096950 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study is to evaluate safety, human radiation dosimetry, and optimal imaging time of [89Zr]trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. PROCEDURES Twelve women with HER2-positive breast cancer underwent [89Zr]trastuzumab positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) twice within 7 days post-injection. Biodistribution data from whole-torso PET/CT images and organ time-activity curves were created using data from all patients. Human dosimetry was calculated using OLINDA with the adult female model. RESULTS High-quality images and the greatest tumor-to-nontumor contrast were achieved with images performed 5 ± 1 day post-injection. Increased [89Zr]trastuzumab uptake was seen in at least one known lesion in ten patients. The liver was the dose-limiting organ (retention of ∼12 % of the injected dose and average dose of 1.54 mSv/MBq). The effective dose was 0.47 mSv/MBq. No adverse effects of [89Zr]trastuzumab were encountered. CONCLUSION [89Zr]trastuzumab was safe and optimally imaged at least 4 days post-injection. The liver was the dose-limiting organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Laforest
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- The Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reiko Oyama
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ron Bose
- The Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adel Tabchy
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernadette V Marquez-Nostra
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Burkemper
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian D Wright
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Frye
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Frye
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Barry A Siegel
- The Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Farrokh Dehdashti
- The Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Nemeth BT, Varga ZV, Wu WJ, Pacher P. Trastuzumab cardiotoxicity: from clinical trials to experimental studies. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:3727-3748. [PMID: 27714776 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) is overexpressed in 20 to 25% of human breast cancers, which is associated with aggressive tumour growth and poor prognosis. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against HER-2, the first highly selective form of therapy targeting HER-2 overexpressing tumours. Although initial trials indicated high efficacy and a favourable safety profile of the drug, the first large, randomized trial prompted a retrospective analysis of cardiac dysfunction in earlier trials utilizing trastuzumab. There has been ongoing debate on the cardiac safety of trastuzumab ever since, initiating numerous clinical and preclinical investigations to better understand the background of trastuzumab cardiotoxicity and evaluate its effects on patient morbidity. Here, we have given a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on the cardiotoxicity of trastuzumab, primarily focusing on data from clinical trials and highlighting the main molecular mechanisms proposed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balazs T Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Soleja M, Rimawi MF. Metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: Management, challenges, and future directions. Curr Probl Cancer 2016; 40:117-129. [PMID: 27839746 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HER2 is over-expressed or amplified in 15-20% of breast cancer. Significant progress has been made in the treatment of metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. This is largely due to successful targeting of the HER2 pathway. There are several approved agents in the metastatic setting. However, treatment resistance frequently develops and tumors eventually progress. In recent years, our understanding of mechanisms of resistance has evolved. It is generally accepted now that HER2-positive breast cancer is not one disease. New therapeutic strategies and a tailored approach to management are necessary to maximize patient outcomes and minimize toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Soleja
- Department of Medicine, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
| | - Mothaffar F Rimawi
- Department of Medicine, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Biomarkers for the identification of recurrence in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer patients. Curr Opin Oncol 2016; 28:476-483. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
84
|
Reix N, Malina C, Chenard MP, Bellocq JP, Delpous S, Molière S, Sevrin A, Neuberger K, Tomasetto C, Mathelin C. A prospective study to assess the clinical utility of serum HER2 extracellular domain in breast cancer with HER2 overexpression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 160:249-259. [PMID: 27709352 PMCID: PMC5065601 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose We explored the clinical utility of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 extracellular domain (HER2/ECD) in patients treated for an invasive breast cancer with HER2 overexpression. Methods We prospectively studied HER2/ECD levels in the sera of 334 women included between 2007 and 2014, all treated with trastuzumab. HER2/ECD levels were measured at diagnosis, during treatments, and along the follow-up. We investigated the relationship of HER2/ECD with other clinicopathological parameters at diagnosis, its prognosis value, and its utility during the monitoring of a