51
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Zhang T, Cai X, Li Q, Xue P, Chen Z, Dong X, Xue Y. Hsa-miR-875-5p exerts tumor suppressor function through down-regulation of EGFR in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Oncotarget 2018; 7:42225-42240. [PMID: 27302926 PMCID: PMC5173130 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsa-miRNA-875-5p (miR-875-5p) has recently been discovered to have anticancer efficacy in different organs. However, the role of miR-875-5p on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is still ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-875-5p on the development of CRC. The results indicated that miR-875-5p was significantly down-regulated in primary tumor tissues and very low levels were found in CRC cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-875-5p in CRC cell lines significantly suppressed cell growth as evidenced by cell viability assay, colony formation assay and BrdU staining, through inhibition of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, CDK4 and up-regulation of p57(Kip2) and p21(Waf1/Cip1). In addition, miR-875-5p induced apoptosis, as indicated by concomitantly with up-regulation of key apoptosis protein cleaved caspase-3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl2. Moreover, miR-875-5p inhibited cellular migration and invasiveness through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-7 and MMP-9. Further, oncogene EGFR was revealed to be a putative target of miR-875-5p, which was inversely correlated with miR-875-5p expression in CRC. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-875-5p played a pivotal role on CRC through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoting apoptosis by targeting oncogenic EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiening Zhang
- Oncology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Xun Cai
- Oncology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Oncology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xue
- Oncology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiao Chen
- Oncology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Oncology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- Oncology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P. R. China
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52
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Chen S, Guan X, Wang LL, Li B, Sang XB, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Fascaplysin inhibit ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through inhibiting CDK4. Gene 2017; 635:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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53
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Ricciotti RW, Baraff AJ, Jour G, Kyriss M, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li SC, Hoch B, Liu YJ. High amplification levels of MDM2 and CDK4 correlate with poor outcome in patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A cytogenomic microarray analysis of 47 cases. Cancer Genet 2017; 218-219:69-80. [PMID: 29153098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is characterized at the molecular level by amplification of genes within 12q13-15 including MDM2 and CDK4. However, other than FNCLCC grade, prognostic markers are limited. We aim to identify molecular prognostic markers for DDLS to help risk stratify patients. To this end, we studied 49 cases of DDLS in our institutional archives and performed cytogenomic microarray analysis on 47 cases. Gene copy numbers for 12 loci were evaluated and correlated with outcome data retrieved from our institutional electronic medical records. Using cut point analysis and comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves by log rank tests, high amplification levels of MDM2 (>38 copies) and CDK4 (>30 copies) correlated with decreased disease free survival (DFS) (P = .0168 and 0.0169 respectively) and disease specific survival (DSS) (P = .0082 and 0.0140 respectively). Additionally, MDM2 and CDK4 showed evidence of a synergistic effect so that each additional copy of one enhances the effect on prognosis of each additional copy of the other for decreased DFS (P = .0227, 0.1% hazard). High amplification of JUN (>16 copies) also correlated with decreased DFS (P = .0217), but not DSS. The presence of copy number alteration at 3q29 correlated with decreased DSS (P = .0192). The presence of >10 mitoses per 10 high power fields and FNCLCC grade 3 also correlated with decreased DFS (P = .0310 and 0.0254 respectively). MDM2 and CDK4 gene amplification levels, along with JUN amplification and copy alterations at 3q29, can be utilized for predicting outcome in patients with DDLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Ricciotti
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Aaron J Baraff
- Department of BioStatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ
| | | | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Shao-Chun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, PR China
| | - Benjamin Hoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
| | - Yajuan J Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
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54
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Wang L, Zhang R, You X, Zhang H, Wei S, Cheng T, Cao Q, Wang Z, Chen Y. The steady-state level of CDK4 protein is regulated by antagonistic actions between PAQR4 and SKP2 and involved in tumorigenesis. J Mol Cell Biol 2017; 9:409-421. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Core Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue You
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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55
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Laroche-Clary A, Chaire V, Algeo MP, Derieppe MA, Loarer FL, Italiano A. Combined targeting of MDM2 and CDK4 is synergistic in dedifferentiated liposarcomas. J Hematol Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28629371 PMCID: PMC5477309 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose MDM2 and CDK4 are frequently co-amplified in well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). We aimed to determine whether combined MDM2/CDK4 targeting is associated with higher antitumour activity than a single agent in preclinical models of DDLPS. Experimental design DDLPS cells were exposed to RG7388 (MDM2 antagonist) and palbociclib (CDK4 inhibitor), and apoptosis and signalling/survival pathway perturbations were monitored by flow cytometry and Western blotting. Xenograft mouse models were used to assess tumour growth and survival. Treatment efficacy was assessed by Western blotting, histopathology and tumour volume. Results RG7388 and palbociclib together exerted a greater antitumour effect than either drug alone, with significant differences in cell viability after a 72-h treatment with RG7388 and/or palbociclib. The combination treatment significantly increased apoptosis compared to the single agents. We then analysed the in vivo antitumour activity of RG7388 and palbociclib in a xenograft model of DDLPS. The combination regimen reduced the tumour growth rate compared with a single agent alone and significantly increased the median progression-free survival. Conclusions Our results provide a strong rationale for evaluating the therapeutic potential of CDK4 inhibitors as potentiators of MDM2 antagonists in DDLPS and justify clinical trials in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Laroche-Clary
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1218, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Vanessa Chaire
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1218, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1218, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
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56
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Tang FH, Hsieh TH, Hsu CY, Lin HY, Long CY, Cheng KH, Tsai EM. KRAS mutation coupled with p53 loss is sufficient to induce ovarian carcinosarcomas in mice. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1860-1869. [PMID: 28032649 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinosarcoma cancer is the most lethal form of gynecological malignancy, but the pathogenesis and biological function for this ovarian cancer remain unknown. We establishment the transgenic mouse model of K-rasG12D p53loxP/loxP and found that K-ras mutation and p53 deletion within the ovarian surface epithelium gave rise to ovarian lesions with a hyperproliferation and endometrioid glandular morphology. Furthermore, double mutant ovaries formed ovarian carcinosarcomas that were high grade and poorly differentiated. Induction was widely metastatic and spread to abdominal organs including liver, spleen, and kidney at 4 wk. We also confirmed the role of K-rasG12D in ovarian cancer cell lines MCAS and PA-1 and showed that K-rasG12D overexpression strongly induced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The ovarian cancer model we developed recapitulates the specific tumor histomorphology and the probable mechanism of malignant transformation in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hsiang Tang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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57
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Fernández-Tena A, López-González FJ. Mediastinal liposarcoma in a 30-year-old woman with dyspnea and chest pain. Respir Med Case Rep 2017; 21:86-88. [PMID: 28435786 PMCID: PMC5390662 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediastinal liposarcoma (ML) is a rare mesenchymal tumor, accounting for less than 1% of mediastinal tumors. They have a slow growth, so they may not give symptoms for a long time, until the tumor produces compression of close structures. The treatment of choice is surgery, which can be combined with chemo-radiotherapy. We present a case in which the diagnosis of a ML was made in a 30-year-old woman with dyspnea and chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fernández-Tena
- University of Oviedo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Avda de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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58
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Lahbali O, Azami A, Tbouda M, Elyamine A, Zouaidia F, Mahassini N. [Uncommon mammary-type myofibroblastoma unlike any other: about a case]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 26:69. [PMID: 28451046 PMCID: PMC5398874 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.69.11339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary-type myofibroblastoma (MTMF) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor, initially detected in the breast. Its diagnosis is based on a spectrum of clinical, radiological and possibly histological parameters. We here report the rare case of a 50 year old male patient with mammary-type myofibroblastoma located in the axillary region. The peculiarity of our case lies in the presence of numerous mitoses and this was rarely described in the literature. The aim of our case study was to raise the problem of differential diagnosis of this rare tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othmane Lahbali
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Amine Azami
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mohammed Tbouda
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - Adil Elyamine
- Service d'Histologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Faculté de Médecine de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Fouad Zouaidia
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina Rabat, Maroc
| | - Najat Mahassini
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina Rabat, Maroc
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59
