51
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Lee TH, Yeh CF, Lee YT, Shih YC, Chen YT, Hung CT, You MY, Wu PC, Shentu TP, Huang RT, Lin YS, Wu YF, Lin SJ, Lu FL, Tsao PN, Lin TH, Lo SC, Tseng YS, Wu WL, Chen CN, Wu CC, Lin SL, Sperling AI, Guzy RD, Fang Y, Yang KC. Fibroblast-enriched endoplasmic reticulum protein TXNDC5 promotes pulmonary fibrosis by augmenting TGFβ signaling through TGFBR1 stabilization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4254. [PMID: 32848143 PMCID: PMC7449970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a major public health problem with limited therapeutic options. There is a clear need to identify novel mediators of PF to develop effective therapeutics. Here we show that an ER protein disulfide isomerase, thioredoxin domain containing 5 (TXNDC5), is highly upregulated in the lung tissues from both patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF. Global deletion of Txndc5 markedly reduces the extent of PF and preserves lung function in mice following BLM treatment. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that TXNDC5 promotes fibrogenesis by enhancing TGFβ1 signaling through direct binding with and stabilization of TGFBR1 in lung fibroblasts. Moreover, TGFβ1 stimulation is shown to upregulate TXNDC5 via ER stress/ATF6-dependent transcriptional control in lung fibroblasts. Inducing fibroblast-specific deletion of Txndc5 mitigates the progression of BLM-induced PF and lung function deterioration. Targeting TXNDC5, therefore, could be a novel therapeutic approach against PF. Pulmonary fibrosis is a major public health problem with unclear mechanism and limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that a fibroblast-enriched endoplasmic reticulum protein, TXNDC5, promotes pulmonary fibrosis by stabilizing TGFBR1 and show the potential of TXNDC5 as a therapeutic target against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Han Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Yeh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tung Lee
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Shih
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ting Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi You
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Shentu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ru-Ting Huang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Feng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Frank-Leigh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hung Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhudong, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chuan Lo
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhudong, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuan Tseng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Nien Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuei-Liong Lin
- Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert D Guzy
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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52
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Counteracting Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Damages by Natural Polyphenol Constituent Honokiol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080723. [PMID: 32784851 PMCID: PMC7464045 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, despite its anti-cancer ability, exhibits severe testicular toxicities when applied systemically. Due to its wide application in cancer treatment, reduction of its damages to normal tissue is an imminent clinical need. Here we evaluated the effects of honokiol, a natural lipophilic polyphenol compound, on cisplatin-induced testicular injury. We showed in-vitro and in-vivo that nanosome-encapsulated honokiol attenuated cisplatin-induced DNA oxidative stress by suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species production and elevating gene expressions of mitochondrial antioxidation enzymes. Nanosome honokiol also mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress through down regulation of Bip-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathway. Additionally, this natural polyphenol compound diminished cisplatin-induced DNA breaks and cellular apoptosis. The reduced type I collagen accumulation in the testis likely attributed from inhibition of TGFβ1, αSMA and ER protein TXNDC5 protein expression. The combinatorial beneficial effects better preserve spermatogenic layers and facilitate repopulation of sperm cells. Our study renders opportunity for re-introducing cisplatin to systemic anti-cancer therapy with reduced testicular toxicity and restored fertility.
