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Dolz S, Barragán E, Fuster Ó, Llop M, Cervera J, Such E, De Juan I, Palanca S, Murria R, Bolufer P, Luna I, Gómez I, López M, Ibáñez M, Sanz MA. Novel real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of recurrent fusion genes in acute myeloid leukemia. J Mol Diagn 2013; 15:678-86. [PMID: 23806810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent World Health Organization classification recognizes different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to the presence of several recurrent genetic abnormalities. Detection of these abnormalities and other molecular changes is of increasing interest because it contributes to a refined diagnosis and prognostic assessment in AML and enables monitoring of minimal residual disease. These genetic abnormalities can be detected using single RT-PCR, although the screening is still labor intensive and costly. We have developed a novel real-time RT-PCR assay to simultaneously detect 15 AML-associated rearrangements that is a simple and easily applicable method for use in clinical diagnostic laboratories. This method showed 100% specificity and sensitivity (95% confidence interval, 91% to 100% and 92% to 100%, respectively). The procedure was validated in a series of 105 patients with AML. The method confirmed all translocations detected using standard cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization and some additional undetected rearrangements. Two patients demonstrated two molecular rearrangements simultaneously, with BCR-ABL1 implicated in both, in addition to RUNX1-MECOM in one patient and PML-RARA in another. In conclusion, this novel real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of multiple AML-associated fusion genes is a versatile and sensitive method for reliable screening of recurrent rearrangements in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dolz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Xue SL, Cui HX, Zou JY, Xue MX, Tang XW, Zhang YM, Wu DP. Low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of relapsed or primary refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia: a retrospective study of 25 Chinese patients. Hematol Oncol 2013; 31:206-12. [PMID: 23616245 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Xue
- Department of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Hong-Xia Cui
- Department of hematology; The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an City; Huai'an China
| | - Jing-Ying Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, School of Nursing of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Meng-Xing Xue
- Department of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Xiao-Wen Tang
- Department of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
| | - Yan-Ming Zhang
- Department of hematology; The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an City; Huai'an China
| | - De-Pei Wu
- Department of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou China
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Laforêt MP, Turlure P, Lippert E, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Pigneux A, Pradeau R, Feuillard J, Gachard N. Design and feasibility of a novel, rapid, and simple fluorescence 26-plex rt-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 24 fusion transcripts in adult acute myeloid leukemia. J Mol Diagn 2013; 15:186-95. [PMID: 23318495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of chromosomal abnormalities is mandatory for classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and the abnormalities have to be determined quickly, to allow patient enrollment in multicenter protocols and/or for selecting therapeutic strategies. Rapid AML molecular diagnosis is often difficult to achieve, however, because it is based on numerous different RT-PCR protocols. We developed a new RT-PCR method, one that does not require a nested step, to simultaneously detect all AML fusion transcripts from six major recurrent translocations found in adults: t(15;17)(q22;q12), inv(16)(p13.1q22) [t(16;16)(p13.1;q22)], t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(6;9)(p23;q34), t(9;22)(q34;q11), and t(10;11)(p13;q14). Specific primers for RT-PCR detection of the 24 fusion transcripts, along with two transcripts for controls, were designed for this 26-plex RT-PCR. Each PCR product had a different size and was separated by capillary electrophoresis. We also designed a multiplex positive control with 24 chimeric RNAs, corresponding to all chimeric RNAs tested. Compared with classical molecular biology protocols and cytogenetic analyses used as reference standards, results of the 26-plex RT-PCR method were concordant in all 204 (100%) cases of adult AML tested. Results were obtained in less than 24 hours. Because of the multiplex positive control, interpretation of the peaks was very easy, without any ambiguity. The tumor cell detection threshold was 1.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pierre Laforêt
- Laboratory of Hematology and UMR CNR 7276, CHU Dupuytren and Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
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54
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Liu F, Gao L, Jing Y, Xu YY, Ding Y, Zhou MH, Ma C, Li MY, Sun JZ, Wang LL, Yu L. Detection and clinical significance of gene rearrangements in Chinese patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:1521-6. [PMID: 23210573 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.754888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) assay to accurately and effectively detect 10 common gene rearrangements in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics and other genetic aberrations of patients with ALL expressing different fusion genes. Our RT-nPCR assay had a positive detection rate of 35.15% (90/256) for the 10 fusion genes. BCR-ABL1, FUS-ERG, MLL-AF4, ETV6-RUNX1, E2A-PBX1, dupMLL, MLL-AF10, MLL-ENL, SET-NUP214 and SIL-TAL1 were detected in 36 (14.06%), 14 (5.47%), 14 (5.47%), four (1.56%), four (1.56%), five (1.95%), four (1.56%), two (0.78%), two (0.78%) and five patients (1.95%), respectively. The RT-nPCR results were further confirmed by split-out PCR, and cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed corresponding translocations and fusions in 63 and 74 cases, respectively. JAK2 and IKZF1 mutations were commonly detected in patients with BCR-ABL1 ALL, and HOX overexpression was highly correlated with MLL fusions and SET-NUP214. This study demonstrates that RT-nPCR is an effective method for identifying 10 gene rearrangements in adult ALL, and it could potentially be developed for diagnostic use and prognostic studies of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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55
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Gao C, Zhao XX, Li WJ, Cui L, Zhao W, Liu SG, Yue ZX, Jiao Y, Wu MY, Li ZG. Clinical features, early treatment responses, and outcomes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China with or without specific fusion transcripts: a single institutional study of 1,004 patients. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:1022-7. [PMID: 22911440 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with distinct fusion transcripts has unique clinical features. In this study, the incidence, clinical characteristics, early treatment response, and outcomes of 1,004 Chinese pediatric ALLs were analyzed. Patients with TEL-AML1 and E2A-PBX1 fusion genes or other B cell precursor ALLs (BCP-ALL) had favorable clinical features, were sensitive to prednisone, had low minimal residual disease (MRD), and an excellent prognosis, with a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of 84-92%. T-ALL was associated with a high WBC, increased age, more central nervous system involvement, a poor prednisone response, and high MRD, with a 5-year EFS of 68.4 ± 5.2%. Patients with BCR-ABL and MLL rearrangements usually had adverse clinical presentations and treatment responses, and a dismal prognosis, with 5-year EFS of 27.3 and 57.4%, respectively. We also showed that BCR-ABL and MLL rearrangements, the prednisone response, and MRD were independent prognostic factors. Interestingly, the BCH-2003 protocol resulted in a better outcome for E2A-PBX1(+) patients than the CCLG-2008 protocol. Intermediate and late relapses were more common in TEL-AML1(+) patients and other BCP-ALLs compared with other subgroups (P = 0.018). Therefore, this study suggests that a fusion gene-specific chemotherapy regimen and/or targeted therapy should be developed to improve further the cure rate of pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Hematology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 56 Nanlishi Road, Beijing, China