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Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Thierry S, Cabillic F, Lannes M, Burtin F, Henno S, Dugay F, Bouzillé G, Rioux-Leclercq N, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Stock N. Differential diagnosis of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma: utility of p16 in combination with MDM2 and CDK4 immunohistochemistry. Hum Pathol 2017; 59:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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60
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p16 Immunohistochemistry is Less Useful Than MDM2 and CDK4 to Distinguish Dedifferentiated Liposarcomas From Other Retroperitoneal Mimics. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:58-63. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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61
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Sun C, Huang C, Li S, Yang C, Xi Y, Wang L, Zhang F, Fu Y, Li D. Hsa-miR-326 targets CCND1 and inhibits non-small cell lung cancer development. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8341-59. [PMID: 26840018 PMCID: PMC4884997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsa-miRNA-326 (miR-326) has recently been discovered having anticancer efficacy in different organs. However, the role of miR-326 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-326 on the development of NSCLC. The results indicated that miR-326 was significantly down-regulated in primary tumor tissues and very low levels were found in NSCLC cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-326 in NSCLC cell lines significantly suppressed cell growth as evidenced by cell viability assay, colony formation assay and BrdU staining, through inhibition of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, CDK4 and up-regulation of p57(Kip2) and p21(Waf1/Cip1). In addition, miR-326 induced apoptosis, as indicated by concomitantly with up-regulation of key apoptosis protein cleaved caspase-3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl2. Moreover, miR-326 inhibited cellular migration and invasiveness through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-7 and MMP-9. Further, oncogene CCND1 was revealed to be a putative target of miR-326, which was inversely correlated with miR-326 expression in NSCLC. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-326 played a pivotal role on NSCLC through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoting apoptosis by targeting oncogenic CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China
| | - Chuanfeng Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Nanyang Medical College, 473003 Nanyang, P.R.China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China.,Wuhan Hospital for The Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China
| | - Cuili Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China
| | - Yongyong Xi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China
| | - Yunfeng Fu
- The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, P.R.China
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, P.R.China
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62
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De Vita A, Mercatali L, Recine F, Pieri F, Riva N, Bongiovanni A, Liverani C, Spadazzi C, Miserocchi G, Amadori D, Ibrahim T. Current classification, treatment options, and new perspectives in the management of adipocytic sarcomas. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6233-6246. [PMID: 27785071 PMCID: PMC5067014 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumors arising from soft tissue or bone, with an uncertain etiology and difficult classification. Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) account for around 1% of all adult cancers. Till date, more than 50 histologic subtypes have been identified. Adipocyte sarcoma or liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common STS subtypes, accounting for 15% of all sarcomas, with an incidence of 24% of all extremity STSs and 45% of all retroperitoneal STSs. The new World Health Organization classification system has divided LPS into four different subgroups: atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated LPS, dedifferentiated LPS, myxoid LPS, and pleomorphic LPS. These lesions can develop at any location and exhibit different aggressive potentials reflecting their morphologic diversity and clinical behavior. Patients affected by LPS should be managed in specialized multidisciplinary cancer centers. Whereas surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for localized disease, the benefits of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are still unclear. Systemic treatment, particularly chemotherapy, is still limited in metastatic disease. Despite the efforts toward a better understanding of the biology of LPS, the outcome of advanced and metastatic patients remains poor. The advent of targeted therapies may lead to an improvement of treatment options and clinical outcomes. A larger patient enrollment into translational and clinical studies will help increase the knowledge of the biological behavior of LPSs, test new drugs, and introduce new methodological studies, that is, on treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Federica Pieri
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Nada Riva
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC
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63
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Bill KLJ, Casadei L, Prudner BC, Iwenofu H, Strohecker AM, Pollock RE. Liposarcoma: molecular targets and therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3711-8. [PMID: 27173057 PMCID: PMC7175098 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma and accounts for approximately 20 % of all adult sarcomas. Current treatment modalities (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) all have limitations; therefore, molecularly driven studies are needed to improve the identification and increased understanding of genetic and epigenetic deregulations in LPS if we are to successfully target specific tumorigenic drivers. It can be anticipated that such biology-driven therapeutics will improve treatments by selectively deleting cancer cells while sparing normal tissues. This review will focus on several therapeutically actionable molecular markers identified in well-differentiated LPS and dedifferentiated LPS, highlighting their potential clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lynn J Bill
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lucia Casadei
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bethany C Prudner
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hans Iwenofu
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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64
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Sun CC, Li SJ, Li DJ. Hsa-miR-134 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development through down-regulation of CCND1. Oncotarget 2016; 7:35960-35978. [PMID: 27166267 PMCID: PMC5094975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsa-miRNA-134 (miR-134) has recently been discovered to have anticancer efficacy in different organs. However, the role of miR-134 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-134 on the development of NSCLC. The results indicated that miR-134 was significantly down-regulated in primary tumor tissues and very low levels were found in NSCLC cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-134 in NSCLC cell lines significantly suppressed cell growth as evidenced by cell viability assay, colony formation assay and BrdU staining, through inhibition of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, CDK4 and up-regulation of p57(Kip2) and p21(Waf1/Cip1). In addition, miR-134 induced apoptosis, as indicated by concomitantly with up-regulation of key apoptosis protein cleaved caspase-3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl2. Moreover, miR-134 inhibited cellular migration and invasiveness through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-7 and MMP-9. Further, oncogene CCND1 was revealed to be a putative target of miR-134, which was inversely correlated with miR-134 expression in NSCLC. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-134 played a pivotal role on NSCLC through inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoting apoptosis by targeting oncogenic CCND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Wuhan Hospital for The Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - De-Jia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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65
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Abstract
Uncontrolled cellular proliferation, mediated by dysregulation of the cell-cycle machinery and activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to promote cell-cycle progression, lies at the heart of cancer as a pathological process. Clinical implementation of first-generation, nonselective CDK inhibitors, designed to inhibit this proliferation, was originally hampered by the high risk of toxicity and lack of efficacy noted with these agents. The emergence of a new generation of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors, including ribociclib, abemaciclib and palbociclib, has enabled tumour types in which CDK4/6 has a pivotal role in the G1-to-S-phase cell-cycle transition to be targeted with improved effectiveness, and fewer adverse effects. Results of pivotal phase III trials investigating palbociclib in patients with advanced-stage oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer have demonstrated a substantial improvement in progression-free survival, with a well-tolerated toxicity profile. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors are beginning to emerge that, although unwelcome, might enable rational post-CDK4/6 inhibitor therapeutic strategies to be identified. Extending the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors beyond ER-positive breast cancer is challenging, and will likely require biomarkers that are predictive of a response, and the use of combination therapies in order to optimize CDK4/6 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben O'Leary
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Richard S Finn
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas C Turner
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.,Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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66
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67
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MicroRNAs-Proteomic Networks Characterizing Human Medulloblastoma-SLCs. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2683042. [PMID: 26880947 PMCID: PMC4736593 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2683042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor of pediatric age and is characterized by cells expressing stem, astroglial, and neuronal markers. Among them, stem-like cells (hMB-SLCs) represent a fraction of the tumor cell population with the potential of self-renewal and proliferation and have been associated with tumor poor prognosis. In this context, microRNAs have been described as playing a pivotal role in stem cells differentiation. In our paper, we analyze microRNAs profile and genes expression of hMB-SLCs before and after Retinoic Acid- (RA-) induced differentiation. We aimed to identify pivotal players of specific pathways sustaining stemness and/or tumor development and progression and integrate the results of our recent proteomic study. Our results uncovered 22 differentially expressed microRNAs that were used as input together with deregulated genes and proteins in the Genomatix Pathway System (GePS) analysis revealing 3 subnetworks that could be interestingly involved in the maintenance of hMB-SLCs proliferation. Taken together, our findings highlight microRNAs, genes, and proteins that are significantly modulated in hMB-SLCs with respect to their RA-differentiated counterparts and could open new perspectives for prognostic and therapeutic intervention on MB.
