51
|
Yang Z, Jiang X, Jiang X, Zhao H. X-inactive-specific transcript: A long noncoding RNA with complex roles in human cancers. Gene 2018; 679:28-35. [PMID: 30171939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST/Xist) is one of the first long non-coding RNAs discovered in mammals and plays an essential role in X chromosome inactivation. XIST is dysregulated and acts as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor in different human malignancies. XIST is implicated in many aspects of carcinogenesis including tumor initiation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle, stemness, autophagy, and drug resistance. This review focuses on research progress on the roles of XIST in tumor development. The multiple pathological functions of XIST in various cancers are systematically reviewed to elucidate the molecular basis of its biological roles and to provide new directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Xu Y, Wang J, Wang J. Long noncoding RNA XIST promotes proliferation and invasion by targeting miR-141 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5035-5043. [PMID: 30174441 PMCID: PMC6110635 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s170439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) was reported to play vital roles in tumor progression. In the present study, we determined the regulatory function of XIST in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Materials and methods XIST expression was determined in PTC tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qRT-PCR). Cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound-healing assay, and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression. The downstream target miRNAs for XIST were identified by luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR. Results Relative expression of XIST was upregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. High XIST expression was positively correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Function assay demonstrated that knockdown of XIST significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in PTC cells. Moreover, we showed that the effects of XIST on PTC cell progression were mediated by miR-141. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that XIST functioned as an oncogene in PTC progression by regulating miR-141, suggesting that XIST might be a promising therapeutic target for PTC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City 132101, People's Republic of China,
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jinlin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City 132101, People's Republic of China,
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Vasuri F, Visani M, Acquaviva G, Brand T, Fiorentino M, Pession A, Tallini G, D’Errico A, de Biase D. Role of microRNAs in the main molecular pathways of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2647-2660. [PMID: 29991871 PMCID: PMC6034147 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignant neoplasia. HCC is characterized by a poor prognosis. The need to find new molecular markers for its diagnosis and prognosis has led to a progressive increase in the number of scientific studies on this topic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that play a role in almost all main cellular pathways. miRNAs are involved in the regulation of expression of the major tumor-related genes in carcinogenesis, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this review was to identify papers published in 2017 investigating the role of miRNAs in HCC tumorigenesis. miRNAs were classified according to their role in the main molecular pathways involved in HCC tumorigenesis: (1) mTOR; (2) Wnt; (3) JAK/STAT; (4) apoptosis; and (5) MAPK. The role of miRNAs in prognosis/response prediction was taken into consideration. Bearing in mind that the analysis of miRNAs in serum and other body fluids would be crucial for clinical management, the role of circulating miRNAs in HCC patients was also investigated. The most represented miRNA-regulated pathway in HCC is mTOR, but apoptosis, Wnt, JAK/STAT or MAPK pathways are also influenced by miRNA expression levels. These miRNAs could thus be used in clinical practice as diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic targets for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vasuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna - School of Medicine, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna - School of Medicine, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Thomas Brand
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie), University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna - School of Medicine, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Antonia D’Errico
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie), Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Liu X, Ming X, Jing W, Luo P, Li N, Zhu M, Yu M, Liang C, Tu J. Long non-coding RNA XIST predicts worse prognosis in digestive system tumors: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180169. [PMID: 29752340 PMCID: PMC6013696 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies are indicating that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is associated with the prognosis of cancer patients. However, the results have been disputed. Therefore, we aimed to further explore the prognostic value and clinical significance of XIST in various types of cancers. Then, we focussed our research on the comparison of the predictive value of XIST between digestive system tumors and non-digestive system tumors. We performed a systematic search by looking up PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Medline (up to 3 January 2018). Fifteen studies which matched our inclusion criteria with a total of 920 patients for overall survival and 867 patients for clinicopathological characteristics were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to summarize the effects. Our results suggested that high expression levels of XIST were associated with unfavorable overall survival in cancer patients (pooled HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.45-2.26). Additionally, we found that XIST was more valuable in digestive system tumors (pooled HR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.73-2.92) than in non-digestive system tumors (pooled HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.60-2.45). Furthermore, elevated expression levels of XIST were connected with distant metastasis and tumor stage. XIST was correlated with poor prognosis, which suggested that XIST might serve as a novel predictive biomarker for cancer patients, especially for patients of digestive system tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinliang Ming
