51
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Pan Z, Tian Y, Niu G, Cao C. Role of microRNAs in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 56:407-416. [PMID: 31894326 PMCID: PMC6959460 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that are known to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miRNA expression is often deregulated in several human cancers, affecting the communication between tumor stroma and tumor cells, among other functions. Understanding the role of miRNAs in the tumor microenvironment is crucial for fully elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor progression and exploring novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The present review focused on the role of miRNAs in remodeling the tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on their impact on tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to treatment, as well as their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoji Pan
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Tian
- Xinyi People's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221400, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Niu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Chengsong Cao
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
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52
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Xu SJ, Hu HT, Li HL, Chang S. The Role of miRNAs in Immune Cell Development, Immune Cell Activation, and Tumor Immunity: With a Focus on Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101140. [PMID: 31554344 PMCID: PMC6829453 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the primary arena where tumor cells and the host immune system interact. Bidirectional communication between tumor cells and the associated stromal cell types within the TME influences disease initiation and progression, as well as tumor immunity. Macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells are crucial components of the stromal compartment and display either pro- or anti-tumor properties, depending on the expression of key regulators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as such regulators. They affect several immune cell functions closely related to tumor evasion of the immune system. This review discusses the role of miRNAs in the differentiation, maturation, and activation of immune cells as well as tumor immunity, focusing particularly on macrophages and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Jun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Hong Tao Hu
- Department of Minimal Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Hai Liang Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
- Department of Minimal Invasive Intervention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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53
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Niu X, Schulert GS. Functional Regulation of Macrophage Phenotypes by MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2217. [PMID: 31572403 PMCID: PMC6753331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) exhibit the shared feature of changes in activation and polarization of circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages. Numerous microRNAs (miRs) have been found to have key functions in regulating inflammation and macrophage polarization. Although there is increasing interest in the roles of miRs in both RA and JIA, less is known regarding how miRs relate to functional properties of immune cells, including monocytes and macrophages. Interestingly, miRs can function both to promote inflammatory phenotypes and pro-inflammatory polarization, as well as through negative-feedback loops to limit inflammation. Here, we review the functional roles of several miRs in macrophages in inflammatory arthritis, with a particular focus on vivo effects of miR alteration in experimental arthritis. We also consider how current efforts to target miRs clinically could modify functional monocyte and macrophage polarization in vivo, and serve as novel therapies for diseases such as RA and JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Niu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, The Children's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Pudong, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Grant S Schulert
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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54
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Zhang Y, Xie ZY, Guo XT, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Notch and breast cancer metastasis: Current knowledge, new sights and targeted therapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2743-2755. [PMID: 31452752 PMCID: PMC6704289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of invasive cancer in females and metastasis is one of the major causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. Following detachment from the primary site, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) enter the bloodstream and establish secondary colonies during the metastatic process. An increasing amount of studies have elucidated the importance of Notch signaling in breast cancer metastasis; therefore, the present review focuses on the mechanisms by which Notch contributes to the occurrence of breast cancer DTCs, increases their motility, establishes interactions with the tumor microenvironment, protects DTCs from host surveillance and finally facilitates secondary colonization. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of Notch-associated breast cancer metastasis will provide additional insights that may contribute towards the development of novel Notch-targeted therapeutic strategies, which may aid in reducing metastasis, culminating in an improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yan Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Tong Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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55
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Yin D, Wang W, Han W, Fan C. Targeting Notch-activated M1 macrophages attenuate lung tissue damage in a rat model of ventilator induced lung injury. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1388-1398. [PMID: 31432103 PMCID: PMC6713421 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) may be involved in the activation of alveolar macrophages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Notch signaling pathway and macrophage polarization in VILI. The VILI model was established using rats. Hematoxylineosin staining was used to test the lung tissue morphology. Bicinchoninic acid assay and ELISA were performed to detect protein and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), respectively. The ratio of alveolar M1 and M2 macrophages was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch pathway-related proteins were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The present study found that high-frequency mechanical ventilation could cause pulmonary edema and increase the levels of protein, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF while decreasing the level of IL-10 in BALF. High-frequency mechanical ventilation also induced polarization of alveolar macrophages to M1. The results also showed a significant increase in the levels of Notch pathway-related proteins including notch intracellular domain, Hes1, Hes5 and Hey1. Injection of N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenylacetyl)-1-alanyl] phenylglycine t-butyl ester could inhibit the Notch pathway and such an inhibition protected lung tissue and reduced lung inflammation caused by mechanical ventilation. After the Notch pathway was inhibited, the level of M1 polarization of macrophages caused by high-frequency mechanical ventilation was reduced. VILI caused pulmonary inflammation and macrophages to polarize to M1 and upregulated the expression levels of Notch pathway-related proteins. The inhibition of Notch pathway also reduced the proportion of M1 macrophages and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Yin
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, No. 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Electrocardiogram Room, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Training, No. 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Chen Fan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, No. 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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56