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68
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Detection of MDM2/CDK4 amplification in lipomatous soft tissue tumors from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue: comparison of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 23:126-33. [PMID: 25679065 DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0000000000000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the detection of MDM2 and CDK4 amplification was evaluated in lipomatous soft tissue tumors using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), a PCR-based technique, in comparison with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These 2 techniques were evaluated in a series of 77 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lipomatous tumors (27 benign adipose tumors, 28 atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas, 18 dedifferentiated liposarcomas, and 4 pleomorphic liposarcomas). Using MLPA, with a cut-off ratio of >2, 36/71 samples (22 atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas, and 14 dedifferentiated liposarcomas) showed MDM2 and CDK4 amplification. Using FISH as gold standard, MLPA showed a sensitivity of 90% (36/40) and a specificity of 100% (31/31) in detecting amplification of MDM2 and CDK4 in lipomatous soft tissue tumors. In case of high-level amplification (MDM2-CDK4/CEP12 ratio >5), concordance was 100%. Four cases of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (4/26, 15%) with a low MDM2 and CDK4 amplification level (MDM2-CDK4/CEP12 ratio ranging between 2 and 2.5) detected by FISH showed no amplification by MLPA, although gain of MDM2 and CDK4 (ratios ranging between 1.6 and 1.9) was seen with MLPA. No amplification was detected in benign lipomatous tumors and pleomorphic liposarcomas. Furthermore, there was a very high concordance between the ratios obtained by FISH and MLPA. In conclusion, MLPA proves to be an appropriate and straightforward technique for screening MDM2/CDK4 amplification in lipomatous tumors, especially when a correct cut-off value and reference samples are chosen, and could be considered a good alternative to FISH to determine MDM2 and CDK4 amplification in liposarcomas. Moreover, because MLPA, as a multiplex technique, allows simultaneous detection of multiple chromosomal changes of interest, it could be in the future a very reliable and fast molecular analysis on paraffin-embedded material to test for other diagnostically, prognostically, or therapeutically relevant genomic mutations in lipomatous tumors.
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69
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Saâda-Bouzid E, Burel-Vandenbos F, Ranchère-Vince D, Birtwisle-Peyrottes I, Chetaille B, Bouvier C, Château MC, Peoc'h M, Battistella M, Bazin A, Gal J, Michiels JF, Coindre JM, Pedeutour F, Bianchini L. Prognostic value of HMGA2, CDK4, and JUN amplification in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1404-14. [PMID: 26336885 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HMGA2, CDK4, and JUN genes have been described as frequently coamplified with MDM2 in atypical lipomatous tumor, well-differentiated liposarcoma, and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. We studied the frequency of amplification of these genes in a series of 48 dedifferentiated liposarcomas and 68 atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas. We correlated their amplification status with clinicopathological features and outcomes. Histologically, both CDK4 (P=0.007) and JUN (P=0.005) amplifications were associated with dedifferentiated liposarcoma, whereas amplification of the proximal parts of HMGA2 (5'-untranslated region (UTR) and exons 1-3) was associated with atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (P=0.01). CDK4 amplification was associated with axial tumors. Amplification of 5'-UTR and exons 1-3 of HMGA2 was associated with primary status and grade 1. Shorter overall survival was correlated with: age >64 years (P=0.03), chemotherapy used in first intent (P<0.001), no surgery (P=0.003), grade 3 (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P<0.001), node involvement (P=0.006), and CDK4 amplification (P=0.07). In multivariate analysis, distant metastasis (HR=8.8) and grade 3 (HR=18.2) were associated with shorter overall survival. A shorter recurrence-free survival was associated with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (P<0.001), grade 3 (P<0.001), node involvement (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P=0.02), recurrent status (P=0.009), axial location (P=0.001), and with molecular features such as CDK4 (P=0.05) and JUN amplification (P=0.07). Amplification of 5'-UTR and exons 1-3 (P=0.08) and 3'-UTR (P=0.01) of HMGA2 were associated with longer recurrence-free survival. Distant metastasis was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (HR=5.8) in multivariate analysis. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma type was associated with axial location, grade 3 and recurrent status. In conclusion, we showed that the amplification of HMGA2 was associated with the atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma histological type and a good prognosis, whereas CDK4 and JUN amplifications were associated with dedifferentiated liposarcoma histology and a bad prognosis. In addition, we also provided the first description of the molecular evolution of a well-differentiated liposarcoma into four successive dedifferentiated liposarcoma relapses, which was consistent with our general observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Saâda-Bouzid
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Chetaille
- Biopathology Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Bouvier
- Pathology Department, Marseille University Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Michel Peoc'h
- Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Maxime Battistella
- Laboratory of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Bazin
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Jocelyn Gal
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Bianchini
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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70
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Sievers E, Trautmann M, Kindler D, Huss S, Gruenewald I, Dirksen U, Renner M, Mechtersheimer G, Pedeutour F, Åman P, Nishio J, Schildhaus HU, Kirfel J, Schirmacher P, Wardelmann E, Buettner R, Hartmann W. SRC inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy in liposarcoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2578-88. [PMID: 26084847 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcomas (LS) are the most common malignant mesenchymal tumors, with an overall long-term mortality rate of 60%. LS comprise three major subtypes, i.e., well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLS/DDLS), myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MLS) and pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLS). Aiming at the preclinical identification of novel therapeutic options, we here investigate the functional significance of SRC in primary human LS and in LS-derived cell lines. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses reveal relevant levels of activated p-(Tyr416)-SRC in LS of the different subtypes with particular activation in MLS and PLS. Dysregulation of the SRC modifiers CSK and PTP1B was excluded as major reason for the activation of the kinase. Consistent siRNA-mediated knockdown of SRC or inhibition by the SRC inhibitor Dasatinib led to decreased proliferation of LS cell lines of the different subtypes, with MLS cells reacting particularly sensitive in MTT assays. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that this effect was due to a significant decrease in mitotic activity and an induction of apoptosis. SRC inhibition by Dasatinib resulted in dephosphorylation of SRC itself, its interacting partners FAK and IGF-IR as well as its downstream target AKT. Consistent with a particular role of SRC in cell motility, Dasatinib reduced the migratory and invasive potential of MLS cells in Boyden chamber and Matrigel chamber assays. In summary, we provide evidence that SRC activation plays an important role in LS biology and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target, particularly in MLS and PLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sievers
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kindler
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Inga Gruenewald
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcus Renner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Pierre Åman
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jun Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Jutta Kirfel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Reinhard Buettner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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71
