51
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Goehrig D, Nigri J, Samain R, Wu Z, Cappello P, Gabiane G, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Kim IS, Chanal M, Curto R, Hervieu V, de La Fouchardière C, Novelli F, Milani P, Tomasini R, Bousquet C, Bertolino P, Hennino A. Stromal protein βig-h3 reprogrammes tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Gut 2019; 68:693-707. [PMID: 30415234 PMCID: PMC6580775 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer is associated with an abundant stromal reaction leading to immune escape and tumour growth. This massive stroma drives the immune escape in the tumour. We aimed to study the impact of βig-h3 stromal protein in the modulation of the antitumoural immune response in pancreatic cancer. DESIGN We performed studies with p48-Cre;KrasG12D, pdx1-Cre;KrasG12D;Ink4a/Arffl/fl, pdx1-Cre;KrasG12D; p53R172H mice and tumour tissues from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Some transgenic mice were given injections of anti-βig-h3, anti-CD8, anti-PD1 depleting antibodies. Tumour growth as well as modifications in the activation of local immune cells were analysed by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Tissue stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy. RESULTS We identified βig-h3 stromal-derived protein as a key actor of the immune paracrine interaction mechanism that drives pancreatic cancer. We found that βig-h3 is highly produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts in the stroma of human and mouse. This protein acts directly on tumour-specific CD8+ T cells and F4/80 macrophages. Depleting βig-h3 in vivo reduced tumour growth by enhancing the number of activated CD8+ T cell within the tumour and subsequent apoptotic tumour cells. Furthermore, we found that targeting βig-h3 in established lesions released the tissue tension and functionally reprogrammed F4/80 macrophages in the tumour microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that targeting stromal extracellular matrix protein βig-h3 improves the antitumoural response and consequently reduces tumour weight. Our findings present βig-h3 as a novel immunological target in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Goehrig
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Zhichong Wu
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gaëlle Gabiane
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - In-San Kim
- KU-KIST School, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Korea
| | - Marie Chanal
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Roberta Curto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pascale Milani
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Biomeca, Lyon
| | | | | | - Philippe Bertolino
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ana Hennino
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Zhou C, Pan R, Li B, Huang T, Zhao J, Ying J, Duan S. GPX3 hypermethylation in gastric cancer and its prognostic value in patients aged over 60. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1279-1289. [PMID: 30924352 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the association between GPX3 methylation and gastric cancer (GC), and explored its prognostic value in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy. MATERIALS & METHODS The methylation levels of tumor and paracancerous tissues were detected by quantitative methylation-specific PCR method. RESULTS GPX3 was hypermethylated in GC (p = 4E-4), and was specific for patients with lymphatic metastasis (+), tumor invasion depth >3 cm and patients with poor differentiation. Additionally, GPX3 hypermethylation predicts a tumor recurrence in patients aged >60 (p = 0.019). Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) further confirmed GPX3 hypermethylation (cg21504918: -0.08 vs -0.25, p = 0.001). Additionally, TCGA showed an inverse correlation between GPX3 methylation and expression (p = 7E-18, r = -0.427). Data analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database showed that 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylating agent increased GPX3 expression (fold-change >2.19, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results indicated GPX3 hypermethylation in GC, and predicted a shorter tumor recurrence time in patients aged >60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
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Jin Y, Xu L, Wu X, Feng J, Shu M, Gu H, Gao G, Zhang J, Dong B, Chen X. Synergistic Efficacy of the Demethylation Agent Decitabine in Combination With the Protease Inhibitor Bortezomib for Treating Multiple Myeloma Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Oncol Res 2019; 27:729-737. [PMID: 30837032 PMCID: PMC7848415 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15443011011637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the clonal proliferation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Bortezomib (BZM), the first FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor, has significant antimyeloma activity and prolongs the median survival of MM patients. However, MM remains incurable predominantly due to acquired drug resistance and disease relapse. β-Catenin, a key effector protein in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, has been implicated in regulating myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM. Decitabine (DAC) is an epigenetic modulating agent that induces tumor suppressor gene reexpression based on its gene-specific DNA hypomethylation. DAC has been implicated in modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting the demethylation of the Wnt/β-catenin antagonists sFRP and DKK. In this study, we report the effects of single reagent DAC therapy and DAC combined with BZM on β-catenin accumulation, myeloma cell survival, apoptosis, and treatment sensitivity. Our study proved that DAC demethylated and induced the reexpression of the Wnt antagonists sFRP3 and DKK1. DAC also reduced GSK3β (Ser9) phosphorylation and decreased β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus, which were induced by BZM. Thus, the transcription of cyclin D1, c-Myc, and LEF/TCF was reduced, which synergistically inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced BZM-induced apoptosis, and promoted BZM-induced cell cycle arrest in myeloma cells. In summary, these results indicated that DAC could synergistically enhance myeloma cell sensitivity to BZM at least partly by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results can be used to optimize therapeutic regimens for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Jin
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mimi Shu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Gu
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Guangxun Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Baoxia Dong
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiequn Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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The impact of NF-κB signaling on pathogenesis and current treatment strategies in multiple myeloma. Blood Rev 2019; 34:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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55
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Yao Q, Morgan GJ, Chim CS. Distinct promoter methylation profile reveals spatial epigenetic heterogeneity in 2 myeloma patients with multifocal extramedullary relapses. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:158. [PMID: 30572945 PMCID: PMC6302381 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial and subclonal genetic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma (MM) have been demonstrated by sequencing of plasma cells from multi-focal regions, but studies of spatial epigenetic heterogeneity are scanty. Herein, promoter methylation status of genes implicated in disease progression (CDKN2A and SHP1) and marrow escape (CDH1, CD56, and CXCR4) was studied in two patients with multi-focal extramedullary relapses. Patient 1 developed simultaneous chest wall and duodenal plasmacytoma at relapse. While SHP1 and CDKN2A were hypermethylated in both plasmacytomas, CDH1 hypermethylation was detected only in the chest wall. In patient 2, SHP1 methylation was found in the extradural plasmacytoma but not bone marrow (BM) at diagnosis, and the circulating PCs but not the BM at relapse. As the clonality, based on sequence of the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the immunoglobulin gene, was conserved in plasma cells at diagnosis and relapse, differential methylation of CDH1 in patient 1 and SHP1 in patient 2 was an illustration of spatial epigenetic heterogeneity. Furthermore, subclonal epigenetic heterogeneity was identified by the presence of subclonal SHP1 promoter methylation within the chest wall plasmacytoma of patient 1. In summary, our data showed distinct promoter methylation profile of plasma cells from multiple regions. This is the first report of spatial epigenetic heterogeneity in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Yao
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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De Smedt E, Lui H, Maes K, De Veirman K, Menu E, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The Epigenome in Multiple Myeloma: Impact on Tumor Cell Plasticity and Drug Response. Front Oncol 2018; 8:566. [PMID: 30619733 PMCID: PMC6297718 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell malignancy that develops primarily in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, growth, and drug resistance. MM cells furthermore reshape the BM to their own needs by affecting the different BM stromal cell types resulting in angiogenesis, bone destruction, and immune suppression. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, MM remains most often incurable due to the development of drug resistance to all standard of care agents. This underscores the unmet need for these heavily treated relapsed/refractory patients. Disruptions in epigenetic regulation are a well-known hallmark of cancer cells, contributing to both cancer onset and progression. In MM, sequencing and gene expression profiling studies have also identified numerous epigenetic defects, including locus-specific DNA hypermethylation of cancer-related and B cell specific genes, genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and genetic defects, copy number variations and/or abnormal expression patterns of various chromatin modifying enzymes. Importantly, these so-called epimutations contribute to genomic instability, disease progression, and a worse outcome. Moreover, the frequency of mutations observed in genes encoding for histone methyltransferases and DNA methylation modifiers increases following treatment, indicating a role in the emergence of drug resistance. In support of this, accumulating evidence also suggest a role for the epigenetic machinery in MM cell plasticity, driving the differentiation of the malignant cells to a less mature and drug resistant state. This review discusses the current state of knowledge on the role of epigenetics in MM, with a focus on deregulated histone methylation modifiers and the impact on MM cell plasticity and drug resistance. We also provide insight into the potential of epigenetic modulating agents to enhance clinical drug responses and avoid disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hui Lui
