51
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van der Hoeven NW, Hollander MR, Yıldırım C, Jansen MF, Teunissen PF, Horrevoets AJ, van der Pouw Kraan TCTM, van Royen N. The emerging role of galectins in cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 81:31-41. [PMID: 26945624 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are an ancient family of β-galactoside-specific lectins and consist of 15 different types, each with a specific function. They play a role in the immune system, inflammation, wound healing and carcinogenesis. In particular the role of galectin in cancer is widely studied. Lately, the role of galectins in the development of cardiovascular disease has gained attention. Worldwide cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death. In ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis limits adequate blood flow. Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis are highly important mechanisms relieving ischemia by restoring perfusion to the post-stenotic myocardial area. Galectins act ambiguous, both relieving ischemia and accelerating atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis can ultimately lead to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, which are both associated with galectins. There is also a role for galectins in the development of myocarditis by their influence on inflammatory processes. Moreover, galectin acts as a biomarker for the severity of myocardial ischemia and heart failure. This review summarizes the association between galectins and the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases such as myocarditis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore it focuses on the association between galectin and more general mechanisms such as angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurits R Hollander
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs F Jansen
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul F Teunissen
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J Horrevoets
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niels van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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52
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Liu Q, Tian FJ, Xie QZ, Zhang J, Liu L, Yang J. Fyn Plays a Pivotal Role in Fetomaternal Tolerance Through Regulation of Th17 Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:569-79. [PMID: 26892111 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Fu-ju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease; the International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Qing-zhen Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Liu Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine; Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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Han M, Yao Y, Zeng W, Wang Y, Feng L, Zhao J. Complexes of trophoblastic peptides and heat shock protein 70 as a novel contraceptive vaccine in a mouse model. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 32:457-65. [PMID: 26847794 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of contraceptive vaccines has interested reproductive biologists and immunologists for nearly 2 decades, but no approach has been approved. In this study, a new immunocontraceptive vaccine that targets placental trophoblasts was expored. We demonstrated that after in-vitro binding with heat shock protein 70, trophoblast-derived peptides can activate T cells both in vitro and in vivo. The activated T cells have a Th1 bias and specifically cause cytolysis of trophoblasts, leading to the termination of pregnancy. Such activated T cells seem to have an effect on early gestation, rather than influencing preimplantation. We did not observe side-effects of this vaccine in mice. In conclusion, a novel contraceptive strategy is described that uses heat shock protein 70-trophoblastic peptide complexes to generate a specific T-cell immune response against placental trophoblasts. This type of vaccine targeting the post-implantation phase does not generate a permanent effect but possibly raises an ethical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wangjiang Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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54
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What are the roles of macrophages and monocytes in human pregnancy? J Reprod Immunol 2015; 112:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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55
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Han SH, Joo M, Chang S, Kim HS. Malakoplakia affecting the umbilical cord. J Pathol Transl Med 2015; 49:177-9. [PMID: 25812742 PMCID: PMC4367118 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2015.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Mee Joo
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sunhee Chang
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Han-Seong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Andescavage NN, DuPlessis A, Limperopoulos C. Advanced MR imaging of the placenta: Exploring the in utero placenta-brain connection. Semin Perinatol 2015; 39:113-23. [PMID: 25765905 PMCID: PMC4409865 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a vital organ necessary for the healthy neurodevelopment of the fetus. Despite the known associations between placental dysfunction and neurologic impairment, there is a paucity of tools available to reliably assess in vivo placental health and function. Existing clinical tools for placental assessment remain insensitive in predicting and evaluating placental well-being. Advanced MRI techniques hold significant promise for the dynamic, non-invasive, real-time assessment of placental health and identification of early placental-based disorders. In this review, we summarize the available clinical tools for placental assessment, including ultrasound, Doppler, and conventional MRI. We then explore the emerging role of advanced placental MR imaging techniques for supporting the developing fetus and appraise the strengths and limitations of quantitative MRI in identifying early markers of placental dysfunction for improved pregnancy monitoring and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickie Niforatos Andescavage
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s National Health System, 111
Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010,Fetal & Transitional Medicine, Children’s National Health
System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine,
2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Adre DuPlessis
- Fetal & Transitional Medicine, Children’s National Health
System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010,Diagnostic Imaging & Radiology, Children’s National Health
System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine,
2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010; Division of Fetal and Transitional Medicine, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC 20037; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20010; Division of Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC 20037.