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Toulmonde M, Le Cesne A, Piperno-Neumann S, Penel N, Chevreau C, Duffaud F, Bellera C, Italiano A. Aplidin in patients with advanced dedifferentiated liposarcomas: a French Sarcoma Group Single-Arm Phase II study. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1465-70. [PMID: 26041763 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical data have suggested a therapeutic role of JUN pathway activation in dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) tumorigenesis. Aplidin is a drug inducing apoptosis through a strong, sustained activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. METHODS This phase II trial included patients with progressive advanced DDLPS. They received Aplidin 5 mg/m(2) days 1-15, 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was the 3-month nonprogression rate (PFS3) defined as the proportion of patients with nonprogressive disease at 3 months. A PFS3 of 40% considered as a reasonable objective to claim drug efficacy. RESULTS Between August 2012 and May 2013, 24 patients were included. Sixteen had received prior chemotherapy. Twenty-two were assessable for efficacy. The PFS3 was 9.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-29.2]. Median progression-free and overall survivals were 1.6 months (95% CI 1.4-2.6) and 9.2 months (95% CI 6.6-). The most frequent adverse events of any grade were nausea, fatigue, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea. CONCLUSION Aplidin did not meet the primary end point of this trial and do not deserve further investigation in DDLPS. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01876043.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toulmonde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux
| | - A Le Cesne
- Department of Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif
| | | | - N Penel
- Department of Medicine, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille
| | - C Chevreau
- Department of Medicine, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse
| | - F Duffaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille
| | - C Bellera
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux Data Center for Cancer Clinical Trials, CTD-INCa, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux
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72
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Karadayi K, Yildiz C, Karakus S, Kurt A, Bozkurt B, Soylu S, Cicekli AA, Egilmez R, Cetin A. Well-differentiated abdominal liposarcoma: experience of a tertiary care center. World J Surg Oncol 2015; 13:166. [PMID: 25927975 PMCID: PMC4422134 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We presented abdominal liposarcoma cases diagnosed and managed in a tertiary care center and also conducted a literature review on main features of this tumor. Methods Chart reviews of eight cases were conducted, and clinical, surgical, histopathological, and follow-up data were recorded. Results Overall, complete surgical resection was performed with adjacent organ resection in 25% of cases, and radiotherapy was not administered. Recurrence was developed in only one case and died after 2 years and 3 months, and other cases are under follow-up without recurrence. Histopatological examinations revealed findings of well-differentiated liposarcoma. Conclusions According to our surgical experience, the surgical margin positivity may not be a determining factor for the survival of patients with well-differentiated liposarcoma, and in the absence of macroscopic invasion, adjacent organ resection may not be required. Radiotherapy may not be preferred when complete resection of abdominal mass was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Karadayi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey. .,The Division of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Caglar Yildiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Savas Karakus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Atilla Kurt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Birkan Bozkurt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Soylu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Ayse A Cicekli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Reyhan Egilmez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
| | - Ali Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey.
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73
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Olanich ME, Sun W, Hewitt SM, Abdullaev Z, Pack SD, Barr FG. CDK4 Amplification Reduces Sensitivity to CDK4/6 Inhibition in Fusion-Positive Rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4947-59. [PMID: 25810375 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma and includes a PAX3- or PAX7-FOXO1 fusion-positive subtype. Amplification of chromosomal region 12q13-q14, which contains the CDK4 proto-oncogene, was identified in an aggressive subset of fusion-positive RMS. CDK4/6 inhibitors have antiproliferative activity in CDK4-amplified liposarcoma and neuroblastoma, suggesting CDK4/6 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in fusion-positive RMS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the biologic consequences of CDK4 knockdown, CDK4 overexpression, and pharmacologic CDK4/6 inhibition by LEE011 in fusion-positive RMS cell lines and xenografts. RESULTS Knockdown of CDK4 abrogated proliferation and transformation of 12q13-14-amplified and nonamplified fusion-positive RMS cells via G1-phase cell-cycle arrest. This arrest was mediated by reduced RB phosphorylation and E2F-responsive gene expression. Significant differences in E2F target expression, cell-cycle distribution, proliferation, or transformation were not observed in RMS cells overexpressing CDK4. Treatment with LEE011 phenocopied CDK4 knockdown, decreasing viability, RB phosphorylation, and E2F-responsive gene expression and inducing G1-phase cell-cycle arrest. Although all fusion-positive cell lines showed sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition, there was diminished sensitivity associated with CDK4 amplification and overexpression. This variable responsiveness to LEE011 was recapitulated in xenograft models of CDK4-amplified and nonamplified fusion-positive RMS. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that CDK4 is necessary but overexpression is not sufficient for RB-E2F-mediated G1-phase cell-cycle progression, proliferation, and transformation in fusion-positive RMS. Our studies indicate that LEE011 is active in the setting of fusion-positive RMS and suggest that low CDK4-expressing fusion-positive tumors may be particularly susceptible to CDK4/6 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Olanich
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wenyue Sun
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Tissue Array Research Program and Applied Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Chromosome Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Svetlana D Pack
- Chromosome Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frederic G Barr
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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74
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Matthyssens LE, Creytens D, Ceelen WP. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma: current insights in diagnosis and treatment. Front Surg 2015; 2:4. [PMID: 25713799 PMCID: PMC4322543 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLS) is a rare, biologically heterogeneous tumor that present considerable challenges due to its size and deep location. As a consequence, the majority of patients with high-grade RLS will develop locally recurrent disease following surgery, and this constitutes the cause of death in most patients. Here, we review current insights and controversies regarding histology, molecular biology, extent of surgery, (neo)adjuvant treatment, and systemic treatment including novel targeted agents in RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wim P Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
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75
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Carneiro BA, Meeks JJ, Kuzel TM, Scaranti M, Abdulkadir SA, Giles FJ. Emerging therapeutic targets in bladder cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 41:170-8. [PMID: 25498841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (BCa) remains a major challenge. Comprehensive genomic profiling of tumors and identification of driver mutations may reveal new therapeutic targets. This manuscript discusses relevant molecular drivers of the malignant phenotype and agents with therapeutic potential in BCa. Small molecule pan-FGFR inhibitors have shown encouraging efficacy and safety results especially among patients with activating FGFR mutations or translocations. mTOR inhibitors for patients with TSC1 mutations and concomitant targeting of PI3K and MEK represent strategies to block PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Encouraging preclinical results with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) exemplifies a new potential treatment for HER2-positive BCa along with innovative bispecific antibodies. Inhibitors of cell cycle regulators (aurora kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4) are being investigated in combination with chemotherapy. Early results of clinical studies with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PDL1 are propelling immune modulating drugs to the forefront of emerging treatments for BCa. Collectively, these novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies hold promise to improve the outcome of patients afflicted with this malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Aurora Kinases/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/metabolism
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Maytansine/analogs & derivatives
- Maytansine/pharmacology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trastuzumab
- Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 Protein
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/metabolism
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedito A Carneiro
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States.
