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Manié E, Popova T, Battistella A, Tarabeux J, Caux-Moncoutier V, Golmard L, Smith NK, Mueller CR, Mariani O, Sigal-Zafrani B, Dubois T, Vincent-Salomon A, Houdayer C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Stern MH. Genomic hallmarks of homologous recombination deficiency in invasive breast carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:891-900. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Manié
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Aude Battistella
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Julien Tarabeux
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | | | - Lisa Golmard
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Nicholas K. Smith
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Christopher R. Mueller
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston; Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Odette Mariani
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- Centre De Ressources Biologiques; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | | | - Thierry Dubois
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Recherche Translationnelle; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | | | - Claude Houdayer
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
- Département De Biologie Des Tumeurs; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité; University Paris-Descartes; Paris F-75270 France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Centre De Recherche; Institut Curie; Paris F-75248 France
- INSERM U830; Paris F-75248 France
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Somyajit K, Saxena S, Babu S, Mishra A, Nagaraju G. Mammalian RAD51 paralogs protect nascent DNA at stalled forks and mediate replication restart. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9835-55. [PMID: 26354865 PMCID: PMC4787763 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian RAD51 paralogs are implicated in the repair of collapsed replication forks by homologous recombination. However, their physiological roles in replication fork maintenance prior to fork collapse remain obscure. Here, we report on the role of RAD51 paralogs in short-term replicative stress devoid of DSBs. We show that RAD51 paralogs localize to nascent DNA and common fragile sites upon replication fork stalling. Strikingly, RAD51 paralogs deficient cells exhibit elevated levels of 53BP1 nuclear bodies and increased DSB formation, the latter being attributed to extensive degradation of nascent DNA at stalled forks. RAD51C and XRCC3 promote the restart of stalled replication in an ATP hydrolysis dependent manner by disengaging RAD51 and other RAD51 paralogs from the halted forks. Notably, we find that Fanconi anemia (FA)-like disorder and breast and ovarian cancer patient derived mutations of RAD51C fails to protect replication fork, exhibit under-replicated genomic regions and elevated micro-nucleation. Taken together, RAD51 paralogs prevent degradation of stalled forks and promote the restart of halted replication to avoid replication fork collapse, thereby maintaining genomic integrity and suppressing tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Somyajit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sneha Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Sharath Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Anup Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Ganesh Nagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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53
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Taylor MRG, Špírek M, Chaurasiya KR, Ward JD, Carzaniga R, Yu X, Egelman EH, Collinson LM, Rueda D, Krejci L, Boulton SJ. Rad51 Paralogs Remodel Pre-synaptic Rad51 Filaments to Stimulate Homologous Recombination. Cell 2015; 162:271-286. [PMID: 26186187 PMCID: PMC4518479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Repair of DNA double strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR) is initiated by Rad51 filament nucleation on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), which catalyzes strand exchange with homologous duplex DNA. BRCA2 and the Rad51 paralogs are tumor suppressors and critical mediators of Rad51. To gain insight into Rad51 paralog function, we investigated a heterodimeric Rad51 paralog complex, RFS-1/RIP-1, and uncovered the molecular basis by which Rad51 paralogs promote HR. Unlike BRCA2, which nucleates RAD-51-ssDNA filaments, RFS-1/RIP-1 binds and remodels pre-synaptic filaments to a stabilized, "open," and flexible conformation, in which the ssDNA is more accessible to nuclease digestion and RAD-51 dissociation rate is reduced. Walker box mutations in RFS-1, which abolish filament remodeling, fail to stimulate RAD-51 strand exchange activity, demonstrating that remodeling is essential for RFS-1/RIP-1 function. We propose that Rad51 paralogs stimulate HR by remodeling the Rad51 filament, priming it for strand exchange with the template duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R G Taylor
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Mário Špírek
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kathy R Chaurasiya
- Section of Virology, Single Molecule Imaging Group and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jordan D Ward
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK; UCSF-Mission Bay, Genentech Hall S574, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Raffaella Carzaniga
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Xiong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Lucy M Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - David Rueda
- Section of Virology, Single Molecule Imaging Group and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lumir Krejci
- Department of Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK.