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53
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田 格, 赵 明, 周 骏, 权 月, 吴 文, 刘 小. [The potential role of calnexin in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2020; 37:450-459. [PMID: 32597087 PMCID: PMC10319564 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calnexin is a lectin-like molecular chaperone protein on the endoplasmic reticulum, mediating unfolded protein responses, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ homeostasis, and Ca 2+ signals conduction. In recent years, studies have found that calnexin plays a key role in the heart diseases. This study aims to explore the role of calnexin in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. A transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model was established to observe the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in vivo, and the in vitro cardiac fibroblasts activation model was established by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. The adenovirus was respectively used to gene overexpression and silencing calnexin in cardiac fibroblasts to elucidate the relationship between calnexin and cardiac fibroblasts activation, as well as the possible underlying mechanism. We confirmed the establishment of TAC model by echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and Sirius red staining, and detecting the expression of cardiac fibrosis markers in cardiac tissues. After TGFβ1 stimulation, markers of the activation of cardiac fibroblast, and proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblast were detected by quantitative PCR, Western blot, EdU assay, and wound healing assay respectively. The results showed that the calnexin expression was reduced in both the TAC mice model and the activated cardiac fibroblasts. The overexpression of calnexin relieved cardiac fibroblasts activation, in contrast, the silencing of calnexin promoted cardiac fibroblasts activation. Furthermore, we found that the endoplasmic reticulum stress was activated during cardiac fibroblasts activation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress was relieved after overexpression of calnexin. Conversely, after the silencing of calnexin, endoplasmic reticulum stress was further aggravated, accompanying with the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. Our data suggest that the overexpression of calnexin may prevent cardiac fibroblasts against activation by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- 格尔 田
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 明月 赵
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 骏腾 周
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 月 权
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 文超 吴
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 小菁 刘
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
- 四川大学华西医院 心内科(成都 610041)Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
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54
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Janssen-Heininger Y, Reynaert NL, van der Vliet A, Anathy V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and glutathione therapeutics in chronic lung diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101516. [PMID: 32249209 PMCID: PMC7251249 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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55
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Yu YCY, Hui TZ, Kao TH, Liao HF, Yang CY, Hou CC, Hsieh HT, Chang JY, Tsai YT, Pinskaya M, Yang KC, Chen YR, Morillon A, Tsai MH, Lin SP. Transient DNMT3L Expression Reinforces Chromatin Surveillance to Halt Senescence Progression in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:103. [PMID: 32195249 PMCID: PMC7064442 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Global heterochromatin reduction, which is one of the hallmarks of senescent cells, is associated with reduced transposable element repression and increased risk of chromatin instability. To ensure genomic integrity, the irreparable cells in a population exit permanently from the cell cycle, and this process is termed "senescence." However, senescence only blocks the expansion of unwanted cells, and the aberrant chromatin of senescent cells remains unstable. Serendipitously, we found that the transient ectopic expression of a repressive epigenetic modulator, DNA methyltransferase 3-like (DNMT3L) was sufficient to delay the premature senescence progression of late-passage mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) associated with a tightened global chromatin structure. DNMT3L induces more repressive H3K9 methylation on endogenous retroviruses and downregulates the derepressed transposons in aging MEFs. In addition, we found that a pulse of ectopic DNMT3L resulted in the reestablishment of H3K27me3 on polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-target genes that were derepressed in old MEFs. We demonstrated that ectopic DNMT3L interacted with PRC2 in MEFs. Our data also suggested that ectopic DNMT3L might guide PRC2 to redress deregulated chromatin regions in cells undergoing senescence. This study might lead to an epigenetic reinforcement strategy for overcoming aging-associated epimutation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoyo Chih-Yun Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Zk Hui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tzu-Hao Kao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Fu Liao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hou
- Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzang Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Marina Pinskaya
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR 3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Graduate Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Antonin Morillon