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57
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The expression and adaptive significance of pregnancy-related nausea, vomiting, and aversions on Yasawa Island, Fiji. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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58
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Coenders A, Koopmans NK, Broekhuijsen K, Groen H, Karstenberg-Kramer JMA, van Goor K, Groenewout M, van Loon AJ, Faas MM, van Pampus MG. Adjuvanted vaccines in pregnancy: no evidence for effect of the adjuvanted H1N1/09 vaccination on occurrence of preeclampsia or intra-uterine growth restriction. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 187:14-9. [PMID: 25681994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the H1N1/09 pandemic, pregnant women in the Netherlands were vaccinated with an adjuvanted vaccine. During pregnancy, the maternal immune system changes to enable placental development and growth and acceptance of the semi-allogeneic fetus. As an adjuvant is a pro-inflammatory substance, it may interfere with these immunological changes, resulting in poor placentation or placental growth, which may result in preeclampsia (PE) and fetal intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study investigated a possible association between adjuvanted H1N1/09 vaccination and the development of PE and/or IUGR. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. Cases were Dutch women with PE and/or IUGR occurring during H1N1/09 vaccination program. Controls had uncomplicated pregnancies during the same period. Maternal characteristics, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were collected from medical files. Participants were contacted by telephone to enquire about vaccination. Data were analyzed using t-tests, Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariate analysis was conducted to control for confounders. RESULTS We included 254 cases and 247 controls. Of the cases, 90 (35.4%) were vaccinated, compared to 87 (35.2%) of the controls (OR:1.009, 95% CI:0.70-1.46, p:0.961). The majority (73.5%) had been vaccinated in second and third trimester. In multivariate analysis, there were no confounders influencing these results. Exploratory subgroup analysis did not show an association between vaccination status in subgroups of women with either PE or IUGR. CONCLUSION Our study showed no association between adjuvanted H1N1/09 vaccination and PE and/or IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alies Coenders
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke K Koopmans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Broekhuijsen
- Martini Hospital Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Groen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janna M A Karstenberg-Kramer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical biology, Section Medical biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van Goor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical biology, Section Medical biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Groenewout
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aren J van Loon
- Martini Hospital Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M Faas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical biology, Section Medical biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria G van Pampus
- Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PO Box 95500, 1090 HM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Svensson-Arvelund J, Ernerudh J. The Role of Macrophages in Promoting and Maintaining Homeostasis at the Fetal-Maternal Interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:100-9. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Svensson-Arvelund
- Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Clinical Immunology; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Faculty of Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
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60
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Svensson-Arvelund J, Mehta RB, Lindau R, Mirrasekhian E, Rodriguez-Martinez H, Berg G, Lash GE, Jenmalm MC, Ernerudh J. The Human Fetal Placenta Promotes Tolerance against the Semiallogeneic Fetus by Inducing Regulatory T Cells and Homeostatic M2 Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1534-44. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Abstract
\Natural killer (NK) cells that provide first-line innate immune reactions against virus-infected and tumor cells have different roles in different body sites and in different stages. From the beginning of life, NK cells participate in many aspects of development, especially in a successful pregnancy and a healthy neonatal stage. This article reviews recent advances regarding the role of NK cells in implantation, placentation and immune tolerance during pregnancy as well as in the neonatal immune defense. The interactions between NK cells and other immune cells in each developmental stage are discussed.