neoadjuvant treatment and the follow-up. Results Elevated HER2/ECD at diagnosis correlated positively with parameters associated with tumor aggressiveness. Disease-free survival of non-metastatic patients was significantly shorter in patients with high HER2/ECD at diagnosis (HR = 13.6, 95 % CI 1.6–113.6, P < 0.0001). Progression-free survival of metastatic patients was better for patients with low HER2/ECD (HR = 2.6, 95 % CI 1.2–5.3, P = 0.033). A multivariate analysis revealed that HER2/ECD level at diagnosis was an independent prognosis factor. During neoadjuvant therapy, a significant decrease in HER2/ECD was reported only for the complete histological response group (P = 0.031). During the follow-up, HER2/ECD helped predict relapse, disease progression, and metastases before imaging in 18.6 % cases of the studied cohort. Conclusions HER2/ECD is a prognosis factor that is valuable in evaluating the neoadjuvant treatment efficiency. HER2/ECD also appears to be a helpful surveillance biomarker for the early diagnosis of relapses and to predict the fate of metastases. This study brings evidences to support the use of HER2/ECD in the management of HER2-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Reix
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France. .,Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Charlotte Malina
- Unité de Sénologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- Service de Pathologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bellocq
- Service de Pathologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Delpous
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sébastien Molière
- Department of Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Tomasetto
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Carole Mathelin
- Unité de Sénologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
de Melo Gagliato D, Leonardo Fontes Jardim D, Marchesi MSP, Hortobagyi GN. Mechanisms of resistance and sensitivity to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2+ breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:64431-64446. [PMID: 26824988 PMCID: PMC5325455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is a highly prevalent disease. A woman living in the United States has a 12.3% lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer [1]. It is the most common female cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in women [2]. Of note, amplification or overexpression of Human Epidermal Receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene is present in approximately 18 to 20% of primary invasive breast cancers, and until personalized therapy became available for this specific BC subtype, the worst rates of Overall Survival (OS) and Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS) were observed in the HER2+ BC cohort, compared to all other types, including triple negative BC (TNBC) [3].HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Other family members include EGFR or HER1, HER3 and HER4. HER2 can form heterodimers with any of the other three receptors, and is considered to be the preferred dimerization partner of the other HER or ErbB receptors [4]. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic domain is the result of receptor dimerization and culminates into initiation of a variety of signalling pathways involved in cellular proliferation, transcription, motility and apoptosis inhibition [5].In addition to being an important prognostic factor in women diagnosed with BC, HER2 overexpression also identifies those patients who benefit from treatment with agents that target HER2, such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and small molecules tyrosine kinase inhibitors of HER2 [6, 11, 127].In fact, trastuzumab altered the natural history of patients diagnosed with HER2+ BC, both in early and metastatic disease setting, in a major way [8-10]. Nevertheless, there are many women that will eventually develop metastatic disease, despite being treated with anti-HER2 therapy in the early disease setting. Moreover, advanced tumors may reach a point where no anti-HER2 treatment will achieve disease control, including recently approved drugs, such as T-DM1.This review paper will concentrate on major biological pathways that ultimately lead to resistance to anti-HER2 therapies in BC, summarizing their mechanisms. Strategies to overcome this resistance, and the rationale involved in each tactics to revert this scenario will be presented to the reader.
Collapse
|
86
|
Fusco N, Bosari S. HER2 aberrations and heterogeneity in cancers of the digestive system: Implications for pathologists and gastroenterologists. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7926-7937. [PMID: 27672288 PMCID: PMC5028807 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i35.7926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of cancers of the digestive system has progressed rapidly into the molecular era. Despite the significant recent achievements in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients, the number of deaths for these tumors has currently plateaued. Many investigations have assessed the role of HER2 in tumors of the digestive system in both prognostic and therapeutic settings, with heterogeneous results. Novel testing and treatment guidelines are emerging, in particular in gastric and colorectal cancers. However, further advances are needed. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-knowledge of HER2 alterations in the most common tumors of the digestive system and discuss the operational implications of HER2 testing.