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56
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Dai HP, Xue YQ, Wu L, Pan JL, Gong YL, Wu YF, Zhang J, Wu DP, Chen SN. p210BCR/ABL1 as a secondary change in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4Eo) with inv(16). Int J Hematol 2012; 96:814-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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57
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Hamborg KH, Bentzen HHN, Grubach L, Hokland P, Nyvold CG. A highly sensitive and specific qPCR assay for quantification of the biomarker SOX11 in mantle cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2012; 89:385-94. [PMID: 22827557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2012.01837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is one of the most heterogeneous lymphoid neoplasms with a variable course of disease. Although t(11;14)(q13;q32) is the hallmark of MCL resulting in cyclin D1 (CCND1) overexpression in 90% of patients, this is difficult to validate by immunohistochemistry. We hypothesised that SOX11 could be a robust molecular biomarker for MCL. METHODS We have developed very sensitive and specific RT-qPCR assay employing a poly-A specific RT primer to circumvent contamination from gDNA caused by the intron-less nature of SOX11. RESULTS We found a significant difference between the expression levels of SOX11 in patients with MCL at diagnosis (n = 21) and in healthy donors (n = 18) (blood: P < 0.0001; marrow: P = 0.0001). SOX11 expression of very low levels close to the assay sensitivity was detected in only 2 of 18 healthy donors, while low levels of CCND1 expression was observed in all blood and 12 of 13 marrow samples within the defined detection limit of Cq = 40. In spiking experiments of the GRANTA-519 MCL cell line into mononuclear cells from normal donor, the sensitivity of the SOX11 assay was found to be 2 × 10(-4) , while the sensitivity of the CCND1 assay was estimated to 2 × 10(-3) because of the normal background expression. In longitudinal sampling from patients with MCL the minimal residual disease (MRD) values based on the SOX11 expression mirrored the clinical disease development. CONCLUSION This SOX11 RT-qPCR assay could be a useful tool for MRD monitoring in patients with MCL.
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58
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Wang N, Huang L, Wang D, Wang J, Jiang L, Zhou K, Yang Y, Xu D, Zhou J. Successful engraftment of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in NOD/SCID mice via intrasplenic inoculation. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:1158-64. [PMID: 22892848 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.21345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disorder, and primary drug resistance and relapse are thought to be the main causes for treatment failure in ALL patients. For these refractory or relapsed patients, there is an increasing demand to identify novel therapeutic approaches, which will highly rely on the use of xenotransplantation models in translational research. Given the critical role that the spleen plays in the hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in adult mice, intrasplenic inoculation of ALL cells into immunodeficient mice may represent a feasible route for leukemic xenotransplantation. In the present study, engraftments via intrasplenic inoculation in anti-mCD122 mAb conditioned NOD/SCID mice were achieved in 5 out of 11 cases, and the engrafted cells reconstituted a complete leukemic phenotype. The engrafted cells sustained the self-renewal capacity of leukemia-initiating cells as tested by serial xenotransplantation and can be used for evaluation of antileukemic drugs. These data suggest that the combination of intrasplenic inoculation and the targeted depletion of CD122(+) cells could provide a novel approach for the xenotransplantation of ALL cells in NOD/SCID mice. Furthermore, this model can be used for stem cell research, long-term analysis of engraftment kinetics and in vivo drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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59
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Combination of cytogenetic analysis and molecular screening in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2012; 32:501-510. [PMID: 22886961 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the role of genetic findings in determining the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has become more valuable. To improve and validate the detection of clonal chromosomal aberrations in leukemia, we designed a combined application of karyotyping with multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and addressed the expression and distribution of fusion genes among the subtypes of Chinese adult patients with de novo AML. Multiplex RT-PCR assays were performed on 477 samples from newly diagnosed AML patients, and cytogenetic data were obtained from 373 of them by R or G banding techniques and those in some cases were confirmed by FISH. The PCR products in some suspected cases were tested by two-directional sequencing. The results showed that except unqualified samples, fusion genes were detected by multiplex RT-PCR in 211 of 474 patients (44.51%), including AML1-ETO, CBFβ-MYH11, PML-RARα, PLZF-RARα, NPM-RARα, MLL rearrangements, BCR-ABL, DEK-CAN, SET-CAN, TEL-PDGFR, TLS-ERG, AML1-MDS1 (EVI-1). In 373 patients, who took both multiplex RT-PCR and karyotype analysis, the detection rate of chromosomal aberrations by using multiplex RT-PCR and karyotyping was 160/373 (42.89%) and 179/373 (47.98%) respectively, and the combination could optimize the detection rate of clonal genetic abnormalities to 216/373 (57.90%). The PCR results from 11 cases "normal" in karyotyping but abnormal in RT-PCR for MLL rearrangements were confirmed by two-directional sequencing. It is concluded that karyotype studies remain the cornerstone for genetic testing; conventional cytogenetics and molecular-based methods are complementary tests for the detection of clonal genetic aberrations in AML, especially for the cryptic or submicroscopic aberrations. Once a genetic marker has been identified by combined analysis, it could be used to monitor residual disease during/after chemotherapy, by quantitative RT-PCR and/or FISH.
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60
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Risk-based classification of leukemia by cytogenetic and multiplex molecular methods: results from a multicenter validation study. Blood Cancer J 2012; 2:e78. [PMID: 22852047 PMCID: PMC3408638 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2012.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern management of leukemia and selection of optimal treatment approaches entails the analysis of multiple recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities with independent diagnostic or prognostic value. We report the first multicenter validation of a multiplex molecular assay for 12 relevant fusion transcripts relative to cytogenetic methods. Performance was evaluated using a set of 280 adult and pediatric acute or chronic leukemias representative of the variety of presentations and pre-analytical parameters encountered in the clinical setting. The positive, negative and overall agreements were >98.5% with high concordance at each of the four sites. Positive detection of cases with low blast count or at relapse was consistent with a method sensitivity of 1%. There was 98.7% qualitative agreement with independent reference molecular tests. Apparent false negatives corresponded to rare alternative splicing isoforms not included in the panel. We further demonstrate that clinical sensitivity can be increased by adding those rare variants and other relevant transcripts or submicroscopic abnormalities. We conclude that multiplex RT-PCR followed by liquid bead array detection is a rapid and flexible method attuned to the clinical laboratory workflow, complementing standard cytogenetic methods and generating additional information valuable for the accurate diagnosis, prognosis and subsequent molecular monitoring of leukemia.