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Nandi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chunzi Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiancheng Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Peng L, Yuan XQ, Zhang CY, Peng JY, Zhang YQ, Pan X, Li GC. The emergence of long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. J Cancer 2018; 9:2549-2558. [PMID: 30026854 PMCID: PMC6036883 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for roughly 90% of all primary liver neoplasms is the sixth most frequent neoplasm and the second prominent reason of tumor fatality worldwide. As regulators of diverse biological processes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in onset and development of neoplasms. With the continuous booming of well-featured lncRNAs in HCC from 2016 to now, we reviewed the newly-presented comprehension about the relationship between lncRNAs and HCC in this study. To be specific, we summarized the overview function and study tools of lncRNAs, elaborated the roles of lncRNAs in HCC, and sketched the molecule mechanisms of lncRNAs in HCC. In addition, the application of lncRNAs serving as biomarkers in early diagnosis and outcome prediction of HCC patients was highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Chao-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Yun Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Oncology, the third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China; Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Tu J, Zhao Z, Xu M, Lu X, Chang L, Ji J. NEAT1 upregulates TGF‐β1 to induce hepatocellular carcinoma progression by sponging hsa‐mir‐139‐5p. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8578-8587. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Tu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention ResearchThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang LishuiLishuiChina
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention ResearchThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang LishuiLishuiChina
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention ResearchThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang LishuiLishuiChina
| | | | - Liu Chang
- Institute of Foreign LanguagesJianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention ResearchThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Central Hospital of Zhejiang LishuiLishuiChina
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Noncoding RNA:RNA Regulatory Networks in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051310. [PMID: 29702599 PMCID: PMC5983611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of the human transcribed genome. This largest class of RNA transcripts plays diverse roles in a multitude of cellular processes, and has been implicated in many pathological conditions, especially cancer. The different subclasses of ncRNAs include microRNAs, a class of short ncRNAs; and a variety of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), such as lincRNAs, antisense RNAs, pseudogenes, and circular RNAs. Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of these ncRNAs in competitive regulatory interactions, known as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, whereby lncRNAs can act as microRNA decoys to modulate gene expression. These interactions are often interconnected, thus aberrant expression of any network component could derail the complex regulatory circuitry, culminating in cancer development and progression. Recent integrative analyses have provided evidence that new computational platforms and experimental approaches can be harnessed together to distinguish key ceRNA interactions in specific cancers, which could facilitate the identification of robust biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and hence, more effective cancer therapies and better patient outcome and survival.
Collapse
|
58
|
Zhu J, Kong F, Xing L, Jin Z, Li Z. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of long noncoding RNA XIST in cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 479:43-47. [PMID: 29307668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
59
|
Zhou Q, Hu W, Zhu W, Zhang F, Lin-Lin L, Liu C, Songyang YY, Sun CC, Li D. Long non coding RNA XIST as a prognostic cancer marker - A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:1-7. [PMID: 29577911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The X inactivate-specific transcript (XIST), derived from XIST gene, is aberrantly expressed in various cancers. High-expression of XIST is related to poor clinical outcome. This meta-analysis evaluated the potential role of XIST as novel predictor of prognosis in human cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This meta-analysis collected eligible studies about XIST and tumor prognosis through retrieving keywords in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the CNKI database, from 1993 to August 21, 2017. The quantitative meta-analysis was carried out with Stata SE12.0 and RevMan3.23 software. The aim was to determine whether XIST expression is associated with cancer prognosis and clinicopathology. RESULTS A total of 858 patients from 10 eligible studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Overall, a significant negative association between XIST and overall survival (OS) time (HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 2.18-3.14) was observed. Statistical significance was also showed in subgroup meta-analysis stratified by the country, sample size, follow-up and publication year. It was reported that increased XIST was positively related to advanced clinical TNM stage (OR = 4.03, 95% CI: 2.22-7.30), lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.73-4.21), distant metastasis (DM) (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.57-4.33) and tumor size (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.24-4.30). CONCLUSIONS LncRNA XIST may serve as a potential biomarker to predict solid tumor prognosis. This molecule can be effectively used to predict the clinical and pathological features of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Li Lin-Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Yi-Yan Songyang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