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Han L, Yang X, Sun W, Li Z, Ren H, Li B, Zhang R, Zhang D, Shi Z, Liu J, Cao J, Zhang J, Xiong Y. The study of GPX3 methylation in patients with Kashin-Beck Disease and its mechanism in chondrocyte apoptosis. Bone 2018; 117:15-22. [PMID: 30153510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selenium deficiency is a risk factor for Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD), an endemic osteoarthropathy. Although promoter hypermethylation of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) (a selenoprotein) has been identified in several cancers, little is known about promoter methylation and expression of GPX3 and their relation to selenium in KBD. The present study was thus conducted to investigate this research question. METHODS Methylation and expressions of GPX3 in whole blood drawn from 288 KBD patients and 362 healthy controls and in chondrocyte cell line were evaluated using methylation-specific PCR and qRT-PCR, respectively. The protein levels of PI3K/Akt/c-fos signaling in the whole blood and chondrocyte cell line were determined with Western blotting. Chondrocytes apoptosis were detected by Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. RESULTS GPX3 methylation was increased, GPX3 mRNA was decreased, and protein levels in the PI3K/Akt/c-fos signaling pathway were up-regulated in the whole blood collected from KBD patients as compared with healthy controls. Similar results were obtained for chondrocytes injured by oxidative stress. There was a significant, decreasing trend in GPX3 expression across groups of unmethylation, partial methylation, and complete methylation for GPX3, in sequence. Compared with unmethylation group, protein levels in PI3K/Akt/c-fos pathway were enhanced in partial and complete methylation groups. Treatment of chondrocytes with sodium selenite resulted in reduced methylation and increased expression of GPX3 as well as down-regulated level of PI3K/Akt/c-fos proteins. CONCLUSIONS The methylation and expression of GPX3 and expression of PI3K/Akt/c-fos pathway are altered in KBD and these changes are reversible by selenium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiXin Han
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - XiaoLi Yang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - WenYan Sun
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - ZhaoFang Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hao Ren
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - BaoRong Li
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - RongQiang Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - DanDan Zhang
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - ZiYun Shi
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - JiFeng Liu
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - JunLing Cao
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - JianJun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, IN 46202, USA
| | - YongMin Xiong
- Institute of Endemic Diseases and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China.
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Worley BL, Kim YS, Mardini J, Zaman R, Leon KE, Vallur PG, Nduwumwami A, Warrick JI, Timmins PF, Kesterson JP, Phaëton R, Lee NY, Walter V, Endres L, Mythreye K, Aird KM, Hempel N. GPx3 supports ovarian cancer progression by manipulating the extracellular redox environment. Redox Biol 2018; 25:101051. [PMID: 30509602 PMCID: PMC6859581 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, and is primarily diagnosed at late stage when considerable metastasis has occurred in the peritoneal cavity. At late stage abdominal cavity ascites accumulation provides a tumor-supporting medium in which cancer cells gain access to growth factors and cytokines that promote survival and metastasis. However, little is known about the redox status of ascites, or whether antioxidant enzymes are required to support ovarian cancer survival during transcoelomic metastasis in this medium. Gene expression cluster analysis of antioxidant enzymes identified two distinct populations of high-grade serous adenocarcinomas (HGSA), the most common ovarian cancer subtype, which specifically separated into clusters based on glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) expression. High GPx3 expression was associated with poorer overall patient survival and increased tumor stage. GPx3 is an extracellular glutathione peroxidase with reported dichotomous roles in cancer. To further examine a potential pro-tumorigenic role of GPx3 in HGSA, stable OVCAR3 GPx3 knock-down cell lines were generated using lentiviral shRNA constructs. Decreased GPx3 expression inhibited clonogenicity and anchorage-independent cell survival. Moreover, GPx3 was necessary for protecting cells from exogenous oxidant insult, as demonstrated by treatment with high dose ascorbate. This cytoprotective effect was shown to be due to GPx3-dependent removal of extracellular H2O2. Importantly, GPx3 was necessary for clonogenic survival when cells were cultured in patient-derived ascites fluid. While oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of malignant ascites was heterogeneous in our patient cohort, and correlated positively with ascites iron content, GPx3 was required for optimal survival regardless of ORP or iron content. Collectively, our data suggest that HGSA ovarian cancers cluster into distinct groups of high and low GPx3 expression. GPx3 is necessary for HGSA ovarian cancer cellular survival in the ascites tumor environment and protects against extracellular sources of oxidative stress, implicating GPx3 as an important adaptation for transcoelomic metastasis. High grade serous ovarian cancers cluster into distinct groups of antioxidant enzyme expression. High GPx3 expression is associated with decreased overall patient survival. GPx3 promotes cell viability by protecting cells from extracellular sources of oxidative stress. GPx3 enhances cell survival in ovarian cancer patient ascites fluid. Malignant ascites oxidation-reduction potential correlates with iron content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Worley
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yeon Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Mardini
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rameez Zaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kelly E Leon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Piyushi Gupta Vallur
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Asvelt Nduwumwami
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Joshua P Kesterson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rébécca Phaëton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nam Y Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Endres
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Todoerti K, Calice G, Trino S, Simeon V, Lionetti M, Manzoni M, Fabris S, Barbieri M, Pompa A, Baldini L, Bollati V, Zoppoli P, Neri A, Musto P. Global methylation patterns in primary plasma cell leukemia. Leuk Res 2018; 73:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wong KY, Yao Q, Yuan LQ, Li Z, Ma ESK, Chim CS. Frequent functional activation of RAS signalling not explained by RAS/RAF mutations in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13522. [PMID: 30201956 PMCID: PMC6131153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations are frequent in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) but functional study in primary samples is scanty. Herein, in primary myeloma plasma cells of 17 suspected RRMM, functional activation of RAS signalling was studied by Western blot of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (phospho-ERK1/2). Moreover, activating mutations in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and ALK were studied by PCR and bidirectional direct sequencing. Furthermore, methylation of negative RAS signalling regulator genes, RASSF1A and RASD1, were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR. As evidenced by phospho-ERK1/2 over-expression, functional RAS activation was detected in 12 (75.0%) RRMM. Of patients with functional RAS activation, sequencing data showed only seven (58.3%) patients with one each had NRAS Q61H, NRAS Q61K, KRAS G12D, KRAS G12V, KRAS G13D, KRAS Q61P, or BRAF V600E mutation, whereas five (41.7%) patients had no RAS/RAF mutation. Conversely, patients without functional RAS activation had no RAS/RAF mutation. Moreover, none of the patients with functional RAS activation had ALK mutations, or methylation of RASSF1A and RASD1. Collectively, functional activation of RAS signalling was present in majority of RRMM but only about half (58.3%) accountable by RAS/RAF mutations. If verified in larger studies, clinical investigations of MEK inhibitors are warranted regardless of RAS/RAF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Qiumei Yao
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhai Li
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Edmond Shiu Kwan Ma
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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61
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Abstract