Collapse
|
87
|
Kim JY, Cho Y, Oh E, Lee N, An H, Sung D, Cho TM, Seo JH. Disulfiram targets cancer stem-like properties and the HER2/Akt signaling pathway in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
88
|
Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Assi HI, Assi RE, El Saghir NS. Emerging Biomarkers of the Future: Changing Clinical Practice for 2020. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-016-0214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
90
|
Ha JR, Siegel PM, Ursini-Siegel J. The Tyrosine Kinome Dictates Breast Cancer Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Responsiveness. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1971-90. [PMID: 27392311 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phospho-tyrosine signaling networks control numerous biological processes including cellular differentiation, cell growth and survival, motility, and invasion. Aberrant regulation of the tyrosine kinome is a hallmark of malignancy and influences all stages of breast cancer progression, from initiation to the development of metastatic disease. The success of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors strongly validates the clinical relevance of tyrosine phosphorylation networks in breast cancer pathology. However, a significant degree of redundancy exists within the tyrosine kinome. Numerous receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases converge on a core set of signaling regulators, including adaptor proteins and tyrosine phosphatases, to amplify pro-tumorigenic signal transduction pathways. Mutational activation, amplification, or overexpression of one or more components of the tyrosine kinome represents key contributing events responsible for the tumor heterogeneity that is observed in breast cancers. It is this molecular heterogeneity that has become the most significant barrier to durable clinical responses due to the development of therapeutic resistance. This review focuses on recent literature that supports a prominent role for specific components of the tyrosine kinome in the emergence of unique breast cancer subtypes and in shaping breast cancer plasticity, sensitivity to targeted therapies, and the eventual emergence of acquired resistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1971-1990, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Ha
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Büttner R, Berndt A, Valkova C, Richter P, Korn A, Kosan C, Liebmann C. Myofibroblasts have an impact on expression, dimerization and signaling of different ErbB receptors in OSCC cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:25-37. [PMID: 27051967 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptors of the ErbB family belong to the key players in cancer development and are targets of several therapeutic approaches. Their functional dependency on the tumor microenvironment, especially on CAFs is albeit still poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of CAF secretome on ErbB receptor expression and signaling behavior in OSCC. METHODS Stimulation of PE/CA-PJ15 OSCC cells with conditioned media of TGF-β1-activated fibroblasts was used as model system for CAF to cancer cell communication. Thereby costimulation with inhibitors against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3-K), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) or knockdown of Her3 by siRNA was utilized for detailed investigation of the expression, dimerization and signaling pattern of ErbB in western blot and coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS Our results show that soluble factors in activated fibroblast secretome stimulate metalloproteinase activity in the membrane of cancer cells. Thereby ligands are released that activate EGFR and subsequently upregulates EGFR expression via the STAT3 pathway. Simultaneously, the expression of PKCɛ was enhanced via a PI3-kinase/Akt-mediated pathway and a negative feedback regulation loop on EGFR downstream signaling generated. Furthermore, the activated fibroblasts secretome stimulated the highly oncogenic hetero-dimerization between HER3 and p95HER2. That protein association is inversely dependent on the expression level of HER3. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the activated fibroblasts secretome can induce a counterbalanced regulation of protein expression, downstream signaling and the dimerization patterns of different ErbB receptor subtypes in the cancer cell. Thus, the combinatorial targeting of CAFs and selective ErbB receptor subtype inhibitors may provide a useful approach in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Büttner
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Alexander Berndt
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Christina Valkova
- b Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute , >Jena > , Germany
| | - Petra Richter
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany , and
| | - Alexander Korn
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,d Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University Hospital , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Christian Kosan
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Claus Liebmann
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Luque-Cabal M, García-Teijido P, Fernández-Pérez Y, Sánchez-Lorenzo L, Palacio-Vázquez I. Mechanisms Behind the Resistance to Trastuzumab in HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer and Strategies to Overcome It. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2016; 10:21-30. [PMID: 27042153 PMCID: PMC4811269 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s34537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of trastuzumab therapy markedly improved the poor prognosis associated with HER2-amplified breast cancers. Despite this, the presence of primary and acquired resistance to trastuzumab treatment remains a significant common challenge. The identification of resistance mechanisms and the incorporation of new drugs that achieve a better blockade of HER family receptors signaling have resulted in improved outcomes. The phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, cross-talk with estrogen receptors, immune response, cell cycle control mechanisms, and other tyrosine kinase receptors such as insulin-like growth factor I receptor are potential pathways involved in trastuzumab resistance. Different therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways are currently under evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Luque-Cabal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Fernández-Pérez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Luisa Sánchez-Lorenzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Isabel Palacio-Vázquez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Gollamudi J, Parvani JG, Schiemann WP, Vinayak S. Neoadjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer: the clinical utility of pertuzumab. Cancer Manag Res 2016; 8:21-31. [PMID: 26937204 PMCID: PMC4762586 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s55279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of breast cancer patients harbor tumors that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; also known as ErbB2), a receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. HER2 amplification and hyperactivation drive the growth and survival of breast cancers through the aberrant activation of proto-oncogenic signaling systems, particularly the Ras/MAP kinase and PI3K/AKT pathways. Although HER2-positive (HER2(+)) breast cancer was originally considered to be a highly aggressive form of the disease, the clinical landscape of HER2(+) breast cancers has literally been transformed by the approval of anti-HER2 agents for adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. Indeed, pertuzumab is a novel monoclonal antibody that functions as an anti-HER2 agent by targeting the extracellular dimerization domain of the HER2 receptor; it is also the first drug to receive an accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in neoadjuvant settings in early-stage HER2(+) breast cancer. Here, we review the molecular and cellular factors that contribute to the pathophysiology of HER2 in breast cancer, as well as summarize the landmark preclinical and clinical findings underlying the approval and use of pertuzumab in the neoadjuvant setting. Finally, the molecular mechanisms operant in mediating resistance to anti-HER2 agents, and perhaps to pertuzumab as well, will be discussed, as will the anticipated clinical impact and future directions of pertuzumab in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi Gollamudi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jenny G Parvani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shaveta Vinayak
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Inoue K, Fry EA. Aberrant Splicing of Estrogen Receptor, HER2, and CD44 Genes in Breast Cancer. GENETICS & EPIGENETICS 2015; 7:19-32. [PMID: 26692764 PMCID: PMC4669075 DOI: 10.4137/geg.s35500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women under the age of 50 years. Established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors (estrogen receptor [ER]/progesterone receptor) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), play significant roles in the selection of patients for endocrine and trastuzumab therapies. However, the initial treatment response is often followed by tumor relapse with intrinsic resistance to the first-line therapy, so it has been expected to identify novel molecular markers to improve the survival and quality of life of patients. Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNAs is a ubiquitous and flexible mechanism for the control of gene expression in mammalian cells. It provides cells with the opportunity to create protein isoforms with different, even opposing, functions from a single genomic locus. Aberrant alternative splicing is very common in cancer where emerging tumor cells take advantage of this flexibility to produce proteins that promote cell growth and survival. While a number of splicing alterations have been reported in human cancers, we focus on aberrant splicing of ER, HER2, and CD44 genes from the viewpoint of BC development. ERα36, a splice variant from the ER1 locus, governs nongenomic membrane signaling pathways triggered by estrogen and confers 4-hydroxytamoxifen resistance in BC therapy. The alternative spliced isoform of HER2 lacking exon 20 (Δ16HER2) has been reported in human BC; this isoform is associated with transforming ability than the wild-type HER2 and recapitulates the phenotypes of endocrine therapy-resistant BC. Although both CD44 splice isoforms (CD44s, CD44v) play essential roles in BC development, CD44v is more associated with those with favorable prognosis, such as luminal A subtype, while CD44s is linked to those with poor prognosis, such as HER2 or basal cell subtypes that are often metastatic. Hence, the detection of splice variants from these loci will provide keys to understand the pathogenesis, predict the prognosis, and choose specific therapies for BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates a HER2-Associated Lipogenic Phenotype, Induces Apoptosis, and Increases Trastuzumab Action in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:838652. [PMID: 26640797 PMCID: PMC4659962 DOI: 10.1155/2015/838652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, lipid metabolic alterations have been recognized as potential oncogenic stimuli that may promote malignancy. To investigate whether the oncogenic nature of lipogenesis closely depends on the overexpression of HER2 protooncogene, the normal breast cell line, HB4a, was transfected with HER2 cDNA to obtain HER2-overexpressing HB4aC5.2 cells. Both cell lines were treated with trastuzumab and docosahexaenoic acid. HER2 overexpression was accompanied by an increase in the expression of lipogenic genes involved in uptake (CD36), transport (FABP4), and storage (DGAT) of exogenous fatty acids (FA), as well as increased activation of “de novo” FA synthesis (FASN). We further investigate whether this lipogenesis reprogramming might be regulated by mTOR/PPARγ pathway. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway markers, p70S6 K1, SREBP1, and LIPIN1, as well as an increase in DEPTOR expression (the main inhibitor of the mTOR) was detected in HB4aC5.2. Based on these results, a PPARγ selective antagonist, GW9662, was used to treat both cells lines, and the lipogenic genes remained overexpressed in the HB4aC5.2 but not HB4a cells. DHA treatment inhibited all lipogenic genes (except for FABP4) in both cell lines yet only induced death in the HB4aC5.2 cells, mainly when associated with trastuzumab. Neither trastuzumab nor GW9662 alone was able to induce cell death. In conclusion, oncogenic transformation of breast cells by HER2 overexpression may require a reprogramming of lipogenic genetic that is independent of mTORC1 pathway and PPARγ activity. This reprogramming was inhibited by DHA.