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
| | - Timothy M Kuzel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
| | - Mariana Scaranti
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
| | - Francis J Giles
- Northwestern Medicine Developmental Therapeutics Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, United States
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76
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Jour G, Gullet A, Liu M, Hoch BL. Prognostic relevance of Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer grade and MDM2 amplification levels in dedifferentiated liposarcoma: a study of 50 cases. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:37-47. [PMID: 25059573 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma represents a form of liposarcoma composed of a non-lipogenic sarcoma associated with well-differentiated liposarcoma. The prognostic significance of histological grading of the dedifferentiated component remains to be elucidated due to vague grading criteria employed in previous studies. Molecular markers of tumor behavior, including amplification levels of murine double minute-2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase-4 (CDK4) genes, have been explored in a limited number of cases. Here we investigate whether 'Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer' (FNCLCC) grade and MDM2 gene amplification levels have prognostic value in dedifferentiated liposarcoma in terms of local recurrence and disease-specific survival. Fifty cases were retrieved, reviewed and FNCLCC grade was scored for the dedifferentiated component. Testing for MDM2 gene amplification was performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Amplification was categorized as high level (≥20 copies) and as low level (<20 copies). Follow-up data was obtained through chart review. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the effect of grade and level of MDM2 amplification on outcomes. Our series includes 50 patients (male n=28, female n=22) with an average age of 63 years (range, 28-88) and a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 2-120). Tumors were graded as grade 1 (6%), grade 2 (58%), and grade 3 (36%). When adjusted for age, sex, site, tumor size, and margin status, grade 3 patients had a higher recurrence rate than grades 1 and 2 (HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.24, 7.62; P=0.015). Patients with high-level MDM2 amplification had higher recurrence rate on univariate analysis (P=0.028), but not on multivariate analysis (HR=1.69, 95% CI: 0.73, 3.94; P=0.221). FNCLCC grade 3 dedifferentiation confers a worse prognosis in dedifferentiated liposarcoma in terms of local recurrence. MDM2 amplification level remains a useful diagnostic tool in dedifferentiated liposarcoma, but has no prognostic value in terms of local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jour
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashley Gullet
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mingdong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Hoch
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
Adipocytic tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms, liposarcoma accounting for approximately 20% of soft tissue sarcomas. The differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors is often problematic and represents a significant proportion of consultation cases. The goal of this article is to review liposarcoma subtypes, the main benign adipocytic neoplasms: lipoblastoma, hibernoma, spindle/pleomorphic cell lipoma, chondroid lipoma, as well as non adipocytic neoplasms with a lipomatous component such as lipomatous solitary fibrous tumor, emphasizing on practical differential diagnosis issues, and immunohistochemical and molecular tools allowing their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Stock
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, pôle cellules et tissus, CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 9, France.
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78
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STAT6 is amplified in a subset of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1231-7. [PMID: 24457460 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A recurrent intrachromosomal rearrangement on chromosome 12q in solitary fibrous tumor leads to the formation of a NAB2-STAT6 fusion oncogene. As a result, nuclear expression of the cytoplasmic transcription factor STAT6 is found in solitary fibrous tumor and serves as a useful diagnostic marker. STAT6 is located in 12q13, a region containing well-characterized oncogenes that are commonly amplified in dedifferentiated liposarcoma; we have previously reported that STAT6 is expressed in a subset of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of STAT6 expression in dedifferentiated liposarcoma and the underlying genetic mechanism. STAT6 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized series of 35 previously unpublished cases of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, all with nuclear MDM2 and/or CDK4 expression by immunohistochemistry and/or cytogenetic features of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. FISH for STAT6 was performed in all cases with STAT6 expression, and a subset of control cases without STAT6 expression. In total 4/35 cases (11%) showed STAT6 expression (three with multifocal staining of moderate to strong intensity and one with weak focal staining). FISH demonstrated amplification of STAT6 in all cases positive for STAT6 by immunohistochemistry; in contrast, FISH performed on four STAT6-negative dedifferentiated liposarcomas demonstrated no STAT6 amplification (P=0.0286). Of the four STAT6 amplified cases, three patients were male and one was female, ranging in age from 51 to 76 years. Tumors were located in the mediastinum (n=2), paratesticular soft tissue (n=1), and perirenal soft tissue (n=1). Three patients received pre-operative chemotherapy +/- radiation therapy. In conclusion, STAT6 is amplified in a subset of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, resulting in STAT6 protein expression that can be detected by immunohistochemistry and may be a potential pitfall in the differential diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma and solitary fibrous tumor. These findings suggest a role for STAT6-mediated transcriptional activity in some cases of dedifferentiated liposarcoma and highlight the genomic complexity and heterogeneity of dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
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79
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CDK4 amplification predicts recurrence of well-differentiated liposarcoma of the abdomen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99452. [PMID: 25121597 PMCID: PMC4133208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of CDK4 amplification in liposarcomas is associated with favorable prognosis. We aimed to identify the factors associated with tumor recurrence in patients with well-differentiated (WD) and dedifferentiated (DD) liposarcomas. METHODS From 2000 to 2010, surgical resections for 101 WD and DD liposarcomas were performed. Cases in which complete surgical resections with curative intent were carried out were selected. MDM2 and CDK4 gene amplification were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). RESULTS There were 31 WD and 17 DD liposarcomas. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 11 WD and 3 DD liposarcomas. WD liposarcomas showed better patient survival compared to DD liposarcomas (P<0.05). Q-PCR analysis of the liposarcomas revealed the presence of CDK4 amplification in 44 cases (91.7%) and MDM2 amplification in 46 cases (95.8%). WD liposarcomas with recurrence after surgical resection had significantly higher levels of CDK4 amplification compared to those without recurrence (P = 0.041). High level of CDK4 amplification (cases with CDK4 amplification higher than the median 7.54) was associated with poor recurrence-free survival compared to low CDK4 amplification in both univariate (P = 0.012) and multivariate analyses (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Level of CDK4 amplification determined by Q-PCR was associated with the recurrence of WD liposarcomas after surgical resection.