Defects in chromatin modifiers and remodelers have been described both for hematological and solid malignancies, corroborating and strengthening the role of epigenetic aberrations in the etiology of cancer. Furthermore, epigenetic marks-DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA-can be considered potential markers of cancer development and progression. Here, we review whether altered epigenetic landscapes are merely a consequence of chromatin modifier/remodeler aberrations or a hallmark of cancer etiology. We critically evaluate current knowledge on causal epigenetic aberrations and examine to what extent the prioritization of (epi)genetic deregulations can be assessed in cancer as some type of genetic lesion characterizing solid cancer progression. We also discuss the multiple challenges in developing compounds targeting epigenetic enzymes (named epidrugs) for epigenetic-based therapies. The implementation of acquired knowledge of epigenetic biomarkers for patient stratification, together with the development of next-generation epidrugs and predictive models, will take our understanding and use of cancer epigenetics in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer patients to a new level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Trapianto di Midollo Osseo-Azienda Ospedialiera di Rilievo Nazionale, Santobono-Pausilipon, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli," Napoli, Italy
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62
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Yang WC, Lin SF, Su YC. Multiple Myeloma: Personalised Medicine Based on Pathogenesis. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10312856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is increasingly being recognised as more than one disease, characterised by marked cytogenetic, molecular, and proliferative heterogeneity. The prognosis is widely varied, ranging from low to very high-risk, based on cytogenetic and molecular studies. Although novel agents, such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators, have been developed, which have improved treatment responses and disease prognosis, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Based on highly sensitive detection tools, such as gene expression profiling and next generation sequence analysis, and the understanding of the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, many potential agents, including monoclonal antibodies, drug-conjugated antibodies, drugs targeted to molecular abnormalities, microRNA inhibitors or mimics, and immune therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptors T cells and anti-PD1 agents, can be considered personalised therapies. In this paper, multiple myeloma pathogenesis and potential molecular and immunotherapies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Yang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fung Lin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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63
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Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Kuznetsova JP. Effect of Sodium Selenite on Gene Expression of SELF, SELW, and TGR Selenoproteins in Adenocarcinoma Cells of the Human Prostate. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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64
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van Nieuwenhuijzen N, Spaan I, Raymakers R, Peperzak V. From MGUS to Multiple Myeloma, a Paradigm for Clonal Evolution of Premalignant Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2449-2456. [PMID: 29703720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a treatable, but incurable, malignancy of plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM). It represents the final stage in a continuum of PC dyscrasias and is consistently preceded by a premalignant phase termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The existence of this well-defined premalignant phase provides the opportunity to study clonal evolution of a premalignant condition into overt cancer. Unraveling the mechanisms of malignant transformation of PC could enable early identification of MGUS patients at high risk of progression and may point to novel therapeutic targets, thereby possibly delaying or preventing malignant transformation. The MGUS-to-MM progression requires multiple genomic events and the establishment of a permissive BM microenvironment, although it is generally not clear if the various microenvironmental events are causes or consequences of disease progression. Advances in gene-sequencing techniques and the use of serial paired analyses have allowed for a more specific identification of driver lesions. The challenge in cancer biology is to identify and target those lesions that confer selective advantage and thereby drive evolution of a premalignant clone. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of malignant transformation of MGUS to MM. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2449-56. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels van Nieuwenhuijzen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Spaan
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor Peperzak
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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65
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Krzeminski P, Corchete LA, García JL, López-Corral L, Fermiñán E, García EM, Martín AA, Hernández-Rivas JM, García-Sanz R, San Miguel JF, Gutiérrez NC. Integrative analysis of DNA copy number, DNA methylation and gene expression in multiple myeloma reveals alterations related to relapse. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80664-80679. [PMID: 27811368 PMCID: PMC5348347 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite the introduction of novel agents, and a relapsing course is observed in most patients. Although the development of genomic technologies has greatly improved our understanding of MM pathogenesis, the mechanisms underlying relapse have been less thoroughly investigated. In this study, an integrative analysis of DNA copy number, DNA methylation and gene expression was conducted in matched diagnosis and relapse samples from MM patients. Overall, the acquisition of abnormalities at relapse was much more frequent than the loss of lesions present at diagnosis, and DNA losses were significantly more frequent in relapse than in diagnosis samples. Interestingly, copy number abnormalities involving more than 100 Mb of DNA at relapse significantly affect the gene expression of these samples, provoking a particular deregulation of the IL-8 pathway. On the other hand, no significant modifications of gene expression were observed in those samples with less than 100 Mb affected by chromosomal changes. Although several statistical approaches were used to identify genes whose abnormal expression at relapse was regulated by methylation, only two genes that were significantly deregulated in relapse samples (SORL1 and GLT1D1) showed a negative correlation between methylation and expression. Further analysis revealed that DNA methylation was involved in regulating SORL1 expression in MM. Finally, relevant changes in gene expression observed in relapse samples, such us downregulation of CD27 and P2RY8, were most likely not preceded by alterations in the corresponding DNA. Taken together, these results suggest that the genomic heterogeneity described at diagnosis remains at relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Krzeminski
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis A Corchete
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan L García
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucía López-Corral
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Encarna Fermiñán
- Unidad de Genómica y Proteómica, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva M García
- Unidad de Genómica y Proteómica, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana A Martín
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Rivas
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Sanz
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús F San Miguel
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas Aplicadas (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Norma C Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Hematología, Hospital Universitario, IBSAL, IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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66
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Next generation sequencing and large-scale analysis of patient specimens has created a more complete picture of multiple myeloma (MM) revealing that epigenetic deregulation is a prominent factor in MM pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Over half of MM patients have mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifier enzymes. The DNA methylation profile of MM is related to the stage of the disease and certain classes of mutations in epigenetic modifiers are more prevalent upon disease relapse, suggesting a role in disease progression. Many small molecules targeting regulators of epigenetic machinery have been developed and clinical trials are underway for some of these in MM. SUMMARY Recent findings suggest that epigenetic targeting drugs could be an important strategy to cure MM. Combining these agents along with other strategies to affect the MM cell such as immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors may enhance efficacy of combination regimens in MM.
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67
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Epigenetics in multiple myeloma: From mechanisms to therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:101-115. [PMID: 28962927 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor of antibody producing plasmablasts/plasma cells that resides within the bone marrow (BM). In addition to the well-established role of genetic lesions and tumor-microenvironment interactions in the development of MM, deregulated epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as important in MM pathogenesis. Recently, MM sequencing and expression projects have revealed that mutations and copy number variations as well as deregulation in the expression of epigenetic modifiers are characteristic features of MM. In the past decade, several studies have suggested epigenetic mechanisms via DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs as important contributing factors in MM with impacts on disease initiation, progression, clonal heterogeneity and response to treatment. Herein we review the present view and knowledge that has accumulated over the past decades on the role of epigenetics in MM, with focus on the interplay between epigenetic mechanisms and the potential use of epigenetic inhibitors as future treatment modalities for MM.