Collapse
|
96
|
Advani P, Cornell L, Chumsri S, Moreno-Aspitia A. Dual HER2 blockade in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2015; 7:321-35. [PMID: 26451122 PMCID: PMC4590321 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s90627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor that is overexpressed on the surface of 15%–20% of breast tumors and has been associated with poor prognosis. Consistently improved pathologic response and survival rates have been demonstrated with use of trastuzumab in combination with standard chemotherapy in both early and advanced breast cancer. However, resistance to trastuzumab may pose a major problem in the effective treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Dual HER2 blockade, using agents that work in a complimentary fashion to trastuzumab, has more recently been explored to evade resistance in both the preoperative (neoadjuvant) and adjuvant settings. Increased effectiveness of dual anti-HER2 agents over single blockade has been recently reported in clinical studies. Pertuzumab in combination with trastuzumab and taxane is currently approved in the metastatic and neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Various biomarkers have also been investigated to identify subsets of patients with HER2-positive tumors who would likely respond best to these targeted therapy combinations. In this article, available trial data regarding efficacy and toxicity of treatment with combination HER2 agents in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting have been reviewed, and relevant correlative biomarker data from these trials have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Advani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Lauren Cornell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Abstract
HER2 (ErbB2), a member of the HER family of tyrosine kinase receptors (HER1-4), is a major driver of tumor growth in 20% of breast cancers. Treatment with the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has revolutionized the outcome of patients with this aggressive breast cancer subtype, but intrinsic and acquired resistance is common. Growing understanding of the biology and complexity of the HER2 signaling network and of potential resistance mechanisms has guided the development of new HER2-targeted agents. Combinations of these drugs to more completely inhibit the HER receptor layer, or combining HER2-targeted agents with agents that target downstream signaling, alternative pathways, or components of the host immune system, are being vigorously investigated in the preclinical and clinical settings. As a result, the list of more effective and well tolerated FDA-approved new regimens for patients with HER2+ tumors is constantly growing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mothaffar F Rimawi
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030; , ,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Sun Z, Shi Y, Shen Y, Cao L, Zhang W, Guan X. Analysis of different HER-2 mutations in breast cancer progression and drug resistance. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2691-701. [PMID: 26305917 PMCID: PMC4687700 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last two decades have identified that amplified human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER‐2; c‐erbB‐2, neu) and its overexpression have been frequently implicated in the carcinogenesis and prognosis in a variety of solid tumours, especially breast cancer. Lots of painstaking efforts were invested on the HER‐2 targeted agents, and significantly improved outcome and prolonged the survival of patients. However, some patients classified as ‘HER‐2‐positive’ would be still resistant to the anti‐HER‐2 therapy. Various mechanisms of drug resistance have been illustrated and the alteration of HER‐2 was considered as a crucial mechanism. However, systematic researches in regard to the HER‐2 mutations and variants are still inadequate. Notably, the alterations of HER‐2 play an important role in drug resistance, but also have a potential association with the cancer risk. In this review, we summarize the possible mutations and focus on HER‐2 variants’ role in breast cancer tumourigenesis. Additionally, the alteration of HER‐2, as a potential mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab, is discussed here. We hope that HER‐2 related activating mutations could potentially offer more therapeutic opportunities to a broader range of patients than previously classified as HER‐2 overexpressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijia Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Guarneri V, Dieci MV, Frassoldati A, Maiorana A, Ficarra G, Bettelli S, Tagliafico E, Bicciato S, Generali DG, Cagossi K, Bisagni G, Sarti S, Musolino A, Ellis C, Crescenzo R, Conte P. Prospective Biomarker Analysis of the Randomized CHER-LOB Study Evaluating the Dual Anti-HER2 Treatment With Trastuzumab and Lapatinib Plus Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Oncologist 2015; 20:1001-10. [PMID: 26245675 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CHER-LOB randomized phase II study showed that the combination of lapatinib and trastuzumab plus chemotherapy increases the pathologic complete remission (pCR) rate compared with chemotherapy plus either trastuzumab or