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Wang Y, Chen C, Xu XD, Li H, Cheng MH, Liu J, Tang LJ. Levels of miR-125a-5p are altered in Mycobacterium avium-infected macrophages and associate with the triggering of an autophagic response. Microbes Infect 2019; 22:31-39. [PMID: 31349052 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are major pathogen-killing cells. Mycobacteria can represent a serious threat to human health, in particular Mycobacterium tuberculosis and, less so, the opportunistic Mycobacterium avium. They can cause disseminated infections because of their capacity to survive and proliferate within macrophage phagolysosomes. Accumulating evidence indicates that the regulation of miRNA expression is implicated in the mechanisms of defense of macrophages against mycobacterial infections. Nevertheless, the precise contribution of miRNAs is largely unknown. The present study analyzes the expression profile of miRNAs during M. avium infection of macrophages by means of microarrays. We detected that the levels of 23 miRNAs were significantly changed ≥2.5-fold 24 h after M. avium infection. In particular, MiR-125a-5p was found to be highly expressed as part of the known immunological response of macrophages to bacterial or viral infections. MiR-125a-5p overexpression inhibited the expression of target signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in THP-1 cells. Conversely, inhibitors of miR-125a-5p had the opposite effect. Silencing of STAT3 significantly enhanced the level of autophagy in both uninfected and M. avium-infected cells. Overexpression of miR-125a-5p significantly increased autophagy and decreased M. avium survival within THP-1 cells. Instead, co-transfection with miR-125a-5p mimic and a human STAT3 expressing construct reversed the effects: autophagy decreased and intracellular bactericidal survival was improved. Taken together, our findings indicate that miR-125a-5p participates in the regulation of innate host defenses by targeting STAT3 and enhancing autophagy levels. The results reported here contribute to a better understanding of host defense mechanisms against mycobacterial infections and offer some clues about their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cai Chen
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Xu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Cheng
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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57
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Zhang Q, Huang F, Yao Y, Wang J, Wei J, Wu Q, Xiang S, Xu L. Interaction of transforming growth factor-β-Smads/microRNA-362-3p/CD82 mediated by M2 macrophages promotes the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2507-2519. [PMID: 31215741 PMCID: PMC6676115 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tumor microenvironment and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) are important features of tumor metastasis. However, it remains unknown how signals can form complicated networks to regulate the sustainability of the EMT process. The aim of our study is to explore the possible interaction between tumor‐associated macrophages and tumor cells in the EMT process mediated by microRNA (miR)‐362‐3p. In this study, we found that by releasing TGF‐β, M2 macrophages mediate binding of Smad2/3 to miR‐362‐3p promoter, leading to overexpression of miR‐362‐3p. MicroRNA‐362‐3p maintains EMT by regulating CD82, one of the most important members of the family of tetraspanins. Our finding suggests that miR‐362‐3p can serve as a core factor mediating cross‐talk between the TGF‐β pathway in tumor‐associated macrophages and tetraspanins in tumor cells, and thus facilitates the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Jue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihao Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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58
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Ye YC, Zhao JL, Lu YT, Gao CC, Yang Y, Liang SQ, Lu YY, Wang L, Yue SQ, Dou KF, Qin HY, Han H. NOTCH Signaling via WNT Regulates the Proliferation of Alternative, CCR2-Independent Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4160-4172. [PMID: 31266773 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) play pivotal roles in tumor progression and metastasis, but the contribution and regulation of different macrophage populations remain unclear. Here we show that Notch signaling plays distinct roles in regulating different TAM subsets in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Myeloid-specific NOTCH blockade by conditional disruption of recombination signal binding protein Jκ (RBPj cKO) significantly delayed the growth of subcutaneously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), but accelerated orthotopically inoculated hepatic Hepa1-6 tumors in mice. In contrast to subcutaneous LLC, RBPj cKO significantly increased the number of TAMs in hepatic Hepa1-6 tumors despite impeded differentiation of monocyte-derived TAMs (moTAM). The dominating TAMs in orthotopic HCC manifested properties of Kupffer cells (KC) and hence are tentatively named KC-like TAMs (kclTAM). The increased proliferation of RBPj cKO kclTAMs was maintained even in Ccr2 -/- mice, in which moTAMs were genetically blocked. NOTCH signaling blockade accelerated proliferation of kclTAMs via enhanced β-catenin-dependent WNT signaling, which also downregulated IL12 and upregulated IL10 expression by kclTAMs likely through c-MYC. In addition, myeloid-specific RBPj cKO facilitated hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer but suppressed lung metastasis in mice, suggesting that the phenotype of RBPj cKO in promoting tumor growth was liver-specific. In patient-derived HCC biopsies, NOTCH signaling negatively correlated with WNT activation in CD68+ macrophages, which positively correlated with advanced HCC stages. Therefore, NOTCH blockade impedes the differentiation of moTAMs, but upregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling to promote the proliferation and protumor cytokine production of kclTAMs, facilitating HCC progression and hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings highlight the role of NOTCH and WNT signaling in regulating TAMs in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Qiang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Feng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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59
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MicroRNA-125a suppresses intestinal mucosal inflammation through targeting ETS-1 in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 101:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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60
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Wang JK, Wang Z, Li G. MicroRNA-125 in immunity and cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 454:134-145. [PMID: 30981762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a wide variety of critical roles in different biological processes by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. They access diverse regulatory pathways during various stages of cellular differentiation, growth, and apoptosis, and can contribute to both normal and diseased functions. One important family of miRNAs involved in these functions is the miR-125 family (miR-125a and miR-125b). Investigations have been made to increasingly uncover the mechanisms by which the miR-125 family regulates normal homeostasis and growth in a variety of cell types including immune cells, and how dysregulation of miR-125a and miR-125b can lead to disease pathogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about miR-125a and miR-125b, mainly focusing on their roles in immune cell development and function as well as tumor suppression and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Zhe Wang
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guideng Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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61
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Abstract
The Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors that play pivotal roles in many aspects of the immune response, including immune cell development and differentiation and regulating responses to pathogens. Three family members, IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7, are critical to production of type I interferons downstream of pathogen recognition receptors that detect viral RNA and DNA. A fourth family member, IRF9, regulates interferon-driven gene expression. In addition, IRF4, IRF8, and IRF5 regulate myeloid cell development and phenotype, thus playing important roles in regulating inflammatory responses. Thus, understanding how their levels and activity is regulated is of critical importance given that perturbations in either can result in dysregulated immune responses and potential autoimmune disease. This review will focus the role of IRF family members in regulating type I IFN production and responses and myeloid cell development or differentiation, with particular emphasis on how regulation of their levels and activity by ubiquitination and microRNAs may impact autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Jefferies