- ncRNA, Epigenetic and Genome Fluidity, CNRS UMR 3244, Sorbonne Université, PSL University, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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56
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Lou JQ, Cao Y, Yu YJ, Hu L, Mao ZS, Huang P, Hua X, Chen F. Investigation of heart lipid changes in acute β-AR activation-induced sudden cardiac death by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:5889-5896. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ToF-SIMS, PCA and PLS-DA were combined to compare lipid profiles of myocardial tissue in sudden cardiac death and normal, mice and humans. SIMS imaging was utilized to correlate the composition and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qian Lou
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - You-Jia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zheng-Sheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine
- Shanghai Forensic Service Platform
- Academy of Forensic Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xin Hua
- Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine
- Nanjing Medical University
- Nanjing
- China
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease
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57
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Ren Q, Lin P, Wang Q, Zhang B, Feng L. Chronic peripheral ghrelin injection exerts antifibrotic effects by increasing growth differentiation factor 15 in rat hearts with myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol. Physiol Res 2019; 69:439-450. [PMID: 31852204 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of ghrelin in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, ISO, and ISO + ghrelin groups. ISO (2 mg/kg per day, subcutaneous) or vehicle was administered once daily for 7 days, then ghrelin (100 microg/kg per day, subcutaneous) was administered once daily for the next 3 weeks. Ghrelin treatment greatly improved the cardiac function of ISO-treated rats. Ghrelin also decreased plasma brain natriuretic peptide level and ratios of heart weight to body weight and left ventricular weight to body weight. Ghrelin significantly reduced myocardial collagen area and hydroxyproline content, accompanied by decreased mRNA levels of collagen type I and III. Furthermore, ghrelin increased plasma level of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and GDF15 mRNA and protein levels in heart tissues, which were significantly decreased with ISO alone. The phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and GSK-3beta at Ser9 was decreased with ISO, and ghrelin significantly reversed the downregulation of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta. Mediated by GDF15, ghrelin could attenuate ISO-induced myocardial fibrosis via Akt-GSK-3beta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ren
- Geriatric Department of the Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China.
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58
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Yu Y, Sun J, Wang R, Liu J, Wang P, Wang C. Curcumin Management of Myocardial Fibrosis and its Mechanisms of Action: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1675-1710. [PMID: 31786946 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is implicated as a leading risk factor for heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death after cardiac injury, as the excessive interstitial extracellular matrix impedes heart contraction and electrical conduction. Complicated mechanisms involving oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokine families, NLRP3 inflammasomes, growth factors, and non-coding RNAs participate in cardiac fibrogenesis and make it difficult to designate specific and effective therapies. Oriental herbs have been popular for thousands of years in the health care of Asian residents, due to their multi-targeted, multi-faceted approaches and their multi-functional effects in fighting difficult and complicated diseases, including cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial fibrosis. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol and yellow pigment obtained from the spice turmeric, was found to have strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Increasing evidence has shown that curcumin can be used to prevent and treat myocardial fibrosis, when the myocardium suffers pathological pro-fibrotic changes in vivo and in vitro. The present review focuses on recent studies elucidating the mechanisms of curcumin in treating different pathologic conditions, including ischemia, hypoxia/reoxygenation, pressure or volume overload, and hyperglycemia or high-fat-induced cardiac fibrosis. Novel analogs such as C66, B2BrBC, Y20, and J17 have been designed to maximize the therapeutic potentials of curcumin. These optimized curcumin analogs with improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles need to be clinically verified before curcumin could be recommended for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Peili Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
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59