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62
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Brown MB, von Chamier M, Allam AB, Reyes L. M1/M2 macrophage polarity in normal and complicated pregnancy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:606. [PMID: 25505471 PMCID: PMC4241843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages play an important role in all stages of pregnancy, including uterine stromal remodeling (decidualization) before embryo implantation, parturition, and post-partum uterine involution. The activation state and function of utero-placental macrophages are largely dependent on the local tissue microenvironment. Thus, macrophages are involved in a variety of activities such as regulation of immune cell activities, placental cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Disruption of the uterine microenvironment, particularly during the early stages of pregnancy (decidualization, implantation, and placentation) can have profound effects on macrophage activity and subsequently impact pregnancy outcome. In this review, we will provide an overview of the temporal and spatial regulation of utero-placental macrophage activation during normal pregnancy in human beings and rodents with a focus on more recent findings. We will also discuss the role of M1/M2 dysregulation within the intrauterine environment during adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Brown
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Maria von Chamier
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Ayman B Allam
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Wang LQ, Yan CF, Zhao Y, Chu J, Yu XW. Reduced CD200 and CD200R1 expression in human chorionic villi contributes to early spontaneous abortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2014; 93:1248-54. [PMID: 25145957 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of CD200 and its receptor (CD200R) in human chorionic villi during the first trimester of normal pregnancy and early spontaneous abortion (ESA). DESIGN Prospective study. METHODS Expression of CD200 and CD200R in the chorionic villi was determined using streptavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction. POPULATION Thirty-five women diagnosed with ESA and 30 women experiencing a healthy pregnancy in a medical university hospital in China were enrolled in this study between 2011 and 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CD200 and CD200R expression. RESULTS The expression of CD200 in syncytiotrophoblast cells was significantly higher during normal pregnancy than in ESA (0.51 ± 0.05 vs. 0.35 ± 0.05). In contrast, expression of CD200 in cytotrophoblast cells and CD200R in stromal cells was significantly lower during normal pregnancy when compared with ESA (CD200: 0.16 ± 0.02 vs. 0.32 ± 0.03; CD200R: 0.19 ± 0.03 vs. 0.22 ± 0.02). In villi, the expression of both CD200 protein and CD200R transcripts were significantly higher in healthy first-trimester pregnancy than in ESA (CD200: 156.89 ± 105.65 vs. 37.51 ± 17.62). CONCLUSIONS There is an increase in inhibitory properties of human chorionic villi during normal pregnancy. The mechanism underlying ESA might be associated with enhanced expression of CD200 and CD200R in the trophoblast, leading to an upregulation of the immune response during the first trimester of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qin Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an
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64
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Aldo PB, Racicot K, Craviero V, Guller S, Romero R, Mor G. Trophoblast induces monocyte differentiation into CD14+/CD16+ macrophages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:270-84. [PMID: 24995492 PMCID: PMC4230492 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM During early pregnancy, macrophages and trophoblast come into close contact during placenta development, and regulated cross talk between these cellular compartments is crucial for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. As trophoblast cells constitutively secrete many chemokines and cytokines, we hypothesize that trophoblast-secreted factors can differentiate monocytes into a decidual phenotype. In this study, we describe a unique macrophage phenotype, following monocytes' exposure to trophoblast-soluble factors. METHOD OF STUDY Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with or without conditioned media (CM) from first trimester trophoblast cells. Phenotypic changes and phagocytic capacity were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine production was determined by multiplex analysis. RESULTS Monocytes exposed to trophoblast factors undergo morphologic changes characterized by a gain in size and complexity and acquire a unique phenotype characterized by gain of CD14 surface expression as well as CD16. The presence of CD14+/CD16+ macrophages was confirmed in normal decidua. These cells secrete higher levels of IL-1b, IL-10, and IP-10 and have increased capacity for phagocytosis. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that trophoblast-secreted factors can induce monocyte differentiation into a unique macrophage phenotype. These findings suggest that the microenvironment of the placenta can modulate the phenotype of macrophages present at the decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulomi B Aldo
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Karen Racicot
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Vinicius Craviero
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Detroit
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