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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62
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Meurette O, Mehlen P. Notch Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:536-548. [PMID: 30146333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates many aspects of cancer biology. Most attention has been given to its role in the transformed cell. However, it is now clear that cancer progression and metastasis depend on the bidirectional interactions between cancer cells and their environment, forming the tumor microenvironment (TME). These interactions are mediated and constantly evolve through paracrine and juxtacrine signaling. In this review, we discuss how Notch signaling takes an important part in regulating the crosstalk between the different compartments of the TME. We also address the consequences of the Notch-TME involvement from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Meurette
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe Labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe Labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
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63
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Epigenetic and non-epigenetic functions of the RYBP protein in development and disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 174:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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64
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Colombo M, Mirandola L, Chiriva-Internati M, Basile A, Locati M, Lesma E, Chiaramonte R, Platonova N. Cancer Cells Exploit Notch Signaling to Redefine a Supportive Cytokine Milieu. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1823. [PMID: 30154786 PMCID: PMC6102368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is a well-known key player in the communication between adjacent cells during organ development, when it controls several processes involved in cell differentiation. Notch-mediated communication may occur through the interaction of Notch receptors with ligands on adjacent cells or by a paracrine/endocrine fashion, through soluble molecules that can mediate the communication between cells at distant sites. Dysregulation of Notch pathway causes a number of disorders, including cancer. Notch hyperactivation may be caused by mutations of Notch-related genes, dysregulated upstream pathways, or microenvironment signals. Cancer cells may exploit this aberrant signaling to "educate" the surrounding microenvironment cells toward a pro-tumoral behavior. This may occur because of key cytokines secreted by tumor cells or it may involve the microenvironment through the activation of Notch signaling in stromal cells, an event mediated by a direct cell-to-cell contact and resulting in the increased secretion of several pro-tumorigenic cytokines. Up to now, review articles were mainly focused on Notch contribution in a specific tumor context or immune cell populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview on the outcomes of Notch-mediated pathological interactions in different tumor settings and on the molecular and cellular mediators involved in this process. We describe how Notch dysregulation in cancer may alter the cytokine network and its outcomes on tumor progression and antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Kiromic Biopharma Inc., Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Andrea Basile
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elena Lesma
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Natalia Platonova
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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65
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Lin Y, Zhao JL, Zheng QJ, Jiang X, Tian J, Liang SQ, Guo HW, Qin HY, Liang YM, Han H. Notch Signaling Modulates Macrophage Polarization and Phagocytosis Through Direct Suppression of Signal Regulatory Protein α Expression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1744. [PMID: 30105024 PMCID: PMC6077186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway plays critical roles in the development and functional modulation of myeloid cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that Notch activation promotes M1 polarization and phagocytosis of macrophages; however, the downstream molecular mechanisms mediating Notch signal remain elusive. In an attempt to identify Notch downstream targets in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) using mass spectrometry, the signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) appeared to respond to knockout of recombination signal-binding protein Jk (RBP-J), the critical transcription factor of Notch pathway, in macrophages. In this study, we validated that Notch activation could repress SIRPα expression likely via the Hes family co-repressors. SIRPα promoted macrophage M2 polarization, which was dependent on the interaction with CD47 and mediated by intracellular signaling through SHP-1. We provided evidence that Notch signal regulated macrophage polarization at least partially through SIRPα. Interestingly, Notch signal regulated macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells through SIRPα but in a SHP-1-independent way. To access the translational value of our findings, we expressed the extracellular domains of the mouse SIRPα (mSIRPαext) to block the interaction between CD47 and SIRPα. We demonstrated that the soluble mSIRPαext polypeptides could promote M1 polarization and increase phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages. Taken together, our results provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of notch-mediated macrophage polarization and further validated SIRPα as a target for tumor therapy through modulating macrophage polarization and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-Jun Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Xijng Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qian Liang
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Min Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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66
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Crosstalk between hepatic tumor cells and macrophages via Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes M2-like macrophage polarization and reinforces tumor malignant behaviors. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:793. [PMID: 30022048 PMCID: PMC6052107 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of tumor microenvironment (TME) and play pivotal roles in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Wnt signaling is evolutionarily conserved and participates in liver tumorigenesis. Several studies have shown that macrophage-derived Wnt ligands can activate Wnt signaling in tumor cells. However, whether Wnt ligands secreted by tumor cells can trigger Wnt signaling in macrophages is still elusive. In this study, we first verified that canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and in M2-polarized macrophages. Knockdown of β-catenin in M2 macrophages exhibited stronger antitumor characteristics when cocultured with Hepa1-6 HCC cells in a series of experiments. Activation of Wnt signaling promoted M2 macrophage polarization through c-Myc. Moreover, co-culturing naïve macrophages with Hepa1-6 HCC cells in which Wnt ligands secretion was blocked by knockdown of Wntless inhibited M2 polarization in vitro. Consistently, the growth of HCC tumor orthotopically inoculated with Wntless-silenced Hepa1-6 cells was impeded, and the phenotype of M2-like TAMs was abrogated due to attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TAMs, leading to subverted immunosuppressive TME. Finally, we confirmed the correlation between M2 macrophage polarization and nuclear β-catenin accumulation in CD68+ macrophages in human HCC biopsies. Taken together, our study indicates that tumor cells-derived Wnt ligands stimulate M2-like polarization of TAMs via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which results in tumor growth, migration, metastasis, and immunosuppression in HCC. To block Wnts secretion from tumor cells and/or Wnt/β-catenin signal activation in TAMs may be potential strategy for HCC therapy in future.