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80
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Abstract
Unrestrained growth is the hallmark of cancer, and disrupted cell-cycle regulation is, therefore, common. CDK4 is the key regulator of the G1-S transition. In complex with cyclin D, CDK4 phosphorylates retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and drives cell-cycle progression, a process inhibited by p16. The p16-CDK4-cyclin D-Rb is aberrant in the majority of cancers and is, thus, a logical target for anticancer therapy. Previous attempts to block CDK4 with nonselective cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors led to toxicity and little efficacy. However, the recent development of selective CDK4 inhibitors launched the first successful efforts to target the pathway for cancer therapy. Three oral selective CDK4 inhibitors have entered clinical trials: palbociclib (PD0332991), LEE011, and LY2835219. CDK4 inhibitors have in vitro activity against a broad range of cancers and in patients have shown antitumor activity in breast cancer, lymphoma, sarcoma, and other tumors. Major efforts are under way to develop biomarkers of response, understand potential mechanisms of resistance, and develop rational combinations of CDK4 inhibitors with chemotherapy and other targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Dickson
- Author's Affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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81
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Jiang W, Li YQ, Liu N, Sun Y, He QM, Jiang N, Xu YF, Chen L, Ma J. 5-Azacytidine enhances the radiosensitivity of CNE2 and SUNE1 cells in vitro and in vivo possibly by altering DNA methylation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93273. [PMID: 24691157 PMCID: PMC3972231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioresistance of tumor cells remains a major cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, several reports have highlighted the importance of epigenetic changes in radiation-induced responses. Here, we investigated whether the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) enhances the radiosensitivity of NPC cells. The NPC cell lines CNE2 and SUNE1 were treated with 1 μmol/L 5-azaC for 24 h before irradiation (IR); clonogenic survival was then assessed. Tumor growth was investigated in a mouse xenograft model in vivo. The apoptosis, cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair were examined using flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. Promoter methylation and the expression of four genes epigenetically silenced during the development of NPC were evaluated by pyrosequencing and real-time PCR. We found that pretreatment with 5-azaC significantly decreased clonogenic survival after IR compared to IR alone; the sensitivity-enhancement ratio of 5-azaC was 1.4 and 1.2 for CNE2 and SUNE1 cells, respectively. The combined administration of 5-azaC and IR significantly inhibited tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model, and enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in vitro compared to 5-azaC alone or IR alone. 5-AzaC also decreased promoter methylation and upregulated the expression of genes which are epigenetically silenced both in vitro and in vivo in NPC. Thus, 5-azaC enhance the radiosensitivity of both the CNE2 and SUNE1 cell lines, possibly by altering DNA methylation levels and increasing the ability of irradiated cells to undergo apoptosis. The use of 5-azaC combined with IR maybe represent an attractive strategy for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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82
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Lu Y, Wu Y, Feng X, Shen R, Wang JH, Fallahi M, Li W, Yang C, Hankey W, Zhao W, Ganju RK, Li MO, Cleveland JL, Zou X. CDK4 deficiency promotes genomic instability and enhances Myc-driven lymphomagenesis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1672-84. [PMID: 24614102 DOI: 10.1172/jci63139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The G1 kinase CDK4 is amplified or overexpressed in some human tumors and promotes tumorigenesis by inhibiting known tumor suppressors. Here, we report that CDK4 deficiency markedly accelerated lymphoma development in the Eμ-Myc transgenic mouse model of B lymphoma and that silencing or loss of CDK4 augmented the tumorigenic potential of Myc-driven mouse and human B cell lymphoma in transplant models. Accelerated disease in CDK4-deficient Eμ-Myc transgenic mice was associated with rampant genomic instability that was provoked by dysregulation of a FOXO1/RAG1/RAG2 pathway. Specifically, CDK4 phosphorylated and inactivated FOXO1, which prevented FOXO1-dependent induction of Rag1 and Rag2 transcription. CDK4-deficient Eμ-Myc B cells had high levels of the active form of FOXO1 and elevated RAG1 and RAG2. Furthermore, overexpression of RAG1 and RAG2 accelerated lymphoma development in a transplant model, with RAG1/2-expressing tumors exhibiting hallmarks of genomic instability. Evaluation of human tumor samples revealed that CDK4 expression was markedly suppressed, while FOXO1 expression was elevated, in several subtypes of human non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma. Collectively, these findings establish a context-specific tumor suppressor function for CDK4 that prevents genomic instability, which contributes to B cell lymphoma. Furthermore, our data suggest that targeting CDK4 may increase the risk for the development and/or progression of lymphoma.
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83
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Egan JB, Barrett MT, Champion MD, Middha S, Lenkiewicz E, Evers L, Francis P, Schmidt J, Shi CX, Van Wier S, Badar S, Ahmann G, Kortuem KM, Boczek NJ, Fonseca R, Craig DW, Carpten JD, Borad MJ, Stewart AK. Whole genome analyses of a well-differentiated liposarcoma reveals novel SYT1 and DDR2 rearrangements. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87113. [PMID: 24505276 PMCID: PMC3914808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma, but little is known about the genomic basis of this disease. Given the low cell content of this tumor type, we utilized flow cytometry to isolate the diploid normal and aneuploid tumor populations from a well-differentiated liposarcoma prior to array comparative genomic hybridization and whole genome sequencing. This work revealed massive highly focal amplifications throughout the aneuploid tumor genome including MDM2, a gene that has previously been found to be amplified in well-differentiated liposarcoma. Structural analysis revealed massive rearrangement of chromosome 12 and 11 gene fusions, some of which may be part of double minute chromosomes commonly present in well-differentiated liposarcoma. We identified a hotspot of genomic instability localized to a region of chromosome 12 that includes a highly conserved, putative L1 retrotransposon element, LOC100507498 which resides within a gene cluster (NAV3, SYT1, PAWR) where 6 of the 11 fusion events occurred. Interestingly, a potential gene fusion was also identified in amplified DDR2, which is a potential therapeutic target of kinase inhibitors such as dastinib, that are not routinely used in the treatment of patients with liposarcoma. Furthermore, 7 somatic, damaging single nucleotide variants have also been identified, including D125N in the PTPRQ protein. In conclusion, this work is the first to report the entire genome of a well-differentiated liposarcoma with novel chromosomal rearrangements associated with amplification of therapeutically targetable genes such as MDM2 and DDR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Egan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Barrett
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mia D. Champion
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sumit Middha
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Lenkiewicz
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lisa Evers
- Clinical Translational Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Princy Francis
- Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jessica Schmidt
- Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Chang-Xin Shi
- Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Scott Van Wier
- Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sandra Badar
- Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregory Ahmann
- Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - K. Martin Kortuem
- Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Nicole J. Boczek
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David W. Craig
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - John D. Carpten
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mitesh J. Borad
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - A. Keith Stewart
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- Division of Hematology/Oncology Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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84