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68
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe how to better identify frail multiple myeloma patients and to treat them appropriately. RECENT FINDINGS Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib, and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs), such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, have significantly improved the outcome of multiple myeloma patients in the last decade. However, both in clinical trials and in daily clinical practice, elderly multiple myeloma patients have shown lesser benefit. This is mainly due to less stringent use of proteasome inhibitors and IMiDs, increased toxicity, and subsequent early discontinuation of therapy in elderly. SUMMARY Multiple myeloma typically affects elderly patients. Approximately one-third of patients are older than 75 years at diagnosis. Moreover, at least 30% are frail, both due to disease-related symptoms and (age-related) decline in physical capacity, presence of comorbidities, frailty, polypharmacy, nutritional status, and cognitive impairment. Treatment regimens that are investigated in clinical trials for transplant-ineligible patients have largely been investigated in fit, rather than frail patients, the latter being typically excluded or highly underrepresented therein. Data on the feasibility and efficacy of current standards of care are therefore lacking in frail patients. Preliminary data suggest a higher toxicity and discontinuation rate, loss of efficacy, and impaired quality of life in frail patients. Geriatric assessment helps to identify frail patients according to their functional and cognitive status. Both the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)-frailty index and Revised Myeloma Comorbidity Index constitute recently proposed algorithms that easily identify intermediate-fit and frail patients. Ongoing and future clinical trials, specifically designed for frail patients, will hopefully define frailty-directed treatment selection.
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69
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Abstract
There are many prognostic variables in multiple myeloma and the difficulty is in deciding which is truly significant. The widely used International Staging System (ISS) does not incorporate genetics, age, and other important variables in its risk stratification. Although it has its own limitations, the recently published Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) that was built upon the framework of ISS, is a more comprehensive and predictive tool for multiple myeloma patients and should be henceforth utilised. We will review the current prognostic variables and their significance in this paper.
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70
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Abstract
The outcomes for the majority of patients with myeloma have improved over recent decades, driven by treatment advances. However, there is a subset of patients considered to have high-risk disease who have not benefited. Understanding how high-risk disease evolves from more therapeutically tractable stages is crucial if we are to improve outcomes. This can be accomplished by identifying the genetic mechanisms and mutations driving the transition of a normal plasma cell to one with the features of the following disease stages: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smouldering myeloma, myeloma and plasma cell leukaemia. Although myeloma initiating events are clonal, subsequent driver lesions often occur in a subclone of cells, facilitating progression by Darwinian selection processes. Understanding the co-evolution of the clones within their microenvironment will be crucial for therapeutically manipulating the process. The end stage of progression is the generation of a state associated with treatment resistance, increased proliferation, evasion of apoptosis and an ability to grow independently of the bone marrow microenvironment. In this Review, we discuss these end-stage high-risk disease states and how new information is improving our understanding of their evolutionary trajectories, how they may be diagnosed and the biological behaviour that must be addressed if they are to be treated effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pawlyn
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- The Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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71
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Handa H, Sasaki Y, Hattori H, Alkebsi L, Kasamatsu T, Saitoh T, Mitsui T, Yokohama A, Tsukamoto N, Matsumoto M, Murakami H. Recurrent alterations of the WW domain containing oxidoreductase gene spanning the common fragile site FRA16D in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4372-4378. [PMID: 28943951 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative tumor suppressor gene WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) spans a common fragile site (CFS) on chromosome 16q23.3. CFSs are regions of profound genomic instability and sites for genomic deletions in cancer cells. Therefore, WWOX is structurally altered in diverse nonhematological cancer types. However, the function of WWOX in hematological tumor types, including multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) remains unclear. WWOX expression and methylation in patients with MM, MGUS, or noninvasive lymphoma (control) were analyzed using reverse transcription- and methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Variant WWOX transcripts were detected in 65 and 50% of patients with MM and MGUS, respectively, compared with 10% of controls. WWOX expression was higher in patients with MM, and WWOX promoter methylation was detected in 35% of patients with MM compared with 5% of patients with MGUS and 4% of controls. WWOX promoter methylation was significantly associated with shorter overall survival time of patients, in particular those with MM who were never treated with novel agents. Genomic alterations, including deletions and promoter methylation that affect WWOX expression occur early and may be involved in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hattori
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Lobna Alkebsi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takeki Mitsui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tsukamoto
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-0280, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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72
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Hu Q, Baeg GH. Role of epigenome in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:663-668. [PMID: 28709969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed a tremendous advancement in understanding the genetic basis of major human diseases such as cancer. Intriguingly, there is also an evergrowing body of evidence that suggest the critical role of epigenetic regulation in pathogenesis. In contrast to genetic mechanisms often associated with changes in DNA sequence, epigenetics generally refers to the regulation of gene expression featuring alterations in histone modification, DNA methylation, chromatin conformation and non-coding RNAs, with the first two categories being the best-characterized so far. A growing list of epigenetic factors, including writers, readers and erasers have been identified, and huge differences in genome-wide epigenetic modifications, so-called epigenome, have been reported between normal tissues and cancer. Significantly, since the epigenetic regulation is largely dependent on enzymes, they are generally reversible and thus more amenable to pharmaceutical intervention. Hence, it is believed that a comprehensive understanding of how alterations in epigenome lead to tumorigenesis, progression and drug resistance is of primary importance to develop epigenetic therapies and to ensure long-term efficacy of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117594, Singapore.
| | - Gyeong Hun Baeg
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117594, Singapore.
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73
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Amodio N, D'Aquila P, Passarino G, Tassone P, Bellizzi D. Epigenetic modifications in multiple myeloma: recent advances on the role of DNA and histone methylation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:91-101. [PMID: 27892767 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2016.1266339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a clonal late B-cell disorder accounting for about 13% of hematological cancers and 1% of all neoplastic diseases. Recent studies on the molecular pathogenesis and biology of MM have highlighted a complex epigenomic landscape contributing to MM onset, prognosis and high individual variability. Areas covered: We describe here the current knowledge on epigenetic events characterizing MM initiation and progression, focusing on the role of DNA and histone methylation and on the most promising epi-therapeutic approaches targeting the methylation pathway. Expert opinion: Data published so far indicate that alterations of the epigenetic framework, which include aberrant global or gene/non-coding RNA specific methylation profiles, feature prominently in the pathobiology of MM. Indeed, the aberrant expression of components of the epigenetic machinery as well as the reversibility of the epigenetic marks make this pathway druggable, providing the basis for the design of epigenetic therapies against this still fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Amodio
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- b Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences , University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- b Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences , University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Magna Graecia University , Catanzaro , Italy.,c Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , US
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- b Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences , University of Calabria , Rende , Italy
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74
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Gene and metabolite time-course response to cigarette smoking in mouse lung and plasma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178281. [PMID: 28575117 PMCID: PMC5456044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cigarette smoking (CS) causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent serious condition that may persist or progress after smoking cessation. To provide insight into how CS triggers COPD, we investigated temporal patterns of lung transcriptome expression and systemic metabolome changes induced by chronic CS exposure and smoking cessation. Whole lung RNA-seq data was analyzed at transcript and exon levels from C57Bl/6 mice exposed to CS for 1- or 7 days, for 3-, 6-, or 9 months, or for 6 months followed by 3 months of cessation using age-matched littermate controls. We identified previously unreported dysregulation of pyrimidine metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways and confirmed alterations in glutathione metabolism and circadian gene pathways. Almost all dysregulated pathways demonstrated reversibility upon smoking cessation, except the lysosome pathway. Chronic CS exposure was significantly linked with alterations in pathways encoding for energy, phagocytosis, and DNA repair and triggered differential expression of genes or exons previously unreported to associate with CS or COPD, including Lox, involved in matrix remodeling, Gp2, linked to goblet cells, and Slc22a12 and Agpat3, involved in purine and glycerolipid metabolism, respectively. CS-induced lung metabolic pathways changes were validated using metabolomic profiles of matched plasma samples, indicating that dynamic metabolic gene regulation caused by CS is reflected in the plasma metabolome. Using advanced technologies, our study uncovered novel pathways and genes altered by chronic CS exposure, including those involved in pyrimidine metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signaling and lysosome function, highlighting their potential importance in the pathogenesis or diagnosis of CS-associated conditions.
