White Racial Identity Development and Cross-Cultural Counselor Training

This article integrates the work of cross-cultural counselor-training development theorists (Carney & Kahn, 1984; Rowe, 1989), racial-identity development specialists (e.g., Helms, 1984), and cross-cultural counseling competency experts (e.g., Sue et al, 1982) in the formation of a comprehensive multicultural training model for majority-group (White, middle-class) counselors. Past developmental models are criticized for their failure to consider the White counselor's racial-identity (or consciousness) development as an integral component of multicultural training. The article reviews and integrates extant stage models of White racial consciousness, describes how counselors progress through variousstages, and specifically presents training regimens to facilitate counselors' sequential movement through the model. The article concludes with specific research antd policy recommendations.

Trend Analyses of Major Contributions in The Counseling Psychologist Cited from 1986 to 1996

This study commemorates the 30th anniversary of The Counseling Psychologist (TCP), the official publication of Division 17 since 1969. The investigation analyzes trends in the professional citations of the Major Contribution articles from the inception of TCP in 1969 through 1995. Results indicate (a) the impact factors and citation half-life statistics for Major Contribution articles for the years 1986 to 1996, (b) that citations of Major Contributions have increased over the past 11 years, (c) that Major Contribution articles are cited across a diverse range of disciplines, (d) that the number of Major Contribution articles in an issue is negatively related to the average number of citations for an issue, (e) the top 10 most frequently cited Major Contribution articles, (f) the percentages of Major Contributions published by men and women, and (g) emerging topic areas from citations of Major Contributions published from 1991 to 1995. Implications of the results are discussed with regard to professional issues, TCP, and future research.

From Passive Acceptance to Active Commitment

This article presents a model of feminist identity development for women. The model is derived, in part, from Cross's (1971) theory of Black identity development and is based on the premise that women who live in contemporary society must first acknowledge, then struggle with, and repeatedly work through their feelings about the prejudice and discrimination they experience as women in order to achieve authentic and positive feminist identity. The stages in this process include passive acceptance, revelation, embeddedness-emanation, synthesis, and active commitment. Implications of the model are outlined for women, nonsexist and feminist psychotherapies and contemporary society.

Perceptions of on-the-job supervision needs of drug rehabilitation center helpers in Malaysia

OBJECTIVE

In this study, 218 national drug rehabilitation center helpers in Malaysia were surveyed regarding perceptions of their on-the-job clinical supervision needs and preferred supervisor roles and emphasis areas in their supervision sessions.

METHODS

Descriptive analyses were conducted.

RESULTS

Findings suggest that drug rehabilitation center helpers in Malaysia expressed high level of on-the-job supervision needs. In addition, professional behavior skills were found to be the most desirable supervisory area followed by process, conceptualization, and personalization skills.

CONCLUSIONS

Implications for providing clinical supervision for drug rehabilitation center helpers in Malaysia were discussed, along with suggestions for future research.

Putting the Benchmarks Into Practice

This article explores how the TCP Major Contribution, “Multicultural Clinical Supervision and Benchmarks: Empirical Support Informing Practice and Supervisor Training,” can be applied to the refining of competencies for the profession of psychology. It examines the major contributions’ thoughtful conclusions regarding effective supervisor behaviors, including the focus on the supervisory working alliance, provision of feedback to supervisees, supervisor use of self, empowering supervisees, supervisor as a competent clinician, and multicultural competencies. Implications for research and practice to enhance the profession and protect the public are discussed.

The Training, Value, and Reality of Master’s-Level Mental Health Counselors

There is a need for individuals trained in professional practice that cannot be met by psychologists and psychiatrists. Because the American Psychological Association (APA) maintains that the minimum requirement for the independent practice of psychology is a doctorate degree, master’s-level programs significantly increased and produce graduates in professions separate from psychology. These master’s-level clinicians are more likely to identify professionally with the standards and values endorsed by counseling, marriage and family therapy, and social work organizations (McPherson, Pisecco, Elman, Crosbie-Burnett, & Sayger, 2000). Given the number of master’s-level clinicians working side by side with clinical psychologists, this article aims to provide a brief introduction of the master’s-level clinicians. Furthermore, it focuses on the counseling profession because it has the largest overlap with psychology. In the discussion, the authors highlight strengths of master’s-level training in counseling as well as identify areas that could be informed by the field of psychology. Similarly, this article discusses aspects of training that master’s-level counselors receive, which may inform the field of applied psychology, such as skill-training models and the credentialing of supervisors.