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61
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Chen H, Pan J, Yao L, Wu L, Zhu J, Wang W, Liu C, Han Q, Du G, Cen J, Xue Y, Wu D, Sun M, Chen S. Acute promyelocytic leukemia with a STAT5b-RARα fusion transcript defined by array-CGH, FISH, and RT-PCR. Cancer Genet 2012; 205:327-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A patient with acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia who achieved CRi after decitabine treatment. Leuk Res 2012; 36:e168-70. [PMID: 22578775 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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63
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Moorman AV. The clinical relevance of chromosomal and genomic abnormalities in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Blood Rev 2012; 26:123-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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64
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Diagnostic Utility of a Multiplex RT-PCR Assay in Detecting Fusion Transcripts From Recurrent Genetic Abnormalities of Acute Leukemia by WHO 2008 Classification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 21:40-4. [DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e3182319ebe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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65
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Pan J, Xue Y, Chen S, Qiu H, Wu C, Jiang H, Wang Q, Zhang J, Bai S, Wu Y, Wang Y, Shen J. Establishment and characterization of a new human acute myelomonocytic leukemia cell line JIH-3. Leuk Res 2012; 36:889-94. [PMID: 22340903 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, a new acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) cell line, JIH-3, is reported, and its biological characteristics are described. JIH-3 cells were maintained without any cytokines for 27 months. The JIH-3 cell line showed typical myelomonocytic morphological features. Additionally, it mainly expressed myeloid and monocytic markers (CD13, CD14, CD11b, CD15 and CD33), although it also expressed other antigens such as the markers of T and B lymphocytic lineage as well as stem cell, progenitor cell, and natural killer cell-related antigens (CD4, CD5, CD7, CD10, CD22, CD34, CD38, HLADR, CD16/CD56 and CD56); the expression of these markers, suggested that this cell line was in the early stage of myelomonocytic differentiation. Cytogenetic analysis initially showed a karyotype of 46, XY, del(7) (p1?3p2?2). During the passage period, the cells with this karyotype gradually decreased and were replaced by cells with a 45,XY,dic(4;7)(p11;p11),del(15)(q2?2) karyotype. Chromosome painting showed a deletion in the short arm of chromosome 7 for del(7)(p1?3p2?2) and der(4;7)(p11;p11). The latter had larger deleted segment than the former. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the dicentric nature of der(4;7), and Multiplex FISH (M-FISH) confirmed that der(4;7) was an unbalanced translocation. A deletion involving the 7p region on dic(4;7)(p11;p11) harbors many genes, including CDC2L5, C7ORF11, C7ORF10 and INHBA. Haploinsufficiency of the genes on 4p, 7p and 15q caused by deletions of 4p, 7p and 15q2?2 that resulted from dic(4;7)(p11;p11) and del(15)(q2?2) may play important roles in leukemogenesis and in the establishment of the JIH-3 cell line. JIH-3 cells did not express multidrug resistance (MDR)-related genes and apoptosis-related genes such as MDR1, multidrug resistance-related protein, lung resistance protein, BCL-2, Bax, GS-π or Fax, only P21 expression was detected, which probably leads the MDR indirectly through inhibition of the activities of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). JIH-3 cells had tumorigenic capacity in nude mice. In conclusion, JIH-3 is a new acute myelomonocytic leukemia cell line. It is from a well-characterized background and provides a new useful tool for the study of leukemia patients with a 7p deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Suzhou, PR China
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66
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Chen B, Wang YY, Shen Y, Zhang WN, He HY, Zhu YM, Chen HM, Gu CH, Fan X, Chen JM, Cao Q, Yang G, Jiang CL, Weng XQ, Zhang XX, Xiong SM, Shen ZX, Jiang H, Gu LJ, Chen Z, Mi JQ, Chen SJ. Newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China (I): abnormal genetic patterns in 1346 childhood and adult cases and their comparison with the reports from Western countries. Leukemia 2012; 26:1608-16. [PMID: 22382891 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been generally acknowledged that the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of leukemia largely rely on an adequate identification of genetic abnormalities. A systemic analysis of genetic aberrations was performed in a cohort of 1346 patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in China. The pediatric patients had higher incidence of hyperdiploidy and t(12;21) (p13;q22)/ETV6-RUNX1 than adults (P<0.0001); in contrast, the occurrence of Ph and Ik6 variant of IKZF1 gene was much more frequent in adult patients (all P<0.0001). In B-ALL, the existence of Ik6 and that of BCR-ABL were statistically correlated (P<0.0001). In comparison with Western cohorts, the incidence of t(9;22) (q34;q11)/BCR-ABL (14.60%) in B-ALL and HOX11 expression in T-ALL (25.24%) seemed to be much higher in our group, while the incidence of t(12;21) (p13;q22)/ETV6-RUNX1 (15.34%) seemed to be lower in Chinese pediatric patients. The occurrence of hyperdiploidy was much lower either in pediatric (10.61% vs 20-38%) or adult patients (2.36% vs 6.77-12%) in our study than in Western reports. In addition, the frequencies of HOX11L2 in adult patients were much higher in our cohort than in Western countries (20.69% vs 4-11%). In general, it seems that Chinese ALL patients bear more adverse prognostic factors than their Western counterparts do.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China (II): prognosis related to genetic abnormalities in a series of 1091 cases. Leukemia 2012; 26:1507-16. [PMID: 22297722 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The molecular characterization of cytogenetic abnormalities has not only provided insights into the mechanisms of leukemogenesis but also led to the establishment of new treatment strategies targeting these abnormalities and thereby further improve the prognosis of patients. We analyzed the prognosis of 1091 Chinese patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and explored the prognostic impacts of a large number of cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities. It was demonstrated that, in both B- and T-ALL settings, the prognosis was negatively correlated to the age as reported to date. For childhood T-ALL patients, it was also documented that the HOX11 expression represented a favorable prognostic factor as it was in adult ones. We identified CRLF2 overexpression as an intermediate-risk marker and Ik6 variant of IKZF1 gene as a high-risk one when stratifying pediatric B-ALL cases according to cytogenetic/molecular risks. We also found that Ik6 variant and CRLF2 overexpression had an important role in dictating the prognosis of Ph-negative patients, which may be useful markers in guiding the treatment of ALL in the future, with tyrosine kinase inhibitors on the other hand reversing the fate of Ph-positive ALL patients.