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Yin L, Liu MX, Li W, Wang FY, Tang YH, Huang CX. Over-Expression of Inhibitor of Differentiation 2 Attenuates Post-Infarct Cardiac Fibrosis Through Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3/HIF-1α/IL-11 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1349. [PMID: 31803053 PMCID: PMC6876274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction mainly causes cardiac diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which results in fatal arrhythmias or even sudden death. Id2, a transcriptional repressor, has been shown to play an important role in the development of fibrosis in various organs, but its effects on cardiac fibrosis remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of Id2 on cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction and its possible mechanisms. Methods: This study was performed in four experimental groups: control group, treatment group (including TGF-β1, hypoxia or MI), treatment+GFP group and treatment+Id2 group. In vitro anoxic and fibrotic models were established by subjecting CFs or NRVMs to a three-gas incubator or TGF-β1, respectively. An animal myocardial infarction model was established by ligating of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by directly injecting of Id2 adenovirus into the myocardial infarct’s marginal zone. Results: The results showed that Id2 significantly improved cardiac EF and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. The mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA, Collagen I, Collagen III, MMP2 and TIMP1 were higher in treatment+Id2 group than those in treatment group as well as in treatment+GFP group both in vivo and in vitro. Immunofluorescence revealed that both α-SMA and vimentin were co-expressed in the treatment group and GFP group, but the co-expression were not detected in the control group and Id2 group. Additionally, our findings illustrated that Id2 had protective effects demonstrated by its ability to inhibit the TGF-β1/Smad3/HIF-1α/IL-11 signaling pathways. Besides, over-expression of Id2 reduced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that over-expression of Id2 preserved cardiac function and ameliorated adverse cardiac remodeling, which might be a promising treatment target for cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Xin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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60
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Deficiency of nuclear receptor interaction protein leads to cardiomyopathy by disrupting sarcomere structure and mitochondrial respiration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 137:9-24. [PMID: 31629737 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is a common and lethal complication in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD), one of the most prevalent forms of muscular dystrophy. The pathogenesis underlying LGMD-related cardiomyopathy remains unclear. NRIP (gene name DCAF6), a Ca2+-dependent calmodulin binding protein, was reduced in dystrophic muscles from LGMD patients. Mice lacking NRIP exhibit a myopathic phenotype resembling that in LGMD patients, making NRIP deficiency a potential culprit leading to cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to determine if NRIP deficiency leads to cardiomyopathy and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS NRIP expression was reduced in both human and mouse failing hearts. Muscle-specific NRIP knockout (MCK-Cre::Dcaf6flox/flox) mouse heart and isolated cardiomyocytes exhibited markedly reduced contractility. Transmission electron microscopy revealed abnormal sarcomere structures and mitochondrial morphology in MCK-Cre::Dcaf6flox/flox hearts. Protein co-immunoprecipitation and confocal imaging revealed that NRIP interacts with α-actinin 2 (ACTN2) at the Z-disc. We found that NRIP facilitated ACTN2-mediated F-actin bundling, and that NRIP deficiency resulted in reduced binding between Z-disc proteins ACTN2 and Cap-Z. In addition, NRIP-deficiency led to increased mitochondrial ROS and impaired mitochondrial respiration/ATP production owing to elevated cellular NADH/NAD+ ratios. Treatment with mitochondria-directed antioxidant mitoTEMPO or NAD+ precursor nicotinic acid restored mitochondrial function and cardiac contractility in MCK-Cre::Dcaf6flox/flox mice. CONCLUSIONS NRIP is essential to maintain sarcomere structure and mitochondrial/contractile function in cardiomyocytes. Our results revealed a novel role for NRIP deficiency in the pathogenesis of LGMD and heart failure. Targeting NRIP, therefore, could be a powerful new approach to treat myocardial dysfunction in LGMD and heart failure patients.
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Song S, Zhang R, Mo B, Chen L, Liu L, Yu Y, Cao W, Fang G, Wan Y, Gu Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Yu Y, Wang Q. EZH2 as a novel therapeutic target for atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 135:119-133. [PMID: 31408621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced fibroblast differentiation plays an important role in the development of atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we show that the expression of the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is increased in atrial muscle and atrial fibroblasts in patients with AF, accompanied by significant atrial fibrosis and atrial fibroblast differentiation. In addition, EZH2 is induced in murine models of atrial fibrosis. Furthermore, either pharmacological GSK126 inhibition or molecular silencing of EZH2 can inhibit the differentiation of atrial fibroblasts and the ability to produce ECM induced by Ang-II. Simultaneously, inhibition of EZH2 can block the Ang-II-induced migration of atrial fibroblasts. We found that EZH2 promotes fibroblast differentiation mainly through the Smad signaling pathway and can form a transcription complex with Smad2 to bind to the promoter region of the ACTA2 gene. Finally, our in vivo experiments demonstrated that the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 significantly inhibited Ang-II-induced atrial enlargement and fibrosis and reduced AF vulnerability. Our results demonstrate that targeting EZH2 or EZH2-regulated genes might present therapeutic potential in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Binfeng Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated of Fudan University, 221 Yananxi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guojian Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yigang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qunshan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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62