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67
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Janghorban M, Xin L, Rosen JM, Zhang XHF. Notch Signaling as a Regulator of the Tumor Immune Response: To Target or Not To Target? Front Immunol 2018; 9:1649. [PMID: 30061899 PMCID: PMC6055003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates important cellular processes involved in stem cell maintenance, proliferation, development, survival, and inflammation. These responses to Notch signaling involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways can be spatially and temporally variable and are highly cell-type dependent. Notch signaling can elicit opposite effects in regulating tumorigenicity (tumor-promoting versus tumor-suppressing function) as well as controlling immune cell responses. In various cancer types, Notch signaling elicits a "cancer stem cell (CSC)" phenotype that results in decreased proliferation, but resistance to various therapies, hence potentially contributing to cell dormancy and relapse. CSCs can reshape their niche by releasing paracrine factors and inflammatory cytokines, and the niche in return can support their quiescence and resistance to therapies as well as the immune response. Moreover, Notch signaling is one of the key regulators of hematopoiesis, immune cell differentiation, and inflammation and is implicated in various autoimmune diseases, carcinogenesis (leukemia), and tumor-induced immunosuppression. Notch can control the fate of various T cell types, including Th1, Th2, and the regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Both MDSCs and Tregs play an important role in supporting tumor cells (and CSCs) and in evading the immune response. In this review, we will discuss how Notch signaling regulates multiple aspects of the tumor-promoting environment by elucidating its role in CSCs, hematopoiesis, normal immune cell differentiation, and subsequently in tumor-supporting immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Janghorban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiang H.-F. Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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68
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Xiao M, Zhang J, Chen W, Chen W. M1-like tumor-associated macrophages activated by exosome-transferred THBS1 promote malignant migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:143. [PMID: 29986759 PMCID: PMC6038304 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment strategies targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been proposed in cancer areas. The functional alterations of macrophages in the microenvironment during the tumorigenesis of human epithelial cancer remain poorly understood. Here, we explored phenotypic alteration of macrophages during the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS Conditioned media (CM) and exosome supernatants were harvested from normal oral epithelium, oral leukoplakia cells and OSCC cells. We measured phenotypic alteration of macrophages using flow cytometry, luminex assays, and quantitative real-time PCR assay. Intracellular signaling pathway analysis, mass spectrometry proteomics, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical staining, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to uncover the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS THP-1-derived and PBMCs derived macrophages exhibited an M1-like phenotype but not M2-like phenotype, when treated with CM from OSCC cells but not with the CM from normal epithelium or leukoplakia cells. Further investigations revealed that macrophages were activated by taking up exosomes released from OSCC cells through p38, Akt, and SAPK/JNK signaling at the early phase. We further provided evidences that THBS1 derived from OSCC exosomes participated in the polarization of macrophages to an M1-like phenotype. Reciprocally, CM from exosomes induced M1-like TAMs and significantly promoted migration of OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS We proposed a novel paracrine loop between cancer cells and macrophages based on exosomes from OSCC. Therefore, target management of M1-like TAMs polarized by exosomes shows great potential as a therapeutic target for the control of cancerous migration in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 China
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69
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Hossain F, Majumder S, Ucar DA, Rodriguez PC, Golde TE, Minter LM, Osborne BA, Miele L. Notch Signaling in Myeloid Cells as a Regulator of Tumor Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1288. [PMID: 29915603 PMCID: PMC5994797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which stimulates or augments host immune responses to treat malignancies, is the latest development in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunology. The basic principles of immunotherapies are either to enhance the functions of specific components of the immune system or to neutralize immune-suppressive signals produced by cancer cells or tumor microenvironment cells. When successful, these approaches translate into long-term survival for patients. However, durable responses are only seen in a subset of patients and so far, only in some cancer types. As for other cancer treatments, resistance to immunotherapy can also develop. Numerous research groups are trying to understand why immunotherapy is effective in some patients but not others and to develop strategies to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in many aspects of tumor biology, from angiogenesis to cancer stem cell maintenance to tumor immunity. The role of Notch in the development and modulation of the immune response is complex, involving an intricate crosstalk between antigen-presenting cells, T-cell subpopulations, cancer cells, and other components of the tumor microenvironment. Elegant studies have shown that Notch is a central mediator of tumor-induced T-cell anergy and that activation of Notch1 in CD8 T-cells enhances cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, altered dendritic cells, and tumor-associated macrophages along with regulatory T cells, are major obstacles to the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. In this article, we focus on the roles of Notch signaling in modulating tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and discuss implications for therapeutic strategies that modulate Notch signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deniz A Ucar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- H. Lee Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neurosciences, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida at Gainesville, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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70
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Li H, Jiang T, Li MQ, Zheng XL, Zhao GJ. Transcriptional Regulation of Macrophages Polarization by MicroRNAs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1175. [PMID: 29892301 PMCID: PMC5985397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity and plasticity are the hallmarks of cells from the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Macrophages undergo classical M1 or alternative M2 activation in response to the microenvironment signals. Several transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, signal transducers and activators of transcription, CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins, interferon regulatory factors, Kruppel-like factors, GATA binding protein 3, nuclear transcription factor-κB, and c-MYC, were found to promote the expression of specific genes, which dictate the functional polarization of macrophages. Importantly, these transcription factors can be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression through translation repression or mRNA degradation. Recent studies have also revealed that miRNAs control macrophage polarization by regulating transcription factors in response to the microenvironment signals. This review will summarize recent progress of miRNAs in the transcriptional regulation of macrophage polarization and provide the insights into the development of macrophage-centered diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- The Clinic Medical College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Practice Educational, Office of Academic Affairs, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Targets and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