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68
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Alonso CN, Gallego MS, Rossi JG, Medina A, Rubio PL, Bernasconi AR, Zubizarreta PA, Felice MS. RT-PCR diagnosis of recurrent rearrangements in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Argentina. Leuk Res 2012; 36:704-8. [PMID: 22226019 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to establish the prevalence of the recurrent fusion transcripts in Argentinean pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 380 newly diagnosed children (including 50 infants and 44 T-ALL) were screened by RT-PCR; the incidence of recurrent rearrangements was: ETV6-RUNX1, 12.9%; TCF3-PBX1, 5.0%; BCR-ABL1, 1.6%; and MLL rearrangements, 10.5%. STIL-TAL1 was detected in 22.7% of T-ALL cases. In B-ALL cases, the pEFS was significantly influenced by the presence of genetic alterations. RT-PCR studies improved patients' stratification and also the overall outcome of children treated in a pediatric hospital from a developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina N Alonso
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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69
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Elia L, Grammatico S, Paoloni F, Vignetti M, Rago A, Cenfra N, Mecarocci S, Mancini M, Luciani M, Di Raimondo F, Cazzaniga G, Matarazzo M, Moleti ML, Santoro L, Gaidano G, Foà R, Mandelli F, Cimino G. Clinical outcome and monitoring of minimal residual disease in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing the MLL/ENL fusion gene. Am J Hematol 2011; 86:993-7. [PMID: 21953510 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 12 MLL/ENL positive ALL patients consecutively diagnosed between 1999 and 2009. The MLL/ENL fusion was identified in 4/150 (2.6%), 8/993 (0.8%), and 0/70 of pediatric, adult, and elderly patients, respectively. Eight patients had a WBC count >50 × 10(9) /L. Ten cases had an evaluable immunophenotyping. A B or T precursor ALL occurred in 7 and 3 patients, respectively. Eleven/12 patients (92%) achieved CR. At 48 months, overall survival and event-free survival rates were 73.3% and 67%, respectively. At CR, a parallel RT-PCR evaluation of the MLL/ENL expression was available in 5 cases. Of these latter, 2 tested MLL/ENL-negative and 3 positive. The minimal residual disease molecular monitoring showed that MLL/ENL status did not correlate with outcome. In fact, all the 2 PCR-negative and 1 of the 3 PCR-positive cases relapsed. Further, a MLL/ENL expression, not preceding a relapse, was detected several times during the follow-up of five long-survivors. In conclusion, also in adults, the MLL/ENL fusion identifies a rare leukemic entity with a favorable prognosis. The observed inconsistency between the clinical cure and the presence of detectable MLL/ENL transcript suggests the existence of a MLL/ENL-expressing "preleukemia" stem cells, similar to what demonstrated for the AML1/ETO-positive leukemia setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Elia
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Via Benevento 6, Rome, Italy
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70
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Min X, Na Z, Yanan L, Chunrui L. De novo acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with p210 BCR/ABL and t(1;16) translocation but not t(9;22) Ph chromosome. J Hematol Oncol 2011; 4:45. [PMID: 22075327 PMCID: PMC3228666 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-4-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in which majority of the blasts are megakaryoblastic. De novo AMKL in adulthood is rare, and carries very poor prognosis. We here report a 45-year-old woman with de novo AMKL with BCR/ABL rearrangement and der(16)t(1;16)(q21;q23) translocation but negative for t(9;22) Ph chromosome. Upon induction chemotherapy consisting of homoharringtonine, cytarabine and daunorubicin, the patient achieved partial hematological remission. The patient was then switched to imatinib plus one cycle of CAG regimen (low-dose cytarabine and aclarubicin in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), and achieved complete remission (CR). The disease recurred after 40 days and the patient eventually died of infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of de novo AMKL with p210 BCR/ABL and der(16)t(1;16)(q21;q23) translocation but not t(9;22) Ph chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Min
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
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71
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Choi HJ, Kim HR, Shin MG, Kook H, Kim HJ, Shin JH, Suh SP, Ryang DW. Spectra of chromosomal aberrations in 325 leukemia patients and implications for the development of new molecular detection systems. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:886-92. [PMID: 21738341 PMCID: PMC3124718 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities in 325 leukemia patients and developed optimal profiles of leukemic fusion genes for multiplex RT-PCR. We prospectively analyzed blood and bone marrow specimens of patients with acute leukemia. Twenty types of chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 42% from all patients by commercially available multiplex RT-PCR for detecting 28 fusion genes and in 35% by cytogenetic analysis including FISH analysis. The most common cytogenetic aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia patients was PML/PARA, followed by AML1/MGT8 and MLL1, and in acute lymphoid leukemia patients was BCR/ABL, followed by TEL/AML1 and MLL1 gene rearrangement. Among the negative results for multiplex RT-PCR, clinically significant t(3;3)(q21;q26.2), t(8;14)(q24;q32) and i(17)(q10) were detected by conventional cytogenetics. The spectrum and frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in our leukemia patients are differed from previous studies, and may offer optimal profiles of leukemic fusion genes for the development of new molecular detection systems.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia/diagnosis
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Center for Biomedical Human Resources at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hoon Kook
- Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Soon-Pal Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Ryang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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72
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Li WJ, Cui L, Gao C, Zhao XX, Liu SG, Xing YP, Zhang RD, Zhang DW, Wang B, Li ZG, Wu MY. MRD analysis and treatment outcome in three children with SET-NUP214-positive hematological malignancies. Int J Lab Hematol 2011; 33:e25-7. [PMID: 21679311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2011.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Child
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Hematologic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/therapy
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods
- Histone Chaperones/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute/therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Remission Induction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Treatment Outcome
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73
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Identification of T-lymphocytic leukemia-initiating stem cells residing in a small subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemic disease. Blood 2011; 117:7112-20. [PMID: 21562049 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-01-329078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) into immunodeficient mice has been critical for understanding leukemogenesis in vivo and defining self-renewing leukemia-initiating cell subfractions (LICs). Although AML-engraftment capacity is considered an inherent property of LICs, substrains of NOD/SCID mice that possess additional deletions such as the IL2Rγc(null) (NSG) have been described as a more sensitive recipient to assay human LIC function. Using 23 AML-patient samples, 39% demonstrated no detectable engraftment in NOD/SCID and were categorized as AMLs devoid of LICs. However, 33% of AML patients lacking AML-LICs were capable of engrafting NSG recipients, but produced a monoclonal T-cell proliferative disorder similar to T-ALL. These grafts demonstrated self-renewal capacity as measured by in vivo serial passage and were restricted to CD34-positive fraction, and were defined as LICs. Molecular analysis for translocations in MLL genes indicated that these AML patient-derived LICs all expressed the MLL-AFX1 fusion product. Our results reveal that the in vivo human versus xenograft host microenvironment dictates the developmental capacity of human LICs residing in a small subset of patients diagnosed with AML harboring MLL mutations. These findings have implications both for the basic biology of CSC function, and for the use of in vivo models of the leukemogenic process in preclinical or diagnostic studies.