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Wang H, Yang X, Guo Y, Shui L, Li S, Bai Y, Liu Y, Zeng M, Xia J. HERG1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth and metastasis through TXNDC5 by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:324. [PMID: 31331361 PMCID: PMC6647263 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human ether a-go-go-related gene 1 (HERG1) is involved in tumor progression; however, its role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is not well studied. This study investigated HERG1 function in ESCC progression and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Methods The prognostic value of HERG1 was determined by immunohistochemistry in ESCC biopsies. Cell growth and proliferation were analyzed by colony formation and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed by wound healing and Boyden transwell assays. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by immunoblotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A xenograft mouse model was used to validate the tumorigenic and metastatic roles of HERG1 in vivo. Results HERG1 expression was overall higher in ESCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. A retrospective analysis of 349 patients with ESCC (stages I–IV) confirmed increased HERG1 expression was associated with disease progression and higher mortality rate. The overall survival of the patients was significantly worse when their tumors displayed higher HERG1 expression. HERG1 knockdown reduced tumor growth and metastasis in athymic mice. HERG1 affected the proliferation, migration, and invasion of two ESCC cell lines (TE-1 and KYSE-30). Changes in HERG1 expression affected the expression of cell cycle- and EMT-related proteins; these effects were reversed by altering the expression of thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5), which is also associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with ESCC and is relevant to HERG1 in pathological biopsies. Additionally, HERG1 expression altered phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT phosphorylation, thereby affecting TXNDC5 expression. Conclusions HERG1 contributes to poor prognosis in patients with ESCC by promoting ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via TXNDC5 through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our findings provided novel insights into the pathology of ESCC and role of HERG1 in tumor progression, suggesting that targeting HERG1 has potential diagnostic and therapeutic value for ESCC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1284-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Wang
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Province Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xuchun Yang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Province Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Shui
- Department of Oncology, West China Hospital, West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Bai
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianling Xia
- Cancer Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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63
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Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major contributor to liver disease and hepatic fibrosis, but the role it plays varies depending on the cause and progression of the disease. Furthermore, ER stress plays a distinct role in hepatocytes versus hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which adds to the complexity of understanding ER stress and its downstream signaling through the unfolded protein response (UPR) in liver disease. Here, the authors focus on the current literature of ER stress in nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases, how ER stress impacts hepatocyte injury, and the role of ER stress in HSC activation and hepatic fibrosis. This review provides insight into the complex signaling and regulation of the UPR, parallels and distinctions between different liver diseases, and how ER stress may be targeted as an antisteatotic or antifibrotic therapy to limit the progression of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Maiers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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64
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Chawsheen HA, Jiang H, Ying Q, Ding N, Thapa P, Wei Q. The redox regulator sulfiredoxin forms a complex with thioredoxin domain-containing 5 protein in response to ER stress in lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8991-9006. [PMID: 31000628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfiredoxin (Srx) reduces hyperoxidized 2-cysteine-containing peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and protects cells against oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown that Srx is highly expressed in primary specimens of lung cancer patients and plays a pivotal role in lung tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the oncogenic mechanisms of Srx in cancer are incompletely understood. In this study, we found that Srx knockdown sensitizes lung cancer cells to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death. Through MS analysis, we determined that Srx forms a complex with the ER-resident protein thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5). Using reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence imaging, subcellular fractionation, and domain-mapping assays with site-specific mutagenesis and purified recombinant proteins, we further characterized the Srx-TXNDC5 interaction. In response to ER stress but not to oxidative stress, Srx exhibits an increased association with TXNDC5, facilitating the retention of Srx in the ER. Of note, TXNDC5 knockdown in lung cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and repressed anchorage-independent colony formation and migration, but increased cell invasion and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Using immunohistochemical staining, we demonstrate that TXNDC5 is highly expressed in patient-derived lung cancer specimens. Bioinformatics analysis of publicly available data sets revealed that those with high Srx levels have significantly shorter survival and that those with high TXNDC5 levels have longer survival. We conclude that the cellular levels of Srx and TXNDC5 may be useful as biomarkers to predict the survival of individuals with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Jiang
