51
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Madelain V, Baize S, Jacquot F, Reynard S, Fizet A, Barron S, Solas C, Lacarelle B, Carbonnelle C, Mentré F, Raoul H, de Lamballerie X, Guedj J. Ebola viral dynamics in nonhuman primates provides insights into virus immuno-pathogenesis and antiviral strategies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4013. [PMID: 30275474 PMCID: PMC6167368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several clinical trials implemented, no antiviral drug could demonstrate efficacy against Ebola virus. In non-human primates, early initiation of polymerase inhibitors favipiravir and remdesivir improves survival, but whether they could be effective in patients is unknown. Here we analyze the impact of antiviral therapy by using a mathematical model that integrates virological and immunological data of 44 cynomolgus macaques, left untreated or treated with favipiravir. We estimate that favipiravir has a ~50% efficacy in blocking viral production, which results in reducing virus growth and cytokine storm while IFNα reduces cell susceptibility to infection. Simulating the effect of delayed initiations of treatment, our model predicts survival rates of 60% for favipiravir and 100% for remdesivir when treatment is initiated within 3 and 4 days post infection, respectively. These results improve the understanding of Ebola immuno-pathogenesis and can help optimize antiviral evaluation in future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Madelain
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, 75018, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvain Baize
- UBIVE, Institut Pasteur, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Jacquot
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Reynard
- UBIVE, Institut Pasteur, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Fizet
- UBIVE, Institut Pasteur, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Stephane Barron
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Solas
- Aix-Marseille Univ U105, APHM, SMARTc CRCM Inserm UMR1068 CNRS UMR7258, Hôpital La Timone, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Lacarelle
- Aix-Marseille Univ U105, APHM, SMARTc CRCM Inserm UMR1068 CNRS UMR7258, Hôpital La Timone, Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | - France Mentré
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Raoul
- Laboratoire P4 Inserm-Jean Mérieux, US003 Inserm, 69365, Lyon, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille university - IRD 190 - Inserm 1207 - EHESP) - Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémie Guedj
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, 75018, Paris, France
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52
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Wu B, Sun X, Gupta HB, Yuan B, Li J, Ge F, Chiang HC, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zhang D, Yang J, Hu Y, Curiel TJ, Li R. Adipose PD-L1 Modulates PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1500107. [PMID: 30393583 PMCID: PMC6209395 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) modulate antitumor immunity and are major targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. However, clinical trials of anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 antibodies in breast cancer demonstrate only modest efficacy. Furthermore, specific PD-L1 contributions in various tissue and cell compartments to antitumor immunity remain incompletely elucidated. Here we show that PD-L1 expression is markedly elevated in mature adipocytes versus preadipocytes. Adipocyte PD-L1 prevents anti-PD-L1 antibody from activating important antitumor functions of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Adipocyte PD-L1 ablation obliterates, whereas forced preadipocyte PD-L1 expression confers, these inhibitory effects. Pharmacologic inhibition of adipogenesis selectively reduces PD-L1 expression in mouse adipose tissue and enhances the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 antibodies in syngeneic mammary tumor models. Our findings provide a previously unappreciated approach to bolster anticancer immunotherapy efficacy and suggest a mechanism for the role of adipose tissue in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiujie Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Harshita B. Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Huai-Chin Chiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Deyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
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54
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Mérens A, Bigaillon C, Delaune D. Ebola virus disease: Biological and diagnostic evolution from 2014 to 2017. Med Mal Infect 2017; 48:83-94. [PMID: 29224715 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola virus disease outbreak observed in West Africa from March 2014 to June 2016 has led to many fundamental and applied research works. Knowledge of this virus has substantially increased. Treatment of many patients in epidemic countries and a few imported cases in developed countries led to developing new diagnostic methods and to adapt laboratory organization and biosafety precautions to perform conventional biological analyses. Clinical and biological monitoring of patients infected with Ebola virus disease helped to determine severity criteria and bad prognosis markers. It also contributed to showing the possibility of viral sanctuaries in patients and the risk of transmission after recovery. After a summary of recent knowledge of environmental and clinical viral persistence, we aimed to present new diagnostic methods and other biological tests that led to highlighting the pathophysiological consequences of Ebola virus disease and its prognostic markers. We also aimed to describe our lab experience in the care of Ebola virus-infected patients, especially technical and logistical changes between 2014 and 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mérens
- Laboratoire de biologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées-Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France.