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74
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Acute myeloid leukemia with the t(8;21) translocation: clinical consequences and biological implications. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:104631. [PMID: 21629739 PMCID: PMC3100545 DOI: 10.1155/2011/104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(8;21) abnormality occurs in a minority of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The translocation results in an in-frame fusion of two genes, resulting in a fusion protein of one N-terminal domain from the AML1 gene and four C-terminal domains from the ETO gene. This protein has multiple effects on the regulation of the proliferation, the differentiation, and the viability of leukemic cells. The translocation can be detected as the only genetic abnormality or as part of more complex abnormalities. If t(8;21) is detected in a patient with bone marrow pathology, the diagnosis AML can be made based on this abnormality alone. t(8;21) is usually associated with a good prognosis. Whether the detection of the fusion gene can be used for evaluation of minimal residual disease and risk of leukemia relapse remains to be clarified. To conclude, detection of t(8;21) is essential for optimal handling of these patients as it has both diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.
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75
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Sohn SK, Oh SJ, Kim BS, Ryoo HM, Chung JS, Joo YD, Bang SM, Jung CW, Kim DH, Yoon SS, Kim H, Lee HG, Won JH, Min YH, Cheong JW, Park JS, Eom KS, Hyun MS, Kim MK, Kim H, Park MR, Park J, Kim CS, Kim HJ, Kim YK, Park EK, Zang DY, Jo DY, Moon JH, Park SY. Trough plasma imatinib levels are correlated with optimal cytogenetic responses at 6 months after treatment with standard dose of imatinib in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1024-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.563885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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76
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Li Z, Yang R, Zhao J, Yuan R, Lu Q, Li Q, Tse W. Molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy of a pediatric chronic eosinophilic leukemia patient carrying TPM3-PDGFRB fusion. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 56:463-6. [PMID: 21072821 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare pediatric chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) case of an 8-year-old male whose leukemic cells carried t(1; 5)(q21; q33) chromosomal abnormality. Sequencing analysis confirmed a TPM3-PDGFRB fusion, and the breakpoint was the same as adult patient. Targeted therapy with imatinib induced a rapid hematologic response and reduction of TPM3-PDGFRB transcripts as monitored by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). We then established an RT-qPCR assay applicable to detection of all possible PDGFRB fusions and also validated this assay in the patient. These data should provide a valuable reference for management of pediatric CEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Biology and Tumor Cell Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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77
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A case of acute erythroleukemia evolved from myelodysplastic syndrome with acquisition of Ph chromosome and review of the literature. Leuk Res 2011; 35:837-9. [PMID: 21329980 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Zhang Y, Wu D, Sun A, Qiu H, He G, Jin Z, Tang X, Miao M, Fu Z, Han Y. Clinical characteristics, biological profile, and outcome of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a case series. Acta Haematol 2011; 125:210-8. [PMID: 21266800 DOI: 10.1159/000322594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is a rare type of acute leukemia that presents with a high degree of heterogeneity and is not well defined. METHODS We identified 51 cases (3%) of BAL from 1,693 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients according to the EGIL scoring system. The immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, treatment, and outcome of 39 BAL patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS There were 23 (59%) cases of the myeloid and B-lymphoid phenotype, 14 (36%) cases of the myeloid and T-lymphoid phenotype, and 1 case (3%) of the trilineage phenotype or B/T phenotype. Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 76% of the 37 validated patients and displayed a high degree of heterogeneity. Combined regimens for both acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), as well as ALL type regimens, appeared to achieve a better complete remission rate than AML type regimens (71 and 64 vs. 33%, respectively). BAL patients with complex karyotypes or a rearrangement of chromosome 11 had a significantly reduced survival rate in comparison to patients with normal, t(8; 21), or t(9; 22) karyotypes. The probability of overall survival and disease-free survival at 2 years was 26 and 18%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that BAL shows a high incidence of abnormal karyotypes and a poor prognosis. Combined-type regimens or ALL-based protocols are effective for the treatment of BAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, PR China
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79
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Siddiqui R, Nancy N, Naing WP, Ali S, Dar L, Khan BK, Padua RA, Carr R. Distribution of common genetic subgroups in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in four developing countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 200:149-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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80
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Valencia A, Cervera J, Such E, Ibañez M, Barragán E, Fuster O, Bolufer P, Moscardó F, Sanz MA. A new reliable fluorescence in situ hybridization method for identifying multiple specific cytogenetic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:680-5. [PMID: 20233056 DOI: 10.3109/10428191003682775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The usefulness of the new Chromoprobe Multiprobe AML Panel was evaluated in 80 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in parallel with conventional cytogenetics. We observed a high concordance using both methods, but the panel was very useful in the detection of an inv(16)(p13q22), a cryptic t(15;17)(q22;q21), and a cryptic deletion of the CBFbeta allele not detected with cytogenetics. Moreover, in six of nine patients (67%) without metaphases or with non-evaluable chromosomes, the panel identified three MLL rearrangements, two monosomy 7, one of them also with del(5q), and one inv(16)(p13q22). Our results indicate that the multiprobe panel can be used as a complementary technique for detection of the most important chromosomal abnormalities in AML using small quantities of sample in only one hybridization experiment. It is also capable of reallocating cases without metaphases or with non-evaluable chromosomes in the appropriate cytogenetic risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valencia
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46009 Valencia, Spain
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81
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Daniel-Cravioto A, Gonzalez-Bonilla CR, Mejia-Arangure JM, Perez-Saldivar ML, Fajardo-Gutierrez A, Jimenez-Hernandez E, Hernandez-Serrano M, Bekker-Mendez VC. Genetic rearrangement MLL/AF4 is most frequent in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemias in Mexico City. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 50:1352-60. [PMID: 19579075 DOI: 10.1080/10428190903015636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the highest incidences of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the world has been reported in Mexico City. In the current study (26 cases), the frequencies of the most frequent genetic rearrangements TEL-AML1, MLL/AF4, BCR-ABL (major and minor) in ALL in children from Mexico City were determined. For the ALL, the frequency of MLL/AF4 was 65.4%, for TEL-AML1 and that of BCR/ABL was 3.8%. Only 6 of the 17 children with the MLL/AF4 rearrangement were less than 26 months old. The frequency reported for MLL/AF4 in Mexican children with ALL is one of the highest worldwide. These findings could potentially explain the higher frequency of ALL with poor prognosis for children in Mexico City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra Daniel-Cravioto