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71
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Ma P, Han H, Qin H. Reply to: "Studies of macrophage therapy for cirrhosis - From mice to men". J Hepatol 2018; 68:1091-1093. [PMID: 29317296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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72
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Pan L, Zhou L, Yin W, Bai J, Liu R. miR-125a induces apoptosis, metabolism disorder and migrationimpairment in pancreatic cancer cells by targeting Mfn2-related mitochondrial fission. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:124-136. [PMID: 29749475 PMCID: PMC5958665 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is important for the development and progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, little is known regarding its role in pancreatic cancer apoptosis, metabolism and migration. In the current study, the mechanism by which mitochondrial fission modifies the biological characteristics of PC was explored. MicroRNA-125a (miR-125a) had the ability to inhibit mitochondrial fission and contributed to cellular survival. Suppressed mitochondrial fission led to a reduction in mitochondrial debris, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, ablated cytochrome c leakage into the cytoplasm and reduced the pro-apoptotic protein contents, finally blocking mitochondria related apoptosis pathways. Furthermore, defective mitochondrial fission induced by miR-125a enhanced mitochondria-dependent energy metabolism by promoting activity of electron transport chain complexes. Furthermore, suppressed mitochondrial fission also contributed to PANC-1 cell migration by preserving the F-actin balance. Furthermore, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), the key defender of mitochondrial fission, is involved in inhibition of miR125a-mediated mitochondrial fission. Low contents of miR-125a upregulated Mfn2 transcription and expression, leading to inactivation of mitochondrial fission. Ultimately, the current study determined that miR-125a and Mfn2 are regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). Knockdown of HIF1 reversed miR-125a expression, and therefore, inhibited Mfn2 expression, leading to activation of mitochondrial fission. Collectively, the present study demonstrated mitochondrial fission as a tumor suppression process that is regulated by the HIF/miR-125a/Mfn2 pathways, acting to restrict PANC-1 cell survival, energy metabolism and migration, with potential implications for novel approaches for PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Pan
- The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jia Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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73
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Ma P, An D, Zhao J, Liang S, Ye Y, Lu Y, Zhang P, Liu X, Han H, Qin H. Myeloid-specific targeting of Notch ameliorates murine renal fibrosis via reduced infiltration and activation of bone marrow-derived macrophage. Protein Cell 2018; 10:196-210. [PMID: 29644573 PMCID: PMC6338623 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in renal fibrosis. However, macrophages exhibit ontogenic and functional heterogeneities, and which population of macrophages contributes to renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we genetically targeted Notch signaling by disrupting the transcription factor recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBP-J), to reveal its role in regulation of macrophages during the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced murine renal fibrosis. Myeloid-specific disruption of RBP-J attenuated renal fibrosis with reduced extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast activation, as well as attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition, likely owing to the reduced expression of TGF-β. Meanwhile, RBP-J deletion significantly hampered macrophage infiltration and activation in fibrotic kidney, although their proliferation appeared unaltered. By using macrophage clearance experiment, we found that kidney resident macrophages made negligible contribution, but bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages played a major role in renal fibrogenesis. Further mechanistic analyses showed that Notch blockade reduced monocyte emigration from BM by down-regulating CCR2 expression. Finally, we found that myeloid-specific Notch activation aggravated renal fibrosis, which was mediated by CCR2+ macrophages infiltration. In summary, our data have unveiled that myeloid-specific targeting of Notch could ameliorate renal fibrosis by regulating BM-derived macrophages recruitment and activation, providing a novel strategy for intervention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dongjie An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shiqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #15, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hongyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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74
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Palaga T, Wongchana W, Kueanjinda P. Notch Signaling in Macrophages in the Context of Cancer Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:652. [PMID: 29686671 PMCID: PMC5900058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting roles depending on the microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are often associated with poor prognosis in most, but not all cancer. Understanding how macrophages become TAMs and how TAMs interact with tumor cells and shape the outcome of cancer is one of the key areas of interest in cancer therapy research. Notch signaling is involved in macrophage activation and its effector functions. Notch signaling has been indicated to play roles in the regulation of macrophage activation in pro-inflammatory and wound-healing processes. Recent evidence points to the involvement of canonical Notch signaling in the differentiation of TAMs in a breast cancer model. On the other hand, hyperactivation of Notch signaling specifically in macrophages in tumors mass has been shown to suppress tumor growth in an animal model of cancer. Investigations into how Notch signaling is regulated in TAMs and translates into pro- or anti-tumor functions are still largely in their infancy. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current understanding of the conflicting roles of Notch signaling in regulating the effector function of macrophages and the involvement of Notch signaling in TAM differentiation and function. Furthermore, how Notch signaling in TAMs affects the tumor microenvironment is reviewed. Finally, the direct or indirect cross-talk among TAMs, tumor cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment via Notch signaling is discussed along with the possibility of its clinical application. Investigations into Notch signaling in macrophages may lead to a more effective way for immune intervention in the treatment of cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Wongchana
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Institute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Patipark Kueanjinda
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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75
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From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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76