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75
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Zatula A, Dikic A, Mulder C, Sharma A, Vågbø CB, Sousa MML, Waage A, Slupphaug G. Proteome alterations associated with transformation of multiple myeloma to secondary plasma cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19427-19442. [PMID: 28038447 PMCID: PMC5386695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm that may either originate de novo (primary PCL) or by leukemic transformation of multiple myeloma (MM) to secondary PCL (sPCL). The prognosis of sPCL is very poor, and currently no standard treatment is available due to lack of prospective clinical studies. In an attempt to elucidate factors contributing to transformation, we have performed super-SILAC quantitative proteome profiling of malignant plasma cells collected from the same patient at both the MM and sPCL stages of the disease. 795 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the MM and sPCL samples. Gene ontology analysis indicated a metabolic shift towards aerobic glycolysis in sPCL as well as marked down-regulation of enzymes involved in glycan synthesis, potentially mediating altered glycosylation of surface receptors. There was no significant change in overall genomic 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine at the two stages, indicating that epigenetic dysregulation was not a major driver of transformation to sPCL. The present study constitutes the first attempt to provide a comprehensive map of the altered protein expression profile accompanying transformation of MM to sPCL in a single patient, identifying several candidate proteins that can be targeted by currently available small molecule drugs. Our dataset furthermore constitutes a reference dataset for further proteomic analysis of sPCL transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Zatula
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aida Dikic
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Celine Mulder
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Present address: University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Cathrine B Vågbø
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Mirta M L Sousa
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, Department of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Core Facility for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
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76
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Issa ME, Takhsha FS, Chirumamilla CS, Perez-Novo C, Vanden Berghe W, Cuendet M. Epigenetic strategies to reverse drug resistance in heterogeneous multiple myeloma. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:17. [PMID: 28203307 PMCID: PMC5303245 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy, which remains incurable because most patients eventually relapse or become refractory to current treatments. Due to heterogeneity within the cancer cell microenvironment, cancer cell populations employ a dynamic survival strategy to chemotherapeutic treatments, which frequently results in a rapid acquisition of therapy resistance. Besides resistance-conferring genetic alterations within a tumor cell population selected during drug treatment, recent findings also reveal non-mutational mechanisms of drug resistance, involving a small population of "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) which are intrinsically more refractory to the effects of a variety of anticancer drugs. Other studies have implicated epigenetic mechanisms in reversible drug tolerance to protect the population from eradication by potentially lethal exposures, suggesting that acquired drug resistance does not necessarily require a stable heritable genetic alteration. Clonal evolution of MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment changes contribute to drug resistance. MM-CSCs may not be a static population and survive as phenotypically and functionally different cell types via the transition between stem-like and non-stem-like states in local microenvironments, as observed in other types of cancers. Targeting MM-CSCs is clinically relevant, and different approaches have been suggested to target molecular, metabolic and epigenetic signatures, and the self-renewal signaling characteristic of MM CSC-like cells. Here, we summarize epigenetic strategies to reverse drug resistance in heterogeneous multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Issa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Farnaz Sedigheh Takhsha
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Chandra Sekhar Chirumamilla
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudina Perez-Novo
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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77
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Laubach JP, San-Miguel JF, Hungria V, Hou J, Moreau P, Lonial S, Lee JH, Einsele H, Alsina M, Richardson PG. Deacetylase inhibitors: an advance in myeloma therapy? Expert Rev Hematol 2017; 10:229-237. [DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2017.1280388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Laubach
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesus F. San-Miguel
- Department of Hematology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, CIMA, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vania Hungria
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericordia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melissa Alsina
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul G. Richardson
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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78
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Szalat R, Munshi NC. Next-Generation Sequencing Informing Therapeutic Decisions and Personalized Approaches. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 35:e442-8. [PMID: 27249752 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_159017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a heterogeneous disease featured by different molecular subtypes. In the last decade, new therapeutics including second- and third-generation proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents, monoclonal antibodies, and other novel targeted agents have completely transformed the outcome of the disease. The task ahead is to develop strategies to identify effective combinations and sequences of agents that can exploit the genetic make-up of myeloma cells to improve efficacy. Moreover, a subgroup of high-risk patients who experience early disease relapse and shorter survival also requires early identification and specific intervention. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies now allow us to accomplish some of these goals. As described here, besides improving our understanding of the disease, it is beginning to influence our clinical decisions and therapeutic choices. In this article, we describe the current state-of-the-art role of NGS in myeloma from identifying high-risk disease, to drug selection, and, ultimately, to guide personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Szalat
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- From the Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
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79
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Varlamova EG, Cheremushkina IV. Contribution of mammalian selenocysteine-containing proteins to carcinogenesis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:76-85. [PMID: 27908428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by a sharp growth of free radicals in the organism is a major cause underlying the occurrence of all kinds of malignant formations. Selenium is an important essential trace element found in selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine, an amino acid differing from cysteine for the presence of selenium instead of sulfur and making such proteins highly active. To date the role of selenium has been extensively investigated through studying the functions of selenoproteins in carcinogenesis. Analysis of the obtained results clearly demonstrates that selenoproteins can act as oncosuppressors, but can also, on the contrary, favor the formation of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gennadyevna Varlamova
- Federal State Institution of Science Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Institutskaya st. 3, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Irina Valentinovna Cheremushkina
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, Prospect revolution st. 19, 394000, Voronezh, Russia.