lapatinib. A biomarker program was prospectively planned to identify potential predictors of sensitivity to different treatments and to evaluate treatment effect on tumor biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 121 breast cancer patients positive for human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) were randomly assigned to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both trastuzumab and lapatinib. Pre- and post-treatment samples were centrally evaluated for HER2, p95-HER2, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), phosphatase and tensin homolog, Ki67, apoptosis, and PIK3CA mutations. Fresh-frozen tissue samples were collected for genomic analyses. RESULTS A mutation in PIK3CA exon 20 or 9 was documented in 20% of cases. Overall, the pCR rates were similar in PIK3CA wild-type and PIK3CA-mutated patients (33.3% vs. 22.7%; p = .323). For patients receiving trastuzumab plus lapatinib, the probability of pCR was higher in PIK3CA wild-type tumors (48.4% vs. 12.5%; p = .06). Ki67, pAKT, and apoptosis measured on the residual disease were significantly reduced from baseline. The degree of Ki67 inhibition was significantly higher in patients receiving the dual anti-HER2 blockade. The integrated analysis of gene expression and copy number data demonstrated that a 50-gene signature specifically predicted the lapatinib-induced pCR. CONCLUSION PIK3CA mutations seem to identify patients who are less likely to benefit from dual anti-HER2 inhibition. p95-HER2 and markers of phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway deregulation are not confirmed as markers of different sensitivity to trastuzumab or lapatinib. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE HER2 is currently the only validated marker to select breast cancer patients for anti-HER2 treatment; however, it is becoming evident that HER2-positive breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. In addition, more and more new anti-HER2 treatments are becoming available. There is a need to identify markers of sensitivity to different treatments to move in the direction of treatment personalization. This study identified PIK3CA mutations as a potential predictive marker of resistance to dual anti-HER2 treatment that should be further studied in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonio Frassoldati
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guido Ficarra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefania Bettelli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniele Giulio Generali
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katia Cagossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Giancarlo Bisagni
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samanta Sarti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonino Musolino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Ellis
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rocco Crescenzo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - PierFranco Conte
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padua, Italy; Division of Oncology, University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy; Division of Pathology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Unità Operativa Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Ramazzini Hospital, Carpi, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera ASMN, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital, Parma, Italy; GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Chen MK, Hung MC. Proteolytic cleavage, trafficking, and functions of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinases. FEBS J 2015; 282:3693-721. [PMID: 26096795 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular localization has been reported for over three-quarters of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families in response to environmental stimuli. Internalized RTK may bind to non-canonical substrates and affect various cellular processes. Many of the intracellular RTKs exist as fragmented forms that are generated by γ-secretase cleavage of the full-length receptor, shedding, alternative splicing, or alternative translation initiation. Soluble RTK fragments are stabilized and intracellularly transported into subcellular compartments, such as the nucleus, by binding to chaperone or transcription factors, while membrane-bound RTKs (full-length or truncated) are transported from the plasma membrane to the ER through the well-established Rab- or clathrin adaptor protein-coated vesicle retrograde trafficking pathways. Subsequent nuclear transport of membrane-bound RTK may occur via two pathways, INFS or INTERNET, with the former characterized by release of receptors from the ER into the cytosol and the latter characterized by release of membrane-bound receptor from the ER into the nucleoplasm through the inner nuclear membrane. Although most non-canonical intracellular RTK signaling is related to transcriptional regulation, there may be other functions that have yet to be discovered. In this review, we summarize the proteolytic processing, intracellular trafficking and nuclear functions of RTKs, and discuss how they promote cancer progression, and their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Chen
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|