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Infectología e Inmunología, Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Infectología Daniel Mendez Hernandez del Centro Medico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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82
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He G, Wu D, Zhang X, Li Y, Xin C, Zhang R. Acute T cells lymphoblastic leukemia associated with t(1;19)(q23;p13)/E2A-PBX1 in an adult. Leuk Res 2010; 34:e15-6. [PMID: 19695702 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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83
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Gulley ML, Shea TC, Fedoriw Y. Genetic tests to evaluate prognosis and predict therapeutic response in acute myeloid leukemia. J Mol Diagn 2009; 12:3-16. [PMID: 19959801 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.090054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of patients with acute myeloid leukemia relies on genetic tests that inform diagnosis and prognosis, predict response to therapy, and measure minimal residual disease. The value of genetics is reinforced in the revised 2008 World Health Organization acute myeloid leukemia classification scheme. The various analytic procedures-karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and microarray technology-each have advantages in certain clinical settings, and understanding their relative merits assists in specimen allocation and in effective utilization of health care resources. Karyotype and array technology represent genome-wide screens, whereas the other methods target specific prognostic features such as t(15;17) PML-RARA, t(8;21) RUNX1-RUNX1T1, inv(16) CBFB-MYH11, 11q23 MLL rearrangement, FLT3 internal tandem duplication, or NPM1 mutation. New biomarkers and pharmacogenetic tests are emerging. The pathologist's expertise is critical in 1) consulting with clinicians about test selection as well as specimen collection and handling; 2) allocating tissue for immediate testing and preserving the remaining specimen for any downstream testing that is indicated once morphology and other pertinent test results are known; 3) performing tests that maximize outcome based on the strengths and limitations of each assay in each available specimen type; and 4) interpreting and conveying results to the rest of the health care team in a format that facilitates clinical management. Acute myeloid leukemia leads the way for modern molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Gulley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 913 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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84
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Karyotyping, FISH, and PCR in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: competing or complementary diagnostics? J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2009; 31:930-5. [PMID: 19875970 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3181bc9c85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal abnormalities, such as t(9;22)(q34;q11) (ABL/BCR), t(12;21)(p13;q22) (TEL/AML1), and t(11q23) (MLL) are independent prognostic indicators in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia resulting in risk adapted therapy. Accurate and rapid detection of these abnormalities is mandatory, which is achieved by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). For cost-effective diagnostic approaches knowledge of diagnostic accuracy of these tests is required. Therefore, we aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and RQ-PCR analysis. PROCEDURE Retrospective study conducted between January 1, 1992 and January 1, 2007 in the Emma Children Hospital in Amsterdam. All consecutive patients under 18 years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were included. Diagnostic tests were performed according to international standards. RESULTS Diagnostic techniques show a high-reciprocal agreement and have a high-individual diagnostic accuracy in detecting the above-mentioned chromosomal translocations. However, the sensitivity of karyotyping for detecting the TEL-AML1 fusion gene and the sensitivity of RQ-PCR for detecting MLL-rearrangements was rather low. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic accuracy of tests for detecting t(9;22), t(12;21), and t(11q23) is generally high, although sensitivity is not optimal for all anomalies. Despite the high-diagnostic accuracy, all diagnostic techniques should be used complementary, because any detection of a (significant) chromosomal aberration irrespective of diagnostic mode has to be considered in therapy.
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85
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Kobayashi S, Obata M, Hagihara M, Motohashi K, Ito S, Ohshima R, Sakai R, Maruta A, Kanamori H. The presence of mature granulocytes/monocytes derived from leukemic cells in MLL-associated leukemia. Int J Hematol 2009; 90:591-596. [PMID: 19936877 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-009-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We observed the mature granulocytes/monocytes derived from leukemic cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia who present mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL). Morphologic observation and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) for chromosome 11q23 abnormality were studied, and a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was done to identify the fusion partners with MLL. The bone marrow cells with FISH signals of MLL showed the cell differentiation of the myeloid and/or monocytic lineages in 4 of 6 AML patients. MLL partner genes were AF6, AF9, ELL, and ENL, respectively. There was no correlation between the fusion partner and the appearance of mature cells derived from MLL clones. RT-PCR showed the fusion between MLL exon 9 or 10 and the partner genes in mature granulocytes/monocytes. These findings suggest that subgroup of leukemia cells with MLL rearrangement has the differentiation potential of leukemic cells and mature granulocytes/monocytes derived from MLL clones may be biologically different from normal mature cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Kobayashi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Obata
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maki Hagihara
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-0815, Japan
| | - Kenji Motohashi
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-0815, Japan
| | - Satomi Ito
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-0815, Japan
| | - Rika Ohshima
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-0815, Japan
| | - Rika Sakai
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-0815, Japan
| | - Atsuo Maruta
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-0815, Japan
| | - Heiwa Kanamori
- Department of Hematology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, 241-0815, Japan.
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86
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Strikingly different molecular relapse kinetics in NPM1c, PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and CBFB-MYH11 acute myeloid leukemias. Blood 2009; 115:198-205. [PMID: 19901261 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-04-212530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early relapse detection in acute myeloid leukemia is possible using standardized real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) protocols. However, optimal sampling intervals have not been defined and are likely to vary according to the underlying molecular lesion. In 74 patients experiencing hematologic relapse and harboring aberrations amenable to RQ-PCR (mutated NPM1 [designated NPM1c], PML-RARA, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and CBFB-MYH11), we observed strikingly different relapse kinetics. The median doubling time of the CBFB-MYH11 leukemic clone was significantly longer (36 days) than that of clones harboring other markers (RUNX1-RUNX1T1, 14 days; PML-RARA, 12 days; and NPM1c, 11 days; P < .001). Furthermore, we used a mathematical model to determine frequency of relapse detection and median time from detection of minimal residual disease to hematologic relapse as a function of sampling interval length. For example, to obtain a relapse detection fraction of 90% and a median time of 60 days, blood sampling every sixth month should be performed for CBFB-MYH11 leukemias. By contrast, in NPM1c(+)/FLT3-ITD(-), NPM1c(+)/FLT3-ITD(+), RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and PML-RARA leukemias, bone marrow sampling is necessary every sixth, fourth, and fourth and second month, respectively. These data carry important implications for the development of optimal RQ-PCR monitoring schedules suitable for evaluation of minimal residual disease-directed therapies in future clinical trials.