| | - C Bigaillon
- Laboratoire de biologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées-Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - D Delaune
- Laboratoire de biologie, hôpital d'instruction des Armées-Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
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55
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Shah K, Bentley E, Tyler A, Richards KSR, Wright E, Easterbrook L, Lee D, Cleaver C, Usher L, Burton JE, Pitman JK, Bruce CB, Edge D, Lee M, Nazareth N, Norwood DA, Moschos SA. Field-deployable, quantitative, rapid identification of active Ebola virus infection in unprocessed blood. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7780-7797. [PMID: 29163915 PMCID: PMC5694917 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03281a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The West African Ebola virus outbreak underlined the importance of delivering mass diagnostic capability outside the clinical or primary care setting in effectively containing public health emergencies caused by infectious disease. Yet, to date, there is no solution for reliably deploying at the point of need the gold standard diagnostic method, real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), in a laboratory infrastructure-free manner. In this proof of principle work, we demonstrate direct performance of RT-qPCR on fresh blood using far-red fluorophores to resolve fluorogenic signal inhibition and controlled, rapid freeze/thawing to achieve viral genome extraction in a single reaction chamber assay. The resulting process is entirely free of manual or automated sample pre-processing, requires no microfluidics or magnetic/mechanical sample handling and thus utilizes low cost consumables. This enables a fast, laboratory infrastructure-free, minimal risk and simple standard operating procedure suited to frontline, field use. Developing this novel approach on recombinant bacteriophage and recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; Lentivirus), we demonstrate clinical utility in symptomatic EBOV patient screening using live, infectious Filoviruses and surrogate patient samples. Moreover, we evidence assay co-linearity independent of viral particle structure that may enable viral load quantification through pre-calibration, with no loss of specificity across an 8 log-linear maximum dynamic range. The resulting quantitative rapid identification (QuRapID) molecular diagnostic platform, openly accessible for assay development, meets the requirements of resource-limited countries and provides a fast response solution for mass public health screening against emerging biosecurity threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavit Shah
- Westminster Genomic Services , Department of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Westminster , 115 New Cavendish Str , London W1W 6UW , UK
- BGResearch Ltd. , 6 The Business Centre, Harvard Way, Harvard Industrial Estate , Kimbolton , Huntingdon PE28 0NJ , UK
| | - Emma Bentley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Westminster , 115 New Cavendish Str , London W1W 6UW , UK
| | - Adam Tyler
- BioGene Ltd. , 8 The Business Centre, Harvard Way, Harvard Industrial Estate , Kimbolton , Huntingdon PE28 0NJ , UK
| | - Kevin S R Richards
- Public Health England , National Infection Service , High Containment Microbiology Department , Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JG , UK
| | - Edward Wright
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Westminster , 115 New Cavendish Str , London W1W 6UW , UK
| | - Linda Easterbrook
- Public Health England , National Infection Service , High Containment Microbiology Department , Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JG , UK
| | - Diane Lee
- Fluorogenics LIMITED , Building 227, Tetricus Science Park, Dstl Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JQ , UK
| | - Claire Cleaver
- Fluorogenics LIMITED , Building 227, Tetricus Science Park, Dstl Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JQ , UK
| | - Louise Usher
- Westminster Genomic Services , Department of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Westminster , 115 New Cavendish Str , London W1W 6UW , UK
| | - Jane E Burton
- Public Health England , National Infection Service , High Containment Microbiology Department , Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JG , UK
| | - James K Pitman
- Public Health England , National Infection Service , High Containment Microbiology Department , Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JG , UK
| | - Christine B Bruce
- Public Health England , National Infection Service , High Containment Microbiology Department , Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JG , UK
| | - David Edge
- BioGene Ltd. , 8 The Business Centre, Harvard Way, Harvard Industrial Estate , Kimbolton , Huntingdon PE28 0NJ , UK
| | - Martin Lee
- Fluorogenics LIMITED , Building 227, Tetricus Science Park, Dstl Porton Down , Salisbury , Wiltshire SP4 0JQ , UK
| | - Nelson Nazareth
- BioGene Ltd. , 8 The Business Centre, Harvard Way, Harvard Industrial Estate , Kimbolton , Huntingdon PE28 0NJ , UK
| | - David A Norwood
- Diagnostic Systems Division and Virology Division , United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD 21701-5011 , USA
| | - Sterghios A Moschos
- Westminster Genomic Services , Department of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Westminster , 115 New Cavendish Str , London W1W 6UW , UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Westminster , 115 New Cavendish Str , London W1W 6UW , UK
- Department of Applied Sciences , Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Northumbria University , C4.03 Ellison Building, Ellison Place , Newcastle Upon Tyne , Tyne and Wear NE1 8ST , UK . ; Tel: +44(0) 191 215 6623
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56
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Speranza E, Connor JH. Host Transcriptional Response to Ebola Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:E30. [PMID: 28930167 PMCID: PMC5620561 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a serious illness that causes severe disease in humans and non-human primates (NHPs) and has mortality rates up to 90%. EVD is caused by the Ebolavirus and currently there are no licensed therapeutics or vaccines to treat EVD. Due to its high mortality rates and potential as a bioterrorist weapon, a better understanding of the disease is of high priority. Multiparametric analysis techniques allow for a more complete understanding of a disease and the host response. Analysis of RNA species present in a sample can lead to a greater understanding of activation or suppression of different states of the immune response. Transcriptomic analyses such as microarrays and RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) have been important tools to better understand the global gene expression response to EVD. In this review, we outline the current knowledge gained by transcriptomic analysis of EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Speranza
- Department of Microbiology, Bioinformatics Program, National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Bioinformatics Program, National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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