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Faas MM, Spaans F, De Vos P. Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Front Immunol 2014; 5:298. [PMID: 25071761 PMCID: PMC4074993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is an important complication in pregnancy, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of pregnancy. Generalized activation of the inflammatory response is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Monocytes may play a central role in this inflammatory response. Monocytes are short lived cells that mature in the circulation and invade into tissues upon an inflammatory stimulus and develop into macrophages. Macrophages are abundantly present in the endometrium and play a role in implantation and placentation in normal pregnancy. In pre-eclampsia, these macrophages appear to be present in larger numbers and are also activated. In the present review, we focused on the role of monocytes and macrophages in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Floor Spaans
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
| | - Paul De Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , Netherlands
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66
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Spaans F, Melgert BN, Borghuis T, Klok PA, de Vos P, Bakker WW, van Goor H, Faas MM. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate affects systemic and kidney immune cell populations in pregnant rats. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:305-16. [PMID: 24807649 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Changes in the systemic immune response are found in preeclampsia. This may be related to high extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The question arose whether ATP could affect immune responses in pregnancy. Previously, we investigated whether ATP affected monocyte activation and subpopulations. Here, we investigated ATP-induced changes in other immune cell populations in pregnant rats, systemically and in the kidney, an affected organ in preeclampsia. METHOD OF STUDY Using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry, blood and kidney leukocytes were studied in pregnant and non-pregnant rats at different intervals after ATP or saline infusion. RESULTS Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion induced increased peripheral blood non-classical monocytes and decreased T lymphocyte subsets in pregnant rats only, higher glomerular macrophage and T lymphocyte numbers in non-pregnant animals 1 day after infusion, and higher glomerular macrophage numbers in pregnant rats 6 days after infusion. CONCLUSION Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion in pregnant rats induced a pregnancy-specific inflammatory response. Increased ATP levels could potentially contribute to development of the inflammatory response of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Spaans
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chedraui P, Salazar-Pousada D, Villao A, Escobar GS, Ramirez C, Hidalgo L, Pérez-López FR, Genazzani A, Simoncini T. Polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (C677T and A1298C) in nulliparous women complicated with preeclampsia. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:392-6. [PMID: 24611473 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.895807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of C677T and A1298C Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MTHFR gene in nulliparous women complicated with preeclampsia (PE). METHODS One hundred fifty gestations complicated with PE and their corresponding controls without the disease were recruited for the genotyping of C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. Secondarily, homocysteine (HCy) plasma levels were measured in preeclamptic women displaying the CC genotype of the A1298C polymorphism (homozygous) and compared to HCy levels determined among controls with the normal AA genotype for the A1298C variant. RESULTS Only the mutant CC genotype of the A1298C polymorphism was associated to higher risk of presenting PE, as frequency of this genotype was significantly higher among cases than controls (15.3% versus 0.7%, p < 0.05). All PE women with a neck circumference ≥32 cm presented the mutant CC A1298C polymorphism as compared to none among preeclamptics with a lower neck circumference (p = 0.0001). Women with the mutant CC A1298C SNP displayed higher plasma HCy levels as compared to controls with normal AA A1298C genotype (8.4 ± 2.6 versus 7.5 ± 2.7 mmoL/L p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Prevalence of the CC mutant genotype of the A1298C polymorphism was higher among PE women. This mutation among PE women was related to increased neck circumference and higher HCy levels. Future research should aim at linking these gestational findings with obesity and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chedraui
- Enrique C. Sotomayor Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Guayaquil , Ecuador
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The Human Placenta Project: placental structure, development, and function in real time. Placenta 2014; 35:303-4. [PMID: 24661567 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite its crucial role in the health of both the fetus and the pregnant woman, the placenta is the least understood human organ. Since a growing body of evidence also underscores the importance of placental development in the lifelong health of both mother and offspring, this lack of knowledge about placental structure and function is particularly concerning. Given modern approaches and technologies and the ability to develop new methods, we propose a coordinated "Human Placenta Project", with the ultimate goal of understanding human placental structure, development, and function in real time.
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