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87
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Nasedkina TV, Guseva NA, Gra OA, Mityaeva ON, Chudinov AV, Zasedatelev AS. Diagnostic microarrays in hematologic oncology: applications of high- and low-density arrays. Mol Diagn Ther 2009; 13:91-102. [PMID: 19537844 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays have become important tools for high-throughput analysis of gene expression, chromosome aberrations, and gene mutations in cancer cells. In addition to high-density experimental microarrays, low-density, gel-based biochip technology represents a versatile platform for translation of research into clinical practice. Gel-based microarrays (biochips) consist of nanoliter gel drops on a hydrophobic surface with different immobilized biopolymers (primarily nucleic acids and proteins). Because of the high immobilization capacity of the gel, such biochips have a high probe concentration and high levels of fluorescence signals after hybridization, which allow the use of simple, portable detection systems. The notable accuracy of the analysis is reached as a result of the high level of discrimination between positive and negative gel-bound probes. Different applications of biochips in the field of hematologic oncology include analysis of chromosomal translocations in leukemias, diagnostics of T-cell lymphomas, and pharmacogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Nasedkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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88
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Han Y, Xue Y, Zhang J, Pan J, Wu Y, Bai S. Y-chromosome loss as the sole karyotypic anomaly with 3′RARα submicroscopic deletion in a case of M3r subtype of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1433-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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89
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Mitterbauer M, Mitterbauer-Hohendanner G, Sperr WR, Kalhs P, Greinix HT, Fonatsch C, Haas OA, Jäger U, Mannhalter C, Lechner K. Molecular Disease Eradication is a Prerequisite for Long-term Remission in Patients with t(8;21) Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: a Single Center Study. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:971-7. [PMID: 15291357 DOI: 10.1080/10428190310001638913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Association of long-term clinical remission and molecular disease-eradication is well established in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with t(15;17) and inv(16). In patients with t(8;21) positive AML no consensus exists over the disappearance of the AML1/ETO fusion transcript during the course of disease and most studies reported reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity as a common finding after consolidation chemotherapy, autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). In our single center study, we performed RT-PCR monitoring in 14 patients with t(8;21) in CR1 (n = 13) and/or CR2 (n = 4). The median number of bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) samples per patient was 18 (range, 2-43). In 5 out of 6 cases relapse occurred after persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD) in CR for 4-14 months. The sixth patient relapsed despite molecular remission (MR) in BM and PB for 3 months, molecular relapse preceded hematological relapse for 7 months. Eleven patients with a median follow-up of 7.8 (range, 1.5-15.4) years are in persistent CR and MR after consolidation chemotherapy (n = 7). mainly with repetitive cycles of high-dose Ara-C, autologous (n = 1) or myeloablative allogeneic (n = 3) stem cell transplantation. Molecular remission was attained immediately after alloSCT, but after 6-26 months in CR in patients with consolidation chemotherapy. In 7 patients, MRD was only studied in long-term remission. In conclusion, long-term CR was associated with persistent molecular disease-eradication. In our patients, molecular remission was a prerequisite but not a guarantee for long-term disease-free survival. Hematological relapse never occurred without prior molecular relapse. Due to the slow kinetics of AML1/ETO after consolidation chemotherapy the value of qualitative RT-PCR to predict early relapse is limited. In this situation quantitative RT-PCR might help to define individual relapse risk and to improve as well as facilitate clinical decision-making.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis
- Neoplasm, Residual/mortality
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Recurrence
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Mitterbauer
- Department of Medicine I, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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90
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Nyvold CG, Bendix K, Brandsborg M, Pulczynski S, Silkjaer T, Hokland P. Multiplex PCR for the detection of BCL-1/IGH and BCL-2/IGH gene rearrangements--clinical validation in a prospective study of blood and bone marrow in 258 patients with or suspected of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Acta Oncol 2009; 46:21-30. [PMID: 17438702 DOI: 10.1080/02841860600681551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have designed a multiplex PCR, which allows for fast and high throughput demonstration of the BCL-1/IGH and BCL-2/IGH fusion DNA observed primarily in mantle cell- and follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Blood (PB) and/or bone marrow (BM) from 258 patients suspected of NHL have prospectively been evaluated. Eleven patients (4%) were found t(11;14)+ and 37 patients (14%) t(14;18)+. Comparing these results to standard diagnostic methods of PB and/or BM identified PCR+ samples that were normal by morphology (BCL-1/IGH: 1/11; BCL-2/IGH: 17/37). Equally important, patients who were not clonal in PB and/or BM by flow cytometry were identified as PCR+ (BCL-1/IGH: 3/11; BCL-2/IGH: 23/37). We conclude that this multiplex approach allows for easy and sensitive molecular determination of molecular lesions in NHL, which have diagnostic and prognostic importance.