El Khodiry A, Afify M, El Tayebi HM. Behind the curtain of non-coding RNAs; long non-coding RNAs regulating hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:549-572. [PMID: 29434445 PMCID: PMC5799857 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i5.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length greater than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. lncRNAs can regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in several ways by interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins in a sequence specific manner. They could regulate cellular and developmental processes through either gene inhibition or gene activation. Many studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs is related to many human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, neurological diseases, immune mediated disorders and cancers. However, the study of lncRNAs is challenging as they are poorly conserved between species, their expression levels aren’t as high as that of mRNAs and have great interpatient variations. The study of lncRNAs expression in cancers have been a breakthrough as it unveils potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer therapy and helps understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. This review discusses many long non-coding RNAs and their contribution in HCC, their role in development, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC and how to regulate and target these lncRNAs as a therapeutic tool in HCC treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya El Khodiry
- Genetic Pharmacology Research Group, Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Menna Afify
- Genetic Pharmacology Research Group, Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- Genetic Pharmacology Research Group, Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Long non-coding RNA XIST as a potential prognostic biomarker in human cancers: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:13911-13919. [PMID: 29568404 PMCID: PMC5862625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing studies have confirmed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involve in the occurrence and development of various cancers. XIST, as a lncRNA, was dysregulated in different cancers. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic potential of XIST in malignant tumors. Eight databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP, SinoMed and Wang Fang were comprehensively searched from their initiation date to August 15, 2017. A total of nine studies with 853 cancer patients met the including criteria were finally included in this meta-analysis after independently screening the literatures by two researchers. Any discrepancies were resolved by a consensus. Hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the primary endpoints were extracted and pooled for meta-analysis. Our results showed that expression level of XIST was markedly associated with overall survival (function as oncogene, HR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42-0.68, p < 0.00001; function as tumor suppressor, HR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.15-4.37, p = 0.02), disease free survival (DFS)(HR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.31-0.67, p < 0.0001), tumor type (digestive system carcinoma, HR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37-0.69, p < 0.00001; non-digestive system carcinoma, HR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39-0.87, p = 0.008), lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20-0.52, p < 0.00001), distant metastasis (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22-0.60, p < 0.0001) and tumor stage (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31-0.60, p < 0.00001). In conclusion, the pooled results in our current work suggest that XIST is an important prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhang Q, Chen B, Liu P, Yang J. XIST promotes gastric cancer (GC) progression through TGF‐β1 via targeting miR‐185. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2787-2796. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyHuai'an First People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anChina
| | - Baiyu Chen
- Department of General SurgeryLian Shui People's HospitalLianshuiJiangsuChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyHuai'an First People's HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityHuai'anChina
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Cheng Z, Li Z, Ma K, Li X, Tian N, Duan J, Xiao X, Wang Y. Long Non-coding RNA XIST Promotes Glioma Tumorigenicity and Angiogenesis by Acting as a Molecular Sponge of miR-429. J Cancer 2017; 8:4106-4116. [PMID: 29187887 PMCID: PMC5706014 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a worldwide malignancy, which displays significantly active metastasis and angiogenesis. Interaction between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to play crucial role in regulating tumor properties. However, the potential of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) to function as a miRNA regulator and its relevance in glioma tumorigenicity and angiogenesis have so far remained unclear. Expression analysis of lncRNA XIST in glioma cells revealed its significant up-regulation. Interestingly, silencing of XIST repressed both metastatic and pro-angiogenic ability in vitro as well as in vivo. Subsequent studies revealed that lncRNA XIST expression inversely correlated with miR-429 expression in glioma cells; miR-429 modulated XIST expression by directly targeting the XIST gene sequence. In addition, miR-429 inhibitor restored metastatic and pro-angiogenic ability of gliomas abolished by silencing XIST. Our data provide insight into the key roles of the lncRNA-miRNA functional network in gliomas, which can aid in developing new therapeutic strategies for gliomas through clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenshengnan Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021,P.R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Nan Tian