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Zhan S, Wang T, Ge W, Li J. Multiple roles of Ring 1 and YY1 binding protein in physiology and disease. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2046-2054. [PMID: 29383875 PMCID: PMC5867070 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ring 1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP) was first identified in 1999, and its structure includes a conserved Npl4 Zinc finger motif at the N‐terminus, a central region that is characteristically enriched with arginine and lysine residues and a C‐terminal region enriched with serine and threonine amino acids. Over nearly 20 years, multiple studies have found that RYBP functions as an organ developmental adaptor. There is also evidence that RYBP regulates the expression of different genes involved in various aspects of biological processes, via a mechanism that is dependent on interactions with components of PcG complexes and/or through binding to different transcriptional factors. In addition, RYBP interacts directly or indirectly with apoptosis‐associated proteins to mediate anti‐apoptotic or pro‐apoptotic activity in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of various cell types. Furthermore, RYBP has also been shown to act as tumour suppressor gene in different solid tumours, but as an oncogene in lymphoma and melanoma. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the functions of this multifaceted RYBP in physiological and pathological conditions, including embryonic development, apoptosis and cancer, as well as its role as a component of polycomb repressive complex 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
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77
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Lin S, Sun L, Lyu X, Ai X, Du D, Su N, Li H, Zhang L, Yu J, Yuan S. Lactate-activated macrophages induced aerobic glycolysis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer by regulation of CCL5-CCR5 axis: a positive metabolic feedback loop. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110426-110443. [PMID: 29299159 PMCID: PMC5746394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant energy metabolism is critical for cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can stimulate tumor angiogenesis and enhance cancer metastasis; however, the metabolic interaction between cancer cells and macrophages characterized by lactate shuttles remains unclear. Here, we showed that lactate activated human macrophages to a TAM-like phenotype and stimulated the secretion of CCL5 by activation of Notch signaling in macrophages. Reciprocally, CCL5 increased cell migration, induced cancer cell EMT, and promoted aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer cells, suggesting a positive metabolic feedback loop in the co-culture system. Inhibition of CCR5, the cognate receptor of CCL5, or neutralization of CCL5, broke the metabolic loop and decreased cancer cell migration and EMT. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis significantly reduced breast cancer cell EMT, indicated that aerobic glycolysis was necessary for the invasive phenotype of cancer cells. We further showed that TGF-β signaling regulated the expression of CCR5 in the co-culture system, and CCL5 induced glycolysis by mediation of AMPK signaling. The expression of CCL5-CCR5 axis was highly associated with macrophage infiltration, TGF-β and p-AMPK in clinical samples. CCL5-CCR5 axis promoted breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Our findings suggested a pivotal role of CCL5-CCR5 axis in the metabolic communication between cancer cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Lin
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Lyu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiongfei Ai
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Danyu Du
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Nan Su
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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78
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Mao L, Zhao ZL, Yu GT, Wu L, Deng WW, Li YC, Liu JF, Bu LL, Liu B, Kulkarni AB, Zhang WF, Zhang L, Sun ZJ. γ-Secretase inhibitor reduces immunosuppressive cells and enhances tumour immunity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:999-1009. [PMID: 29047105 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immune evasion is a hallmark feature of cancer, and it plays an important role in tumour initiation and progression. In addition, tumour immune evasion severely hampers the desired antitumour effect in multiple cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of the Notch pathway in immune evasion in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) microenvironment. We first demonstrated that Notch1 signaling was activated in a Tgfbr1/Pten-knockout HNSCC mouse model. Notch signaling inhibition using a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI-IX, DAPT) decreased tumour burden in the mouse model after prophylactic treatment. In addition, flow cytometry analysis indicated that Notch signaling inhibition reduced the sub-population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as immune checkpoint molecules (PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3), in the circulation and in the tumour. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of human HNSCC tissues demonstrated that elevation of the Notch1 downstream target HES1 was correlated with MDSC, TAM and Treg markers and with immune checkpoint molecules. These results suggest that modulating the Notch signaling pathway may decrease MDSCs, TAMs, Tregs and immune checkpoint molecules in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Li Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yi-Cun Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.,Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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79
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Bayraktar R, Van Roosbroeck K, Calin GA. Cell-to-cell communication: microRNAs as hormones. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1673-1686. [PMID: 29024380 PMCID: PMC5709614 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells can release different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Accumulating evidence suggests that EVs play a role in cell-to-cell communication within the tumor microenvironment. EVs' components, such as proteins, noncoding RNAs [microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)], messenger RNAs (mRNAs), DNA, and lipids, can mediate paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, miRNAs encapsulated in secreted EVs have been identified in the extracellular space. Mature miRNAs that participate in intercellular communication are released from most cells, often within EVs, and disseminate through the extracellular fluid to reach remote target cells, including tumor cells, whose phenotypes they can influence by regulating mRNA and protein expression either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes, depending on their targets. In this review, we discuss the roles of miRNAs in intercellular communication, the biological function of extracellular miRNAs, and their potential applications for diagnosis and therapeutics. We will give examples of miRNAs that behave as hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katrien Van Roosbroeck
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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80
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Huang F, Zhao JL, Wang L, Gao CC, Liang SQ, An DJ, Bai J, Chen Y, Han H, Qin HY. miR-148a-3p Mediates Notch Signaling to Promote the Differentiation and M1 Activation of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1327. [PMID: 29085372 PMCID: PMC5650608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway plays critical roles in the differentiation and polarized activation of macrophages; however, the downstream molecular mechanisms underlying Notch activity in macrophages remain elusive. Our previous study has identified a group of microRNAs that mediate Notch signaling to regulate macrophage activation and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In this study, we demonstrated that miR-148a-3p functions as a novel downstream molecule of Notch signaling to promote the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Meanwhile, miR-148a-3p promoted M1 and inhibited M2 polarization of macrophages upon Notch activation. Macrophages overexpressing miR-148a-3p exhibited enhanced ability to engulf and kill bacteria, which was mediated by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further studies using reporter assay and Western blotting identified Pten as a direct target gene of miR-148a-3p in macrophages. Macrophages overexpressing miR-148a-3p increased their ROS production through the PTEN/AKT pathway, likely to defend against bacterial invasion. Moreover, miR-148a-3p also enhanced M1 macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory responses through PTEN/AKT-mediated upregulation of NF-κB signaling. In summary, our data establish a novel molecular mechanism by which Notch signaling promotes monocyte differentiation and M1 macrophage activation through miR-148a-3p, and suggest that miR-148a-3p-modified monocytes or macrophages are potential new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Jie An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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81