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91
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Jo A, Tsukimoto I, Ishii E, Asou N, Mitani S, Shimada A, Igarashi T, Hayashi Y, Ichikawa H. Age-associated difference in gene expression of paediatric acute myelomonocytic lineage leukaemia (FAB M4 and M5 subtypes) and its correlation with prognosis. Br J Haematol 2009; 144:917-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07531.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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92
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Polymerase Chain Reaction and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY LIBRARY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89626-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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93
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Park TS, Choi JR, Yoon SH, Song J, Kim J, Kim SJ, Kwon O, Min YH. Acute promyelocytic leukemia relapsing as secondary acute myelogenous leukemia with translocation t(3;21)(q26;q22) and RUNX1–MDS1–EVI1 fusion transcript. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 187:61-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Aoki T, Miyamoto T, Yoshida S, Yamamoto A, Yamauchi T, Yoshimoto G, Mori Y, Kamezaki K, Iwasaki H, Takenaka K, Harada N, Nagafuji K, Teshima T, Akashi K. Additional acquisition of t(1;21)(p32;q22) in a patient relapsing with acute myelogenous leukemia with NUP98-HOXA9. Int J Hematol 2008; 88:571-574. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-008-0198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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95
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Pihan G. Detection of gene fusions in acute leukemia using bead microarrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 13:Unit13.7. [PMID: 18770837 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy1307s35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This unit describes a method for the rapid and simultaneous detection of hybrid mRNAs (hRNA; also known as gene fusions, RNA fusions, or chimeric RNA), resulting from recurrent chromosome translocations or inversions in acute leukemia. The principal components of the assay are a multiplex RT-PCR, which simultaneously amplifies any of a number of possible hRNA targets, and a liquid bead microarray (LBMA), which is capable of unambiguously identifying the amplified hRNA. The entire procedure from RNA extraction to display of results can be broken into four steps: (1) conjugated-microsphere and LBMA manufacture and quality control, (2) cDNA synthesis, (3) multiplex PCR, and (4) hybridization of multiplex PCR products to the hRNA-detecting LBMA and assay read-out on a flow cytometer. The assay is designed to detect the most common risk-stratifying translocation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, satisfying the demand for inclusion of genetic data in the diagnosis of acute leukemia as predicated by the current WHO classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Pihan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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96
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Qiu H, Xue Y, Zhang J, Pan J, Dai H, Wu Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Wu D. Establishment and characterization of a new human acute myelocytic leukemia cell line SH-2 with a loss of Y chromosome, a derivative chromosome 16 resulting from an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 16 and 17, monosomy 17, trisomy 19, and p53 alteration. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1487-95. [PMID: 18715689 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report here a new acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cell line SH-2 and describe its biological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mononuclear cells isolated from a patient with AML-M2 subtype were passaged by liquid culture medium. Interleukin-3 and bone marrow stromal cells were used to support cell proliferation at the first 3 months. Various methods, including cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex FISH (M-FISH), reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), multiplex RT-PCR, short tandem repeat (STR)-PCR, direct sequencing of DNA, clonogenic assay, and tumorigenicity in nude and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice were employed to identify and characterize SH-2 cell line. RESULTS SH-2 cells were maintained without cytokine and stromal cells for 3 years. It had no Epstein-Barr virus or mycoplasma contamination. The SH-2 cell line showed typical myelocytic features in morphology and simultaneous strongly expressed myeloid antigens (CD13, 99.6% and CD33, 99.26%) and natural killer (NK)-related antigens (CD56, 99.5% and CD16/56, 99.62%) suggesting that SH-2 is an AML cell line with NK-antigen expression. SH-2 cell line initially showed a karyotype of 45, X, -Y, der(16)t(16;17)(q24;q12), -17, +19. During the passage period, the cells with a hypodiploid karyotype gradually decreased and were replaced by the near-tetraploid cells with a karyotype of 71-105(86), XX, -Y, -Y, der(16)t(16;17)x2, -17, -17, +19, +19. FISH and M-FISH delineated all abnormalities. SH-2 cells had the approximately same morphological, immunophenotypical, and cytogenetic features as the patient's leukemia cells had. STR-PCR provided powerful evidence for the derivation of SH-2 cell line from the patient's leukemia cells. SH-2 cells showed multiple drug resistance (MDR), which may be related to the p53 gene alteration, including the loss of one p53 allele due to the monosomy 17 and a point mutation of CAG to CAT at codon 576 of exon 5 in another p53 allele resulting in the loss of p53 gene function. In addition, SH-2 cell line did not express MDR-related genes, such as MDR1, multidrug resistance-related protein, and lung resistance protein, but expressed apoptosis-related genes, such as Bcl-2, Fas, glutathione S-transferase-pi, and p21, which were also related to the MDR. SH-2 cell line had tumorigenic capacities in nude and SCID mice. CONCLUSION Because SH-2 cell line had a clear biology background, it will provide a useful tool for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment strategy of AML with MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Suzhou, P. R. China
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97
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Rowe D, Cotterill SJ, Ross FM, Bunyan DJ, Vickers SJ, Bryon J, McMullan DJ, Griffiths MJ, Reilly JT, Vandenberghe EA, Wilson G, Watmore AE, Bown NP. Cytogenetically cryptic AML1-ETO and CBFβ-MYH11 gene rearrangements: incidence in 412 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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98
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PAKAKASAMA S, KAJANACHUMPOL S, KANJANAPONGKUL S, SIRACHAINAN N, MEEKAEWKUNCHORN A, NINGSANOND V, HONGENG S. Simple multiplex RT-PCR for identifying common fusion transcripts in childhood acute leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2008; 30:286-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2007.00954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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99
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Transcriptional repression of the RUNX3/AML2 gene by the t(8;21) and inv(16) fusion proteins in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2008; 112:3391-402. [PMID: 18663147 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-02-137083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX3/AML2 is a Runt domain transcription factor like RUNX1/AML1 and RUNX2/AML3. Regulated by 2 promoters P1 and P2, RUNX3 is frequently inactivated by P2 methylation in solid tumors. Growing evidence has suggested a role of this transcription factor in hematopoiesis. However, genetic alterations have not been reported in blood cancers. In this study on 73 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (44 children and 29 adults), we first showed that high RUNX3 expression among childhood AML was associated with a shortened event-free survival, and RUNX3 was significantly underexpressed in the prognostically favorable subgroup of AML with the t(8;21) and inv(16) translocations. We further demonstrated that this RUNX3 repression was mediated not by P2 methylation, but RUNX1-ETO and CBFbeta-MYH11, the fusion products of t(8;21) and inv(16), via a novel transcriptional mechanism that acts directly or indirectly in collaboration with RUNX1, on 2 conserved RUNX binding sites in the P1 promoter. In in vitro studies, ectopically expressed RUNX1-ETO and CBFbeta-MYH11 also inhibited endogenous RUNX3 expression. Taken together, RUNX3 was the first transcriptional target found to be commonly repressed by the t(8;21) and inv(16) fusion proteins and might have an important role in core-binding factor AML.
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100
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Alonso CN, Longo PLR, Gallego MS, Medina A, Felice MS. A novel AF9 breakpoint in MLL-AF9-positive acute monoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:869-71. [PMID: 18000862 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
MLL-AF9 is the most frequent MLL rearrangement in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and it may be also found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) of patients younger than 1-year-old (infants). We report a novel AF9 breakpoint site, located between previously reported sites A and B, detected in an infant who was diagnosed with AML-FAB M5. The occurrence of this new breakpoint should be considered when designing RT-PCR assays for the screening of MLL abnormalities. The precise characterization of the MLL-AF9 transcript is important to carry out the minimal residual disease analysis during the follow-up of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina N Alonso
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hospital de Pediatría SAMIC "Prof. Dr. J. P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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