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Kollár A, Benson C. Current management options for liposarcoma and challenges for the future. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:297-306. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.869173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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85
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Mariño-Enríquez A, Hornick JL, Dal Cin P, Cibas ES, Qian X. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma and pleomorphic liposarcoma. Cancer Cytopathol 2013; 122:128-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mariño-Enríquez
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Edmund S. Cibas
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Xiaohua Qian
- Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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86
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Lewin J, Puri A, Quek R, Ngan R, Alcasabas AP, Wood D, Thomas D. Management of sarcoma in the Asia-Pacific region: resource-stratified guidelines. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:e562-70. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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87
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Nord KH, Macchia G, Tayebwa J, Nilsson J, Vult von Steyern F, Brosjö O, Mandahl N, Mertens F. Integrative genome and transcriptome analyses reveal two distinct types of ring chromosome in soft tissue sarcomas. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:878-88. [PMID: 24070870 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene amplification is a common phenomenon in malignant neoplasms of all types. One mechanism behind increased gene copy number is the formation of ring chromosomes. Such structures are mitotically unstable and during tumor progression they accumulate material from many different parts of the genome. Hence, their content varies considerably between and within tumors. Partly due to this extensive variation, the genetic content of many ring-containing tumors remains poorly characterized. Ring chromosomes are particularly prevalent in specific subtypes of sarcoma. Here, we have combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), global genomic copy number and gene expression data on ring-containing soft tissue sarcomas and show that they harbor two fundamentally different types of ring chromosome: MDM2-positive and MDM2-negative rings. While the former are often found in an otherwise normal chromosome complement, the latter seem to arise in the context of general chromosomal instability. In line with this, sarcomas with MDM2-negative rings commonly show complete loss of either CDKN2A or RB1 -both known to be important for genome integrity. Sarcomas with MDM2-positive rings instead show co-amplification of a variety of potential driver oncogenes. More than 100 different genes were found to be involved, many of which are known to induce cell growth, promote proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. Several of the amplified and overexpressed genes constitute potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin H Nord
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Can HMGI-C be used as an aid with MDM2 and CDK4 to differentiate liposarcoma subtypes from their mimics? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1073-81. [PMID: 23529275 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liposarcoma represents the most common soft tissue tumors in adults. The tumors are characterized by a high morphological diversity and a great variation in biological behavior. Atypical lipomatous tumors represent a distinctive subset of mesenchymal neoplasms featuring mature adipocytic differentiation. Histologically, atypical lipomatous tumor might be easily confused with lipoma. Conversely, dedifferentiated liposarcoma may be confused with other spindle cell/pleomorphic undifferentiated tumors. METHODS A group of liposarcomas was analyzed by investigating the MDM2, CDK4, and HMGI-C proteins. The study was extended to a group of lipomas and non-lipomatous sarcomas, to determine whether the immunohistochemical investigation of these proteins might play any diagnostic role. RESULTS Our data suggest that ordinary lipomas may form a molecular genetic and morphological continuum with atypical lipomatous tumor. At one end of the spectrum are lipomas characterized by HMGI-C activation and at the other end are atypical lipomatous tumors with overrepresentation of the HMGI-C, CDK4, or MDM2 proteins. These findings not only provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of lipomatous tumors, but also indicate that the immunohistochemical analysis of HMGI-C, CDK4, or MDM2 may help to increase diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS HMGI-C is a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of atypical lipomatous tumor and dedifferentiated liposarcoma and differentiates them from their mimics. Therefore, in our experience, HMGI-C expression alone is of rather limited value in the differential diagnosis of liposarcoma subtypes.
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89
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Hui W, Yuntao L, Lun L, WenSheng L, ChaoFeng L, HaiYong H, Yueyang B. MicroRNA-195 inhibits the proliferation of human glioma cells by directly targeting cyclin D1 and cyclin E1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54932. [PMID: 23383003 PMCID: PMC3557299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma proliferation is a multistep process during which a sequence of genetic and epigenetic alterations randomly occur to affect the genes controlling cell proliferation, cell death and genetic stability. microRNAs are emerging as important epigenetic modulators of multiple target genes, leading to abnormal cellular signaling involving cellular proliferation in cancers.In the present study, we found that expression of miR-195 was markedly downregulated in glioma cell lines and human primary glioma tissues, compared to normal human astrocytes and matched non-tumor associated tissues. Upregulation of miR-195 dramatically reduced the proliferation of glioma cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that ectopic expression of miR-195 significantly decreased the percentage of S phase cells and increased the percentage of G1/G0 phase cells. Overexpression of miR-195 dramatically reduced the anchorage-independent growth ability of glioma cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-195 downregulated the levels of phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in glioma cells. Conversely, inhibition of miR-195 promoted cell proliferation, increased the percentage of S phase cells, reduced the percentage of G1/G0 phase cells, enhanced anchorage-independent growth ability, upregulated the phosphorylation of pRb and PCNA in glioma cells. Moreover, we show that miR-195 inhibited glioma cell proliferation by downregulating expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, via directly targeting the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR) of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 mRNA. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-195 plays an important role to inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells, and present a novel mechanism for direct miRNA-mediated suppression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lu Yuntao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luo Lun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li WenSheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang ChaoFeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He HaiYong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ba Yueyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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90
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Kyriazoglou AI, Vieira J, Dimitriadis E, Arnogiannaki N, Teixeira MR, Pandis N. 12q amplification defines a subtype of extraskeletal osteosarcoma with good prognosis that is the soft tissue homologue of parosteal osteosarcoma. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:332-6. [PMID: 22749040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare tumors with neoplastic cells synthesizing bone, usually associated with poor prognosis. We present the case of a 40-year-old man with an extraskeletal osteosarcoma that was treated by surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Thirteen years after the diagnosis, he remains disease-free, without any recurrences or metastases. Histopathological analysis favored the diagnosis of chondroblastic extraskeletal osteosarcoma grade II. G-banding, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and real-time PCR for the MDM2 and CDK4 genes were performed to describe the genetic profile of this tumor and revealed aberrations that are common findings of parosteal osteosarcomas. Ring chromosomes, giant marker chromosomes, and a telomeric association were found with G-banding. CGH revealed that 12q was amplified in the ring and giant markers identified by G-banding. Real-time PCR for MDM2 and CDK4 confirmed the amplification of these genes located in 12q. Our findings suggest that a variant of extraskeletal osteosarcoma, which is genotypically similar to parosteal osteosarcoma, exists and is associated with good prognosis.