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Ma PF, Gao CC, Yi J, Zhao JL, Liang SQ, Zhao Y, Ye YC, Bai J, Zheng QJ, Dou KF, Han H, Qin HY. Cytotherapy with M1-polarized macrophages ameliorates liver fibrosis by modulating immune microenvironment in mice. J Hepatol 2017; 67:770-779. [PMID: 28596109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Macrophages play vital roles in chronic liver injury, and have been tested as a tool for cytotherapy in liver fibrosis. However, macrophages possess ontogenic and functional heterogeneities. Some subsets are pro-fibrotic, whereas others are anti-fibrotic. This study aimed to clarify which macrophage subset is efficient for cytotherapy in liver fibrosis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Liver fibrosis was induced in mice by carbon tetrachloride injection or bile duct ligation. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were polarized into M0, M1, or M2 macrophages, respectively. BMDMs were infused into mice through the tail vein at different stages of fibrogenesis. Fibrosis progression, hepatic cell populations, and related molecular changes were evaluated. RESULTS Both M0 and M1 BMDMs significantly ameliorated liver fibrosis, but M1 exhibited stronger therapeutic effects than M0. M2 macrophages were not effective on liver fibrosis. M1 macrophages reduced the number and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which could be attributed at least partly to increased HSC apoptosis. M1 macrophages enhanced the recruitment of endogenous macrophages into fibrotic liver, which displayed the phenotype of Ly6Clo restorative macrophages and produced matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and hepatic growth factor (HGF) to enhance collagen degradation and hepatocyte proliferation, respectively. M1 macrophages also increased the number of total and activated natural killer (NK) cells in the fibrotic liver, which released TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), inducing HSC apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS M1 macrophages, which modulate the immune microenvironment to recruit and modify the activation of endogenous macrophages and NK cells, are effective for cytotherapy in experimental liver fibrosis. Lay summary: M1 Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exhibit a stronger therapeutic effect by modulating the hepatic microenvironment to recruit and modify the activation of endogenous macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, which likely lead to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) apoptosis and hampered fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chun-Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shi-Qian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Chen Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qi-Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ke-Feng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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82
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Self-Fordham JB, Naqvi AR, Uttamani JR, Kulkarni V, Nares S. MicroRNA: Dynamic Regulators of Macrophage Polarization and Plasticity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1062. [PMID: 28912781 PMCID: PMC5583156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a healthy immune system to clear the plethora of antigens it encounters incessantly relies on the enormous plasticity displayed by the comprising cell types. Macrophages (MΦs) are crucial member of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) that constantly patrol the peripheral tissues and are actively recruited to the sites of injury and infection. In tissues, infiltrating monocytes replenish MΦ. Under the guidance of the local micro-milieu, MΦ can be activated to acquire specialized functional phenotypes. Similar to T cells, functional polarization of macrophage phenotype viz., inflammatory (M1) and reparative (M2) is proposed. Equipped with diverse toll-like receptors (TLRs), these cells of the innate arm of immunity recognize and phagocytize antigens and secrete cytokines that activate the adaptive arm of the immune system and perform key roles in wound repair. Dysregulation of MΦ plasticity has been associated with various diseases and infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of transcriptome output. Their importance in maintaining health, and their contribution toward disease, encompasses virtually all aspects of human biology. Our understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation of MΦ plasticity and polarization can be utilized to modulate functional phenotypes to counter their role in the pathogenesis of numerous disease, including cancer, autoimmunity, periodontitis, etc. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the role of miRNA in shaping MΦ polarization and plasticity through targeting of various pathways and genes. Identification of miRNA biomarkers of diagnostic/prognostic value and their therapeutic potential by delivery of miRNA mimics or inhibitors to dynamically alter gene expression profiles in vivo is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afsar Raza Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juhi Raju Uttamani
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Varun Kulkarni
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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83
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Liu H, Wang J, Zhang M, Xuan Q, Wang Z, Lian X, Zhang Q. Jagged1 promotes aromatase inhibitor resistance by modulating tumor-associated macrophage differentiation in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:95-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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84
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The miR-125a/HK2 axis regulates cancer cell energy metabolism reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3089. [PMID: 28596599 PMCID: PMC5465066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a metabolic hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells rapidly adjust their energy source to glycolysis in order to efficiently proliferate in a hypoxic environment, but the mechanism underlying this switch remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that hypoxia potently induces the down-regulation of miR-125a expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and tumors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR-125a could decrease the production of lactate, the uptake of glucose, and the levels of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HCC cells. We investigated the molecular mechanism through which miR-125a inhibits HCC glycolysis and identified hexokinase II (HK2) as a direct target gene of miR-125a. Finally, we revealed that the miR-125a/HK2 axis is functionally important for regulating glycolysis of HCC cell and progression of cancer in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our findings demonstrate for the first time that hypoxia-down-regulated miR-125a regulated HCC glycolysis and carcinogenesis by targeting hexokinase HK2, a key glycolytic enzyme for the Warburg effect, and add a new dimension to hypoxia-mediated regulation of cancer metabolism.