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80
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Zhou JD, Lin J, Zhang TJ, Ma JC, Yang L, Wen XM, Guo H, Yang J, Deng ZQ, Qian J. GPX3 methylation in bone marrow predicts adverse prognosis and leukemia transformation in myelodysplastic syndrome. Cancer Med 2016; 6:267-274. [PMID: 27891827 PMCID: PMC5269561 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of GPX3 has been identified in various cancers including leukemia. Moreover, aberrant DNA methylation was also found as a dominant mechanism of disease progression in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This study intended to explore GPX3 promoter methylation and its clinical relevance in 110 patients with MDS. GPX3 methylation was examined by real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (RQ-MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). GPX3 methylation was identified in 15% (17/110) MDS patients, and significantly higher than controls, and lower than acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (P = 0.024 and 0.041). GPX3 methylated patients had older age and higher frequency of DNMT3A mutation (P = 0.015 and 0.066). Cases with GPX3 methylation showed significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time than those with GPX3 unmethylation analyzed with Kaplan-Meier analysis (P = 0.012). Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed that GPX3 methylation might act as an independent prognostic indicator in MDS (HR = 1.847, P = 0.072). GPX3 methylation density was significantly increased during the progression from MDS to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) in three follow-up paired patients. Our study concludes that GPX3 methylation in bone marrow is associated with adverse prognosis and leukemia transformation in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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81
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Nolte F, Mossner M, Jann JC, Nowak D, Boch T, Müller NZ, Hofmann WK, Metzgeroth G. Concomitant MDS with isolated 5q deletion and MGUS: case report and review of molecular aspects. Eur J Haematol 2016; 98:302-310. [PMID: 27862375 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) have a higher risk for the development of concomitant primary cancers such as multiple myeloma (MM) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We report the case of patient initially suffering from MGUS of the IgG lambda subtype for more than 10 yr, which evolved to MM and MDS with deletion (5q) with severe pancytopenia. Due to pancytopenia, he received dose-reduced treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. He achieved an ongoing transfusion independency after about 1 month of treatment. Bone marrow taken 14 months after start of treatment showed a complete cytogenetic response of the del(5q) clone and a plasma cell infiltration below 5%. In contrast to the development of MM in MGUS patients, the subsequent occurrence of MDS after diagnosis of MGUS is infrequent. Moreover, the biological association of MDS with MGUS is not sufficiently understood, but the non-treatment-related occurrence supports the pathogenetic role of pre-existing alterations of stem cells. Here, we summarize data on concomitant MDS and MGUS/MM with particular emphasis on molecular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Nolte
- Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Nowak
- Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Boch
- Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadine Zoe Müller
- Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
- Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Georgia Metzgeroth
- Medical faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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82
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San-Miguel JF, Einsele H, Moreau P. The Role of Panobinostat Plus Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Treating Relapsed or Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A European Perspective. Adv Ther 2016; 33:1896-1920. [PMID: 27677481 PMCID: PMC5083773 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Panobinostat is an oral pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor developed by Novartis. Panobinostat acts via epigenetic modification and inhibition of the aggresome pathway. In August 2015, the European Commission authorized panobinostat for use in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM) in patients who have received ≥2 prior regimens including bortezomib and an immunomodulatory drug. In January 2016, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended panobinostat for use in the same combination and patient population. The authorization and recommendation were based on results from the pivotal phase 3 PANORAMA 1 (NCT01023308) clinical trial, which demonstrated an improvement in median progression-free survival of 7.8 months for the three-drug combination compared with placebo plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in this patient population. This review will discuss the current treatment landscape for relapsed/refractory MM, the mechanism of action of panobinostat, clinical data supporting the European authorization, concerns about safety and strategies for mitigating toxicity, and how panobinostat fits into the current MM landscape in Europe. FUNDING Editorial support, funded by Novartis Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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83
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Smith D, Yong K. Advances in understanding prognosis in myeloma. Br J Haematol 2016; 175:367-380. [PMID: 27604166 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades outcomes in multiple myeloma (myeloma) have greatly improved, due to the introduction of newer, more effective therapies. This improvement is not uniform. Response to treatment and survival remains heterogeneous, with some patients living for 1-2 years whilst others are alive and progression-free at 10 years. This variation in outcome is due to patient characteristics plus features intrinsic to the myeloma tumour. Alongside the introduction of novel therapies there has been a greater understanding of disease biology and mechanisms of resistance. This has led to an increase in the number of prognostic markers that can be used in myeloma. This is important not only for more accurate counselling of patients in terms of disease outcome, but also in paving the way for risk-adapted therapy. Both newer and traditional prognostic markers need to be used in the context of planned therapy. Indeed, the prognostic value of certain markers varies according to which therapy the patient receives. As such, these prognostic factors will require constant re-evaluation as agents with new mechanisms of action are added into the myeloma treatment algorithm. This article summarises current concepts of prognostic markers in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Smith
- Department of Haematology, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Kwee Yong
- Department of Haematology, University College, London, UK
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84
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Chen H, Zheng Z, Kim KY, Jin X, Roh MR, Jin Z. Hypermethylation and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 3 are related to pathogenesis of melanoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2737-2744. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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85
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Kint N, Delforge M. Concise review - Treatment of multiple myeloma in the very elderly: How do novel agents fit in? J Geriatr Oncol 2016; 7:383-9. [PMID: 27567255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has greatly improved due to the introduction of novel agents, including proteasome inhibitors (PI) and immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs). Given their generalized use at diagnosis and at relapse and their proven benefit for the large cohort of MM patients, it is of pivotal importance to also critically evaluate any benefit of these agents in very elderly (>75years) and frail patients. This review gives an overview of the benefits and toxicities of the currently available treatments in very elderly MM patients with a focus on first-line treatment. In addition we discuss the role of geriatric assessment to optimize treatment efficacy in the more vulnerable cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kint
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Delforge
- Department of Hematology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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86
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Cao Y, Qiu GQ, Wu HQ, Wang ZL, Lin Y, Wu W, Xie XB, Gu WY. Decitabine enhances bortezomib treatment in RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3469-75. [PMID: 27571872 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the interactions between decitabine (DAC) and bortezomib (BTZ) in RPMI 8226 multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Cells were exposed to DAC alone and in combination with BTZ for 48 h. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was performed to assess the rate of proliferation inhibition in the cells. Cell apoptosis was investigated by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide staining. Flow cytometry was used to detect the different cell cycle stages. Western blotting was performed to analyze the protein expression levels of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP‑1), caspase‑3, ‑9 and DNA (cytosine‑5‑)‑methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess DNMT1 gene expression. The combination of DAC and BTZ increased the proliferation inhibition, apoptotic rate and G0‑G1 arrest compared with use of a single therapeutic agent. In addition, the combination treatment enhanced PARP‑1 cleavage, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activation and downregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of DNMT1. Therefore, the current study determined that the combination of BTZ and the epigenetic agent DAC may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of BTZ in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Qiu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Qing Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Lin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ying Gu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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87
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Xue Y, Hu H, Ye J, Li X, Lu Z, Meng F, Liang S. Berberine acts as a putative epigenetic modulator by affecting the histone code. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:10-17. [PMID: 27311644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline plant alkaloid, exhibits a wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects. However, the precise mechanism of these bioactivities remains poorly understood. In this study, we found significant similarity between berberine and two epigenetic modulators (CG-1521 and TSA). Reverse-docking using berberine as a ligand identified lysine-N-methyltransferase as a putative target of berberine. These findings suggested the potential role of berberine in epigenetic modulation. The results of PCR array analysis of epigenetic chromatin modification enzymes supported our hypothesis. Furthermore, the analysis showed that enzymes involved in histone acetylation and methylation were predominantly affected by treatment with berberine. Up-regulation of histone acetyltransferase CREBBP and EP300, histone deacetylase SIRT3, histone demethylase KDM6A as well as histone methyltransferase SETD7, and down-regulation of histone acetyltransferase HDAC8, histone methyltransferase WHSC1I, WHSC1II and SMYD3, in addition to 38 genes from histone clusters 1-3 were observed in berberine-treated cells using real-time PCR. In parallel, western blotting analyses revealed that the expression of H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 proteins decreased with berberine treatment. These results were further confirmed in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cell lines HL-60/ADR and KG1-α. Taken together, this study suggests that berberine might modulate the expression of epigenetic regulators important for many downstream pathways, resulting in the variation of its bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Jiangxi Science & Technology Research Center for Safety, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Oncology, 6th People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyu Ye
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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88
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Galectin-1 suppression delineates a new strategy to inhibit myeloma-induced angiogenesis and tumoral growth in vivo. Leukemia 2016; 30:2351-2363. [PMID: 27311934 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is involved in tumoral angiogenesis, hypoxia and metastases. Actually the Gal-1 expression profile in multiple myeloma (MM) patients and its pathophysiological role in MM-induced angiogenesis and tumoral growth are unknown. In this study, we found that Gal-1 expression by MM cells was upregulated in hypoxic conditions and that stable knockdown of hypoxia inducible factor-1α significantly downregulated its expression. Therefore, we performed Gal-1 inhibition using lentivirus transfection of shRNA anti-Gal-1 in human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), and showed that its suppression modified transcriptional profiles in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Interestingly, Gal-1 inhibition in MM cells downregulated proangiogenic genes, including MMP9 and CCL2, and upregulated the antiangiogenic ones SEMA3A and CXCL10. Consistently, Gal-1 suppression in MM cells significantly decreased their proangiogenic properties in vitro. This was confirmed in vivo, in two different mouse models injected with HMCLs transfected with anti-Gal-1 shRNA or the control vector. Gal-1 suppression in both models significantly reduced tumor burden and microvascular density as compared with the control mice. Moreover, Gal-1 suppression induced smaller lytic lesions on X-ray in the intratibial model. Overall, our data indicate that Gal-1 is a new potential therapeutic target in MM blocking angiogenesis.