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jinyue Duan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Zhang R, Xia T. Long non-coding RNA XIST regulates PDCD4 expression by interacting with miR-21-5p and inhibits osteosarcoma cell growth and metastasis. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1460-1470. [PMID: 29048648 PMCID: PMC5643066 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
lncRNA-X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis and development of various cancers. However, the function of XIST and its working mechanism in osteosarcoma (OS) remain enigmatic. Firstly, we determined the expression of XIST in OS tissues and cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and explored whether aberrant XIST expression was associated with recurrence and short overall survival. Furthermore, the effects of XIST on osteosarcoma cells were studied by lentivirus mediated overexpression approach in vitro and in vivo. Detection of a set of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was performed to explore whether XIST is involved in EMT. Finally, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of XIST acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-21-5p in OS progression and metastasis. lncRNA XIST was significantly downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cells, and associated with recurrence and short overall survival in OS patients. XIST overexpression remarkably inhibited the proliferation of OS cells as well as the xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Both cell invasion and migration were inhibited by XIST overexpression via suppressing the EMT process. These results indicated that XIST functioned as a tumor suppressor in OS. Moreover, we found that miR-21-5p interacted with XIST by directly targeting the miRNA-binding site in the XIST sequence, and qRT-PCR results showed XIST and miR-21-5p could affect each other's expression, respectively. The following assays verified that the tumor suppressor, PDCD4 was a functional target of miR-21-5p in OS cells. Finally, we affirmed that XIST regulated PDCD4 expression by competitively binding to miR-21-5p. XIST inhibited cell proliferation and cell mobility by competitively binding to miR-21-5p and upregulating PDCD4 in OS. Our study demonstrated that lncRNA-XIST, which acts as a miRNA sponge, impedes miR-21-5p to maintain the expression of PDCD4, which contributes to the progression of OS. Our findings suggest that the newly identified XIST/miR-21-5p/PDCD4 axis could be a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for OS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201112, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xia
- Shanghai Mierxuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Chen DL, Chen LZ, Lu YX, Zhang DS, Zeng ZL, Pan ZZ, Huang P, Wang FH, Li YH, Ju HQ, Xu RH. Long noncoding RNA XIST expedites metastasis and modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3011. [PMID: 28837144 PMCID: PMC5596599 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor progression and metastasis is the main cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators in various diseases including human cancer. In this study, we found that lncRNA XIST was overexpressed in CRC cell lines and tissues. High expression of lncRNA XIST was associated with adverse overall survival in CRC patients. Knockdown of lncRNA XIST remarkably inhibited CRC cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CRC stem cell formation in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Further study indicated that knockdown of lncRNA XIST markedly increased the expression of microRNA-200b-3p (miR-200b-3p) that has been found to be downregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, and luciferase activity assay indicated that lncRNA XIST could bind directly with miR-200b-3p. Moreover, knockdown of lncRNA XIST significantly reduced the expression of ZEB1, which was the direct target of miR-200b-3p, and the tumor suppressive effects caused by knockdown of lncRNA XIST could be rescued by re-expression of ZEB1 in CRC cells. Overall, our study demonstrated how lncRNA XIST regulates CRC progression and metastasis by competing for miR-200b-3p to modulate the expression of ZEB1. lncRNA XIST may be used as a biomarker to predict prognosis in CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le-Zong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Lei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Sun W, Yang Y, Xu C, Guo J. Regulatory mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs on gene expression in cancers. Cancer Genet 2017; 216-217:105-110. [PMID: 29025584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a heterogeneous class of RNAs that are non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression in four parts, epigenetic regulation (genetic imprinting and chromatin remodeling), transcriptional regulation (molecular decoy), post-transcriptional regulation (splicing and mRNA decay), and translational regulation. H19, Xist, and others are involved in genomic imprinting. HOTAIR and ANRIL function in chromatin remodeling. GAS5 is degraded through an RNA decay pathway. NEAT1 and MALAT1 function not only in the regulation of transcription but also in splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Sun
- Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Yunben Yang
- Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chunjing Xu
- Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|