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Qi Ying
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Na Ding
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Pratik Thapa
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and
| | - Qiou Wei
- From the Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and .,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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65
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Zheng D, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Guan J, Xu L, Xiao W, Zhong Q, Ren C, Lu J, Liang J, Hou J. Long noncoding RNA Crnde attenuates cardiac fibrosis via Smad3-Crnde negative feedback in diabetic cardiomyopathy. FEBS J 2019; 286:1645-1655. [PMID: 30748104 PMCID: PMC6849551 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)-ventricular dysfunction in the absence of underlying heart disease-is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of mortality associated with the disease. In DCM, cardiac fibrosis is the main cause of heart failure. Although it is well-established that the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway plays a part in inducing cardiac fibrosis in DCM, details of the molecular mechanism involved remain elusive. Therefore, it is crucial to study the gene reg;ulation of key signaling effectors in DCM-associated cardiac fibrosis. A recently emerged hotspot in the field of gene regulation is the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Recent evidence indicates that lncRNAs play a critical role in cardiac fibrosis; however, in DCM, the function of these regulatory RNAs have not been studied in depth. In this study, we identified a conserved cardiac-specific lncRNA named colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (Crnde). By analyzing 376 human heart tissues, it was found that Crnde expression is negatively correlated with that of cardiac fibrosis marker genes. Moreover, Crnde expression was shown to be enriched in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Overexpression of Crnde attenuated cardiac fibrosis and enhanced cardiac function in mice with DCM. Further, in vitro experiments showed that Crnde negatively regulates the myofibroblast differentiation of CFs. The expression of Crnde was activated by SMAD family member 3 (Smad3), shedding light on the underlying molecular mechanism. Interestingly, Crnde also inhibited the transcriptional activation of Smad3 on target genes, thereby inhibiting the expression of myofibroblastic marker genes in CFs. Overall, our data provide valuable insights into the development of potential anti-cardiac fibrosis strategies centered on lncRNAs, for the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Radiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianbin Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinyue Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Tao H, Dai C, Ding JF, Yang JJ, Ding XS, Xu SS, Shi KH. Epigenetic aberrations of miR-369-5p and DNMT3A control Patched1 signal pathway in cardiac fibrosis. Toxicology 2018; 410:182-192. [PMID: 30114436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of epigenetic marks has promised efficacy for treating fibrosis. Cardiac fibroblast is the primary source of activated myofibroblasts that produce extracellular matrix (ECM) in cardiac fibrosis, but the mechanisms underlying this process are incompletely understood. Here we show that microRNA-369-5p (miR-369-5p) through DNMT3A hypermethylation and suppression of the Patched1 pathway leads to fibroblast proliferation in cardiac fibrosis. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups (sham and AAC group), cardiac fibrosis was produced by abdominal aortic constriction, and the operation of abdominal aortic constriction was carried out according to the method described. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were harvested from SD neonate rats and cultured. Importantly, miR-369-5p bind directly to DNMT3A with high affinity. MiR-369-5p leads to inhibition of DNMT3A enzyme activity. Exogenous miR-369-5p in cells induces aberrant DNA methylation of the Patched1, resulting in hypermethylation of low to moderately methylated regions. Moreover, Overexpression of miR-369-5p in cardiac fibroblast cells inhibits proliferation. We identify DNMT3A as miR-369-5p target genes and demonstrate that inhibition of miR-369-5p expression augments cell proliferation by activating DNMT3A and suppression of the Patched1 pathway. Together, our results highlight miR-369-5p mediated DNMT3A epigenetic silencing of Patched1 as a mechanism of fibroblast proliferation in cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ji-Fei Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Sheng-Song Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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67
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Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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