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54
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Janatova M, Soukupova J, Stribrna J, Kleiblova P, Vocka M, Boudova P, Kleibl Z, Pohlreich P. Mutation Analysis of the RAD51C and RAD51D Genes in High-Risk Ovarian Cancer Patients and Families from the Czech Republic. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127711. [PMID: 26057125 PMCID: PMC4461297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have conferred that the RAD51C and RAD51D genes, which code for the essential proteins involved in homologous recombination, are ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility genes that may explain genetic risks in high-risk patients. We performed a mutation analysis in 171 high-risk BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative OC patients, to evaluate the frequency of hereditary RAD51C and RAD51D variants in Czech population. The analysis involved direct sequencing, high resolution melting and multiple ligation-dependent probe analysis. We identified two (1.2%) and three (1.8%) inactivating germline mutations in both respective genes, two of which (c.379_380insG, p.P127Rfs*28 in RAD51C and c.879delG, p.C294Vfs*16 in RAD51D) were novel. Interestingly, an indicative family cancer history was not present in four carriers. Moreover, the ages at the OC diagnoses in identified mutation carriers were substantially lower than those reported in previous studies (four carriers were younger than 45 years). Further, we also described rare missense variants, two in RAD51C and one in RAD51D whose clinical significance needs to be verified. Truncating mutations and rare missense variants ascertained in OC patients were not detected in 1226 control samples. Although the cumulative frequency of RAD51C and RAD51D truncating mutations in our patients was lower than that of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, it may explain OC susceptibility in approximately 3% of high-risk OC patients. Therefore, an RAD51C and RAD51D analysis should be implemented into the comprehensive multi-gene testing for high-risk OC patients, including early-onset OC patients without a family cancer history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Stribrna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Boudova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pohlreich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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55
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Prakash R, Zhang Y, Feng W, Jasin M. Homologous recombination and human health: the roles of BRCA1, BRCA2, and associated proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:a016600. [PMID: 25833843 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a major pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells, the defining step of which is homologous strand exchange directed by the RAD51 protein. The physiological importance of HR is underscored by the observation of genomic instability in HR-deficient cells and, importantly, the association of cancer predisposition and developmental defects with mutations in HR genes. The tumor suppressors BRCA1 and BRCA2, key players at different stages of HR, are frequently mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers. Other HR proteins, including PALB2 and RAD51 paralogs, have also been identified as tumor suppressors. This review summarizes recent findings on BRCA1, BRCA2, and associated proteins involved in human disease with an emphasis on their molecular roles and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Prakash
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Yu Zhang
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Weiran Feng
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065 Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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56
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Pelttari LM, Kiiski JI, Ranta S, Vilske S, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H. RAD51, XRCC3, and XRCC2 mutation screening in Finnish breast cancer families. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:92. [PMID: 25918678 PMCID: PMC4404470 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Majority of the known breast cancer susceptibility genes have a role in DNA repair and the most important high-risk genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are specifically involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) of DNA double-strand breaks. A central player in HRR is RAD51 that binds DNA at the damage site. The RAD51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3 facilitate the binding of RAD51 to DNA. While germline mutations in RAD51C and RAD51D are associated with high ovarian cancer risk and RAD51B polymorphisms with breast cancer, the contribution of RAD51, XRCC3, and XRCC2 is more unclear. To investigate the role of RAD51, XRCC3, and XRCC2 in breast cancer predisposition and to identify putative recurrent founder mutations in the Finnish population where such mutations have been observed in most of the currently known susceptibility genes, we screened 182 familial Finnish breast or ovarian cancer patients for germline variation in the RAD51and XRCC3 genes and 342 patients for variation in XRCC2, with a subset of the patients selected on the basis of decreased RAD51 protein expression on tumors. We also performed haplotype analyses for 1516 breast cancer cases and 1234 controls to assess the common variation in these genes. No pathogenic mutations were detected in any of the genes and the distribution of haplotypes was similar between cases and controls. Our results suggest that RAD51, XRCC3, and XRCC2 do not substantially contribute to breast cancer predisposition in the Finnish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Ranta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Vilske
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 180, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 160, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
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57
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Brandalize APC, Schüler-Faccini L, Hoffmann JS, Caleffi M, Cazaux C, Ashton-Prolla P. A DNA repair variant in POLQ (c.-1060A > G) is associated to hereditary breast cancer patients: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:850. [PMID: 25409685 PMCID: PMC4246548 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the hallmarks of cancer is the occurrence of high levels of chromosomal rearrangements as a result of inaccurate repair of double-strand breaks (DSB). Germline mutations in BRCA and RAD51 genes, involved in DSB repair, are strongly associated with hereditary breast cancer. Pol θ, a translesional DNA polymerase specialized in the replication of damaged DNA, has been also shown to contribute to DNA synthesis associated to DSB repair. It is noteworthy that POLQ is highly expressed in breast tumors and this expression is able to predict patient outcome. The objective of this study was to analyze genetic variants related to POLQ as new population biomarkers of risk in hereditary (HBC) and sporadic (SBC) breast cancer. METHODS We analyzed through case-control study nine SNPs of POLQ in hereditary (HBC) and sporadic (SBC) breast cancer patients using Taqman Real Time PCR assays. Polymorphisms were systematically identified through the NCBI database and are located within exons or promoter regions. We recruited 204 breast cancer patients (101 SBC and 103 HBC) and 212 unaffected controls residing in Southern Brazil. RESULTS The rs581553 SNP located in the promoter region was strongly associated with HBC (c.-1060A > G; HBC GG = 15, Control TT = 8; OR = 5.67, CI95% = 2.26-14.20; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, 11 of 15 homozygotes for this polymorphism fulfilled criteria for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Furthermore, 12 of them developed bilateral breast cancer and one had a familial history of bilateral breast cancer. This polymorphism was also associated with bilateral breast cancer in 67 patients (OR = 9.86, CI95% = 3.81-25.54). There was no statistically significant difference of age at breast cancer diagnosis between SNP carriers and non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS Considering that Pol θ is involved in DBS repair, our results suggest that this polymorphism may contribute to the etiology of HBC, particularly in patients with bilateral breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Carneiro Brandalize
- />Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- />Laboratory of Genomics, Proteomics and DNA Repair, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- />Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schüler-Faccini
- />Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- />Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- />Equipe « Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2013 » INSERM Unit 1037; CNRS ERL 5294, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), Toulouse Oncopole, France
- />University of Toulouse; UPS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christophe Cazaux
- />Equipe « Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer 2013 » INSERM Unit 1037; CNRS ERL 5294, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse), Toulouse Oncopole, France
- />University of Toulouse; UPS, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia Ashton-Prolla
- />Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- />Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- />Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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