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89
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A novel hypoxia-selective epigenetic agent RRx-001 triggers apoptosis and overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Leukemia 2016; 30:2187-2197. [PMID: 27118403 PMCID: PMC5093055 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic bone-marrow (BM) microenvironment confers growth/survival and drug-resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Novel therapies targeting the MM cell in its hypoxic-BM milieu may overcome drug resistance. Recent studies led to the development of a novel molecule RRx-001 with hypoxia-selective epigenetic and Nitric Oxide-donating properties. Here we demonstrate that RRx-001 decreases the viability of MM cell lines and primary patient cells, as well as overcomes drug-resistance. RRx-001 inhibits MM cell growth in the presence of BM stromal cells. RRx-001 induced apoptosis is associated with: 1) activation of caspases; 2) release of ROS and nitrogen-species; 3) induction of DNA damage via ATM/γ-H2AX; and 4) decrease in DNA methytransferase (DNMT) and global methylation. RNA interference study shows a predominant role of DNMT1 in MM cell survival versus DNMT3a or DNMT3b. Deubiquitylating enzyme USP7 stimulates DNMT1 activity; and conversely, USP7-siRNA reduced DNMT1 activity and decreased MM cell viability. RRx-001 plus USP7 inhibitor P5091 triggered synergistic anti-MM activity. MM xenograft studies show that RRx-001 is well tolerated, inhibits tumor growth, and enhances survival. Combining RRx-001 with pomalidomide, bortezomib or SAHA induces synergistic anti-MM activity. Our results provide the rationale for translation of RRx-001, either alone or in combination, to clinical evaluation in MM.
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90
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miR-29s: a family of epi-miRNAs with therapeutic implications in hematologic malignancies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12837-61. [PMID: 25968566 PMCID: PMC4536984 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A wealth of studies has highlighted the biological complexity of hematologic malignancies and the role of dysregulated signal transduction pathways. Along with the crucial role of genetic abnormalities, epigenetic aberrations are nowadays emerging as relevant players in cancer development, and significant research efforts are currently focusing on mechanisms by which histone post-translational modifications, DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs contribute to the pathobiology of cancer. As a consequence, these studies have provided the rationale for the development of epigenetic drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors and demethylating compounds, some of which are currently in advanced phase of pre-clinical investigation or in clinical trials. In addition, a more recent body of evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) might target effectors of the epigenetic machinery, which are aberrantly expressed or active in cancers, thus reverting those epigenetic abnormalities driving tumor initiation and progression. This review will focus on the broad epigenetic activity triggered by members of the miR-29 family, which underlines the potential of miR-29s as candidate epi-therapeutics for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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91
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Maes K, De Smedt E, Kassambara A, Hose D, Seckinger A, Van Valckenborgh E, Menu E, Klein B, Vanderkerken K, Moreaux J, De Bruyne E. In vivo treatment with epigenetic modulating agents induces transcriptional alterations associated with prognosis and immunomodulation in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3319-34. [PMID: 25669970 PMCID: PMC4413656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) are in early clinical development for multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. Despite all encouraging pre-clinical data, clinical activity of HDACi and DNMTi is mostly lacking. To optimize the trials, characterization of the in vivo response towards HDACi and DNMTi will be crucial. Therefore, we investigated the transcriptional response after in vivo treatment with the HDACi quisinostat or DNMTi decitabine using the murine 5T33MM model. We identified 504 and 154 genes deregulated by quisinostat and decitabine, respectively. Of interest, MM patients' gene expression levels of 62 quisinostat- and 25 decitabine-deregulated genes were predictive for overall survival of patients. This prognostic information was implemented in a DNA methylation and histone acetylation score. A high score was related to a high proliferative and immature phenotype of MM cells. Furthermore, highly scored MM patients had an adverse overall survival. Interestingly, bio-informatic prediction tools revealed an association of quisinostat-deregulated genes with lymphocyte activation, proliferation, immune-effector mechanisms and T-helper-1 development. Overall, treatment of 5T33MM mice with epigenetic modulating agents led to the translation of gene signatures to predict overall survival of MM patients. HDACi mainly deregulated tumoral immunomodulatory pathways, supporting the rationale to combine HDACi with immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Haematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Dirk Hose
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Klein
- Department of Biological Haematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Haematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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92
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Lipchick BC, Fink EE, Nikiforov MA. Oxidative stress and proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Pharmacol Res 2016; 105:210-5. [PMID: 26827824 PMCID: PMC5044866 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a form of plasma cell neoplasm that accounts for approximately 10% of all hematological malignancies. Recently, several novel drugs have been discovered that almost doubled the overall survival of multiple myeloma patients. One of these drugs, the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) has demonstrated remarkable response rates in multiple myeloma patients, and yet, currently this disease remains incurable. The major factor undermining the success of multiple myeloma treatment is a rapidly emerging resistance to the available therapy. Thus, the development of stand-alone or adjuvant anti-myeloma agents becomes of paramount importance. Overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) often accompanies malignant transformation due to oncogene activation and/or enhanced metabolism in tumor cells. As a result, these cells possess higher levels of ROS and lower levels of antioxidant molecules compared to their normal counterparts. Unbalanced production of ROS leads to oxidative stress which, if left unchecked, could be toxic for the cell. In multiple myeloma cells where high rates of immunoglobulin synthesis is an additional factor contributing to overproduction of ROS, further induction of oxidative stress can be an effective strategy to cope with this disease. Here we will review the available data on the role of oxidative stress in the cytotoxicity of proteasome inhibitors and the use of ROS-inducing compounds as anti-myeloma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Lipchick
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Emily E Fink
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mikhail A Nikiforov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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93
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Bhutani M, Landgren O, Usmani SZ. Multiple myeloma: is it time for biomarker-driven therapy? Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:e493-503. [PMID: 25993214 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.e493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable strides have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which multiple myeloma develops, leading to more sophisticated classification that incorporates not only the traditional diagnostic criteria, but also immunophenotype, genetic, and molecular features. However, even with this added information, considerable heterogeneity in clinical outcomes exists within the identified subtypes. The present paradigm for myeloma treatment is built on the basic step of defining transplant eligibility versus noneligibility, as determined by age, performance status, and cumulative burden of comorbidities. An incredibly complex heterogeneous disease is, therefore, treated in a generalized way with the result that large interpatient variability exists in the outcome. As antimyeloma therapeutics continue to expand it is becoming even more crucial to personalize treatment approaches that provide the most value to a specific patient. Development of biomarkers, either individually or as larger sets or patterns and ranging from analysis of blood or bone marrow to biomedical imaging, is a major focus in the field. Biomarkers such as involved serum free light chain ratio and MRI focal lesions have been implemented in the new definition of multiple myeloma and guide clinicians to initiate treatment in otherwise asymptomatic individuals. Currently, however, there is not enough evidence to support intensifying the treatment for high-risk disease or reducing the treatment for low-risk disease. Minimal residual disease-negative status is an important biomarker that holds promise for monitoring the effectiveness of response-adapted strategies. This article sheds light on the forward landscape and rear-mirror view of biomarkers in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Bhutani
- From the Department of Hematologic Oncology & Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute/Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC; Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ola Landgren
- From the Department of Hematologic Oncology & Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute/Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC; Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Saad Z Usmani
- From the Department of Hematologic Oncology & Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute/Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, NC; Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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94
