52
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Sveinbjornsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Halldorsson BV, Kristinsson KG, Gottfredsson M, Barrett JC, Gudmundsson LJ, Blondal K, Gylfason A, Gudjonsson SA, Helgadottir HT, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Karason A, Kardum LB, Knežević J, Kristjansson H, Kristjansson M, Love A, Luo Y, Magnusson OT, Sulem P, Kong A, Masson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Dembic Z, Nejentsev S, Blondal T, Jonsdottir I, Stefansson K. HLA class II sequence variants influence tuberculosis risk in populations of European ancestry. Nat Genet 2016; 48:318-22. [PMID: 26829749 PMCID: PMC5081101 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections cause 9 million new tuberculosis cases and 1.5 million deaths annually. To identify variants conferring risk of tuberculosis, we tested 28.3 million variants identified through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders for association with tuberculosis (8,162 cases and 277,643 controls), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and M. tuberculosis infection. We found association of three variants in the region harboring genes encoding the class II human leukocyte antigens (HLAs): rs557011[T] (minor allele frequency (MAF) = 40.2%), associated with M. tuberculosis infection (odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, P = 3.1 × 10(-13)) and PTB (OR = 1.25, P = 5.8 × 10(-12)), and rs9271378[G] (MAF = 32.5%), associated with PTB (OR = 0.78, P = 2.5 × 10(-12))--both located between HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DRB1--and a missense variant encoding p.Ala210Thr in HLA-DQA1 (MAF = 19.1%, rs9272785), associated with M. tuberculosis infection (P = 9.3 × 10(-9), OR = 1.14). We replicated association of these variants with PTB in samples of European ancestry from Russia and Croatia (P < 5.9 × 10(-4)). These findings show that the HLA class II region contributes to genetic risk of tuberculosis, possibly through reduced presentation of protective M. tuberculosis antigens to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gardar Sveinbjornsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F. Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjarni V. Halldorsson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Karl G. Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jeffrey C. Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Kai Blondal
- Division of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ari Karason
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ljiljana Bulat Kardum
- Department of Pulmology, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helgi Kristjansson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mar Kristjansson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arthur Love
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Virology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yang Luo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Zlatko Dembic
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergey Nejentsev
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsteinn Blondal
- Division of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali, the National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics / Amgen Inc., Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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55
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Lenz TL, Deutsch AJ, Han B, Hu X, Okada Y, Eyre S, Knapp M, Zhernakova A, Huizinga TWJ, Abecasis G, Becker J, Boeckxstaens GE, Chen WM, Franke A, Gladman DD, Gockel I, Gutierrez-Achury J, Martin J, Nair RP, Nöthen MM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Rahman P, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Stuart PE, Tsoi LC, van Heel DA, Worthington J, Wouters MM, Klareskog L, Elder JT, Gregersen PK, Schumacher J, Rich SS, Wijmenga C, Sunyaev SR, de Bakker PIW, Raychaudhuri S. Widespread non-additive and interaction effects within HLA loci modulate the risk of autoimmune diseases. Nat Genet 2015; 47:1085-90. [PMID: 26258845 PMCID: PMC4552599 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes confer strong risk for autoimmune diseases on a log-additive scale. Here we speculated that differences in autoantigen binding repertoires between a heterozygote’s two expressed HLA variants may result in additional non-additive risk effects. We tested non-additive disease contributions of classical HLA alleles in patients and matched controls for five common autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (RA, Ncases=5,337), type 1 diabetes (T1D, Ncases=5,567), psoriasis vulgaris (Ncases=3,089), idiopathic achalasia (Ncases=727), and celiac disease (Ncases=11,115). In four out of five diseases, we observed highly significant non-additive dominance effects (RA: P=2.5×1012; T1D: P=2.4×10−10; psoriasis: P=5.9×10−6; celiac disease: P=1.2×10−87). In three of these diseases, the dominance effects were explained by interactions between specific classical HLA alleles (RA: P=1.8×10−3; T1D: P=8.6×1027; celiac disease: P=6.0×10−100). These interactions generally increased disease risk and explained moderate but significant fractions of phenotypic variance (RA: 1.4%, T1D: 4.0%, and celiac disease: 4.1%, beyond a simple additive model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias L Lenz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Ploen, Germany
| | - Aaron J Deutsch
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Buhm Han
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinli Hu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Stephen Eyre
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica Becker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Javier Gutierrez-Achury
- Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Proton Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jane Worthington
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mira M Wouters
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Genetics Department, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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