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85
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Gao F, Zhang YF, Zhang ZP, Fu LA, Cao XL, Zhang YZ, Guo CJ, Yan XC, Yang QC, Hu YY, Zhao XH, Wang YZ, Wu SX, Ju G, Zheng MH, Han H. miR-342-5p Regulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Downstream to Notch Signaling in Mice. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1032-1045. [PMID: 28344005 PMCID: PMC5390133 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is critically involved in neural development, but the downstream effectors remain incompletely understood. In this study, we cultured neurospheres from Nestin-Cre-mediated conditional Rbp-j knockout (Rbp-j cKO) and control embryos and compared their miRNA expression profiles using microarray. Among differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-342-5p showed upregulated expression as Notch signaling was genetically or pharmaceutically interrupted. Consistently, the promoter of the miR-342-5p host gene, the Ena-vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein-like (Evl), was negatively regulated by Notch signaling, probably through HES5. Transfection of miR-342-5p promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) in vitro and reduced the stemness of NSCs in vivo. Furthermore, miR-342-5p inhibited the differentiation of neural stem/intermediate progenitor cells into astrocytes, likely mediated by targeting GFAP directly. Our results indicated that miR-342-5p could function as a downstream effector of Notch signaling to regulate the differentiation of NSCs into INPs and astrocytes commitment. miR-342-5p acts as a downstream effector of canonical Notch signaling Notch signal inhibits miR-342-5p expression by regulating its host gene Evl miR-342-5p promotes the transition of NSCs into INPs Astrocyte commitment was suppressed by miR-342-5p targeting GFAP
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China; Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zheng-Ping Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Luo-An Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xian-Chun Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qin-Chuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China; Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Zhao
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ya-Zhou Wang
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Gong Ju
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le Xi Street #17, Xi'an 710032, China.
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86
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Sakisaka M, Haruta M, Komohara Y, Umemoto S, Matsumura K, Ikeda T, Takeya M, Inomata Y, Nishimura Y, Senju S. Therapy of primary and metastatic liver cancer by human iPS cell-derived myeloid cells producing interferon-β. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 24:109-119. [PMID: 28008721 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND iPS-ML are myeloid lineage cells with a proliferative capacity derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. This study aimed to examine therapeutic effect of iPS-ML producing interferon-β (iPS-ML/IFN-β) towards primary and metastatic liver cancer and investigate the mechanism of that effect. METHODS We established a xenograft model of liver metastasis by injecting the spleen of SCID mice with MKN-45 human gastric cancer cells and also a primary liver cancer model by injecting SK-HEP-1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells into the liver. After cancer lesions were established, iPS-ML/IFN-β was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and therapeutic effect was evaluated. RESULTS The i.p. injection of iPS-ML/IFN-β resulted in a significant retardation of cancer progression and prolonged mouse survival. The infiltration of i.p. administered iPS-ML into tumor lesions located below the liver capsule was observed, suggesting tumor-directed migration and penetration of the liver capsule by iPS-ML. The IFN-β concentration in the liver was maintained at levels sufficient to exert an anti-cancer effect for at least 3 days post-injection, accounting for the potent therapeutic effect obtained by injection two to three times per week. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of the iPS-ML/IFN-β in patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sakisaka
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miwa Haruta
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemoto
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsumura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Inomata
- Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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Inflammation and Cancer: Extra- and Intracellular Determinants of Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Tumor Promoters. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9294018. [PMID: 28197019 PMCID: PMC5286482 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9294018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer-related inflammation is the recruitment of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells to the tumor microenvironment. These tumor infiltrating myeloid cells are educated by the tumor milieu, rich in cancer cells and stroma components, to exert functions such as promotion of tumor growth, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and cancer cell dissemination. Our review highlights the ontogenetic diversity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and describes their main phenotypic markers. We cover fundamental molecular players in the tumor microenvironment including extra- (CCL2, CSF-1, CXCL12, IL-4, IL-13, semaphorins, WNT5A, and WNT7B) and intracellular signals. We discuss how these factors converge on intracellular determinants (STAT3, STAT6, STAT1, NF-κB, RORC1, and HIF-1α) of cell functions and drive the recruitment and polarization of TAMs. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate macrophage polarization key miRNAs (miR-146a, miR-155, miR-125a, miR-511, and miR-223) are also discussed in the context of the inflammatory myeloid tumor compartment. Accumulating evidence suggests that high TAM infiltration correlates with disease progression and overall poor survival of cancer patients. Identification of molecular targets to develop new therapeutic interventions targeting these harmful tumor infiltrating myeloid cells is emerging nowadays.
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88
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Novel insights in the regulation and function of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Curr Opin Oncol 2017; 29:55-61. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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