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Trotter TN, Yang Y. Matricellular proteins as regulators of cancer metastasis to bone. Matrix Biol 2016; 52-54:301-314. [PMID: 26807761 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, and a frequent site of metastasis for many cancers is the bone marrow. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process is necessary for future prevention and treatment. The tumor microenvironment is now known to play a role in the metastatic cascade, both at the primary tumor and in metastatic sites, and includes both cellular and non-cellular components. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and signaling cues to cells. One particular group of molecules associated with the ECM, known as matricellular proteins, modulate multiple aspects of tumor biology, including growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. These proteins are also important for normal function in the bone by regulating bone formation and bone resorption. Recent studies have described a link between some of these proteins and metastasis of various tumors to the bone. The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about matricellular protein influence on bone metastasis. Particular attention to the contribution of both tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the bone has been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Trotter
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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95
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He Y, Shao F, Pi W, Shi C, Chen Y, Gong D, Wang B, Cao Z, Tang K. Largescale Transcriptomics Analysis Suggests Over-Expression of BGH3, MMP9 and PDIA3 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146530. [PMID: 26745629 PMCID: PMC4706424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been reported as the most prevalent cancer of the head and neck region, while early diagnosis remains challenging. Here we took a comprehensive bioinformatics study on microarray data of 326 OSCC clinical samples with control of 165 normal tissues. The cell interaction pathways of ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion were found to be significantly regulated in OSCC samples. Further analysis of the topological properties and expression consistency identified that three hub genes in the gene interaction network, MMP9, PDIA3 and BGH3, were consistently up-expressed in OSCC samples. When being validated on additional microarray datasets of 41 OSCC samples, the validation rate of over-expressed BGH3, MMP9, and PDIA3 reached 90%, 90% and 84% respectively. At last, immuno-histochemical assays were done to test the protein expression of the three genes on newly collected clinical samples of 35 OSCC, 20 samples of pre-OSCC stage, and 12 normal oral mucosa specimens. Their protein expression levels were also found to progressively increase from normal mucosa to pre-OSCC stage and further to OSCC (ANOVA p = 0.000), suggesting their key roles in OSCC pathogenesis. Based on above solid validation, we propose BGH3, MMP9 and PDIA3 might be further explored as potential biomarkers to aid OSCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fangyang Shao
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weidong Pi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cong Shi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Diping Gong
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kailin Tang
- Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- * E-mail:
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96
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Ye P, Qu CF, Hu XL. Impact of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP-3 promoter methylation on the risk and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6893-904. [PMID: 26662570 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP-3 methylations in esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients and their relationship with the development and prognosis of EC. This study population consisted of 264 patients (case group) whom EC radical resection was performed and 283 healthy individuals (control group). Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) detected the methylation status of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP-3 in the peripheral blood in both groups. The expressions of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP-3 in EC and adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The methylation rates of IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGFBP3, and IGF-1 + IGF1R + IGFBP3 in the case group were higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). Additionally, there were statistical significances for the methylation rates of IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGFBP3, and IGF-1 + IGF1R + IGFBP3 IGF-1 among patients of different clinicopathological features (all P < 0.05). The positive expression rates of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in EC were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (both P < 0.001), and the rate of IGFBP-3 in EC was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that IGF-1 and IGF1R gene promoter methylation was positively correlated with the positive expressions of IGF-1 (r = 0.139, P = 0.024) and IGF-1R (r = 0.135, P = 0.028), while the IGFBP3 methylation was negatively correlated with the positive expression of IGFBP3 (r = -0.133, P = 0.031). The positive expressions of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGFBP-3 were related to different clinicopathological features (all P < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis results showed that methylation status of IGF-1, IGF-1R, and IGF-1 + IGF1R + IGFBP3 ; expressions of IGF-1 and IGF-1R protein; infiltration depth; and lymph node metastasis (LNM) were independent factors of EC prognosis. Our study demonstrated that methylation of IGF-1, IGF1R, IGFBP3, and IGF-1 + IGF1R + IGFBP3 was closely linked with the occurrence of EC and patients' clinicopathological features. Besides, the methylation status of the target genes and the expressions of IGF-1 and IGF-1R protein were independent factors of EC prognosis, which could provide a direction for the prognosis and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Fa Qu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haping Road, No. 150, Nangang Area, Harbin, 150080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Lin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The No. 1 People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
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97
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Richardson PG, Harvey RD, Laubach JP, Moreau P, Lonial S, San-Miguel JF. Panobinostat for the treatment of relapsed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: pharmacology and clinical outcomes. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015; 9:35-48. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1096773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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98
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Mechanisms and Clinical Applications of Genome Instability in Multiple Myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:943096. [PMID: 26579543 PMCID: PMC4633548 DOI: 10.1155/2015/943096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing genomic instability represents a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) cells, which manifests largely as whole chromosome- or translocation-based aneuploidy. Importantly, although it supports tumorigenesis, progression and, response to treatment in MM patients, it remains one of the least understood components of malignant transformation in terms of molecular basis. Therefore these aspects make the comprehension of genomic instability a pioneering strategy for novel therapeutic and clinical speculations to use in the management of MM patients. Here we will review mechanisms mediating genomic instability in MM cells with an emphasis placed on pathogenic mutations affecting DNA recombination, replication and repair, telomere function and mitotic regulation of spindle attachment, centrosome function, and chromosomal segregation. We will discuss the mechanisms by which genetic aberrations give rise to multiple pathogenic events required for myelomagenesis and conclude with a discussion of the clinical applications of these findings in MM patients.
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99
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Wong KY, Chim CS. DNA methylation of tumor suppressor protein-coding and non-coding genes in multiple myeloma. Epigenomics 2015; 7:985-1001. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematological malignancy arising from immortalized plasma cells in the bone marrow. DNA methylation refers to the catalytic addition of a methyl group to the cytosine ring of a CpG dinucleotide. Methylation of a promoter-associated CpG island, a cluster of CpG dinucleotides, may lead to silencing of the associated gene. In carcinogenesis, methylation of protein-coding or non-coding tumor suppressor genes/miRNAs is associated with transcriptional silencing, loss of tumor suppressor function and prognostic significance. This review first introduces pathogenesis of myeloma and DNA methylation in cancer. Then, it summarizes methylation of protein-coding tumor suppressor genes, especially, the latest genome-wide methylation studies in myeloma, followed by the latest findings of methylation of non-coding tumor suppressor miRNAs in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yeung Wong
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Chor Sang Chim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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100
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Mimura N, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Novel therapeutic strategies for multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:732-41. [PMID: 26118499 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma-cell malignancy which remains incurable despite the recent emergence of multiple novel agents. Importantly, recent genetic and molecular analyses have revealed the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies to eliminate all clones. Moreover, the bone marrow microenvironment, including stromal cells and immune cells, plays a central role in MM pathogenesis, promoting tumor cell growth, survival, and drug resistance. New classes of agents including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy; however, novel therapeutic approaches are still urgently needed to further improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and future strategies to ultimately develop MM therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Mimura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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