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91
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Mertens F, Brosjö O, von Steyern FV, Nord KH, Mandahl N. The MDM2 SNP309 G allele is not preferentially amplified in bone and soft tissue tumors. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:470-3. [PMID: 22939400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional enhancer region in intron 1 of the proto-oncogene MDM2 contains a polymorphic site (SNP309) that may harbor a G or a T nucleotide. Previous studies have shown that the G allele confers a higher affinity for the Sp1 transcription factor, resulting in an increased transcriptional activity of MDM2. A constitutional G allele has also been associated with earlier onset of various cancer types, and studies of sarcomas have shown an enrichment of the G allele in tumors with MDM2 amplification, notably atypical lipomatous tumor (also known as well-differentiated liposarcoma). In the present study, we analyzed the SNP309 genotype in blood samples and tumor tissue from 57 patients with bone or soft tissue tumors showing amplification of MDM2. We did not observe any constitutional enrichment of the G allele. More importantly, there was no preferential amplification of the G allele in tumor tissue from TG heterozygotes. The expression levels of MDM2 messenger RNA were not higher in tumors with amplification of the G allele than in tumors with amplification of the T allele. Thus, we could not find any evidence for a selective advantage of the SNP309 G allele in bone and soft tissue tumors with MDM2 amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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92
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Loss of Retinoblastoma Protein Expression in Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipomas and Cytogenetically Related Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2012; 36:1119-28. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31825d532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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93
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Pennacchioli E, Tosti G, Barberis M, De Pas TM, Verrecchia F, Menicanti C, Testori A, Mazzarol G. Sarcoma spreads primarily through the vascular system: are there biomarkers associated with vascular spread? Clin Exp Metastasis 2012; 29:757-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-012-9502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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94
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Pedeutour F, Maire G, Pierron A, Thomas DM, Garsed DW, Bianchini L, Duranton-Tanneur V, Cortes-Maurel A, Italiano A, Squire JA, Coindre JM. A newly characterized human well-differentiated liposarcoma cell line contains amplifications of the 12q12-21 and 10p11-14 regions. Virchows Arch 2012; 461:67-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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95
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Luke JJ, D'Adamo DR, Dickson MA, Keohan ML, Carvajal RD, Maki RG, de Stanchina E, Musi E, Singer S, Schwartz GK. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol potentiates doxorubicin efficacy in advanced sarcomas: preclinical investigations and results of a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2638-47. [PMID: 22374332 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysregulated cyclin-dependent kinases are important to the growth of some sarcomas. Flavopiridol is a pan-CDK inhibitor that has been shown to potentiate chemotherapy. As such, we explored the potentiation of doxorubicin by flavopiridol in sarcoma, in vitro and in vivo, and conducted a phase I trial of flavopiridol with doxorubicin in patients with advanced sarcomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sarcoma cell lines and xenografts were treated with flavopiridol alone and in combination with doxorubicin. In the phase I study, doxorubicin and flavopiridol were administered on two flavopiridol schedules; a 1-hour bolus and split dosing as a 30-minute bolus followed by a 4-hour infusion. RESULTS Preclinically, flavopiridol potentiated doxorubicin. In vivo, doxorubicin administered 1 hour before flavopiridol was more active than doxorubicin alone. Clinically, 31 patients were enrolled on protocol and flavopiridol was escalated to target dose in two schedules (90 mg/m(2) bolus; 50 mg/m(2) bolus + 40 mg/m(2) infusion) both in combination with doxorubicin (60 mg/m(2)). Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia, leukopenia, and febrile neutropenia but no maximum tolerated dose was defined. Flavopiridol pharmacokinetics showed increasing C(max) with increasing dose. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) responses included two partial responses, however, stable disease was seen in 16 patients. Of 12 evaluable patients with progressive well- and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, eight had stable disease greater than 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The sequential combination of doxorubicin followed by flavopiridol is well tolerated on both schedules. Disease control was observed in well- and dedifferentiated liposarcoma specifically, a disease in which CDK4 is known to be amplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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96
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Mavrogenis AF, Lesensky J, Romagnoli C, Alberghini M, Letson GD, Ruggieri P. Atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas: clinical outcome of 67 patients. Orthopedics 2011; 34:e893-8. [PMID: 22146207 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20111021-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas are low-grade malignant mesenchymal neoplasms with high propensity to local recurrence and potential to dedifferentiate to higher grades over time. However, the published risks of local recurrence and dedifferentiation vary, and no unified treatment and follow-up plan has been accepted. We performed a study to evaluate the long-term clinical behavior and proper treatment and follow-up strategy for these tumors. We retrospectively reviewed the files of 101 patients treated between 1990 and 2008 with the diagnosis of atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas. For 67 of these patients, complete data and 2-year minimum follow-up were available and were included in the study; 47 patients (group A) had primary surgical treatment at our institution and 20 patients (group B) were referred after ≥1 local recurrences. Mean follow-up was 81 months (range, 24-229 months). The local recurrence rate of primary atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas was 10.6% (5/47 group A patients). The local re-recurrence rate of the recurrent atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas was 52% (13/67 group A and B patients). Recurrences developed as late as 140 months after diagnosis and treatment. The rate of dedifferentiation at recurrences was 4% (1/25 group A and B patients with recurrent tumors). No patients developed metastases. Atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas are associated with an increased rate of local re-recurrence and low risk of dedifferentiation at recurrences. Long-term follow-up is recommended for early diagnosis and treatment of local recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Mavrogenis
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Bologna, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli, 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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ElMoneim HMA, El Sherbiny YM. Evaluation of immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 protein in comparison with MDM2 gene amplification in diagnosing lipomatous tumors. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 31:92-97. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xej.0000406597.88861.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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98
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Italiano A, Toulmonde M, Cioffi A, Penel N, Isambert N, Bompas E, Duffaud F, Patrikidou A, Lortal B, Le Cesne A, Blay JY, Maki RG, Schwartz GK, Antonescu CR, Singer S, Coindre JM, Bui B. Advanced well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas: role of chemotherapy and survival. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:1601-7. [PMID: 22039081 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the role of systemic therapy in patients with advanced well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS/DDLPS) are limited. METHODS From 2000 to 2010, 208 patients with advanced WDLPS/DDLPS received chemotherapy in 11 participating institutions. Clinical and pathological data were collected by reviewing medical records. RESULTS Median age was 63 years (range 32-84). Combination chemotherapy was delivered in 85 cases (41%) and single agent in 123 cases (59%), respectively. One hundred and seventy-one patients (82%) received an anthracycline-containing regimen. Using RECIST, objective response was observed in 21 patients (12%), all treated with anthracyclines. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-5.9]. On multivariate analysis, age and performance status (PS) were the sole factors significantly associated with poor PFS. Median overall survival (OS) was 15.2 months (95% CI 11.8 -18.7). On multivariate analysis, grade and PS were the sole factors significantly associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy was associated with clinical benefit in 46% of patients with advanced WDLPS/DDLPS. OS remains poor, even though visceral metastatic disease is less frequent than in other sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liposarcoma, a rare disease, is classified into five histologic subtypes. These include well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS), both characterized by chromosome 12q13-15 amplification. This review will focus on the clinical management of WDLS and DDLS and examine recent molecular studies that have the potential to affect clinical management. RECENT FINDINGS Outcome of patients with WDLS and DDLS depends on completeness of surgical resection as well as tumor location and histologic subtype. Risk of recurrence is high for patients with dedifferentiated histology or retroperitoneal location. We now understand that surgical outcomes are poor for patients with rapidly growing or incompletely resectable tumors, so these patients should be managed nonoperatively. Radiation and chemotherapy have low response rates in WDLS and DDLS, but novel agents targeted at chromosome 12 gene products MDM2 and CDK4 have shown promise in preclinical studies and are being tested in clinical trials. Cell line, tissue microarray, and genomic analyses have identified additional targets including ZIC1, TOP2A, AURKA, and IGF-1R, which could form the basis of future therapies. SUMMARY Although complete surgical resection is currently the most effective treatment for WDLS and DDLS, the majority of patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma will eventually have recurrence and die of disease. It is hoped that a multimodality approach, which incorporates targeted therapies and complete surgical resection, will significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Few standard second-line treatment options exist for advanced sarcoma patients. Some of these patients are offered early-phase clinical trials involving targeted or nontargeted agents. This review outlines recent phase 1 trials involving sarcoma patients, explores current challenges and highlights future opportunities in sarcoma developmental therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS New molecularly targeted phase 1 studies have demonstrated efficacy in sarcomas. For instance, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) antibodies have produced single agent activity in Ewing's sarcoma. Other promising novel agents include an agonist for the apoptosis ligand 2/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL) for chondrosarcoma, small molecule inhibitor crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, cedarinib for alveolar soft part sarcoma, and rexin-G, a tumor targeted retrovector for osteosarcoma. In addition, different combinations of chemotherapy in combination with newer agents such as trabectedin exhibited efficacy in advanced soft tissue sarcoma. SUMMARY Patients with refractory sarcoma demonstrate benefit from treatment with targeted drugs even in the setting of phase 1 trials. Sarcomas that have a defined translocation and those that express specific activated kinases are particularly promising tumors for targeted therapy. The primary challenge is identifying the biomarkers predictive of response or resistance, matching them with specific patient histology, resulting in successful translation of biology into clinical benefit.
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